Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Productive symptoms »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Productive symptoms"
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Bottini, Gabriella, Anna Sedda, Elisa Raffaella Ferrè, Paola Invernizzi, Martina Gandola et Eraldo Paulesu. « Productive symptoms in right brain damage ». Current Opinion in Neurology 22, no 6 (décembre 2009) : 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e328332c71d.
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Epstein, Seymour, et Lori Katz. « Coping ability, stress, productive load, and symptoms. » Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62, no 5 (1992) : 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.5.813.
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Abdumajitov, V. B., B. M. Eshburiev, S. B. Eshburiev et M. A. Sulaymonov. « Etiopathogenesis and symptoms of hypocobaltosis in productive cows ». ACADEMICIA : AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no 2 (2021) : 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.00308.6.
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Vazquez Guillamet, Rodrigo, Hans Petersen, Paula Meek, Akshay Sood et Yohannes Tesfaigzi. « Grading Severity of Productive Cough Based on Symptoms and Airflow Obstruction ». COPD : Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 15, no 2 (4 mars 2018) : 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2018.1458218.
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Wing, J. K. « The Concept of Negative Symptoms ». British Journal of Psychiatry 155, S7 (novembre 1989) : 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s000712500029140x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a recent edition of the Schizophrenia Bulletin devoted to negative symptoms, the editor suggested at the beginning of his preface that what he called the “positive–negative symptom distinction” had been introduced into psychiatry only a decade previously (Levine, 1985). Many authors in the same volume seemed to agree with him; at least they did not emphasise any continuity with earlier work. There were a few notable exceptions. Since, for more than 30 years, I have seen the relationship between psychological deficit (cognitive defect, negative syndrome) and the productive (florid, positive) symptoms as lying at the heart of the mystery of schizophrenia, it seemed possible that some account of how that interest arose and developed might still be timely. This is part of the history of the Social Psychiatry Research Unit of the Medical Research Council.
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Dieterle, D. M., M. Ackenheil, H. P. Kapfhammer et F. Müller-Spahn. « The effect of Zotepine on productive and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients ». Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no 2 (1988) : 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001899.
Texte intégralRésumé :
RésuméZotepine was studied in 15 schizophrenic patients over a period of 28 days with regard to its antipsychotic efficacy, effect on negative schizophrenic symptoms, tolerability and adverse effects. Nine patients received Zotepine in a high dosage of 230 mg/die±52 mg, 6 patients in a low dosage of 168 mg/die ± 18 mg. Two patients receiving the high dosage dropped out after 21 days because of worsening of symptomatology and suicide attempts. Zotepine had rapid antipsychotic effects with sedative properties during the initial days of treatment. Minimal adverse effects and extra-pyramidal motor disturbances as well as dose-dependent positive effects on negative schizophrenie symptoms were found.
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Syed, Azfar Shahid, Rhonda E. Colombo, Bakhtiar S. Syed et Peter M. Henning. « Treatment-resistant cough : a rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease involving the larynx ». BMJ Case Reports 13, no 11 (novembre 2020) : e237614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237614.
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IgG4-related autoimmune diseases (IgG4 RD) are a relatively recently recognised group of disease processes that can affect multiple organ systems and result in protean symptoms. Here, we present a rare case of a 69-year-old man with a history of IgG4 RD affecting his lacrimal gland and pancreas who developed symptoms of severe laryngitis not responsive to usual therapy. He presented with non-productive cough, hoarseness and dyspnoea. Imaging findings suggestive of aortitis and laryngeal inflammation in the setting of his IgG4 RD history prompted treatment with rituximab, which resulted in resolution of his laryngeal symptoms. Subsequently, his cough returned and he required periodic rituximab infusions to stay symptom-free. IgG4 RD of the larynx is an uncommonly reported manifestation in literature. This disease is very responsive to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment. IgG4 RD should be considered in patients with airway symptoms that are especially refractory to usual therapy.
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Masirevic, Vesna, Radoje Colovic, Marica Basic, Vitomir Rankovic, I. Palibrk et Ljiljana Ivic. « TRALI syndrome : Noncardial lung oedema after blood transfusion ». Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 49, no 1 (2002) : 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0201069m.
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Definition - signs and symptoms which include dispnea, hypertension, high temperature and high productive tracheobronchial secretion. Physical findings are lung oedema in first four hours. Such patients usually require respiratory help. After adequate therapy, symptoms disappeared in 96 hours. In the beginning, TRALI used to be a part of ARDS and it were treated that way. Today, TRALI is understand like substantive group of symptoms.
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Wajpeyi, Sadhana Misar, Manish Deshmukh et Nandini Bhojraj. « Efficacy of Bibhitakavaleha in Management of Kaphaja Kasa with special reference to Chronic Bronchitis ». International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no 2 (3 juillet 2020) : 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1458.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Kasa is the disease of Pranavaha strotas. It may develop as an independent disease, symptom or complication. In Kaphaja Kasa Kasavega is associated with Bahala Ghana Nishtivana. It can be correlated with Chronic Bronchitis due to similarities of signs and symptoms. Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by productive cough associated with sputum for at least 3 consecutive months for more than two successive years. The initial symptoms are repeated attacks of productive cough which shows a steady increase in severity during the winter months and present all the year round with recurrent respiratory infections. Ayurveda described many herbomineral formulations for management of Kasa. One such formulation Bibhitakavaleha is mentioned in Gadanigraha, which consists of Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica Roxb.), Gomutra (Cow urine) and Madhu (Honey). Methods: In this case series 30 patients having classical symptoms of Kaphaja Kasa were treated with Bibhitakavaleha 10gm twice a day with lukewarm water for 15 days with the aim to prove the efficacy of it in the management of Kaphaja Kasa. Subjective criteria like Kasavega, Kasa nishtiva, Shwaskricchrata, Peenas, Shirshool and Aruchi with Laboratory parameters like TLC (Total Leukocyte Count), Neutrophils, Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) and ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) were assessed before and after treatment. Result: Significant improvement was observed in all parameters after treatment. Bibhitaki possesses Kashaya Rasa, Madhura Vipaka, Ushna Veerya & Laghu, Ruksha Guna which plays a major role in relieving Kasa. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that Kaphaja Kasa can be effectively treated with Bibhitakavaleha.
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High, Robert V., et Patricia A. Marcellino. « PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS AND THE FEMALE EMPLOYEE ». Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal 23, no 3 (1 janvier 1995) : 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.3.265.
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A survey was taken of working women concerning any premenstrual symptoms they may have experienced and the self-reported effects) on their job productivity. The sample consisted of n = 197 completed survey instruments. The most commonly listed symptoms (listed by more than 50% of the respondents) were: irritability, bloating, mood changes, depression, weight gain, headaches, and anger. These symptoms were reported as affecting job performance by 57% of the women and 40% indicated feeling less productive during the onset of premenstrual symptoms. The symptoms of mood changes, irritability, anger, and depression were significantly correlated with lower job performance as reported by the women. When the sample was divided into three groups based on age, there were no significant differences in the reporting of premenstrual symptoms and the severity of the symptoms. However, the three groups did show significant differences in the way the symptoms were reported to have affected their job performance. The younger group of women had a significantly higher proportion of respondents reporting that their premenstrual symptoms were adversely affecting their lives and job performance/productivity. Finally, when the sample was divided between managerial and non-managerial women, no significant differences were found.
Thèses sur le sujet "Productive symptoms"
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INVERNIZZI, PAOLA. « Productive symptoms in right brain damage : behavioural and anatomical observations ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28151.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis describes behavioural observations and anatomical investigations concerning productive symptoms observable in right brain damaged patients with spatial neglect. A "productive" symptom is defined here as a behavioural manifestation that, contrary to what observed when performance is lacking or its failure is acknowledged by patients, is characterized by the active generation of acts or verbal reports reflecting a distorted mental representation of reality.
A first classification of productive symptoms in neglect patients pertains the spatial frame of their manifestation, extrapersonal or personal. Following this classification, I examine these manifestations in separate sections of the thesis. Section 1 is dedicated to the peri/extrapersonal space, while, in Section 2, I focus on symptoms manifesting in the own bodily space.
