Thèses sur le sujet « Pro-environmental values »

The study aims to contribute in the understanding of key values and behaviours for Education for sustainable development and their correlations and to further develop knowledge about how they are distributed among upper secondary school students in relation to socio-demographic factors. There were 274 surveys collected in 5 different schools in Ulaanbaatar and analysed using ANOVA followed by Tukey test and Pearson’s correlation tests. The study supports the findings of previous research that universal, benevolence and traditional values are positively correlated with a positive environmental behaviour. The positive orientation towards sustainability suggest that the current adolescent Mongolian population can become potential environmental supporters with a strong motivation towards sustainable behaviour and attitudes. The demographic and social factors were weak in relation to value orientations, no significant difference observed in value orientation. There was a notable gender difference in pro environmental behaviour which aligned with many existing academic studies. Social factors in relation to environmentally friendly attitude suggested that pro environmental adolescents were somehow exposed to the natural environment and read books during their free time displayed increasingly positive behaviour toward the environment. Therefore this study emphasises the importance of encouraging informal outdoor activities and increasing the access and popularity of reading books among youths. These measures would also serve to strengthen the benevolence value and promote pro environmental behaviour.

Contemporary debates about the conservation of natural ecosystems and resources owe most of their influence to the rise of sustainable development, or, sustainability. Since its inception, ‘sustainability’ has become the dominant paradigm for addressing global ecological problems, as well as a strong motivator for changing patterns of behaviour at the level of individual people. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) introduced this framework into global proenvironmental discourse in 1987, and it has since been the source of many debates and discussions within and between academic disciplines. One of the central issues has been the opposition between agency and structure. This is the problem of whether to appeal to agency (theories of individual behaviour change) or structure (theories of social practice) when addressing global environmental problems, as these fields are generally characterised as necessarily opposed to one another. However, each of them at least conceives of a particular kind of agency, meaning that both make an appeal to ‘the individual’ in one way or another. The ultimate aim of this thesis, then, is to reconfigure the way in which individual people are framed by and thus implicated in contemporary discussions about sustainability. In order to do this, I will be drawing heavily on Pierre Bourdieu’s (1984) concept of the ‘cultural intermediary,’ as well as Stuart Hall’s (cf. Grossberg, 1986) theory of ‘articulation.’ I propose a framework that characterises proenvironmental groups as ‘intermediaries,’ as each of these groups acts as a ‘mediator’ or ‘point of articulation’ between the structural dimensions of sustainability and the individual people that they address. I will analyse this framework by appealing to two close studies of two different intermediaries: Greenpeace, and its ‘Save the Reef’ campaign, and Sydney’s Inner West Council, and its ‘Home Eco Challenge.’

Today it has become critical that people adapt their behavior and lifestyles to environmental constraints. Teachers are supposed to teach pupils to accept personal responsibility in regard to these problems. The pedagogies of Waldorf and public schools have different outlooks on nature, hence it was hypothesized that Waldorf and public teachers would differ in regard to pro-environmental behavior and factors explaining such actions. An e-questionnaire measuring pro-environmental behavior, biospheric and altruistic values, feelings of personal responsibility, and pro-environmental attitudes was filled out by 68 Waldorf teachers and 73 public teachers from different municipalities in Sweden. The results suggest that Waldorf teachers report higher biospheric values (partial eta² = .46, p < .001), more pro-environmental behavior (partial eta² = .39, p < .001), more feelings of personal responsibility, (partial eta² = .32, p < .001), and higher altruistic values (partial eta² = .12, p < .001), than public school teachers do. There were a few limitations in reliability and possibly with social desirability. However, the present study paves the way for an understanding of how pedagogy can be of help in preventing further environmental problems.

