Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Productive symptom »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Productive symptom"
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LeBlanc, Matthew Roger, Thomas William LeBlanc et Sophia Kustas Smith. « A prototype mobile application to improve communication about symptom management. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no 31_suppl (1 novembre 2019) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.27.
Texte intégralRésumé :
27 Background: Cancer patients report many physical and emotional symptoms which can go unreported and underestimated resulting in unmet needs. Research suggests systematic collection of symptom data is associated with decreased emergency department use, increased quality of life, treatment toleration and overall survival. The multiple myeloma (MM) patient population is noted to have high symptom burden and represent an important target for intervention. This project aimed to develop a prototype app to facilitate MM patient/clinician communication about symptom management. Methods: 15 MM patients and 11 MM clinicians were interviewed to better understand patients’ symptom experience and management practices and preferences. Insights gained guided development of a prototype MM Coach mobile app. The think aloud protocol and cognitive interviewing were used to test usability and the prototype was iteratively refined. Results: Subjects highlighted a need for better symptom tracking over time, medication adherence tools, and real-time feedback to help patients self-manage symptoms. Our prototype app contains several modules designed to facilitate MM patient symptom management. 1) Track Symptoms; Using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale patients track bothersome symptoms whenever they occur. 2) Track Medications; Patients can set up medication alerts and log medication use. 3) Track Mood; Patients record and track their distress level using the Distress Thermometer. 4) Relaxation Tools; This module contains a number of useful mind body activities such as guided imagery. 5) Get Support; Links to MM and non-MM related sources of support. 6) Prepare for Appointments; This module facilitates patients’ prioritizing issues to facilitate productive clinical encounters. 7) Insights; Patients and clinicians can review trends in symptom burden and medication adherence. 8) Learn; Educational content on topics relevant to MM symptoms such as pain, fatigue, depression. Conclusions: Our team is currently working with mobile app developers to build a version for the iOS AppStore and Android GooglePlay store. A pilot will be conducted to evaluate acceptability and feasibility in preparation for a clinical trial.
2
Syed, Azfar Shahid, Rhonda E. Colombo, Bakhtiar S. Syed et Peter M. Henning. « Treatment-resistant cough : a rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease involving the larynx ». BMJ Case Reports 13, no 11 (novembre 2020) : e237614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237614.
Texte intégralRésumé :
IgG4-related autoimmune diseases (IgG4 RD) are a relatively recently recognised group of disease processes that can affect multiple organ systems and result in protean symptoms. Here, we present a rare case of a 69-year-old man with a history of IgG4 RD affecting his lacrimal gland and pancreas who developed symptoms of severe laryngitis not responsive to usual therapy. He presented with non-productive cough, hoarseness and dyspnoea. Imaging findings suggestive of aortitis and laryngeal inflammation in the setting of his IgG4 RD history prompted treatment with rituximab, which resulted in resolution of his laryngeal symptoms. Subsequently, his cough returned and he required periodic rituximab infusions to stay symptom-free. IgG4 RD of the larynx is an uncommonly reported manifestation in literature. This disease is very responsive to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment. IgG4 RD should be considered in patients with airway symptoms that are especially refractory to usual therapy.
3
Wing, J. K. « The Concept of Negative Symptoms ». British Journal of Psychiatry 155, S7 (novembre 1989) : 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s000712500029140x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a recent edition of the Schizophrenia Bulletin devoted to negative symptoms, the editor suggested at the beginning of his preface that what he called the “positive–negative symptom distinction” had been introduced into psychiatry only a decade previously (Levine, 1985). Many authors in the same volume seemed to agree with him; at least they did not emphasise any continuity with earlier work. There were a few notable exceptions. Since, for more than 30 years, I have seen the relationship between psychological deficit (cognitive defect, negative syndrome) and the productive (florid, positive) symptoms as lying at the heart of the mystery of schizophrenia, it seemed possible that some account of how that interest arose and developed might still be timely. This is part of the history of the Social Psychiatry Research Unit of the Medical Research Council.
4
Diwakar, Deepak K., Nikita Wadhwani, Nisha Rana et Shivani Paruthy. « Parathyroid microadenoma as a cause of chronic intractable cough ». International Surgery Journal 6, no 6 (28 mai 2019) : 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20192402.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chronic non-productive cough is one of the most common non-specific symptom with multiple etiologies and is treated non-surgically. Rarely, it can be caused by anatomical causes. We present a case of parathyroid microadenoma presenting with chronic intractable cough and dysphagia, diagnosed after a battery of tests and failed treatments and cured by a simple parathyroidectomy.
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Hunt, Richard H., Surinder Dhaliwal, Gervais Tougas, Carmen Pedro, Jean-Francois Labbé, Heidi Paul et Michael Ennamorato. « Prevalence, Impact and Attitudes Toward Lower Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Sensory Symptoms, and Their Treatment in Canada : A Descriptive Study ». Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no 1 (2007) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/642959.
Texte intégralRésumé :
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the general Canadian population, and to explore patient satisfaction with traditional therapies and the level of patient interest in new treatments.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Stage 1: A telephone survey of a weighted sample of 1000 adults (18 years of age or older) was conducted to determine the prevalence of five GI symptoms – abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation or constipation with occasional diarrhea -- that were present for 12 weeks or more (not necessarily consecutive) over the past year. Respondents with only abdominal pain were excluded. Stage 2: A telephone survey of 689 women (18 to 64 years of age), experiencing the GI symptoms described in stage 1, was conducted to assess symptom impact and treatment satisfaction.RESULTS: Overall, 5.2% of the Canadian population (2.3% men and 7.9% women) experienced one or more lower GI symptoms (excluding those reporting abdominal pain alone). In stage 2, 26.2% of respondents had previously been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Overall, 78.1% of participants experienced two or more symptoms. Bloating was the most common symptom (75.3%) and abdominal pain the most bothersome and most severe. Over the previous three months, 13.2% of respondents missed work or school and 28.8% were less productive. At least one physician (average of 2.2 physicians) was consulted for symptoms in 80.9% of respondents. Of the 63.8% women receiving treatment, most used nonprescription products. Patients receiving prescription treatments for constipation were most often dissatisfied (75%).CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal pain and discomfort, bloating and constipation are common, frequently occurring symptoms in the Canadian population and have a high burden on work performance and health care seeking. Most patients were dissatisfied with traditional therapies.
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Dhalaigh, Doireann Ni, Anna Marie Greaney et Dawn Farrell. « Inflammatory bowel disease fatigue : an analysis of definitions, risk factors and impact and their implications for assessment and management ». Gastrointestinal Nursing 18, no 5 (2 juin 2020) : 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2020.18.5.42.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Fatigue is an insufficiently understood, assessed and managed symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim and method: A literature review using concept analysis was carried out to determine the definitions, risk factors and impact of IBD fatigue and their implications for assessment and management. Findings: The findings suggest that IBD fatigue may be defined as ‘a multifactorial, multidimensional feeling of mental and/or physical weariness, which varies in frequency and severity. It can be overwhelming and is not typically relieved by rest or sleep.’ Conclusions: This definition of IBD fatigue should help patients and clinicians recognise the significance of this symptom and begin a productive dialogue on more effective assessment and management.
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Wajpeyi, Sadhana Misar, Manish Deshmukh et Nandini Bhojraj. « Efficacy of Bibhitakavaleha in Management of Kaphaja Kasa with special reference to Chronic Bronchitis ». International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no 2 (3 juillet 2020) : 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1458.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Kasa is the disease of Pranavaha strotas. It may develop as an independent disease, symptom or complication. In Kaphaja Kasa Kasavega is associated with Bahala Ghana Nishtivana. It can be correlated with Chronic Bronchitis due to similarities of signs and symptoms. Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by productive cough associated with sputum for at least 3 consecutive months for more than two successive years. The initial symptoms are repeated attacks of productive cough which shows a steady increase in severity during the winter months and present all the year round with recurrent respiratory infections. Ayurveda described many herbomineral formulations for management of Kasa. One such formulation Bibhitakavaleha is mentioned in Gadanigraha, which consists of Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica Roxb.), Gomutra (Cow urine) and Madhu (Honey). Methods: In this case series 30 patients having classical symptoms of Kaphaja Kasa were treated with Bibhitakavaleha 10gm twice a day with lukewarm water for 15 days with the aim to prove the efficacy of it in the management of Kaphaja Kasa. Subjective criteria like Kasavega, Kasa nishtiva, Shwaskricchrata, Peenas, Shirshool and Aruchi with Laboratory parameters like TLC (Total Leukocyte Count), Neutrophils, Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) and ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) were assessed before and after treatment. Result: Significant improvement was observed in all parameters after treatment. Bibhitaki possesses Kashaya Rasa, Madhura Vipaka, Ushna Veerya & Laghu, Ruksha Guna which plays a major role in relieving Kasa. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that Kaphaja Kasa can be effectively treated with Bibhitakavaleha.