In chapter 2, I concentrate on graphic perseveration in cancellation tasks, the main productive symptom observable for the extrapersonal space in neglect patients. Together with omission of left-sided targets, a variety of irrelevant marks over already cancelled targets on the ipsilesional side can be observed. It is not clear whether these perseverative behaviours are functionally and anatomically connected, nor whether they correlate with the severity of spatial neglect. We retrospectively identified two well-distinct forms of perseveration on cancellation tasks ("additional marks" and "inkblot") in 33 neglect patients, and we investigated their relationship with neglect severity and their anatomical correlates. We show, on both a behavioural and anatomical level, that different kinds of perseverative behaviours are differently related with neglect.
From chapter 3 onwards I concentrate on productive manifestations in personal space. One main such productive symptom is somatoparaphrenia, the delusional belief whereby a patient feels that a paralyzed limb does not belong to his body; the symptom is typically associated with unilateral neglect and most frequently with anosognosia for hemiplegia. In chapter 3, I describe the anatomical pattern associated with somatoparaphrenia in a wide sample of patients, and I propose that somatoparaphrenia occurs providing that a distributed cortical lesion pattern is present together with a subcortical lesion load that prevents most sensory input from being processed in neocortical structures.
In chapter 4, I also show how somatoparaphrenia, that, so far, has been often considered simply the most severe and delusional manifestation along a continuum of body disorders also including anosognosia for hemiplegia, can be also observed in isolation from this symptom. I report anatomical observations on a small group of pure somatoparaphrenic patients and discuss the implications of this uncommon symptomatological dissociation.
The experiments mentioned so far were based on classical anatomoclinical correlation inference. The study of productive/positive symptoms, however, would ideally need functional methods as well, in order to capture the neural correlates of the "active" component implied by the symptoms under investigation.
I present an initial attempt along these lines. I considered the delusional behaviour of patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP): this has been often classified as a “negative” symptom as patients crucially “lack” the awareness of the motor deficit. However, beyond this defective aspect, AHP is usually characterized by an active delusional component that manifests in the patients’ firm assertion of having performed a movement with the paralyzed limb, in spite of any clear evidence that no movement has actually occurred. In this case, one has to postulate the presence of a residual, and maybe misinterpreted, motor brain activity to account for this delusional component. Here I illustrate, for the first time, the missing direct imaging evidence that the illusory movement of the left plegic hand is associated with brain activation of intact cortical motor regions implicated in motor control and intention (see chapter 5). It is suggested that motor delusions observed in AHP depend on a combination of well placed lesions and the presence of some motor intentionality represented by residual activity within the spared motor cortices.
The diversity of the phenomena considered in this thesis makes it difficult to generalize anatomical considerations about productive manifestations associated with spatial neglect; yet, it is worth of notice the fact that all these disorders can be also conceptualized as self-monitoring disorders particularly related to motor/sensory control aspects in which the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus seems to play an important role. Indeed, we found it constantly involved in all the productive disorders considered, irrespective of whether defective monitoring was about the left plegic limb or the right intact one.
In addition, we find it promising the adoption of functional methods to gather a more complete description of the neural underpinnings of symptoms of great complexity like the productive ones.
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RONCHI, ROBERTA. « Behavioural monitoring disorders in unilateral spatial neglect : productive symptoms and impaired awareness of disease ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19801.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This doctoral thesis investigates the relationships between disorders of behavioural monitoring (including “productive” behaviours and unawareness of neuropsychological deficits) and unilateral spatial neglect in right-brain-damaged patients.
One main monitoring disorder is recurrent perseveration, namely a “productive” motor symptom frequently found in target cancellation tasks: we demonstrate, in two specific tasks (Experiments 1 and 2), that the disposition of the stimuli and the type of target modulate its severity. Neglect patients showing perseveration in visuo-motor exploratory tests perseverate also in drawing tasks. No correlation between omission and perseveration errors is found, supporting the functional independence of the two deficits. In the context of a two-component hypothesis, perseveration (the first component) is a specific disorder that manifests in a variety of tasks, particularly those requiring serial graphic production; unilateral spatial neglect (the second component) may trigger and facilitate the production of perseveration errors. Moreover results indicate that patients with perseveration are not disproportionately impaired in tasks assessing executive, visuo-spatial short-term memory, and attentional functions, suggesting the specificity of the monitoring disorder associated with spatial neglect. Lesion analysis indicates damage to the right insula as a relevant neural correlate of perseverative behaviour.
Experiment 3 shows that perseverating patients produce a majority of substitution errors during a word reading task, suggesting that also this type of paralexic neglect error can be considered a “productive” manifestation.
The clinical, experimental and neural features of another monitoring deficit and “positive” manifestation referring to the personal space, “somatoparaphrenia”, are reviewed: somatoparaphrenia is a symptom usually associated with right-sided hemispheric lesions, most often characterized by a delusion of disownership of contralesional body parts. Possible pathological factors may include a deranged representation of the body concerned with ownership, mainly right-hemisphere-based, and deficits of multisensory integration.
Finally, Experiment 4 investigates anosognosia for unilateral spatial neglect by a quantitative assessment. Results indicate that unawareness for spatial attentional and representational deficits is not a pervasive disorder, and that some tasks can evoke different degrees of awareness. In addition, the scores assigned by neglect patients to their performance in spatial tasks are not modulated by the different conditions of the estimation tasks.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that: 1) “productive”, as “defective”, manifestations of unilateral spatial neglect are multifarious; 2) these “positive” phenomena are independent of general executive deficits and of the severity of the spatial neglect syndrome; 3) the neural bases of motor productive disorders included the right insula; 4) neglect patients are not globally anosognosic about their spatial defective performances.
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Jaglin, Mathilde. « Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d’indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112312/document.
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Le tube digestif héberge une communauté microbienne complexe, le microbiote intestinal, dont les capacités métaboliques sont plus riches et diversifiées que celles codées par le génome de l'hôte. L'implication du microbiote intestinal dans divers aspects de la physiologie de l'hôte, comme le métabolisme nutritionnel et l'immunité, est depuis longtemps étudiée. En revanche, l'action potentielle du microbiote sur le développement et le fonctionnement du cerveau constitue une nouvelle piste de recherche, encore peu explorée. Dans ce contexte, nous avons réalisé une première étude générale de l'action du microbiote intestinal sur le cerveau en comparant les fonctions sensori-motrices, le comportement de type anxieux, l'état d'activation de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien et le profil cérébral des monoamines de rats F344 axéniques et conventionnels. Les résultats révèlent que, chez cette lignée particulièrement sensible au stress, l'absence de microbiote intestinal exacerbe le comportement de type anxieux et la réponse hormonale au stress, et atténue le métabolisme dopaminergique cérébral. Afin d'étudier par quel moyen le microbiote peut agir sur le cerveau, une seconde étude a été menée, ciblant un métabolite bactérien spécifique, l’indole, dont certains dérivés oxydés par le foie sont connus pour avoir des propriétés neuroactives. L'indole est un métabolite naturel du microbiote intestinal, dont la surproduction pourrait survenir lors d'une dysbiose du microbiote. Deux cas de surproduction ont été modélisés : chronique et aiguë. Dans les deux cas, des modifications importantes du comportement de l'hôte ont été observées. En situation de surproduction chronique, l'indole favorise des comportements de type anxieux et dépressif, tandis qu'une surproduction aiguë a un effet sédatif marqué. D'un point de vue mécanistique, nous confirmons que l’indole peut agir sur le système nerveux central par la voie sanguine impliquant les dérivés oxydés et montrons pour la première fois qu'il peut aussi agir en activant les noyaux cérébraux du nerf vagueThe gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial community, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the host genome. The involvement of the gut microbiota in various aspects of the host physiology, such as the nutritional metabolism and the immunity, has long been studied. In contrast, the possible action of the gut microbiota on brain development and functioning is a new line of research, still poorly explored. In this context, we performed a first general study of the effect of gut microbiota on the brain by comparing the sensory-motor functions, the anxiety-like behaviour, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the brain monoamine profile in germ-free and conventional F344 rats. The results show that, in this particularly stress-sensitive strain, absence of gut microbiota exacerbates the anxiety-like behaviour and neuroendocrine response to stress, and reduces brain dopamine metabolism. To investigate the means by which the microbiota can affect the brain, a second study was conducted, targeting a specific bacterial metabolite, indole, whose oxidative derivatives, produced by the liver, are known to have neuroactive properties. Indole is a natural metabolite of the gut microbiota, whoseoverproduction could occur during a microbiota dysbiosis. Two conditions of overproduction, namely chronic and acute, were modelled. In both cases, significant changes in the behaviour of the host were observed. In chronic overproduction, indole promotes anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, while acute overproduction has a marked sedative effect. From a mechanistic point of view, we confirm that indole can act on the central nervous system through its oxidized derivatives and show for the first time that it can also act by activating the brain nuclei of the vagus nerve
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Oluwasina, Oluremi Isaac. « Maintenance improvement in the petrochemical industry / O.I. Oluwasina ». Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6936.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Technology is the answer to most of our human needs but every technology is often
accompanied by other challenges which often lead to the evolvement of another technology.