Communicating climate change and other long-term environmental issues to the wider public is a challenging process involving many barriers to action. Visualisations have the ability to overcome these barriers. Furthermore, the benefits of visual images over verbal information have been supported. However, there is a lack of research on how visual images can motivate behaviour. Based on Elaborated Intrusion theory, it is proposed that visual images can be internalised as mental images which can act as a ‘motivational bridge’ for pro-environmental behaviour. Six studies exposed participants to visual pro-environmental messages. Throughout all studies images were internalised as mental images, associated with intrusive thoughts. Consistently, mental images were strongly associated with pro-environmental goals and behaviour change (self-report and actual). Also, interfering with visual mental imagery, using cognitive tasks, reduced self-reported behaviour change (Study 6). Overall, two motivational roles of mental imagery emerged: mental images can trigger pro-environmental goals and can strengthen the relationship between pro-environmental goals and behaviour. The development, strength, and vividness of mental imagery depended on interacting individual and message characteristics. A vivid message was more effective when the message topic was relevant to the target individual (Study 2). Also, a message in line with existing values evoked more vivid mental imagery (Studies 2 to 6). A message could activate specific values as well if mental imagery was not interfered with (Study 5 and 6). And finally, positive and negative images were associated with different feelings, but could both be internalised and motivate behaviour (Study 3 and 6). A combined message could overcome the negative feelings associated with a fear appeal (Study 6). This thesis developed a theoretical framework, integrating approaches from social and cognitive psychology, which can help explain and predict responses to visual environmental messages. Six studies showed that the effect of a visual image on behaviour depends, among other factors, on its ability to trigger recurring mental imagery. Insights provide opportunities for designing evidence based visual pro-environmental messages. In turn this can maximise the impact visual messages have on changing people’s pro-environmental behaviour.