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Mishchenko, O. Ya. « Mucoactive phytopreparations with ivy extract in pediatrics : efficacy, safety and economic feasibility ». Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no 7(111) (29 novembre 2020) : 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2020.111.53.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Acute bronchitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory tract which occurs at any age. The main symptom of acute bronchitis is non-productive (dry) or productive (wet) cough. The main goal in treating acute bronchitis with productive cough is to increase expectoration, including with the help of mucoactive drugs. In clinical practice, herbal medicines are increasingly used to eliminate symptoms of the disease and to suppress inflammation. The advantage of herbal coughs medicines is that various compounds of herbal ingredients are able to enhance the desired effects and neutralize side effects. Among the numerous expectorant herbal preparations, only a few, namely, preparations of common ivy, thyme and primrose, have the most complex effect: they increase mucus secretion and motility, reduce respiratory tract tone and inhibit inflammation. A comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of medicines based on ivy extract in the form of syrup which are available on the pharmaceutical market showed that treatment with Gederin Ivy Syrup is the optimal from a pharmacoeconomic point of view. The combination of such effects of ivy extract in the preparation Gederin Ivy, as expectorant (mucokinetic and secretolytic), bronchospasmolytic and anti-inflammatory, predetermines its pronounced clinical efficacy for the treatment of cough, as well as good tolerance, allow it to be widely used in the complex therapy of bronchitis in pediatric practice. The author declares no conflict of interest. Key words: mucoactive phytopreparations, ivy extract, efficiency, safety, economic feasibility.
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Kochiyeva, Marina. « Pathogenetic Treatment of Dry Cough ». Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no 9 (27 août 2020) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2009-08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Complaints of dry non-productive cough are one of the most common problems that patients come to a GP with, especially in the cold and wet season [1]. It is a dry cough that is one of the coronavirus pathognomonic symptoms, but it can be indicative of the onset of a dozen other diseases. This symptom is not an independent pathology, its appearance is characteristic of the onset of a number of infectious and inflammatory processes, acute respiratory diseases, and allergic reactions. Dry cough can occur when a foreign body enters the upper respiratory tract and also indicate major problems in the respiratory system, and in some cases, the cardiovascular system. A dry cough is often the cause of sleep disorders, regularly recurring attacks can lead to the patient’s asthenisation and a significant life quality deterioration. Correct diagnosis plays a fundamental role in the choice of treatment tactics. Treatment of dry cough manifestations should be comprehensive and aimed at eliminating its causes, rather than symptoms.
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Estrutti, Carolina Martines, Gustavo San Martin Elexpe Cardoso, Maykon Anderson Pires de Novais, Enedina Maria Lobato de Oliveira et Denis Bernardi Bichuetti. « Employment status of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Brazil ». Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no 5 (mai 2019) : 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190051.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the employment status of Brazilians with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Analysis of a cross-sectional online survey including questions on demographic and occupational status at the time of diagnosis and survey completion, and time from the first symptom to diagnosis. Results: Of those who answered the survey, 804 Brazilians with MS were included. Median age of onset and current age were 28.3 and 36.2 years; median time to diagnosis and disease duration were 2.7 and 7.9 years; 67% held a university degree and 29% finished high school; 94% had a paid occupation contributing to the family income at least once in their lives, 77% were employed at the time of diagnosis but only 59% were employed at the time of survey. Longer disease duration, longer time to diagnosis and younger age at the first symptom, were identified as factors correlated with being unemployed. Conclusions: The rate of unemployment doubled after the first symptoms of MS, and only 59% of highly-educated people with MS in their productive years were employed. The longer time to diagnosis may imply treatment delay, and strategies focusing on early diagnosis and adequate treatment may favor employment retention and reduce disability related costs, such as social benefits and pension fund use.
Thèses sur le sujet "Productive symptom"
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RONCHI, ROBERTA. « Behavioural monitoring disorders in unilateral spatial neglect : productive symptoms and impaired awareness of disease ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19801.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This doctoral thesis investigates the relationships between disorders of behavioural monitoring (including “productive” behaviours and unawareness of neuropsychological deficits) and unilateral spatial neglect in right-brain-damaged patients.
One main monitoring disorder is recurrent perseveration, namely a “productive” motor symptom frequently found in target cancellation tasks: we demonstrate, in two specific tasks (Experiments 1 and 2), that the disposition of the stimuli and the type of target modulate its severity. Neglect patients showing perseveration in visuo-motor exploratory tests perseverate also in drawing tasks. No correlation between omission and perseveration errors is found, supporting the functional independence of the two deficits. In the context of a two-component hypothesis, perseveration (the first component) is a specific disorder that manifests in a variety of tasks, particularly those requiring serial graphic production; unilateral spatial neglect (the second component) may trigger and facilitate the production of perseveration errors. Moreover results indicate that patients with perseveration are not disproportionately impaired in tasks assessing executive, visuo-spatial short-term memory, and attentional functions, suggesting the specificity of the monitoring disorder associated with spatial neglect. Lesion analysis indicates damage to the right insula as a relevant neural correlate of perseverative behaviour.
Experiment 3 shows that perseverating patients produce a majority of substitution errors during a word reading task, suggesting that also this type of paralexic neglect error can be considered a “productive” manifestation.
The clinical, experimental and neural features of another monitoring deficit and “positive” manifestation referring to the personal space, “somatoparaphrenia”, are reviewed: somatoparaphrenia is a symptom usually associated with right-sided hemispheric lesions, most often characterized by a delusion of disownership of contralesional body parts. Possible pathological factors may include a deranged representation of the body concerned with ownership, mainly right-hemisphere-based, and deficits of multisensory integration.
Finally, Experiment 4 investigates anosognosia for unilateral spatial neglect by a quantitative assessment. Results indicate that unawareness for spatial attentional and representational deficits is not a pervasive disorder, and that some tasks can evoke different degrees of awareness. In addition, the scores assigned by neglect patients to their performance in spatial tasks are not modulated by the different conditions of the estimation tasks.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that: 1) “productive”, as “defective”, manifestations of unilateral spatial neglect are multifarious; 2) these “positive” phenomena are independent of general executive deficits and of the severity of the spatial neglect syndrome; 3) the neural bases of motor productive disorders included the right insula; 4) neglect patients are not globally anosognosic about their spatial defective performances.
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INVERNIZZI, PAOLA. « Productive symptoms in right brain damage : behavioural and anatomical observations ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28151.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis describes behavioural observations and anatomical investigations concerning productive symptoms observable in right brain damaged patients with spatial neglect. A "productive" symptom is defined here as a behavioural manifestation that, contrary to what observed when performance is lacking or its failure is acknowledged by patients, is characterized by the active generation of acts or verbal reports reflecting a distorted mental representation of reality.
A first classification of productive symptoms in neglect patients pertains the spatial frame of their manifestation, extrapersonal or personal. Following this classification, I examine these manifestations in separate sections of the thesis. Section 1 is dedicated to the peri/extrapersonal space, while, in Section 2, I focus on symptoms manifesting in the own bodily space.