One of the technologies that have greatly impacted our world is that of energy development
out of which the petro–chemical industry is an important one.
The petro–chemical industry remains the main energy hub for our world today through ranges
of products coming from its ambit but not without its own challenges too. One of which is the
issue of breakdown or shut down which always require maintenance. Shutdown, many a
times, may be planned (annual, quarterly, condition–based, time–based, preventive and so on)
or unplanned (run–to–failure).
In any case, maintenance personnel (mechanical, electrical and instrument) must perform their
duties to fix it. In the process of fixing the equipment several factors affect the effectiveness
of the personnel. To improve maintenance activities, factors affecting its effectiveness should
be addressed. Some of the factors that are already been considered are; Overall Equipment
Effectiveness(OEE), Precision maintenance, Maintainability, Computerized Maintenance
Management System (CMMS), Work Order management, Equipment, Logistics, Process
optimization, Supply chain management, Maintenance strategies, Continuous Improvement
Hours and so on. (Taylor, 2000; Siemens.com, 2010)
Of those factors, many people hardly think of ergonomics as a factor of reckoning with
maintenance activities. Ergonomics is mostly thought of in relation to operators and office
workers.
According to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in U.S.A (2009),
ergonomic injuries are the most common cause of workplace illness and injury in the United
States. Back injuries and cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) such as carpal tunnel
syndrome, tendinitis, bursitis and epicondylitis form the majority of non–fatal occupational
injuries and illnesses, costing employers more than 12 billion dollars per year in lost work
time, workers compensation payments and medical expenses.
Of the cost implication of ergonomics ailment reported above, how much of it is related to
maintenance activities? Is there any relationship between maintenance activities andergonomics? In what direction is the relationship? positive or negative? How much is the
impact in either direction? If it is negative, how can we mitigate it? Finally, what are the
benefits, if any? These are some of the vital questions this dissertation is set to answer in
relation to: physical, somatic, medical, overhead cost, production down–time and personnel
morale.
To achieve the afore–mentioned, several research instruments were employed which include;
case studies, questionnaires, physical observations, interviews, literature reviews, internet
resources, journals and other sources (industry experts and professionals).
Relevant keywords and concepts were thoroughly researched in the literature review which
serves as a base for the dissertation.
Two hundred technical personnel (maintenance) serve as the population sample and
questionnaires were administered to them. Technical personnel with appreciable number of
years of experience occupying managerial positions were also interviewed. The outcomes of
all the interviews, observations and questionnaires were analysed and interpreted accordingly
to verify how ergonomics impact maintenance.
This dissertation based on findings, was able to establish that ergonomics impact the activities
of maintenance personnel culminated in proposing an E4M (Ergonomics for Maintenance)
assessor. The assessor alongside utilization guidelines and a training matrix will help to
effectively mitigate the impact of ergonomics on maintenance activities. There is room for
further development of the tool into a computer based package for real–time assessment and
mitigation.
The assessor and its instruments cannot work alone without the commitment of stake–holders
in the industry. That is why recommendations were included for effective application of the
tool.
The dissertation did not overlook the good works the industry has been doing in the area of
creating awareness about repetitive stress injuries among its workforce but only complement
its efforts in areas they might not look into. That is in a bid to improve the effectiveness of its
workforce which will directly increase productivity, profit and stakeholders confidence. On the other hand, it will reduce their indirect losses through; production down–time, medical
cost and over–head costs.
However, the application of the E4M assessor is not limited to the petro–chemical industry
only but finds its applicability in other industries like; manufacturing, aviation, automobile
and any other field where maintenance activities take place particularly in third world
countries.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Jaglin, Mathilde. « Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d'indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057811.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le tube digestif héberge une communauté microbienne complexe, le microbiote intestinal, dont les capacités métaboliques sont plus riches et diversifiées que celles codées par le génome de l'hôte. L'implication du microbiote intestinal dans divers aspects de la physiologie de l'hôte, comme le métabolisme nutritionnel et l'immunité, est depuis longtemps étudiée. En revanche, l'action potentielle du microbiote sur le développement et le fonctionnement du cerveau constitue une nouvelle piste de recherche, encore peu explorée. Dans ce contexte, nous avons réalisé une première étude générale de l'action du microbiote intestinal sur le cerveau en comparant les fonctions sensori-motrices, le comportement de type anxieux, l'état d'activation de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien et le profil cérébral des monoamines de rats F344 axéniques et conventionnels. Les résultats révèlent que, chez cette lignée particulièrement sensible au stress, l'absence de microbiote intestinal exacerbe le comportement de type anxieux et la réponse hormonale au stress, et atténue le métabolisme dopaminergique cérébral. Afin d'étudier par quel moyen le microbiote peut agir sur le cerveau, une seconde étude a été menée, ciblant un métabolite bactérien spécifique, l'indole, dont certains dérivés oxydés par le foie sont connus pour avoir des propriétés neuroactives. L'indole est un métabolite naturel du microbiote intestinal, dont la surproduction pourrait survenir lors d'une dysbiose du microbiote. Deux cas de surproduction ont été modélisés : chronique et aiguë. Dans les deux cas, des modifications importantes du comportement de l'hôte ont été observées. En situation de surproduction chronique, l'indole favorise des comportements de type anxieux et dépressif, tandis qu'une surproduction aiguë a un effet sédatif marqué. D'un point de vue mécanistique, nous confirmons que l'indole peut agir sur le système nerveux central par la voie sanguine impliquant les dérivés oxydés et montrons pour la première fois qu'il peut aussi agir en activant les noyaux cérébraux du nerf vague.
6
Lyon, Christine. « Les règles de contenu local de la production, symptômes des contradictions de la mondialisation : le cas de la politique des États-Unis vis à vis des investisseurs japonais dans l'industrie automobile américaine ». Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100024.
