Livres sur le sujet « Problem of grounding »
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1941-, Bell Michael, et Poellner Peter, dir. Myth and the making of modernity : The problem of grounding in early twentieth-century literature. Amsterdam : Rodopi, 1998.
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Solski, R. Groundhog Day. Niagara Falls, N.Y : T4T Learning Materials, 1998.
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Solski, R. A groundhog celebration. [Oshawa, Ont.] : S & S Learning Materials, 1986.
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Solski, R. It's Groundhog Day. Niagara Falls, N.Y : T4T Learning Materials, 1998.
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Imaguire, Guido. Priority Nominalism : Grounding Ostrich Nominalism as a Solution to the Problem of Universals. Springer, 2018.
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Imaguire, Guido. Priority Nominalism : Grounding Ostrich Nominalism as a Solution to the Problem of Universals. Springer, 2018.
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Embodied Grounding : Social, Cognitive, Affective, and Neuroscientific Approaches. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Villegas, Abelardo. The Problem of Truth (1960). Traduit par Carlos Alberto Sánchez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190601294.003.0019.
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This text is the conclusion to Abelardo Villegas’s seminal work, La filosofía de lo mexicano, which does not dismiss the philosophy of lo mexicano outright. His conflict is with the method underscoring that philosophical project: historicism. Historicism, or the view that truth is dependent on history, offers Mexican philosophers an opportunity to articulate their philosophies as historical beings, thus contributing historical difference to the philosophical conversation. However, historicists face a fundamental “aporia,” as their project calls for defining an essentially historical being (the Mexican) using ahistorical categories (e.g. solitude, accidentality, melancholy, etc.). Thus, Villegas chastises Emilio Uranga for his “essentialism,” for looking for essences while grounding his approach in history. Villegas concludes that a philosophy of lo mexicano is possible—not one grounded on the uniqueness of the Mexican experience, but one that grounds the possibility of communicating that uniqueness to other peoples and other times.
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Walker, Ralph. The Coherence Theory of Truth. Sous la direction de Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.8.
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The coherence theory holds that truth consists in coherence amongst our beliefs. It can thus rule out radical scepticism and avoid the problems of the correspondence theory. Considerations about meaning and verification have also pointed philosophers in the same direction. But if it holds all truth to consist in coherence it is untenable: there must be some truths that do not, truths about what people believe. This causes problems for traditional coherence theories, and also for verificationists and anti-realists. The admission of a grounding class of truths that do not consist in coherence also raises the question why there should be such systematic agreement between these. This cannot properly be explained by anything that is said within the theory whose truth is constituted by coherence with the grounding class. Kant saw this problem, and postulated “things as they are in themselves.” Others dismiss it; but that is not satisfactory.
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Ransbottom, Katlyn. Finding Answer for World Problems : Grounding and Bonding Methods : Grounding Meditation. Independently Published, 2021.
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Bliss, Ricki. Grounding and Reflexivity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755630.003.0004.
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Grounding is commonly assumed to induce a strict partial ordering: it is said to be asymmetric, transitive and irreflexive. Why it is that we ought to believe that grounding is irreflexive, in particular, appears to turn in large part on the impossibility of any instance of it being reflexive. But why is this? Indeed, how would things need to be such that anything could ground itself? And why is this so bad? This paper explores metaphysical and explanatory reasons for supposing that nothing can ground itself. The discussion centers on the thoughts that there are problems with bootstrapping, the priority ordering and necessary beings, and finds them wanting. A conclusion is reached that the best reasons we have for supposing that grounding is irreflexive are going to be epistemic rather than metaphysical.
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Butz, Martin V., et Esther F. Kutter. Cognition is Embodied. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0003.
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With the motivation to develop computational and algorithmic levels of understanding how the mind comes into being, this chapter considers computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive systems perspectives. Questions are addressed, such as what ‘intelligence’ may actually be and how, and when an artificial system may be considered to be intelligent and to have a mind on its own. May it even be alive? Out of these considerations, the chapter derives three fundamental problems for cognitive systems: the symbol grounding problem, the frame problem, and the binding problem. We show that symbol-processing artificial systems cannot solve these problems satisfactorily. Neural networks and embodied systems offer alternatives. Moreover, biological observations and studies with embodied robotic systems imply that behavioral capabilities can foster and facilitate the development of suitably abstracted, symbolic structures. We finally consider Alan Turing’s question “Can machines think?” and emphasize that such machines must at least solve the three considered fundamental cognitive systems problems. The rest of the book addresses how the human brain, equipped with a suitably-structured body and body–brain interface, manages to solve these problems, and thus manages to develop a mind.