In chapter 2, I concentrate on graphic perseveration in cancellation tasks, the main productive symptom observable for the extrapersonal space in neglect patients. Together with omission of left-sided targets, a variety of irrelevant marks over already cancelled targets on the ipsilesional side can be observed. It is not clear whether these perseverative behaviours are functionally and anatomically connected, nor whether they correlate with the severity of spatial neglect. We retrospectively identified two well-distinct forms of perseveration on cancellation tasks ("additional marks" and "inkblot") in 33 neglect patients, and we investigated their relationship with neglect severity and their anatomical correlates. We show, on both a behavioural and anatomical level, that different kinds of perseverative behaviours are differently related with neglect.
From chapter 3 onwards I concentrate on productive manifestations in personal space. One main such productive symptom is somatoparaphrenia, the delusional belief whereby a patient feels that a paralyzed limb does not belong to his body; the symptom is typically associated with unilateral neglect and most frequently with anosognosia for hemiplegia. In chapter 3, I describe the anatomical pattern associated with somatoparaphrenia in a wide sample of patients, and I propose that somatoparaphrenia occurs providing that a distributed cortical lesion pattern is present together with a subcortical lesion load that prevents most sensory input from being processed in neocortical structures.
In chapter 4, I also show how somatoparaphrenia, that, so far, has been often considered simply the most severe and delusional manifestation along a continuum of body disorders also including anosognosia for hemiplegia, can be also observed in isolation from this symptom. I report anatomical observations on a small group of pure somatoparaphrenic patients and discuss the implications of this uncommon symptomatological dissociation.
The experiments mentioned so far were based on classical anatomoclinical correlation inference. The study of productive/positive symptoms, however, would ideally need functional methods as well, in order to capture the neural correlates of the "active" component implied by the symptoms under investigation.
I present an initial attempt along these lines. I considered the delusional behaviour of patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP): this has been often classified as a “negative” symptom as patients crucially “lack” the awareness of the motor deficit. However, beyond this defective aspect, AHP is usually characterized by an active delusional component that manifests in the patients’ firm assertion of having performed a movement with the paralyzed limb, in spite of any clear evidence that no movement has actually occurred. In this case, one has to postulate the presence of a residual, and maybe misinterpreted, motor brain activity to account for this delusional component. Here I illustrate, for the first time, the missing direct imaging evidence that the illusory movement of the left plegic hand is associated with brain activation of intact cortical motor regions implicated in motor control and intention (see chapter 5). It is suggested that motor delusions observed in AHP depend on a combination of well placed lesions and the presence of some motor intentionality represented by residual activity within the spared motor cortices.
The diversity of the phenomena considered in this thesis makes it difficult to generalize anatomical considerations about productive manifestations associated with spatial neglect; yet, it is worth of notice the fact that all these disorders can be also conceptualized as self-monitoring disorders particularly related to motor/sensory control aspects in which the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus seems to play an important role. Indeed, we found it constantly involved in all the productive disorders considered, irrespective of whether defective monitoring was about the left plegic limb or the right intact one.
In addition, we find it promising the adoption of functional methods to gather a more complete description of the neural underpinnings of symptoms of great complexity like the productive ones.
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Jaglin, Mathilde. « Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d’indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112312/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le tube digestif héberge une communauté microbienne complexe, le microbiote intestinal, dont les capacités métaboliques sont plus riches et diversifiées que celles codées par le génome de l'hôte. L'implication du microbiote intestinal dans divers aspects de la physiologie de l'hôte, comme le métabolisme nutritionnel et l'immunité, est depuis longtemps étudiée. En revanche, l'action potentielle du microbiote sur le développement et le fonctionnement du cerveau constitue une nouvelle piste de recherche, encore peu explorée. Dans ce contexte, nous avons réalisé une première étude générale de l'action du microbiote intestinal sur le cerveau en comparant les fonctions sensori-motrices, le comportement de type anxieux, l'état d'activation de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien et le profil cérébral des monoamines de rats F344 axéniques et conventionnels. Les résultats révèlent que, chez cette lignée particulièrement sensible au stress, l'absence de microbiote intestinal exacerbe le comportement de type anxieux et la réponse hormonale au stress, et atténue le métabolisme dopaminergique cérébral. Afin d'étudier par quel moyen le microbiote peut agir sur le cerveau, une seconde étude a été menée, ciblant un métabolite bactérien spécifique, l’indole, dont certains dérivés oxydés par le foie sont connus pour avoir des propriétés neuroactives. L'indole est un métabolite naturel du microbiote intestinal, dont la surproduction pourrait survenir lors d'une dysbiose du microbiote. Deux cas de surproduction ont été modélisés : chronique et aiguë. Dans les deux cas, des modifications importantes du comportement de l'hôte ont été observées. En situation de surproduction chronique, l'indole favorise des comportements de type anxieux et dépressif, tandis qu'une surproduction aiguë a un effet sédatif marqué. D'un point de vue mécanistique, nous confirmons que l’indole peut agir sur le système nerveux central par la voie sanguine impliquant les dérivés oxydés et montrons pour la première fois qu'il peut aussi agir en activant les noyaux cérébraux du nerf vagueThe gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial community, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the host genome. The involvement of the gut microbiota in various aspects of the host physiology, such as the nutritional metabolism and the immunity, has long been studied. In contrast, the possible action of the gut microbiota on brain development and functioning is a new line of research, still poorly explored. In this context, we performed a first general study of the effect of gut microbiota on the brain by comparing the sensory-motor functions, the anxiety-like behaviour, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the brain monoamine profile in germ-free and conventional F344 rats. The results show that, in this particularly stress-sensitive strain, absence of gut microbiota exacerbates the anxiety-like behaviour and neuroendocrine response to stress, and reduces brain dopamine metabolism. To investigate the means by which the microbiota can affect the brain, a second study was conducted, targeting a specific bacterial metabolite, indole, whose oxidative derivatives, produced by the liver, are known to have neuroactive properties. Indole is a natural metabolite of the gut microbiota, whoseoverproduction could occur during a microbiota dysbiosis. Two conditions of overproduction, namely chronic and acute, were modelled. In both cases, significant changes in the behaviour of the host were observed. In chronic overproduction, indole promotes anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, while acute overproduction has a marked sedative effect. From a mechanistic point of view, we confirm that indole can act on the central nervous system through its oxidized derivatives and show for the first time that it can also act by activating the brain nuclei of the vagus nerve
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Oluwasina, Oluremi Isaac. « Maintenance improvement in the petrochemical industry / O.I. Oluwasina ». Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6936.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Technology is the answer to most of our human needs but every technology is often
accompanied by other challenges which often lead to the evolvement of another technology.
One of the technologies that have greatly impacted our world is that of energy development
out of which the petro–chemical industry is an important one.
The petro–chemical industry remains the main energy hub for our world today through ranges
of products coming from its ambit but not without its own challenges too. One of which is the
issue of breakdown or shut down which always require maintenance. Shutdown, many a
times, may be planned (annual, quarterly, condition–based, time–based, preventive and so on)
or unplanned (run–to–failure).
In any case, maintenance personnel (mechanical, electrical and instrument) must perform their
duties to fix it. In the process of fixing the equipment several factors affect the effectiveness
of the personnel. To improve maintenance activities, factors affecting its effectiveness should
be addressed. Some of the factors that are already been considered are; Overall Equipment
Effectiveness(OEE), Precision maintenance, Maintainability, Computerized Maintenance
Management System (CMMS), Work Order management, Equipment, Logistics, Process
optimization, Supply chain management, Maintenance strategies, Continuous Improvement
Hours and so on. (Taylor, 2000; Siemens.com, 2010)
Of those factors, many people hardly think of ergonomics as a factor of reckoning with
maintenance activities. Ergonomics is mostly thought of in relation to operators and office
workers.
According to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in U.S.A (2009),
ergonomic injuries are the most common cause of workplace illness and injury in the United
States. Back injuries and cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) such as carpal tunnel
syndrome, tendinitis, bursitis and epicondylitis form the majority of non–fatal occupational
injuries and illnesses, costing employers more than 12 billion dollars per year in lost work
time, workers compensation payments and medical expenses.