Texte intégral
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Batista, Carla da Silva. « Efeitos do treinamento de força e do treinamento de força com instabilidade sobre os sintomas, funcionalidade, adaptações neuromusculares e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de parkinson : estudo controlado e randomizado ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-29042016-112750/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar os efeitos de 12 semanas do treinamento de força (TF) com o treinamento de força com instabilidade (TFI) nos desfechos clínicos, na capacidade de produção de força muscular, nos mecanismos inibitórios espinhais e no volume total de treinamento (VTT) de indivíduos entre os estágios 2 e 3 da doença de Parkinson (DP). Para tanto, 39 indivíduos (testados e treinados no estado \"on\" da medicação) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram randomizados em três grupos: grupo controle nenhum exercício (GC), grupo TF (GTF) e grupo TFI (GTFI). O GTF e o GTFI realizaram 12 semanas de TF orientado à hipertrofia, duas vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos. Apenas o GTFI adicionou acessórios de instabilidade (e.g., BOSU®) ao TF que progrediram dos menos para os mais instáveis. Antes e após as 12 semanas foram avaliados os seguintes desfechos: a) clínicos - mobilidade (desfecho primário), sintomas motores, comprometimento cognitivo, medo de cair, equilíbrio, desempenho da marcha (distância, cadência e velocidade) em condições de dupla tarefa e qualidade de vida; b) capacidade de produção de força muscular - raiz quadrada média (RMS), mean spike frequency (MSF) e retardo eletromecânico (REM) dos músculos vasto lateral, vasto medial e gastrocnêmio medial; pico de torque, taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (TDT) e tempo de meio relaxamento (TMR) dos músculos extensores do joelho e flexores plantares; uma repetição máxima (1RM) dos membros inferiores e área de secção transversa do músculo quadríceps femoral (ASTQ) e; c) mecanismos inibitórios espinhais - inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca do músculo sóleus. O VTT foi avaliado durante o protocolo experimental para os exercícios agachamento, flexão plantar e leg-press. Do pré ao pós-treinamento, somente o GTFI melhorou todos os desfechos clínicos (P<0,05), os desfechos da capacidade de produção de força muscular (P<0,05) com exceção do TMR dos músculos extensores de joelho (P=0.068) e melhorou os desfechos dos mecanismos inibitórios espinhais (P<0,05). Houve diferenças significantes entre o GTFI e o GC no pós-treinamento para os seguintes desfechos: mobilidade, comprometimento cognitivo, equilíbrio, desempenho na marcha em condições de dupla tarefa (distância, cadência e velocidade), RMS de todos os músculos avaliados, MSF do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, pico de torque e TDT dos flexores plantares, pico de torque dos extensores de joelho, 1RM dos membros inferiores e inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca (P<0,05). Além disso, o GTFI apresentou melhores valores do que o GTF para os seguintes desfechos: desempenho na marcha em condições de dupla tarefa (distância e velocidade), RMS do músculo vasto medial, MSF do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, TDT dos flexores plantares e inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca (P<0,05). O GTFI apresentou um menor VTT comparado ao GTF (P<0,05). Por fim, nenhum efeito adverso foi observado. Em conclusão, somente o TFI melhorou os desfechos clínicos e foi mais efetivo do que o TF em promover adaptações neuromusculares mesmo com um menor VTT. Assim, o TFI é recomendado como uma inovadora intervenção terapêutica para minimizar os declínios na mobilidade e em um amplo espectro de deficiências, sem causar efeitos adversos em indivíduos com DPThe aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the effects of 12 weeks of strength training (ST) with strength training with instability (STI) on clinical outcomes, muscle-force-production capacity, spinal inhibitory mechanisms and the total training volume (TTV) of individuals between stages 2 and 3 of Parkinson\'s disease (PD). For this, 39 individuals (assessed and trained in the clinically defined \"on\" state) met the inclusion criteria and were randomized into three groups: non-exercising control group (CG), ST group (STG) and STI group (STIG). The STG and STIG performed 12 weeks hypertrophy-oriented ST, twice a week, on non-consecutive days. Only STIG added unstable devices (e.g., BOSU®) to ST that progressed from the less to the more unstable devices. Before and after 12 weeks were assessed the following outcomes: a) clinical - mobility (primary outcome), motor symptoms, cognitive impairment, fear of falling, balance, dual-task gait performance (distance, cadence, and, velocity), and quality of life; b) muscle-force-production capacity - root mean square (RMS), mean spike frequency (MSF), and electromechanical delay (EMD) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius medialis; peak torque, rate of torque development (RTD) and half-relaxation time (HRT) of the knee-extensors and plantar flexors; one repetition maximum (1-RM) of the lower limbs and quadriceps cross sectional area (QCSA) and; c) spinal inhibitory mechanisms - presynaptic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition of the soleus muscle. The TTV for each lower limb exercise (half-squat, plantar flexion, and leg-press) was determined during the experimental protocol. From pre- to post-training, only the STIG improved all of the clinical outcomes (P <0.05), the muscle-force-production capacity outcomes (P <0.05) with exception of the HRT of the knee-extensors (P = 0.068) and, improved the spinal inhibitory mechanisms outcomes (P <0.05). There were differences between the STIG and the CG for the following outcomes: mobility, cognitive impairment, balance, dual-task gait performance (distance, cadence, and speed), RMS all of the muscles assessed, MSF of the gastrocnemius medialis, peak torque and RTD of the plantar flexor, peak torque of the knee-extensors, 1RM of the lower limbs, presynaptic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition at post-training (P <0.05). Moreover, the STIG showed better values than the STG for the following outcomes: dual-task gait performance (distance and speed), RMS of the vastus medialis, MSF of the gastrocnemius medialis, RTD of the plantar flexors, presynaptic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition at post-training (P <0.05). The STIG showed a lower TTV than the STG (P <0.05). Finally, no adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, only the STIG improved all of the clinical outcomes and it was more effective than the STG to promote neuromuscular adaptations even the STIG has had a lower TTV than the STG. Thus, STI is recommended as a novel therapeutic intervention to minimize declines in mobility and in a wide spectrum of impairments without causing adverse effects in individuals with PD
Livres sur le sujet "Productive symptoms"
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Nosachev, Igor', et Dmitriy Romanov. Semiotics of mental illness. General psychopathology. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The methodology and systematics of the diagnostic process in psychiatry are given, information is given about psychopathological symptoms and dynamics of the main productive and negative syndromes, including addictive, as well as the most significant forms of norm and pathology of personality. The leading features of clinical and psychopathological research in general psychopathology are substantiated.
The section "Symptomatology" reveals the psychological and clinical features of the main mental processes. The section "Syndromology" describes the clinical features of the main positive and negative syndromes, their features in children and adolescents.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for psychiatrists, psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists undergoing pre- and postgraduate training, students of higher medical and psychological educational institutions, interns, clinical residents, graduate students and doctors of related disciplines.
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Ferguson, Deborah Helen. Production of chimeric viral genomes for the analysis of tobraviral symptom determinants. Birmingham : University of Birmingham, 1998.
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Eliasson-Selling, Lena. Puberty and oestrous symptoms in gilts with special reference to the relationship with production traits. Uppsala : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1991.
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Wilson, John W., et Lynn L. Estes. Respiratory Tract Infections. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0067.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Diagnostic criteria include productive cough, symptoms of upper respiratory infection, and negative findings on chest radiographs. Viral agents are the most common cause; antibiotics are therefore not beneficial.•Viral causes: Influenza, parainfluenza, and other respiratory viruses affect >70% of patients•Less common but potentially antibiotic-responsive infectious agents...
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Thompson-Brenner, Heather, Melanie Smith, Gayle E. Brooks, Dee Ross Franklin, Hallie Espel-Huynh et James Boswell. The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190947002.001.0001.
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This treatment program is designed to address any type of eating disorder along with the other emotional problems that people with eating disorders also commonly experience. Eating disorders are related to emotional functioning in many important ways. The overall goal of this treatment is for clients to become more accepting of their emotions in order to respond to them in more productive ways. Each chapter of this workbook teaches clients the skills to manage their emotions. This workbook was developed to help people who have eating disorders and who are also struggling with intense and difficult emotions like anxiety, sadness, anger, and guilt. Having an eating disorder is a difficult emotional experience, and many people develop depression and anxiety in reaction to their eating disorder symptoms. So, emotions create the context in which eating disorders develop, emotions are a part of what drives eating disorder symptoms on a daily level, and emotional experience become worse as a result of having an eating disorder.
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Granacher, Robert P. Neuropsychiatric Aspects Involving the Elderly and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0002.
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Neuropsychiatry has generally been concerned with the diagnosis and management of syndromes with productive symptoms (positive symptoms) such as hallucinations, mood changes, and delusions. This chapter focuses on the brain-based forensic issues before the law concerning the neuropsychiatry of the older patient. These include the forensic infinitives of legal cognitive capacity to be competent to be tried, enter a plea, be a witness, consent generally, enter a contract, make a will, resist undue influence, refuse treatment, give informed consent, have general competence, have specific competence, be fit for duty, be criminally responsible, be civilly committable, and resist elder abuse. Fundamentally, the forensic neuropsychiatric question is: does a brain disorder remove the individual capacity to understand, decide or act in a specific circumstance before the law? Thus, a well-planned forensic assessment of a geriatric person usually requires a neuromedical psychiatric examination model. This may include examinations, laboratory testing, structural neuroimaging, cognitive screening, and neuropsychological testing. It also may involve lumbar puncture functional neuroimaging and other neurodiagnostic testing.
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Jones, Andrew M., et Rowland J. Bright-Thomas. Bronchiectasis. Sous la direction de Patrick Davey et David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0137.