Le condizioni in cui versa il nostro pianeta sono sempre più gravi: sembra emergere in modo piuttosto evidente la responsabilità umana in relazione ai cambiamenti climatici e ambientali a livello planetario. Tale responsabilità assume almeno due aspetti principali: da un lato, rispetto a quelle visioni del mondo, della natura e dell’ambiente che hanno orientato le scelte, le decisioni e i comportamenti umani nei confronti dell’ambiente naturale; dall’altro, rispetto alla responsabilità, alla quale il genere umano è chiamato, di operare in maniera tale da interrompere il ciclo di sfruttamento e distruzione, compiendo una vera e propria ‘inversione di rotta’. La progressiva comparsa di nuove e sempre più forti crisi ambientali richiama alla necessità di focalizzarsi sulla relazione tra esseri umani e natura e sui valori che sono alla base di tale relazione. Dalla fine degli anni ’60 del secolo scorso quando iniziò a manifestarsi la crisi ambientale, si può notare come la filosofia abbia rivolto la sua attenzione, in maniera sempre maggiore, alla relazione tra esseri umani e natura, cercando di individuare le cause dei problemi ecologici. La riflessione filosofica su tale relazione si colloca all’interno della più ampia riflessione dell’etica ambientale, che nel corso della storia del pensiero umano ha esteso sempre di più il proprio campo d’interesse, attraverso la metafora del “cerchio morale di espansione”, ampliandolo sia dal punto di vista temporale, includendo le generazioni future, sia dal punto di vista spaziale, includendo dapprima il mondo degli animali non-umani e, in seguito, anche l’ambiente e i sistemi viventi. Diversi studi internazionali in questo campo sono stati condotti, con differenti gruppi etnici, a livello nazionale e cross-national. Non sembrano, tuttavia, essere presenti degli studi che abbiano esplorato i punti di vista sulla natura e l’ambiente di soggetti provenienti da diversi gruppi etnici immigrati in un singolo stato, utilizzando approcci qualitativi o Mixed Methods, senza compiere delle comparazioni tra le diverse culture. Restando all'interno della prospettiva delle Etiche dell’ambiente, fondata sulla rilevanza che hanno i valori e le visioni del mondo nell'orientare i comportamenti umani, gli obiettivi della presente ricerca sono di esplorare la relazione tra gli esseri umani, l’ambiente naturale e gli animali non umani, i punti di vista e i significati attribuiti alla natura e alcune dimensioni concernenti i valori ambientali, i comportamenti in favore dell’ambiente e la consapevolezza dell’esistenza dei problemi ecologici. Il presente studio è volto a comprendere il punto di vista degli immigrati in Italia, a conoscere alcuni aspetti della loro cultura relativamente ai temi ambientali e alla sostenibilità, attraverso le loro narrazioni individuali, con l'intento di contribuire a una comprensione generale della relazione tra esseri umani e ambiente naturale e a gettare luce su alcuni aspetti inesplorati nella popolazione immigrata in Italia, relativamente a tale relazione. L’attenzione si è rivolta verso soggetti appartenenti a diversi gruppi etnici, immigrati in Italia e il gruppo dei partecipanti è stato individuato principalmente tramite delle associazioni d’immigrati in due aree: Milano, Parma e le rispettive province. Soggetti adulti, di diversi gruppi etnici, immigrati in Italia come prima generazione sono stati coinvolti nella ricerca come gruppo di partecipanti. In considerazione del fatto che lo scopo dello studio non è quello di ottenere risultati quantitativi su larga scala ma, piuttosto, quello di condurre un’analisi approfondita del pensiero individuale, si è scelto di utilizzare un approccio Mixed Methods, attraverso uno strumento quantitativo composto da una sezione di domande strutturate con risposta multipla su scala Likert, affiancato ad una intervista qualitativa. La sezione quantitativa ha preso ispirazione da precedenti studi quantitativi, principalmente condotti in ambiti psicologici, sociologici, economici, basati sull'utilizzo di scale volte a rilevare i valori ambientali e i comportamenti in favore dell’ambiente. L’intervista qualitativa è stata elaborata con l’intento di promuovere la narrazione delle esperienze dei rispondenti, a partire dai loro contesti di vita originari, relativamente alla loro relazione con l’ambiente naturale e gli animali nel loro paese d’origine e in Italia. Le narrazioni raccolte hanno contribuito a un arricchimento culturale grazie allo sguardo molteplice proveniente da diverse culture, focalizzato sulla relazione tra esseri umani, natura e animali a mostrare alcuni aspetti non ancora esplorati nella popolazione immigrata in Italia, relativamente a tale relazione.
The Planet Earth has entered into the Anthropocene Era, scientist J.P.Crutzen said. It’s the Era of human beings, distinguished from the previous ones by the impact that humans are having on the climate and planetary environment. It’s rather clear that human responsibility is strongly implicated in the planetary changes. This responsibility takes at least two main aspects. On the one hand, with respect to those visions of the world, the nature and the environment that have guided the choices, the decisions and the human behavior towards nature and the environment. On the other, regarding the responsibility to which the mankind is called, in working to stop the cycle of exploitation and destruction, and make a real 'change of direction'. The emergence of new and increasingly strong environmental crisis emphasizes the need to focus on the relationships between humans and nature and the values underpinning them. Since the '70s, with the emergence of the environmental crisis, philosophy has increasingly turned its attention towards the relationship ‘humans-nature’. Philosophy reflection is inscribed within the Environmental Ethics perspective that has gradually extended its field of interest, through the metaphor of the "moral circle expansion", widening temporally, including future generations, and spatially, including the world's non-human animals and the environment, understood as ecosphere and biosphere. Several international studies in this field were conducted with different ethnic groups at a national and at cross-national level. No studies were found aiming to investigate immigrants’ world views on nature and environment conducted through a qualitative and/or mixed method approach with key respondents belonging to different ethnic groups, immigrated into a single state, without a comparison among cultures. Inside the Environmental Ethics’ perspective, grounded on the relevance of humans’ values and world vision guiding their behaviours, the research objects aims to explore the relationships between humans, natural environment and non-human animals, people’s worldviews on nature and the importance they confer to it and some dimensions related to environmental values, pro-environmental behavior and environmental problems awareness. This study aims to understand the views of immigrants in Italy, some aspects of their culture in relation to environmental issues and sustainability, through their individual stories, with the intent to contribute to a general understanding of the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, casting a light on some unexplored aspects of the immigrant population in Italy, with regard to such a relationship. With the above aims in mind, the attention was focused on people from different ethnic groups immigrated to Italy and the purposefully selected group of respondents was sought gathering people from Immigrants Associations in two areas: Milano, Parma and their provinces, where these associations are widespread and usually promote integration through their activities and initiatives. Foreign adults, from different ethnic groups, immigrated to Italy as first generation were selected as key respondents. Considering that the study aim is not to obtain quantitative results on a large scale but it is an in depth analysis of individual thinking, a mixed methods approach, composed by a quantitative tool consisting of a structured interview with multiple choice answers on Likert scale along with a qualitative interview, was elaborated.