Of the cost implication of ergonomics ailment reported above, how much of it is related to
maintenance activities? Is there any relationship between maintenance activities andergonomics? In what direction is the relationship? positive or negative? How much is the
impact in either direction? If it is negative, how can we mitigate it? Finally, what are the
benefits, if any? These are some of the vital questions this dissertation is set to answer in
relation to: physical, somatic, medical, overhead cost, production down–time and personnel
morale.
To achieve the afore–mentioned, several research instruments were employed which include;
case studies, questionnaires, physical observations, interviews, literature reviews, internet
resources, journals and other sources (industry experts and professionals).
Relevant keywords and concepts were thoroughly researched in the literature review which
serves as a base for the dissertation.
Two hundred technical personnel (maintenance) serve as the population sample and
questionnaires were administered to them. Technical personnel with appreciable number of
years of experience occupying managerial positions were also interviewed. The outcomes of
all the interviews, observations and questionnaires were analysed and interpreted accordingly
to verify how ergonomics impact maintenance.
This dissertation based on findings, was able to establish that ergonomics impact the activities
of maintenance personnel culminated in proposing an E4M (Ergonomics for Maintenance)
assessor. The assessor alongside utilization guidelines and a training matrix will help to
effectively mitigate the impact of ergonomics on maintenance activities. There is room for
further development of the tool into a computer based package for real–time assessment and
mitigation.
The assessor and its instruments cannot work alone without the commitment of stake–holders
in the industry. That is why recommendations were included for effective application of the
tool.
The dissertation did not overlook the good works the industry has been doing in the area of
creating awareness about repetitive stress injuries among its workforce but only complement
its efforts in areas they might not look into. That is in a bid to improve the effectiveness of its
workforce which will directly increase productivity, profit and stakeholders confidence. On the other hand, it will reduce their indirect losses through; production down–time, medical
cost and over–head costs.
However, the application of the E4M assessor is not limited to the petro–chemical industry
only but finds its applicability in other industries like; manufacturing, aviation, automobile
and any other field where maintenance activities take place particularly in third world
countries.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Batista, Carla da Silva. « Efeitos do treinamento de força e do treinamento de força com instabilidade sobre os sintomas, funcionalidade, adaptações neuromusculares e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de parkinson : estudo controlado e randomizado ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-29042016-112750/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar os efeitos de 12 semanas do treinamento de força (TF) com o treinamento de força com instabilidade (TFI) nos desfechos clínicos, na capacidade de produção de força muscular, nos mecanismos inibitórios espinhais e no volume total de treinamento (VTT) de indivíduos entre os estágios 2 e 3 da doença de Parkinson (DP). Para tanto, 39 indivíduos (testados e treinados no estado \"on\" da medicação) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram randomizados em três grupos: grupo controle nenhum exercício (GC), grupo TF (GTF) e grupo TFI (GTFI). O GTF e o GTFI realizaram 12 semanas de TF orientado à hipertrofia, duas vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos. Apenas o GTFI adicionou acessórios de instabilidade (e.g., BOSU®) ao TF que progrediram dos menos para os mais instáveis. Antes e após as 12 semanas foram avaliados os seguintes desfechos: a) clínicos - mobilidade (desfecho primário), sintomas motores, comprometimento cognitivo, medo de cair, equilíbrio, desempenho da marcha (distância, cadência e velocidade) em condições de dupla tarefa e qualidade de vida; b) capacidade de produção de força muscular - raiz quadrada média (RMS), mean spike frequency (MSF) e retardo eletromecânico (REM) dos músculos vasto lateral, vasto medial e gastrocnêmio medial; pico de torque, taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (TDT) e tempo de meio relaxamento (TMR) dos músculos extensores do joelho e flexores plantares; uma repetição máxima (1RM) dos membros inferiores e área de secção transversa do músculo quadríceps femoral (ASTQ) e; c) mecanismos inibitórios espinhais - inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca do músculo sóleus. O VTT foi avaliado durante o protocolo experimental para os exercícios agachamento, flexão plantar e leg-press. Do pré ao pós-treinamento, somente o GTFI melhorou todos os desfechos clínicos (P<0,05), os desfechos da capacidade de produção de força muscular (P<0,05) com exceção do TMR dos músculos extensores de joelho (P=0.068) e melhorou os desfechos dos mecanismos inibitórios espinhais (P<0,05). Houve diferenças significantes entre o GTFI e o GC no pós-treinamento para os seguintes desfechos: mobilidade, comprometimento cognitivo, equilíbrio, desempenho na marcha em condições de dupla tarefa (distância, cadência e velocidade), RMS de todos os músculos avaliados, MSF do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, pico de torque e TDT dos flexores plantares, pico de torque dos extensores de joelho, 1RM dos membros inferiores e inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca (P<0,05). Além disso, o GTFI apresentou melhores valores do que o GTF para os seguintes desfechos: desempenho na marcha em condições de dupla tarefa (distância e velocidade), RMS do músculo vasto medial, MSF do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, TDT dos flexores plantares e inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca (P<0,05). O GTFI apresentou um menor VTT comparado ao GTF (P<0,05). Por fim, nenhum efeito adverso foi observado. Em conclusão, somente o TFI melhorou os desfechos clínicos e foi mais efetivo do que o TF em promover adaptações neuromusculares mesmo com um menor VTT. Assim, o TFI é recomendado como uma inovadora intervenção terapêutica para minimizar os declínios na mobilidade e em um amplo espectro de deficiências, sem causar efeitos adversos em indivíduos com DPThe aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the effects of 12 weeks of strength training (ST) with strength training with instability (STI) on clinical outcomes, muscle-force-production capacity, spinal inhibitory mechanisms and the total training volume (TTV) of individuals between stages 2 and 3 of Parkinson\'s disease (PD). For this, 39 individuals (assessed and trained in the clinically defined \"on\" state) met the inclusion criteria and were randomized into three groups: non-exercising control group (CG), ST group (STG) and STI group (STIG). The STG and STIG performed 12 weeks hypertrophy-oriented ST, twice a week, on non-consecutive days. Only STIG added unstable devices (e.g., BOSU®) to ST that progressed from the less to the more unstable devices. Before and after 12 weeks were assessed the following outcomes: a) clinical - mobility (primary outcome), motor symptoms, cognitive impairment, fear of falling, balance, dual-task gait performance (distance, cadence, and, velocity), and quality of life; b) muscle-force-production capacity - root mean square (RMS), mean spike frequency (MSF), and electromechanical delay (EMD) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius medialis; peak torque, rate of torque development (RTD) and half-relaxation time (HRT) of the knee-extensors and plantar flexors; one repetition maximum (1-RM) of the lower limbs and quadriceps cross sectional area (QCSA) and; c) spinal inhibitory mechanisms - presynaptic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition of the soleus muscle. The TTV for each lower limb exercise (half-squat, plantar flexion, and leg-press) was determined during the experimental protocol. From pre- to post-training, only the STIG improved all of the clinical outcomes (P <0.05), the muscle-force-production capacity outcomes (P <0.05) with exception of the HRT of the knee-extensors (P = 0.068) and, improved the spinal inhibitory mechanisms outcomes (P <0.05). There were differences between the STIG and the CG for the following outcomes: mobility, cognitive impairment, balance, dual-task gait performance (distance, cadence, and speed), RMS all of the muscles assessed, MSF of the gastrocnemius medialis, peak torque and RTD of the plantar flexor, peak torque of the knee-extensors, 1RM of the lower limbs, presynaptic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition at post-training (P <0.05). Moreover, the STIG showed better values than the STG for the following outcomes: dual-task gait performance (distance and speed), RMS of the vastus medialis, MSF of the gastrocnemius medialis, RTD of the plantar flexors, presynaptic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition at post-training (P <0.05). The STIG showed a lower TTV than the STG (P <0.05). Finally, no adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, only the STIG improved all of the clinical outcomes and it was more effective than the STG to promote neuromuscular adaptations even the STIG has had a lower TTV than the STG. Thus, STI is recommended as a novel therapeutic intervention to minimize declines in mobility and in a wide spectrum of impairments without causing adverse effects in individuals with PD
Livres sur le sujet "Productive symptom"
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Ferguson, Deborah Helen. Production of chimeric viral genomes for the analysis of tobraviral symptom determinants. Birmingham : University of Birmingham, 1998.