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Bronchiectasis may be defined clinically as the chronic daily production of copious mucopurulent sputum. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by inflamed, thick-walled, dilated bronchi. Bronchiectasis has many potential underlying causes and associations with other diseases but in individual cases the underlying cause is often unknown. The typical symptom is cough with sputum. Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition; systemic complications are common and include tiredness, malaise, and weight loss. The aim of therapy should be to control symptoms, prevent complications and disease progression, while minimizing treatment burden. This chapter discusses bronchiectasis, including its etiology, symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Wray, Shirley H. Eye Movement Disorders in Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199921805.001.0001.
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This resource offers comprehensive instruction on the diagnosis and treatment of all varieties of eye movement disorders, and reflects the importance of correlating clinical signs of disorders in the oculomotor system with their neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic architecture. With its focus on signs and symptoms, it advances lesion localization of eye movement disorders as the central clinical concern, and presents a fresh review of bedside examination techniques in the ER, ICU, and walk-in clinic; productive ways of taking a clinical history; sign interpretation; source lesion localization; and, where appropriate, therapy. This resource is arranged according to objective signs - like ptosis, neuromuscular syndromes, dizziness, vertigo, and syndromes of the medulla - rather than disease entities, and features over 50 clinical cases, each one providing the anatomical guidance needed to make critical diagnostic and management decisions in patients who often present with abnormal eye movements.
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Allen, Shelley J. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0002.
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We now know that the onset of the pathological processes leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be 15–20 years before symptoms appear. This focuses attention on synaptic changes and the early role of tau, and less on the hallmark amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tau tangles. Sensitive biomarkers to allow early screening will be essential. Familial autosomal AD is the result of mutations in one of three genes (APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2), each directly related to increased Aβ, and informs pathological mechanisms in common sporadic cases, but are also subject to influence by many risk genes and environmental factors. The essential role of apolipoprotein E in neuronal repair and Aβ clearance provides a therapeutic target but also a challenge in carriers of the risk gene APOE4. Current treatments are symptomatic, derived from neurotransmitter deficits seen; particularly cholinergic, but emerging data suggest alternative targets which may prove more productive.
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Burdick, Katherine E., Luz H. Ospina, Stephen J. Haggarty et Roy H. Perlis. The Neurobiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. Sous la direction de Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar et Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0020.
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Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe mood disorder that often has psychotic features. Its most severe forms are more common and significantly more likely to cause disability than originally thought. Studies of high-risk children have found them to be at increased risk for a variety of symptoms and neurobiological abnormalities. In contrast to schizophrenia, there is no formal prodromal syndrome that has been identified, and cognitive abnormalities do not precede the onset of the disorder. Abnormal sleep and circadian rhythms are prominent and have led to intriguing biological models. Neurobiological experiments have primarily focused on candidate pathways and include circadian abnormalities, epigenetic processes including histone modification, WNT/GSK3 signaling, other modulators of neuroplasticity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent data suggest that BPD is a highly polygenic disease and that integration of prior modeling and data with the wide variety of new genetic risk loci will be productive in the future.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Productive symptoms"
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Stirling, Graham R. « Modifying a productive sweet potato farming system in Australia to improve soil health and reduce losses from root-knot nematode. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 368–73. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0051.
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Abstract Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is the world's sixth most important food crop after rice, wheat, potatoes, maize and cassava. More than 105 million metric tonnes are produced globally each year, with more than 90% coming from developing countries. Australian growers produce some of the highest sweet potato yields in the world (commonly 60-90 t/ha) but often suffer losses from root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria). This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, symptoms of damage, recommended integrated nematode management and management optimization of root-knot nematodes. Future research requirements and developments are also mentioned.
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Misra, Ashok K. « Diseases. » Dans Guava : botany, production and uses, 285–328. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0015.
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Tajidin, Nor Elliza, Munirah Mohamad, Azimah Hamidon, Hamizah Hassan et Siti H. Ahmad. « Physiological disorders. » Dans Guava : botany, production and uses, 214–22. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0011.
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Abstract Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.
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Tzanetakis, I., et S. Sabanadzovic. « Fig viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas. » Dans The fig : botany, production and uses, 323–31. Wallingford : CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0013.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the symptoms, transmission, molecular and genetic characteristics and detection of some of the most important viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas infecting figs, such as the Fig mosaic virus, Fig badnavirus-1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2, Fig mild mottle associated virus, Fig fleck-associated virus, Fig latent virus-1, Fig cryptic virus, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Apple dimple fruit viroid, Phytoplasma asteris and Phytoplasma solani.
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Becker, J. Ole. « Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 284–89. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0039.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Meloidogyne incognita infesting carrots in California, USA. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.
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Carneiro, Regina M. D. G., Marcilene F. A. Santos et José Mauro C. Castro. « Nematodes. » Dans Guava : botany, production and uses, 270–84. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0014.
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Abstract The following review of the nematodes from cultivated guava is limited to the major problem caused by M. enterolobii, its idenfication and its management strategies. The synonymization of Meloidogyne enterolobii with Meloidogyne mayaguensis and the different methods of identifying Meloidogyne species are discussed. The life cycle, host-parasite relationships, symptoms, damage and dissemination of M. enterolobii are described. The host status of cover crops, maize and fruit plants for M. enterolobii is discussed, as well as the resistance in Psidium spp. to root-knot nematodes. New prospects using genetic resistance in Brazil and some control strategies that can be used in an integrated way are presented.
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Owen, Kirsty. « A triumph of tolerance : managing the threat to wheat production by the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in the subtropical grain region of eastern Australia. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 13–19. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0002.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the economic importance, host range, geographical distribution, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle and interactions with other nematodes and pathogens of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, a severe and widespread threat to wheat production in the subtropical grain production region of eastern Australia. Some recommended integrated nematode management practices and future research for nematode resistance breeding are also presented.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang et Clive Kaiser. « Managing orchard pathogens and disorders. » Dans Sweet cherries, 343–76. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0343.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the various pathogens causing damage to cherry production, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Podosphaera clandestina, Chondrostereum purpureum and Little cherry virus 1 and 2, among others. Details on their symptoms, transmission and disease cycle are discussed and the efficacy of various methods in their management are pointed out.
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Diedrich, Alexander, Kaja Balzereit et Oliver Niggemann. « First Approaches to Automatically Diagnose and Reconfigure Hybrid Cyber-Physical Systems ». Dans Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, 113–22. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62746-4_12.
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AbstractMaintaining modern production machinery requires a significant amount of time and money. Still, plants suffer from expensive production stops and downtime due to faults within individual components. Often, plants are too complex and generate too much data to make manual analysis and diagnosis feasible. Instead, faults often occur unnoticed, resulting in a production stop. It is then the task of highly-skilled engineers to recognise and analyse symptoms and devise a diagnosis. Modern algorithms are more effective and help to detect and isolate faults faster and more precise, thus leading to increased plant availability and lower operating costs.In this paper we attempt to solve some of the described challenges. We describe a concept for an automated framework for hybrid cyberphysical production systems performing two distinct tasks: 1) fault diagnosis and 2) reconfiguration. For diagnosis, the inputs are connection and behaviour models of the components contained within the system and a model describing their causal dependencies. From this information the framework is able to automatically derive a diagnosis provided a set of known symptoms. Taking the output of the diagnosis as a foundation, the reconfiguration part generates a new configuration, which, if applicable, automatically recovers the plant from its faulty state and resumes production. The described concept is based on predicate logic, specifically Satisfiability-Modulo-Theory. The input models are transformed into logical predicates. These predicates are the input to an implementation of Reiter’s diagnosis algorithm, which identifies the minimum-cardinality diagnosis. Taking this diagnosis, a reconfiguration algorithm determines a possible, alternative control, if existing. Therefore the current system structure described by the connection and component models is analysed and alternative production plans are searched. If such an alternative plan exists, it is transmitted to the control of the system. Otherwise, an error that the system is not reconfigurable is returned.