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Korman, Daniel Z., et Chad Carmichael. Composition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.013.9.
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This article is intended as an introduction to the central questions about composition and a highly selective overview of various answers to those questions. §1 reviews some formal features of parthood that are important for understanding the nature of composition. §2 examines the special composition question: which pluralities of objects together compose something? §§3–4 examines the argument from vagueness for unrestricted composition. §5 addresses questions concerning the uniqueness of composition, coincident objects, hylomorphism, and the so-called grounding problem. §6 concernes the question of which composites existfundamentally.
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Garner, Robert. 3. Democracy and Political Obligation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the claim that democracy is the ideal form of political obligation. It first traces the historical evolution of the term ‘democracy’ before discussing the debate between advocates of the protective theory and the participatory theory of democracy, asking whether it is possible to reconcile elitism with democracy and whether participatory democracy is politically realistic. It then describes the new directions that democratic theory has taken in recent years, focusing on four theories: associative democracy, cosmopolitan democracy, deliberative democracy, and ecological democracy. It also explains why democracy is viewed as the major grounding for political obligation, with emphasis on the problem of majority rule and what to do with the minority consequences of majoritarianism.
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Koslicki, Kathrin. Hylomorphic Relations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823803.003.0005.
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This chapter takes up the question of how hylomorphists should conceive of the relations between a matter–form compound, its matter, and its form. It responds to the challenge issued to hylomorphists by the Grounding Problem, which asks what (if anything) explains the apparent differences between an object and its matter. Chapter 4 argues that hylomorphists should opt for a “robust” construal of form according to which forms do not simultaneously bear the same relation to a matter–form compound (essentially) and to the matter composing it (accidentally). Armed with this conception of forms, the differences between numerically distinct spatiotemporally coincident objects can then be explained by appeal to a non-modal conception of essence and a mereological approach to the relation between a matter–form compound, its matter, and its form.
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Ohi, Kevin. Inceptions. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823294626.001.0001.
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The beginning is both internal and external to the text it initiates, and that non-coincidence points to the text’s vexed relation with its outside. Hence the non-trivial self-reflexivity of any textual beginning, which must bear witness to the self-grounding quality of the literary work—its inability either to comprise its inception or to externalize it in an authorizing exteriority. In a different but related way does the fact that they must render our lives and our desires opaque to us; what Freud called “latency” marks not only sexuality but human thought with a self-division shaped by asynchronicity. From Henry James’s New York Edition prefaces to George Eliot’s epigraphs, from Ovid’s play with meter to Charles Dickens’s thematizing of the ex nihilo emergence of character, from Wallace Stevens’s abstract consideration of poetic origins to James Baldwin, Carson McCullers, and Eudora Welty’s descriptions of queer childhood, writers repeatedly confront the problem of inception. Most explicitly for James, for whom revision, a striving to keep the work perpetually at the border of its emergence, was a fundamentally ethical practice, attention to inception is a commitment to human freedom; a similar commitment is legible in all the writers examined here. To experience this vibrancy, the sense that the work might have been, might still yet be, otherwise, it suffices, James reminds us, to reread it. Inceptions traces an ethics of reading, that follows from perceiving, in the ostensibly finished forms of lives and texts, the potentiality inherent in their having started forth.
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Phan-Thien, Nhan, et Sangtae Kim. Microstructures in Elastic Media. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090864.001.0001.
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This monograph describes various methods for solving deformation problems of particulate solids, taking the reader from analytical to computational methods. The book is the first to present the topic of linear elasticity in mathematical terms that will be familiar to anyone with a grounding in fluid mechanics. It incorporates the latest advances in computational algorithms for elliptic partial differential equations, and provides the groundwork for simulations on high performance parallel computers. Numerous exercises complement the theoretical discussions, and a related set of self-documented programs is available to readers with Internet access. The work will be of interest to advanced students and practicing researchers in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, applied physics, computational methods, and developers of numerical modeling software.
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Webber, Jonathan. The Future of Existentialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735908.003.0011.
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This chapter argues that existentialism, as this book has articulated it, has the potential to make significant contributions to moral thought, philosophy of mind, social psychology, and psychotherapy, and that sophisticated engagements with these areas of inquiry should in turn refine existentialism. The existentialist theory of project sedimentation is an important perspective on the development of personal character, the socialization of the individual, the role of endorsement in mental life, the origins of unendorsed biases and stereotypes, and the social problems and psychic distress that these can cause. The eudaimonist and moral arguments for authenticity are significant contributions to contemporary philosophical inquiry into the grounding of moral and more generally normative value. The chapter closes with a brief sketch of some implications of this existentialism for reading and writing.