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Eliasson-Selling, Lena. Puberty and oestrous symptoms in gilts with special reference to the relationship with production traits. Uppsala : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1991.
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Nosachev, Igor', et Dmitriy Romanov. Semiotics of mental illness. General psychopathology. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The methodology and systematics of the diagnostic process in psychiatry are given, information is given about psychopathological symptoms and dynamics of the main productive and negative syndromes, including addictive, as well as the most significant forms of norm and pathology of personality. The leading features of clinical and psychopathological research in general psychopathology are substantiated.
The section "Symptomatology" reveals the psychological and clinical features of the main mental processes. The section "Syndromology" describes the clinical features of the main positive and negative syndromes, their features in children and adolescents.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for psychiatrists, psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists undergoing pre- and postgraduate training, students of higher medical and psychological educational institutions, interns, clinical residents, graduate students and doctors of related disciplines.
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Jones, Andrew M., et Rowland J. Bright-Thomas. Bronchiectasis. Sous la direction de Patrick Davey et David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0137.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bronchiectasis may be defined clinically as the chronic daily production of copious mucopurulent sputum. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by inflamed, thick-walled, dilated bronchi. Bronchiectasis has many potential underlying causes and associations with other diseases but in individual cases the underlying cause is often unknown. The typical symptom is cough with sputum. Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition; systemic complications are common and include tiredness, malaise, and weight loss. The aim of therapy should be to control symptoms, prevent complications and disease progression, while minimizing treatment burden. This chapter discusses bronchiectasis, including its etiology, symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Beach, Steven R. H., Heather M. Foran, Richard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep, Anthony R. Cordaro, Marianne Z. Wamboldt, David Reiss et Nadine J. Kaslow. Relational Processes. Sous la direction de Erika Lawrence et Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.11.
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Efforts to expand and update the description of relational processes in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM) to enhance its clinical utility began with DSM-IV, but met with limited success. The current effort to revise the description of relational problems has focused on both the DSM-V and theInternational Classification of Diseases(ICD)-11, with an emphasis on (1) documenting a solid empirical foundation for inclusion of relational processes in these diagnostic systems and (2) creating categories and symptom sets that reflect that empirical foundation. In this chapter we describe the process that led to the current revisions, along with steps that were taken to ensure broad consensus and relevance for a range of countries and cultures. We also briefly recap several arguments for continued attention to relational processes as well as additional changes that might be considered in future revisions. Finally, we also briefly discuss the issue of whether some relational processes are better thought of as categories in addition to being dimensions. Scientific aspects of the project have been very productive. However, revision of relational problem descriptions in DSM-V was limited and final revisions to the ICD-11 are still underway.
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Chan, Kin-Sang, Doris M. W. Tse et Michael M. K. Sham. Dyspnoea and other respiratory symptoms in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0082.
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Dyspnoea is prevalent among palliative care patients with increased severity over time. There are two patterns of dyspnoea-breakthrough dyspnoea and constant dyspnoea-and three separate qualities of dyspnoea-air hunger, work or effort, and tightness. The measurement of dyspnoea includes three domains: sensory-perceptual experience, affective distress, and symptom impact. The management of dyspnoea includes specific disease management, non-pharmacological intervention, pharmacological treatment, and palliative non-invasive ventilation. Cough is prevalent and disturbing in patients with cancer and chronic lung diseases, and is often associated with airway hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance. Management includes specific treatments for underlying non-cancer and cancer-related causes, symptomatic treatment by antitussives, mucoactive agents, and airway clearance techniques for expectoration and reduction in mucus production. Anticholinergics may be indicated for death rattles to facilitate a peaceful death. Haemoptysis occurs in 30-60% of lung cancer patients and initial management of haemoptysis includes airway protection and volume resuscitation. Localization of the site and source of bleeding may determine the choice of treatment. If a life-threatening haemoptysis occurs, sedation should be given as soon as possible. Support should be given to the family, and debriefing provided to team members.
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Keshav, Satish, et Alexandra Kent. Chronic abdominal pain. Sous la direction de Patrick Davey et David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0024.
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Separating chronic and acute abdominal pain is often difficult, and an arbitrary time limit of 4 weeks is often used. However, many chronic conditions (e.g. chronic pancreatitis) can cause relapsing symptoms, which may be acute during each episode. Pain receptors in the abdomen respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Stretch is the commonest mechanical stimulus to the viscera, although distension, torsion, and contraction are also sensed. Chemical receptors are stimulated by inflammation and infection, and this stimulation leads to the production of various substances, including serotonin, bradykinin, substance P, prostaglandins, and histamine. There are inter-individual differences in pain perception, with some people (e.g. patients with irritable bowel syndrome) being more sensitive to painful stimuli. Chronic abdominal pain occurs in 9%–15% of all children, and is present on questioning in 75% of adolescents and 50% of adults who are otherwise healthy. It is often a non-specific symptom that alone has a poor sensitivity for organic disease. Usually, it is the associated symptoms, and/or abnormal blood tests, that direct the doctor to a diagnosis. This chapter covers the approach to the diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain, key diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty.
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Lipman, Jeffrey, et Robert J. Boots. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of tetanus, rabies, and botulism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0245.
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Tetanus, rabies and botulism are all infections characterized by the production of a neurotoxin, and generally do not give rise to a systemic inflammatory response. Typically tetanus result from the infection of wounds by the ubiquitious soil-borne bacteria Clostridium tetanii, botulism is most commonly due to toxin produced in food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum. Rabies usually results from an animal bite infected with the rabies virus of the Lyssavirus group. Neurological involvement by all three infections is characterized by paralysis and autonomic instability with tetanus also being associated with muscular rigidity. Importantly, the autonomic dysfunction of tetanus can be severe and may necessitate prolonged treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). Active immunization can prevent or minimize the symptoms of tetanus and rabies, while passive immunization may slow symptom progression in botulism. Intensive care support is often required to manage respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction. Rabies is typically fatal in the absence of prior immunization.
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Wilson, John W., et Lynn L. Estes. Respiratory Tract Infections. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0067.
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Diagnostic criteria include productive cough, symptoms of upper respiratory infection, and negative findings on chest radiographs. Viral agents are the most common cause; antibiotics are therefore not beneficial.•Viral causes: Influenza, parainfluenza, and other respiratory viruses affect >70% of patients•Less common but potentially antibiotic-responsive infectious agents...
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Namerow, Norman S. Multiple Sclerosis and Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0019.
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Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms in persons with MS, and may also complicate other symptoms due to MS such as fatigue, impaired mobility and sleep disturbances. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of pain has become an increasingly important aspect in MS management. The epidemiology of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis is reviewed in this chapter, and a pain classification is presented. Pain syndromes are also reviewed, and appropriate treatments are described. Neuropathic pain in particular is discussed, including current views on the pathophysiology of pain production. An algorithm for medication use is presented that illustrates the utility of pharmacology with multiple agents in treating this condition.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Productive symptom"
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Misra, Ashok K. « Diseases. » Dans Guava : botany, production and uses, 285–328. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0015.
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Tajidin, Nor Elliza, Munirah Mohamad, Azimah Hamidon, Hamizah Hassan et Siti H. Ahmad. « Physiological disorders. » Dans Guava : botany, production and uses, 214–22. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0011.
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Abstract Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.
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Tzanetakis, I., et S. Sabanadzovic. « Fig viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas. » Dans The fig : botany, production and uses, 323–31. Wallingford : CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0013.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the symptoms, transmission, molecular and genetic characteristics and detection of some of the most important viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas infecting figs, such as the Fig mosaic virus, Fig badnavirus-1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2, Fig mild mottle associated virus, Fig fleck-associated virus, Fig latent virus-1, Fig cryptic virus, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Apple dimple fruit viroid, Phytoplasma asteris and Phytoplasma solani.
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Carneiro, Regina M. D. G., Marcilene F. A. Santos et José Mauro C. Castro. « Nematodes. » Dans Guava : botany, production and uses, 270–84. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0014.