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Mueller, John. « Hoplolaimus columbus : a prime candidate for site-specific management in cotton and soybean production. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 80–86. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This paper focuses on the economic importance, host range, geographical distribution, damage symptoms and biology and life cycle of Hoplolaimus columbusinfesting cotton and soyabean in South Carolina, USA. Information on this pest to other nematodes and pathogens, the efficacy and optimization of some recommended integrated nematode management strategies and future outlook and research requirements in nematode control are also presented.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Productive symptoms"
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Meor Hashim, Meor M., M. Hazwan Yusoff, M. Faris Arriffin, Azlan Mohamad, Dalila Gomes, Majo Jose et Tengku Ezharuddin Tengku Bidin. « Utilizing Artificial Neural Network for Real-Time Prediction of Differential Sticking Symptoms ». Dans International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21221-ms.
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Abstract Stuck pipe is one of the leading causes of non-productive time (NPT) while drilling. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to predict and avoid stuck pipe issues. In this paper, a model based on ML to predict and prevent stuck pipe related to differential sticking (DS) is presented. The stuck pipe indicator is established by detecting and predicting abnormalities in the drag signatures during tripping and drilling activities. The solution focuses on detecting differential sticking risk via assessing hookload signatures, based on previous experience from historical wells. Therefore, selecting the proper training set has proven to be a crucial stage of model development, especially considering the challenges in data quality. The model is trained with historical wells with and without differential sticking issues. The solution is based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The model is designed to provide users, i.e., driller or monitoring specialist, a warning whenever a risk is identified. Since multi-step forecasting is used, the warning is given with enough time for the driller or monitoring specialist to evaluate which preventative action or intervention is necessary. The warnings are provided typically between 30 minutes and 4 hours ahead. The model validation includes the performance metrics and a confusion matrix. Practical cases with real-time wells are also provided. The ML model was proven robust and practical with our data sets, for both historical and live wells. The huge amount of data produced while drilling holds valuable information and when smartly fed into an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model, it can prevent NPT such as stuck pipe events as demonstrated in this paper.
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Proctor, Cecile J., Danie A. Beaulieu, Anthony J. Reiman et Lisa A. Best. « LIVING WELL AFTER CANCER : THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PRODUCTIVE LEISURE ». Dans International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact029.
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"It is now recognized that the ""cancer experience"" extends beyond diagnosis, treatment, and end-of-life care. Relative to individuals who have not faced a cancer diagnosis, cancer survivors report increased mental health concerns and lowered physical and psychological well-being (Langeveld et al., 2004). Health-related quality of life encompasses overall physical (e.g., energy, fatigue, pain, etc.) and psychological functioning (e.g., emotional well-being, etc.), as well as general health perceptions (Hays & Morales, 2001). Nayak and colleagues (2017) reported that 82.3% of cancer patients had below-average quality of life scores, with the lowest scores found in the general, physical, and psychological well-being domains. Research suggests that various positive lifestyle variables, including social connectedness, leisure activity, and mindfulness practices are associated with increased quality of life in cancer patients (Courtens et al., 1996; Fangel et al., 2013; Garland et al., 2017). In this study, 350 cancer survivors completed an online questionnaire package that included a detailed demographic questionnaire with medical and online support and leisure activity questions. Additional measures were included to assess quality of life (QLQ-C30; Aaronson et al., 1993), social connectedness (Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, SELSA-S; DiTommaso et al., 2004), and mindfulness (Adolescent and Adult Mindfulness Scale, AAMS; Droutman et al., 2018). Results show that increased QOL is predicted by increased medical support, lower family loneliness, self-acceptance, and engaging in a variety of leisure activities. Encouraging family support, including the patient in the decision-making process, encouraging a variety of physically possible leisure activities, and normalizing negative emotions surrounding diagnosis and disease symptoms are all ways that overall QoL can be improved."
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Meor Hashim, Meor M., M. Hazwan Yusoff, M. Faris Arriffin, Azlan Mohamad, Tengku Ezharuddin Tengku Bidin et Dalila Gomes. « Case Studies for the Successful Deployment of Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator in Wells Real Time Centre ». Dans International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21199-ms.
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Abstract The restriction or inability of the drill string to reciprocate or rotate while in the borehole is commonly known as a stuck pipe. This event is typically accompanied by constraints in drilling fluid flow, except for differential sticking. The stuck pipe can manifest based on three different mechanisms, i.e. pack-off, differential sticking, and wellbore geometry. Despite its infrequent occurrence, non-productive time (NPT) events have a massive cost impact. Nevertheless, stuck pipe incidents can be evaded with proper identification of its unique symptoms which allows an early intervention and remediation action. Over the decades, multiple analytical studies have been attempted to predict stuck pipe occurrences. The latest venture into this drilling operational challenge now utilizes Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in forecasting stuck pipe risk. An ML solution namely, Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator (WASP), is developed to tackle this specific challenge. The solution leverages on real-time drilling database and supplementary engineering design information to estimate proxy drilling parameters which provide active and impartial pattern recognition of prospective stuck pipe events. The solution is built to assist Wells Real Time Centre (WRTC) personnel in proactively providing a holistic perspective in anticipating potential anomalies and recommending remedial countermeasures before incidents happen. Several case studies are outlined to exhibit the impact of WASP in real-time drilling operation monitoring and intervention where WASP is capable to identify stuck pipe symptoms a few hours earlier and provide warnings for stuck pipe avoidance. The presented case studies were run on various live wells where restrictions are predicted stands ahead of the incidents. Warnings and alarms were generated, allowing further analysis by the personnel to verify and assess the situation before delivering a precautionary procedure to the rig site. The implementation of the WASP will reduce analysis time and provide timely prescriptive action in the proactive real-time drilling operation monitoring and intervention hub, subsequently creating value through cost containment and operational efficiency.
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Geekiyanage, Suranga C. H., Adrian Ambrus et Dan Sui. « Feature Selection for Kick Detection With Machine Learning Using Laboratory Data ». Dans ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95496.
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Abstract Conventional kick detection methods mainly include monitoring pit gains, surface flow data (flow in and flow out), surface and down-hole pressure variations, and outputs from physics-based models. Kick detection times depend on a driller’s individual ability to interpret these drilling measurements, symptoms and model predictions. Furthermore, testing a novel data-driven solution in a full-scale operation may induce non-productive time, safety risks and crew fatigue adding to false alarms that inevitably occur during testing. Therefore, the development of better, faster and less human intervention-dependent kick detection on a laboratory scale system is a valuable step before full-scale testing. We have generated a dataset containing seven typical drilling measurements and a sequence of gas kicks from experiments conducted in the laboratory scale. First, we employ data analysis tools following data pre-processing steps, data scaling, outlier detection, and natural feature selection. Next, we consider additional “engineered features” and apply different feature combinations to logistic regression with an ensemble method (boosting) for developing kick detection algorithms. In our data analysis, ‘Delta flow’ (difference between flow in and flow out of the well) and ‘Rate of change of delta flow’ designed features, combined with logistic regression and boosting, give promising results in detecting kicks. Finally, we propose an intelligent algorithm and alarm architecture for a complete kick alarm system, which draws from both data analysis and machine learning models developed in this work.
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Brlansky, R. H. « Update on Huanglongbing Progression and Current Research in Florida ». Dans ASME 2009 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2009-5501.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease has been in Florida since at least 2005 and has spread to all of the citrus producing regions. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is the insect that transmits the suspected causal bacterium which is tentatively named Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Symptoms of the disease are first the yellow shoot (huanglongbing) and the development of the blotchy mottle symptom in the leaves. Mineral deficiency symptoms are often found on infected trees and may mimic normal deficiency symptoms. Fruit on infected trees may be small and lopsided and may abscise prematurely and therefore productivity is reduced. Tree decline eventually occurs. The suspected causal bacterium has not been obtained in pure culture and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test along with symptoms, is the only way to verify infected trees. All citrus cultivars appear susceptible. Current management strategies are chemical and biological control to reduced psyllid populations, inspections for infected trees and removal of infected trees to reduce the available pathogen inoculum. Current research on psyllid control, psyllid transmission, symptomology, detection, culturing the causal agent, development of new detection methods, alternative hosts of the psyllid and the causal agent, physiology of the disease, resistant or tolerant cultivar development and more is discussed. HLB is a major problem for citrus production and often limits commercial production. Paper published with permission.