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Nguyen, Trung, dir. Immunohistochemistry. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009106924.
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This book will enable practitioners to understand the many complex intricacies of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and make best use of this powerful analytical tool. Providing a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of immunohistochemistry, the book includes several chapters on robotics and automation technology, giving key information on the design of machines and tips to maximise workflow efficiencies. The relationship between IHC and molecular pathology is explained clearly, demonstrating the increasing impact on personalized medicine and targeted therapies for cancer patients. The staining protocol is deconstructed, allowing the reader to adapt it for a variety of diagnostic and research applications. Written by experts at the forefront of hospital immunohistochemistry, there is a strong emphasis on practical guidance on a range of techniques as well as troubleshooting of common problems driven by the authors' experiences. Extensively illustrated with high-quality colour images, this is an invaluable resource to all pathology practitioners utilising the technique.
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Pintchman, Tracy. Cosmological, Devotional, and Social Perspectives on the Hindu Goddess. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767022.003.0002.
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Although Hindus recognize and revere a variety of different, discrete goddesses, they also tend to speak of “The Goddess” as a singular and unifying deity. This chapter focuses on three dimensions of the Goddess in Hindu traditions, grounding all observations in specific texts and contexts. First, the chapter examines the nature of the Goddess as a cosmogonic/cosmological creative force that creates, sustains, and permeates the universe. Second, it explores the Goddess as a being worthy of devotion who is also manifest as individual goddesses. Finally, it probes the nature of the Goddess as potential role model for human women, who in many contexts are viewed as special manifestations of the Goddess. The chapter looks at major themes in each category and the critical issues that these themes raise.
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Leitch, Thomas, dir. The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.001.0001.
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This collection of forty original essays reflects on the history of adaptation studies, surveys the current state of the field, and maps out possible futures that mobilize its unparalleled ability to bring together theorists and practitioners in different modes of discourse. Grounding contemporary adaptation studies in a series of formative debates about what adaptation is, whether its orientation should be scientific or aesthetic, and whether it is most usefully approached inductively, through close analyses of specific adaptations, or deductively, through general theories of adaptation, the volume, not so much a museum as a laboratory or a provocation, aims to foster, rather than resolve, these debates. Its seven parts focus on the historical and theoretical foundations of adaptation study, the problems raised by adapting canonical classics and the aesthetic commons, the ways different genres and presentational modes illuminate and transform the nature of adaptation, the relations between adaptation and intertextuality, the interdisciplinary status of adaptation, and the issues involved in professing adaptation, now and in the future. Embracing an expansive view of adaptation and adaptation studies, it emphasizes the area’s status as a crossroads or network that fosters interactive exchange across many disciplines and advocates continued debate on its leading questions as the best defense against the possibilities of dilution, miscommunication, and chaos that this expansive view threatens to introduce to a burgeoning field uniquely responsive to the contemporary textual landscape.
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Moss-Wellington, Wyatt. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197552889.001.0001.
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Cognitive Film and Media Ethics provides a grounding in the use of cognitive science to address key questions in film, television, and screen media ethics. This book extends prior works in cognitive media studies to answer normative and ethically prescriptive questions: what could make media morally good or bad, and what, then, are the respective responsibilities of media producers and consumers? Moss-Wellington makes a primary claim that normative propositions are a kind of rigor, in that they force media theorists to draw more active ought conclusions from descriptive is arguments. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics presents the rigors of normative reasoning, cognitive science, and consequentialist ethics as complementary, arguing that each seeks progressive elaboration on its own models of causality, and causal projections are crucial for any reflection on our moral responsibilities in the world. A hermeneutics of “ethical cognitivism” is applied in the latter half of the book, with each essay addressing a different case study in film, television, news, and social media: cinema that sets out to inspire moral dissonance in the viewer, satirical and humorous depictions of family drama in film and television, the politics of the romantic comedy, formal aspects of screen media bullying in an era dubbed the “television renaissance,” and contemporary problems in the conflation of news and social media. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics synthesizes current research in social psychology, anthropology, memory studies, emotion and cognition, personality and media selection, and evolutionary biology, integrating wide-ranging concepts from the various disciplines that make up cognitive theory to provide new vantages on the applied ethics of film and screen media.
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Groundhog's Dilemma. Scholastic, Inc., 2017.
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Faulkner, Matt, et Kristen Remenar. Groundhog's Dilemma. Charlesbridge Publishing, Incorporated, 2015.
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