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Abstract The following review of the nematodes from cultivated guava is limited to the major problem caused by M. enterolobii, its idenfication and its management strategies. The synonymization of Meloidogyne enterolobii with Meloidogyne mayaguensis and the different methods of identifying Meloidogyne species are discussed. The life cycle, host-parasite relationships, symptoms, damage and dissemination of M. enterolobii are described. The host status of cover crops, maize and fruit plants for M. enterolobii is discussed, as well as the resistance in Psidium spp. to root-knot nematodes. New prospects using genetic resistance in Brazil and some control strategies that can be used in an integrated way are presented.
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Becker, J. Ole. « Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 284–89. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0039.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Meloidogyne incognita infesting carrots in California, USA. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.
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Owen, Kirsty. « A triumph of tolerance : managing the threat to wheat production by the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in the subtropical grain region of eastern Australia. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 13–19. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0002.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the economic importance, host range, geographical distribution, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle and interactions with other nematodes and pathogens of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, a severe and widespread threat to wheat production in the subtropical grain production region of eastern Australia. Some recommended integrated nematode management practices and future research for nematode resistance breeding are also presented.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang et Clive Kaiser. « Managing orchard pathogens and disorders. » Dans Sweet cherries, 343–76. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0343.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the various pathogens causing damage to cherry production, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Podosphaera clandestina, Chondrostereum purpureum and Little cherry virus 1 and 2, among others. Details on their symptoms, transmission and disease cycle are discussed and the efficacy of various methods in their management are pointed out.
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Diedrich, Alexander, Kaja Balzereit et Oliver Niggemann. « First Approaches to Automatically Diagnose and Reconfigure Hybrid Cyber-Physical Systems ». Dans Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, 113–22. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62746-4_12.
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AbstractMaintaining modern production machinery requires a significant amount of time and money. Still, plants suffer from expensive production stops and downtime due to faults within individual components. Often, plants are too complex and generate too much data to make manual analysis and diagnosis feasible. Instead, faults often occur unnoticed, resulting in a production stop. It is then the task of highly-skilled engineers to recognise and analyse symptoms and devise a diagnosis. Modern algorithms are more effective and help to detect and isolate faults faster and more precise, thus leading to increased plant availability and lower operating costs.In this paper we attempt to solve some of the described challenges. We describe a concept for an automated framework for hybrid cyberphysical production systems performing two distinct tasks: 1) fault diagnosis and 2) reconfiguration. For diagnosis, the inputs are connection and behaviour models of the components contained within the system and a model describing their causal dependencies. From this information the framework is able to automatically derive a diagnosis provided a set of known symptoms. Taking the output of the diagnosis as a foundation, the reconfiguration part generates a new configuration, which, if applicable, automatically recovers the plant from its faulty state and resumes production. The described concept is based on predicate logic, specifically Satisfiability-Modulo-Theory. The input models are transformed into logical predicates. These predicates are the input to an implementation of Reiter’s diagnosis algorithm, which identifies the minimum-cardinality diagnosis. Taking this diagnosis, a reconfiguration algorithm determines a possible, alternative control, if existing. Therefore the current system structure described by the connection and component models is analysed and alternative production plans are searched. If such an alternative plan exists, it is transmitted to the control of the system. Otherwise, an error that the system is not reconfigurable is returned.
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Mueller, John. « Hoplolaimus columbus : a prime candidate for site-specific management in cotton and soybean production. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 80–86. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0012.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the economic importance, host range, geographical distribution, damage symptoms and biology and life cycle of Hoplolaimus columbusinfesting cotton and soyabean in South Carolina, USA. Information on this pest to other nematodes and pathogens, the efficacy and optimization of some recommended integrated nematode management strategies and future outlook and research requirements in nematode control are also presented.
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Zasada, Inga, et Tom Forge. « Ectoparasitic nematodes : emerging challenges to wine grape production in the Pacific Northwest of North America. » Dans Integrated nematode management : state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 192–98. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0027.
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Abstract Plant parasitic nematodes are a constraint to the production of wine grapes worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of North America, including British Columbia (BC) in Canada and Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) in the United States, the impact of plant parasitic nematodes, specifically ectoparasitic nematodes, on wine grape production has not been extensively studied or documented. This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, and recommended integrated management of Mesocriconema xenoplax and Xiphinema americanum infesting grapes in North America. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Productive symptom"
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Brlansky, R. H. « Update on Huanglongbing Progression and Current Research in Florida ». Dans ASME 2009 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2009-5501.
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Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease has been in Florida since at least 2005 and has spread to all of the citrus producing regions. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is the insect that transmits the suspected causal bacterium which is tentatively named Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Symptoms of the disease are first the yellow shoot (huanglongbing) and the development of the blotchy mottle symptom in the leaves. Mineral deficiency symptoms are often found on infected trees and may mimic normal deficiency symptoms. Fruit on infected trees may be small and lopsided and may abscise prematurely and therefore productivity is reduced. Tree decline eventually occurs. The suspected causal bacterium has not been obtained in pure culture and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test along with symptoms, is the only way to verify infected trees. All citrus cultivars appear susceptible. Current management strategies are chemical and biological control to reduced psyllid populations, inspections for infected trees and removal of infected trees to reduce the available pathogen inoculum. Current research on psyllid control, psyllid transmission, symptomology, detection, culturing the causal agent, development of new detection methods, alternative hosts of the psyllid and the causal agent, physiology of the disease, resistant or tolerant cultivar development and more is discussed. HLB is a major problem for citrus production and often limits commercial production. Paper published with permission.
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Bacon, Robert. « Advanced Transient Hydraulic Simulations to Safely Optimise Tripping Speeds ». Dans IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208763-ms.
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Abstract There are many factors that contribute to non productive time, these include but are by no means limited to Lost circulation, formation influx, pack-offs and other stuck pipe events which cause delays, problems, lost time, and generally increase risk, and cost of the well, during drilling operations. Such situations can, sometimes, escalate into serious problems that may result in expensive and undesirable technical sidetracks. Couple this with ever more complex wells, (whether they be long horizontal sections, multi-laterals, etc), drilled in ever smaller and more challenging reservoirs, such as those which are depleted, or at high pressure and or high temperature. The modelling software offers forward-looking simulations that can be used to predict drilling problems and assess the likely effects of remedial options. During real-time monitoring, advanced monitoring and trend analysis software can use downhole conditions and mud properties to forecast hole cleaning, equivalent circulating density (ECD), and temperature changes for the next depth/time interval, based on three tightly coupled real-time dynamic models – hydraulic, mechanical and thermodynamic – that simulate wellbore condition and characterize improvement or deterioration during drilling. These models continuously assess drilling performance, borehole conditions, and associated risks based on real-time symptom detection. The solution and concept presented in this paper showcases a modelling approach which allows all of these situations to be accurately modelled in a transient setting, and then also compared and back modelled using all the available real time high frequency data. This coupled with an automated drilling control system has resulted in safe, record-breaking drilling achievements in the North Sea. The models allow updated safeguards to be applied to the drilling control system to maintain a downhole pressure within the acceptable limits of the open hole formations. It also automatically stops the movement of the drill string in case of abnormal hook loads or surface torques. Since automatic actions can be triggered in case of an unexpected situation, some standard procedures have been fully automated, including friction tests and back-reaming.
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Nishanov, Akhram, Gulomjon Djuraevb, Malika Khasanova, Saidqul Saparov et Fazilbek Zaripov. « Algorithm of diagnostics of medical datas based on symptom complexes ». Dans Computer Applications for Management and Sustainable Development of Production and Industry (CMSD2022), sous la direction de Arthur Gibadullin et Shahriyor Sadullozoda. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2669449.
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Lyakso, Elena, Olga Frolova et Aleksandr Nikolaev. « VOICE AND SPEECH FEATURES AS A DIAGNOSTIC SYMPTOM ». Dans International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact074.