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Vele, Kimberly, Jessica Cavalli et Anita Cservenka. « Effort-Based Decision Making and Self-Reported Apathy in Frequent Cannabis Users and Healthy Controls ». Dans 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.28.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Cannabis use rates have been escalating in recent years within the United States, and the effects of cannabis on motivation and effort-based decision making have been of increased interest. Amotivational syndrome is a term used to refer to lack of motivation, passive personality, non-productive behavior, and lower educational attainment related to chronic cannabis use. However, past literature has reported mixed findings for the effects of cannabis on motivation across both behavioral and self-report studies; therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the association between frequent cannabis use, motivated behavior, and self-reported apathy in individuals 18 years and older. Methods: Cannabis users who reported, on average, 3 or more days/week of cannabis use over the past year, and healthy controls who reported once/month or less cannabis use over the past year were recruited. Participants withheld from substance use 12 hours prior to the study visit. They completed a breathalyzer test, urine toxicology screen, the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), and the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), a computerized button-pressing task that measures effort-based decision making whereby individuals must increase effort for monetary reward. There were no significant differences between groups on any demographic characteristics except for past 30-day alcohol use (p = 0.001), and depression scores (p = 0.005; determined by the Beck Depression Inventory-II), which were both greater in cannabis users relative to healthy controls. A repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the effects of Group, reward magnitude, probability, and their interaction on hard task selections on the EEfRT, controlling for alcohol and depressive symptoms. A separate ANCOVA examined between-group differences on the AES with the same covariates. Results: The main results indicated that relative to healthy controls, cannabis users were significantly more likely to select hard tasks on the EEfRT regardless of reward magnitude or probability of winning the reward (p = 0.014, partial η2=0.10). Self-reported apathy was higher in cannabis users relative to controls (p = 0.02), but after controlling for alcohol use and depressive symptoms, these group differences were no longer significant (p = 0.46). Furthermore, the number of hard task selections on the EEfRT was not significantly related to self-reported apathy in cannabis users (p = 0.68), or healthy controls (p = 0.52). Conclusions: These findings indicate that cannabis users exhibit a greater likelihood of exerting more effort for reward, suggesting enhanced motivation relative to healthy controls. Thus, the current results do not support the amotivation hypothesis in adult frequent cannabis users. Despite some harms of frequent cannabis use, amotivation may not be among them.
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Yusoff, Mohamad Hazwan, Meor Muhammad Hakeem Meor Hashim, Muhammad Hadi Hamzah, Muhammad Faris Arriffin et Azlan Mohamad. « Leveraging on Machine Learning Solution for Pioneering Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator in Real Time Centre ». Dans IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201037-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Stuck pipe incidents remain as one of the major problems in the drilling industry. The incidents will lead to expensive loss time in daily spread cost, bottom hole assembly cost, sidetracking cost as well as fishing cost. The Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe (WASP) Indicator, a state-of-the-art machine learning technology that seamlessly integrates with PETRONAS existing technologies, is introduced as the stuck pipe prevention detection system for the company. Historical real-time drilling data and stuck pipe incidents reports between 2007 and 2019 are used for the development of machine learning models. The models utilize key drilling parameters such as hookload and equivalent circulating density (ECD) to predict and analyze trends to detect any signature pattern anomalies for various stuck pipe events. The prediction and alarm are displayed in real-time monitoring software to trigger the operation team for prompt intervention. The WASP solution has demonstrated proven outcomes using historical and live well with high confidence in detecting stuck pipe incidents due to differential sticking, hole cleaning, and wellbore geometry. The WASP Indicator is envisaged to provide the company with cutting edge advantages in the industry. It is expected that the system will reduce the identification period and improve the reaction time of the monitoring specialists in recognizing the stuck pipe symptoms and highlighting potential incidents. The system is also bringing value to the company via non-productive time (NPT) cost avoidance and identification of early onset of various stuck pipe events based on distinct mechanisms. With the system, the existing portfolio value can be enhanced via setting dynamic trends and models into historical experiences context. The WASP Indicator is aspired to be the forefront innovation that will leap through the norm and lead the region in a greater plan of drilling automation system.
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Richard, Bobbywadi, M. Sazani Saarani, Suhaimi Sulaiman, Meor M. Hakeem Meor Hashim, M. Faris Arriffin et Rohaizat Ghazali. « Delivering Proactive Real Time Drilling Decision for Extended Reach Drilling Well via Dynamic Trend-Based Monitoring System ». Dans SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210777-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Today's oil and gas drilling operations often face significant technical challenges, especially in remote locations with increasingly difficult geological settings. Stuck pipe incidents have become a major operational challenge for the exploration and production industry, with events typically resulting in substantial amounts of lost time and associated costs. Real-time monitoring has emerged as an important tool to achieve drilling optimization in avoiding downtime, particularly stuck pipe incidents. With the addition of a predictive monitoring system, this process becomes much more effective and competent. Predictive monitoring is used for advanced real-time monitoring in Wells Real Time Center (WRTC) and operational workflows to aid in the drilling execution of complex or critical well sections. The emphasis will be on reducing the complexity of real-time data analysis by utilizing trends and deviations between modelled and actual data to monitor wellbore conditions. This monitoring system and trend-based predictive capability enable drilling teams to detect borehole changes and take preventive action up to several hours in advance. By maximizing productive time, it improves operational efficiency. Predictive monitoring can provide early warning of stuck pipe symptoms, allowing the rig and operations team to take corrective and step-by-step actions. In raw drilling data, the conditions that lead to the stuck pipe can be difficult to read and detect. Various factors may indicate potential problems, but these are frequently missed until the situation has progressed to the point where the drill string becomes stuck. This system could have provided the rig crew with advance notice of changes in downhole conditions, in this case, avoiding the stuck pipe situation. We will look into predictive monitoring adoption in Field B operation as an example. Well E is a highly deviated extended reach well (ERD), with a 12,000ft long horizontal section, exceptionally challenging in terms of geomechanics perspective as well as the well design. When original Well E was drilled, a stuck pipe was encountered which caused the wellbore to be sidetracked. Predictive monitoring was implemented to assist drilling operation for the sidetracked well, and it had been completed successfully with minor hole condition issues. The predictive monitoring system is built around a trio of tightly coupled real-time dynamic models consisting of hydraulic, mechanical, and thermodynamic that simulate the wellbore state and physical processes during drilling operations. These models work together continuously to assess drilling performance, borehole conditions, and any other associated risks. It uses dynamic modelling to accurately model key drilling parameters and variables such as hook load, surface torque, cuttings transport, tank volumes, standpipe pressure, and equivalent circulating density (ECD) in real-time.
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Meor Hashim, Meor M., M. Hazwan Yusoff, M. Faris Arriffin, Azlan Mohamad, Tengku Ezharuddin Tengku Bidin et Dalila Gomes. « Performance Improvement of Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator via Model Evaluations ». Dans International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21455-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The advancement of technology in this era has long profited the oil and gas industry by means of shrinking non-productive time (NPT) events and reducing drilling operational costs via real-time monitoring and intervention. Nevertheless, stuck pipe incidents have been a big concern and pain point for any drilling operations. Real-time monitoring with the aid of dynamic roadmaps of drilling parameters is useful in recognizing potential downhole issues but the initial stuck pipe symptoms are often minuscule in a short time frame hence it is a challenge to identify it in time. Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator (WASP) is a data-driven method leveraging historical drilling data and auxiliary engineering information to provide an impartial trend detection of impending stuck pipe incidents. WASP is a solution set to tackle the challenge. The solution is anchored on Machine Learning (ML) models which assess real-time drilling data and compute the risk of potential stuck pipe based on drilling activities, probable stuck pipe mechanisms, and operation time. The output of the analysis is built on a warning and alarm system that can be utilized by the engineers to refine and optimize the well construction activities; tackling the stuck pipe issue before it manifests. This solution is evaluated by comparing historical and real-time drilling parameters with the prediction data to generate an error analysis. On top of that, a confusion matrix is tabulated based on the analysis of warnings and alarms raised by the solution to rule out Type 1 and Type 2 errors. The WASP solution has demonstrated tolerably accurate predictions of drilling parameters with minimal warnings and alarms error. With the solution, the stuck pipe issue can be identified hours earlier before the actual stuck pipe was reported in the historical well. It is a powerful tool with the capability to pinpoint possible stuck pipe mechanisms for engineer's immediate analysis and intervention. Value creation from the WASP solution has been massive with a reduction in manhours of analysis, potential NPT events, and unexpected operational costs. Data-driven techniques are effective in preventing stuck pipe incidents and will be scalable to tackle other downhole issues such as loss of circulation, well control, and borehole instability.