While studies indicate there is a strong link between pro-environmental values and behaviour, they also show that such values are not necessarily enacted consistently across all areas of our lives. There are many psychosocial factors that can affect congruent enactment. Improving our understanding of what these factors are and how they influence cognition and behaviour is critical for subverting our inadequate response to ecological crisis, yet it is an area that remains under explored. In this thesis I investigate factors affecting enactment of pro-environmental values by individuals in organisational contexts. Integrating Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with frame and metaphor analysis in an innovative transdisciplinary and cross-level methodology, my study enquires into the lived, embodied and situated experience of six sustainability managers and leaders in the UK and Canada in their work to influence pro-environmental practices in their organisations. Using semi- structured interviews as the primary data source, over 70 highly nuanced and in-depth findings are generated, enriching our understanding of psychological threat coping strategies from a systemic perspective: • Sources of threats and tensions that arise for sustainability managers in their work to influence organisational practices (e.g. thwarted autonomy, competency or relatedness needs, incongruence in values) • Types of coping strategies used to negotiate these tensions (including identity work, emotion regulation, seeking support from external partners, constructing a motivational story, nature connection) • Ecologically adaptive and maladaptive outcomes of these responses for the individual and the organisation (including indirect impacts on vitality and effectiveness) • Factors affecting the efficacy of adaptive coping strategies (e.g. type of motivation, type of self-awareness, cognitive frames about nature) • Contextual factors (organisational, cultural worldview) • How these factors interact with each other, creating feedback loops The conceptual models I have constructed make these largely unconscious psychosocial processes visible; and may be of practical use to individuals in facilitating deeper awareness of the dynamics in their situation and helping to identify where interventions can be made to improve their efficacy and resilience in influencing pro-environmental change in their organisations.

In previous years, the importance of sustainable consumption has been neglected, and as a result, so has the disposal process. This has lead to consumers being uneducated about environmental issues associated with waste problems. The textile industry greatly contributes to waste problems; however, very little information is available in South Africa concerning the waste management of the textile industry. Furthermore, very little research has been done in this country regarding consumer’s clothing disposal behaviour. South Africa is a country with various cultures, and research conducted in this country necessitates consideration of consumers’ values, beliefs and norms. This study acknowledges the lack of sustainable lifestyle literature in a country such as South Africa that has an emerging economy and diverse cultures, and therefore provides a framework that emphasises theories and models based on pro-­‐environmental behaviour. The framework for this study focuses on the concepts of the Value-­‐Belief-­‐Norm Theory and the New Ecological Paradigm Scale as influencing factors for clothing disposal behaviour. For this study the clothing disposal methods included re-­‐using, recycling, donation, reselling and discarding. © University of Pretoria v Furthermore, both the Value-­‐Belief-­‐Norm Theory and the New Ecological Paradigm Scale are new to the consumer behaviour research field in South Africa. The study was conducted in the City of Tshwane and a sample of 306 female consumers was included. Female consumers were selected as it has been found that females tend to be more environmentally concerned than men. Respondents were reached through non-­‐ probability, purposive and snowball sampling methods. A quantitative research approach that included a cross-­‐sectional survey design was used for descriptive and exploratory purposes. Respondents completed a questionnaire that was based on objectives compiled according to the research statement. Data was coded by the researcher herself, and was further descriptively and statistically analysed by statisticians of the University of Pretoria. The results for the study indicated that the majority of the consumers included in the study mainly indicated compassionate value orientations; however, they showed only moderate concern towards the environment. Nevertheless, results showed that the majority of the sample predominantly disposes of their clothing by means of pro-­‐environmental clothing disposal methods such as recycling, re-­‐using and donation. It was however found that different value orientations, beliefs and norms had varied influences on the clothing disposal behaviour. Ultimately, the findings indicated that it is relevant to explore consumer behaviour in a country with a growing economy and with various cultures, since values, beliefs and norms had a noteworthy influence on consumers’ clothing disposal behaviour.
Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Consumer Science
unrestricted