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"The study of the peculiarities of speech of children with atypical development is necessary for the development of educational programs, children’s socialization and adaptation in society. The aim of this study is to determine the acoustic features of voice and speech of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a possible additional diagnostic criterion. The multiplicity of symptomatology, different age of its manifestation, and the presence of a leading symptom complex individually for each child make it difficult to diagnose ASD. To determine the specificity of speech features of ASD, we analyzed the speech of children with developmental disabilities in which speech disorders accompany the disease - Down syndrome (DS), intellectual disabilities (ID), mixed specific developmental disorders (MDD). The features that reflect the main physiological processes occurring in the speech tract during voice and speech production are selected for analysis. The speech of 300 children aged 4-16 years was analyzed. Speech files are selected from the speech database ""AD_Child.Ru"" (Lyakso et al., 2019). Acoustic features of voice and speech, which are specific for different developmental disorders, were determined. The speech of ASD children is characterized by: high pitch values (high voice); pitch variability; high values for the third formant (emotional) and its intensity causing ""atypical"" spectrogram of the speech signal; high values of vowel articulation index (VAI). The speech of children with DS is characterized by the maximal duration of vowels in words; low pitch values (low voice); a wide range of values of the VAI depending on the difficulty of speech material; low values of the third formant; unformed most of consonant phonemes. The characteristics of speech of children with ID are: high values of vowel’s duration in words, the pitch, and the third formant, low values of the VAI; of MDD - low pitch values and high values of the VAI. Based on the identified peculiarities specific to each disease, the set of acoustic features specific to ASD can be considered as a biomarker of autism and used as an additional diagnostic criterion. This will allow a timely diagnose, appoint treatment and develop individual programs for children. Speech characteristics of children with ID, DS, and MDD can be considered to a greater extent in the training and socialization of children and used in the development of training programs taking into account individual peculiarities of children."
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« COMPARING CTS SYMPTOMS AND PRODUCTIVITY FACTORS IN TRADITIONAL AND LEAN BASED ERGONOMIC SHOCKER MANUFACTURING UNITS ». Dans International Conference on Advancements and Recent Innovations in Mechanical, Production and Industrial Engineering. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.arimpie-2015.60.
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Zare a, Mohsen, Michel Croq b, Julie Bodin a, Elodie Cercier a et Yves Roquelaure a. « What are the Feelings of Operators about Physical and Psychosocial Ergonomic Risks ? A Case Study in SCANIA Production Angers ». Dans Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100067.
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Ergonomic improvement and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders still remain quite important among assembly manufacturing. Then, having the valid and precise evaluation for psychological and physical risk factors as well as musculoskeletal symptoms is the first step for ergonomic risk management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operators’ feelings in regards to physical and mental workloads a long with musculoskeletal symptoms. Furthermore, the interview was done with all the people Friday afternoon and Monday morning to compare the perceived exertion force at the first day and the last day of week. This cross-sectional study was done in SCANIA production Angers. In this trucks assembly plant one sector was chosen and two different questionnaires including self reported and interview questionnaire were filled out. Self-reported questionnaire evaluated 130 ergonomics variables and interview questionnaire 27 variables. The latter was completed two times Friday afternoon and Monday morning. Our finding showed that Most of study population show pain in lower back, elbow and shoulder. The most observed risk factors were in shoulders, elbows and wrists. The prevalence of psychosocial factors were high among assembly operators as 78% reported low decision latitude. Perceived exertion force for whole body for high workload working day in Friday was more than Monday morning even the difference wasn’t significant. The results showed that in addition to physical ergonomic workloads, there are psychosocial risk factors among assemblers. Furthermore, the body region that were more affected by risk factors were reported as WMSDs symptoms.
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Otterstad, Marianne, Sam Treadway et Anthony Hobson. « P299 The effect of Silicolgel on microbiota related gas production, in patients with PPI refractory symptoms ». Dans Abstracts of the BSG Annual Meeting, 20–23 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-bsg.352.
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Rodarte, Gabriela Pereira, Álvaro Maciel Campos Resende, Gabriel Paz Souza Mota, Larissa Julie Florindo et Ana Laura Maciel Almeida. « Cognitive Symptoms in PostCovid-19 Patients : A Systematic Review ». Dans XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.500.
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Background: Although the main reported manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory syndrome, several organs can be affected, including the central nervous system (CNS), which might cause cognitive changes. Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between COVID-19 and cognitive symptoms in infected patients with Sars-CoV-2. Methods: A search was performed using PubMed, Embase, BVS and Web of Science databases with the descriptors: “Cognitive symptoms”, “Brain fog”, “Covid-19” and “Sars-CoV-2”. The inclusion criteria were: articles in English and peer-reviewed; the exclusion criteria were: those who did not address cognitive symptoms after COVID- 19 and systematic reviews. Six articles were included. Results: Decline in memory and executive functions were the main reported cognitive symptoms. Greater susceptibility of the prefrontal cortex may explain neuropsychiatric morbidities, hence the increased risk of cognitive symptoms after acute infection. Sars-CoV-2 can trigger a high immune response that leads to the production of autoantibodies that can act against nervous tissue. Cortical hypometabolism, without direct cortical involvement and death of neurons, has been reported, which can be associated with damage to the white matter. Therefore, the deterioration could be reversible. Inflammation of endothelial cells and deposition of megakaryocytes can cause microvasculopathy and deposition of microcoagulants in capillary cortices. Cognitive deficits linked to the length of hospital stay have also been reported, especially in patients admitted to the ICU. Conclusions: There was a relationship between infection by Sars-CoV-2 and cognitive changes, mainly executive functions and working memory. Mechanisms might be related to inflammatory processes, immune response and length of stay in the ICU.
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Desiyanti, Fiska Anta, et Decy Situngkir. « Risk Factors of Byssinosis Symptoms among Sewing Unit Workers at Pt. X, Semarang ». Dans The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.32.
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ABSTRACT Background: Byssinosis, a cotton lung disease, is work-related respiratory symptoms found mainly in workers at textile industries. Byssinosis remains one of the health problems in developing countries related to cotton dust from industrial textile production processes. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of byssinosis symptoms among sewing unit workers at PT. X, Semarang. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from February to August 2020 at sewing unit PT. X, Semarang, Central Java. A total of 205 sewing unit workers was selected for this study. The dependent variable was symptoms of byssinosis. The independent variables were age, working time, wearing a face mask, and knowledge of the workers. The study subjects were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by questionnaires, observations, and reports. Bivariate analysis was carried out by using the chi-square method. Results: Byssinosis symptoms increased with age (OR= 1.55; CI= 0.85 to 2.83; p= 0.195), working time (OR= 6.02; 95% CI= 3.28 to 11.05; p= 0.001), without wearing face mask (OR= 9.14; 95% CI= 4.81 to 17.39; p= 0.001), and good knowledge of workers (OR= 0.87; 95% CI= 0.50 to 1.51; p= 0.728). Conclusion: Age, working time, and without wearing face mask are risk factors, while good knowledge of workers is a protective factor of byssinosis. It is recommended that the personal protective equipment be adequately supplied and regulations strictly enforced for its use within the work environment. Keywords: byssinosis symptoms, sewing unit, working time, age, face mask, knowledge Correspondence: Fiska Anta Desiyanti. Universitas Esa Unggul. Jl. Arjuna Utara No.9, RT.1/RW.2, Duri Kepa, Jeruk, West Jakarta. Email: fiskaantadesiyanti@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281316811844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.32
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Meor Hashim, Meor M., M. Hazwan Yusoff, M. Faris Arriffin, Azlan Mohamad, Dalila Gomes, Majo Jose et Tengku Ezharuddin Tengku Bidin. « Utilizing Artificial Neural Network for Real-Time Prediction of Differential Sticking Symptoms ». Dans International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21221-ms.