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Nishanov, Akhram, Gulomjon Djuraevb, Malika Khasanova, Saidqul Saparov et Fazilbek Zaripov. « Algorithm of diagnostics of medical datas based on symptom complexes ». Dans Computer Applications for Management and Sustainable Development of Production and Industry (CMSD2022), sous la direction de Arthur Gibadullin et Shahriyor Sadullozoda. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2669449.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Productive symptoms"
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Prusky, Dov, Lisa Vaillancourt et Robert Fluhr. Host Ammonification by Postharvest Pathogens and its Contribution to Fungal Colonization and Symptom Development. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592640.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables caused by pathogenic and saprophytic fungi significantly impairs the quality and quantity of fresh produce brought to market. Consequently, there is considerable interest in identifying factors that determine the susceptibility of these commodities to pathogen infection. Insidious postharvest decays remain quiescent during fruit growth and harvest, but activate during the postharvest period. A key response to the physiological changes occurring during fruit ripening is the initiation of ammonium secretion by the pathogen. Ammonium ions at the infection site (ammonification) have subsequent effects on both the pathogen and the host. An accompanying alkalinization process resulting from ammonia accumulation contributes to pathogenicity, since some important fungal virulence factors, (such as pectate lyase in Colletotrichum sp.), are significantly expressed only under alkaline conditions. In this proposal, investigated the mechanisms by which ammonification and alkalinization of infected tissues by the pathogen affect the host’s defense response to fungal attack, and instead increase compatibility during postharvest pathogen-host interactions. Our hypotheses were:1) that host signals, including ripening-related changes, induce secretion of ammonia by the pathogen; 2) that ammonia accumulation, and the resultant environmental alkalinization regulate the expression of fungal virulence genes that are essential for postharvest rot development; 3) that ammonification enhanced fungal colonization, by “suppression of host responses”, including production of reactive oxygen species, activation of superoxide, and polyphenol oxidase production. Our objectives were: to analyze: 1) factor(s) which activate the production and secretion of ammonia by the fungus; 2) fungal gene(s) that play role(s) in the ammonification process; 3) the relationship between ammonification and the activation of host defense response(s) during pathogen colonization; and 4) analyze hostgene expression in alkalinized regions of fruits attacked by hemibiotrophic fungi.
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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa et Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.
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Coplin, David, Isaac Barash et Shulamit Manulis. Role of Proteins Secreted by the Hrp-Pathways of Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pv. gypsophilae in Eliciting Water-Soaking Symptoms and Initiating Galls. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580675.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many bacterial pathogens of plants can inject pathogenicity proteins into host cells using a specialized type III secretion system encoded by hrpgenes. This system deliver effector proteins, into plant cells that function in both susceptible and resistant interactions. We have found that the virulence of Erwinia stewartii(Es; syn. Pantoea stewartii) and Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (Ehg, syn. Pantoea agglomerans), which cause Stewart's wilt of corn and galls on Gypsophila, respectively, depends on hrpgenes. The major objectives of this project were: To increase expression of hrpgenes in order to identify secreted proteins; to identify genes for proteins secreted by the type-III systems and determine if they are required for pathogenicity; and to determine if the secreted proteins can function within eukaryotic cells. We found that transcription of the hrp and effector genes in Es and Ehg is controlled by at least four genes that constitute a regulatory cascade. Environmental and/or physiological signaling appears to be mediated by the HrpX/HrpY two component system, with HrpX functioning as a sensor-kinase and HrpY as a response regulator. HrpYupregulateshrpS, which encodes a transcriptional enhancer. HrpS then activates hrpL, which encodes an alternate sigma factor that recognizes "hrp boxes". All of the regulatory genes are essential for pathogenicity, except HrpX, which appears only to be required for induction of the HR in tobacco by Es. In elucidating this regulatory pathway in both species, we made a number of significant new discoveries. HrpX is unusual for a sensor-kinase because it is cytoplasmic and contains PAS domains, which may sense the redox state of the bacterium. In Es, a novel methyl-accepting protein may function upstream of hrpY and repress hrp gene expression in planta. The esaIR quorum sensing system in Es represses hrp gene expression in Es in response to cell-density. We have discovered six new type III effector proteins in these species, one of which (DspE in Ehg and WtsE in Es) is common to both pathogens. In addition, Es wtsG, which is a homolog of an avrPpiB from P. syringae pv. pisi, and an Ehg ORF, which is a homolog of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola AvrPphD, were both demonstrated to encode virulence proteins. Two plasmidborne, Ehg Hop proteins, HsvG and PthG, are required for infection of gypsophilia, but interestingly, PthG also acts as an Avr elicitor in beets. Using a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (cyaA) reporter gene, we were successful in demonstrating that an HsvG-CyaA fusion protein can be transferred into human HeLa cells by the type-III system of enteropathogenic E. coli. This is a highly significant accomplishment because it is the first direct demonstration that an effector protein from a plant pathogenic bacterium is capable of being translocated into a eukaryotic cell by a type-III secretion system. Ehg is considered a limiting factor in Gypsophila production in Israel and Stewart’s Wilt is a serious disease in the Eastern and North Central USA, especially on sweet corn in epidemic years. We believe that our basic research on the characterization of type III virulence effectors should enable future identification of their receptors in plant cells. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering resistant plants by modifying their receptors or inactivating effectors and thus blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, hrp gene regulation might also provide a target for plant produced compounds that interfere with recognition of the host by the pathogen. Such strategies would be broadly applicable to a wide range of serious bacterial diseases on many crops throughout the USA and Israel.
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Woodson, William, Shimon Mayak et Haim Rabinowitch. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613011.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.
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Levin, Ilan, John W. Scott, Moshe Lapidot et Moshe Reuveni. Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594406.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.
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Antignus, Yehezkiel, Ernest Hiebert, Shlomo Cohen et Susan Webb. Approaches for Studying the Interaction of Geminiviruses with Their Whitefly Vector Bemisia tabaci. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604928.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The DNA of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCB) was detected in its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, by dot spot hybridization as early as 1 h after acquisition access. The retention of the virus nucleic acid in the vector was at least 23 days after a 48 h acquisition access. However, the retention of TYLCV coat protein did not exceed 10 days. No replicative forms of TYLCV could be detected in B. tabaci, indicating a non-propagative relationship with the vector. Whiteflies were not able to accumulate naked virion ssDNA, virus cloned dsDNA, or virions with impaired coat protein. Deletion, frameshift, and single amino acid mutations were inserted into open reading frames (ORFs) V1 and V2 (Coat protein) of TYLCV. The ability of these mutants to replicate, to spread and to induce symptoms was tested both in leaf disks and in intact plants. No replication was found in tissues that were infected with a deletion mutant that lacked the carboxy half of the coat protein gene. Residual amounts of ssDNA and dsDNA were detected i tissues infected with a frameshift mutant in which an early termination at the extreme part of the protein. Two other mutants in which a single amino acid was changed in the overlapping part of V1 and V2 were able to spread systemically but infections remained symptomless and the production of ssDNA and dsDNA were significantly lower. These mutants were acquired and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Procedures for the the dissection, fixation and embedding of whiteflies were developed. The anatomy and ultrastructure of the salivary gland and the midgut of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (a vector and non-vector of geminiviruses respectively) was studied and described. Monoclonal antibodies against bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) with narrow and broad spectrum were prepared. Transmission studies of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoV) by B. tabaci were carried out. These studies were essential for a further work aimed to understand the interaction of geminiviruses with the insect and their localization in its tissues. To enable the production of transgenic plants procedures were developed for tomato transformation with both Agrobacterium and microparticle bombardment.
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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai et Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods : induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
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Pesis, Edna, et Mikal Saltveit. Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration : Acetaldehyde and Ethanol. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604923.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.
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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao et Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Semaan, Dima, et Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].