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Abstract Stuck pipe is one of the leading causes of non-productive time (NPT) while drilling. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to predict and avoid stuck pipe issues. In this paper, a model based on ML to predict and prevent stuck pipe related to differential sticking (DS) is presented. The stuck pipe indicator is established by detecting and predicting abnormalities in the drag signatures during tripping and drilling activities. The solution focuses on detecting differential sticking risk via assessing hookload signatures, based on previous experience from historical wells. Therefore, selecting the proper training set has proven to be a crucial stage of model development, especially considering the challenges in data quality. The model is trained with historical wells with and without differential sticking issues. The solution is based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The model is designed to provide users, i.e., driller or monitoring specialist, a warning whenever a risk is identified. Since multi-step forecasting is used, the warning is given with enough time for the driller or monitoring specialist to evaluate which preventative action or intervention is necessary. The warnings are provided typically between 30 minutes and 4 hours ahead. The model validation includes the performance metrics and a confusion matrix. Practical cases with real-time wells are also provided. The ML model was proven robust and practical with our data sets, for both historical and live wells. The huge amount of data produced while drilling holds valuable information and when smartly fed into an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model, it can prevent NPT such as stuck pipe events as demonstrated in this paper.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Productive symptom"
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Prusky, Dov, Lisa Vaillancourt et Robert Fluhr. Host Ammonification by Postharvest Pathogens and its Contribution to Fungal Colonization and Symptom Development. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592640.bard.
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Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables caused by pathogenic and saprophytic fungi significantly impairs the quality and quantity of fresh produce brought to market. Consequently, there is considerable interest in identifying factors that determine the susceptibility of these commodities to pathogen infection. Insidious postharvest decays remain quiescent during fruit growth and harvest, but activate during the postharvest period. A key response to the physiological changes occurring during fruit ripening is the initiation of ammonium secretion by the pathogen. Ammonium ions at the infection site (ammonification) have subsequent effects on both the pathogen and the host. An accompanying alkalinization process resulting from ammonia accumulation contributes to pathogenicity, since some important fungal virulence factors, (such as pectate lyase in Colletotrichum sp.), are significantly expressed only under alkaline conditions. In this proposal, investigated the mechanisms by which ammonification and alkalinization of infected tissues by the pathogen affect the host’s defense response to fungal attack, and instead increase compatibility during postharvest pathogen-host interactions. Our hypotheses were:1) that host signals, including ripening-related changes, induce secretion of ammonia by the pathogen; 2) that ammonia accumulation, and the resultant environmental alkalinization regulate the expression of fungal virulence genes that are essential for postharvest rot development; 3) that ammonification enhanced fungal colonization, by “suppression of host responses”, including production of reactive oxygen species, activation of superoxide, and polyphenol oxidase production. Our objectives were: to analyze: 1) factor(s) which activate the production and secretion of ammonia by the fungus; 2) fungal gene(s) that play role(s) in the ammonification process; 3) the relationship between ammonification and the activation of host defense response(s) during pathogen colonization; and 4) analyze hostgene expression in alkalinized regions of fruits attacked by hemibiotrophic fungi.
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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa et Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.
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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.
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Coplin, David, Isaac Barash et Shulamit Manulis. Role of Proteins Secreted by the Hrp-Pathways of Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pv. gypsophilae in Eliciting Water-Soaking Symptoms and Initiating Galls. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580675.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many bacterial pathogens of plants can inject pathogenicity proteins into host cells using a specialized type III secretion system encoded by hrpgenes. This system deliver effector proteins, into plant cells that function in both susceptible and resistant interactions. We have found that the virulence of Erwinia stewartii(Es; syn. Pantoea stewartii) and Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (Ehg, syn. Pantoea agglomerans), which cause Stewart's wilt of corn and galls on Gypsophila, respectively, depends on hrpgenes. The major objectives of this project were: To increase expression of hrpgenes in order to identify secreted proteins; to identify genes for proteins secreted by the type-III systems and determine if they are required for pathogenicity; and to determine if the secreted proteins can function within eukaryotic cells. We found that transcription of the hrp and effector genes in Es and Ehg is controlled by at least four genes that constitute a regulatory cascade. Environmental and/or physiological signaling appears to be mediated by the HrpX/HrpY two component system, with HrpX functioning as a sensor-kinase and HrpY as a response regulator. HrpYupregulateshrpS, which encodes a transcriptional enhancer. HrpS then activates hrpL, which encodes an alternate sigma factor that recognizes "hrp boxes". All of the regulatory genes are essential for pathogenicity, except HrpX, which appears only to be required for induction of the HR in tobacco by Es. In elucidating this regulatory pathway in both species, we made a number of significant new discoveries. HrpX is unusual for a sensor-kinase because it is cytoplasmic and contains PAS domains, which may sense the redox state of the bacterium. In Es, a novel methyl-accepting protein may function upstream of hrpY and repress hrp gene expression in planta. The esaIR quorum sensing system in Es represses hrp gene expression in Es in response to cell-density. We have discovered six new type III effector proteins in these species, one of which (DspE in Ehg and WtsE in Es) is common to both pathogens. In addition, Es wtsG, which is a homolog of an avrPpiB from P. syringae pv. pisi, and an Ehg ORF, which is a homolog of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola AvrPphD, were both demonstrated to encode virulence proteins. Two plasmidborne, Ehg Hop proteins, HsvG and PthG, are required for infection of gypsophilia, but interestingly, PthG also acts as an Avr elicitor in beets. Using a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (cyaA) reporter gene, we were successful in demonstrating that an HsvG-CyaA fusion protein can be transferred into human HeLa cells by the type-III system of enteropathogenic E. coli. This is a highly significant accomplishment because it is the first direct demonstration that an effector protein from a plant pathogenic bacterium is capable of being translocated into a eukaryotic cell by a type-III secretion system. Ehg is considered a limiting factor in Gypsophila production in Israel and Stewart’s Wilt is a serious disease in the Eastern and North Central USA, especially on sweet corn in epidemic years. We believe that our basic research on the characterization of type III virulence effectors should enable future identification of their receptors in plant cells. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering resistant plants by modifying their receptors or inactivating effectors and thus blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, hrp gene regulation might also provide a target for plant produced compounds that interfere with recognition of the host by the pathogen. Such strategies would be broadly applicable to a wide range of serious bacterial diseases on many crops throughout the USA and Israel.
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Woodson, William, Shimon Mayak et Haim Rabinowitch. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613011.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.
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Levin, Ilan, John W. Scott, Moshe Lapidot et Moshe Reuveni. Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594406.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.
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Antignus, Yehezkiel, Ernest Hiebert, Shlomo Cohen et Susan Webb. Approaches for Studying the Interaction of Geminiviruses with Their Whitefly Vector Bemisia tabaci. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604928.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The DNA of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCB) was detected in its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, by dot spot hybridization as early as 1 h after acquisition access. The retention of the virus nucleic acid in the vector was at least 23 days after a 48 h acquisition access. However, the retention of TYLCV coat protein did not exceed 10 days. No replicative forms of TYLCV could be detected in B. tabaci, indicating a non-propagative relationship with the vector. Whiteflies were not able to accumulate naked virion ssDNA, virus cloned dsDNA, or virions with impaired coat protein. Deletion, frameshift, and single amino acid mutations were inserted into open reading frames (ORFs) V1 and V2 (Coat protein) of TYLCV. The ability of these mutants to replicate, to spread and to induce symptoms was tested both in leaf disks and in intact plants. No replication was found in tissues that were infected with a deletion mutant that lacked the carboxy half of the coat protein gene. Residual amounts of ssDNA and dsDNA were detected i tissues infected with a frameshift mutant in which an early termination at the extreme part of the protein. Two other mutants in which a single amino acid was changed in the overlapping part of V1 and V2 were able to spread systemically but infections remained symptomless and the production of ssDNA and dsDNA were significantly lower. These mutants were acquired and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Procedures for the the dissection, fixation and embedding of whiteflies were developed. The anatomy and ultrastructure of the salivary gland and the midgut of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (a vector and non-vector of geminiviruses respectively) was studied and described. Monoclonal antibodies against bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) with narrow and broad spectrum were prepared. Transmission studies of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoV) by B. tabaci were carried out. These studies were essential for a further work aimed to understand the interaction of geminiviruses with the insect and their localization in its tissues. To enable the production of transgenic plants procedures were developed for tomato transformation with both Agrobacterium and microparticle bombardment.
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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai et Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods : induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
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Pesis, Edna, et Mikal Saltveit. Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration : Acetaldehyde and Ethanol. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604923.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.
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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao et Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Semaan, Dima, et Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].