A adoção de práticas sustentáveis desde à produção de alimentos até o consumo final tem sido mais frequente nos últimos anos. Essas práticas sustentáveis estão embasadas na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, sem prejudicar as gerações futuras da humanidade. Nesse contexto, os proprietários das agroindústrias familiares se deparam com diversos desafios quando se trata da diminuição de impactos ambientais e, em consequência, da promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável. A adoção de práticas sustentáveis é resultado da compreensão da consciência ambiental e dos valores humanos, os quais desencadeiam as atitudes pró-ambientais e, assim, resulta em um comportamento ecológico. Neste sentido, objetivou-se analisar a influência da consciência ambiental e dos valores humanos sobre as atitudes pró-ambientais dos proprietários das agroindústrias familiares vinculadas ao PEAF/RS. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário, com quatro grupos de questões (perfil das agroindústrias familiares e atitudes pró-ambientais, Escala NEP, perfil socioeconômico, Escala Schwartz). A amostra corresponde aos 105 proprietários de agroindústrias familiares do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva, analise fatorial e correlação. Os resultados apresentam que mais da metade da amostra é composta por adultos, com grau de escolaridade elevado e com formação em cursos voltados para a gestão da agroindústria Além disso, 37% das agroindústrias familiares têm um tempo de existência entre um a cinco anos, com mão de obra familiar e com atividades predominantes em olericultura, bebidas e panificados, nas cidades de Caxias do Sul, Santa Maria e Lajeado. A aplicação das escalas, demonstrou que os proprietários das agroindústrias familiares possuem um nível elevado de consciência ambiental, com predominância nos valores humanos de ordem superior “conservação” e “autotranscendência”. Tais resultados revelam uma tendência de possuir um comportamento ecocêntrico e altruísta, conforme a Escala NEP e Schwartz, respectivamente. Além disso, observou-se que as agroindústrias familiares têm atitudes pró-ambientais, as quais são implantadas e praticadas pela agroindústria. De modo geral, 40% dos proprietários das agroindústrias acreditam que o empreendimento tem mais de 80% de atividades pró-ambientais, tais como, o uso de embalagens recicláveis, a prática de conscientização ambiental, a economia de energia, o uso correto do descarte dos resíduos sólidos. Porém não foi encontrado correlação entre as escalas e as atitudes pró-ambientais. Portanto, entende-se que esses resultados auxiliam as esferas federativas na formulação de uma política de benefícios, motivando-os aqueles que possuem mais adequação à preservação ambiental e incentivando outros proprietários a praticarem mais ações ambientais.
The adoption of sustainable practices from food production to final consumption has been more frequent in recent years. These sustainable practices are based on the promotion of sustainable development, without harming future generations of humanity. In this context, the owners of family agroindustries face several challenges when it comes to reducing environmental impacts and, as a consequence, promoting sustainable rural development. The adoption of sustainable practices is the result of an understanding of environmental awareness and human values, which triggers pro-environmental attitudes and thus results in ecological behavior. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the influence of environmental awareness and human values on the pro-environmental attitudes of the owners of family agroindustries linked to PEAF/RS. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire, with four groups of questions (profile of family agroindustries and pro-environmental attitudes, NEP Scale, socioeconomic profile, Schwartz Scale). The sample corresponds to the 105 owners of family agroindustries in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factorial analysis and correlation. The results show that more than half of the sample is composed of adults, with a high level of education and training in courses aimed at the management of agribusiness. In addition, 37% of family agroindustries have a life span of between one and five years, with family labor and predominant activities in olericultura, beverages and baked goods, in the cities of Caxias do Sul, Santa Maria and Lajeado The application of the scales, showed that the owners of the family agroindustries have a high level of environmental awareness, with a predominance of human values of higher order "conservation" and "self-transcendence". These results reveal a tendency to have an ecocentric and altruistic behavior, according to the NEP and Schwartz Scales, respectively. In addition, it was observed that family agroindustries have pro-environmental attitudes, which are implemented and practiced by the agroindustry. In general, 40% of the owners of agroindustries believe that the enterprise has more than 80% of pro-environmental activities, such as the use of recyclable packaging, the practice of environmental awareness, energy saving, the correct use of waste of solid waste. However, no correlation was found between the scales and the pro-environmental attitudes. Therefore, it is understood that these results help federative spheres in the formulation of a benefits policy, motivating those that are more adequate to environmental preservation and encouraging other owners to practice more environmental actions.

In today’s society, environmental concern might be at a historical peak. 2778 companies in 60 countries have now acquired the Benefit-Corporation (B-Corp) Certification in attempts to demonstrate their environmental responsibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of implementing the B-Corp Certification in a USA automotive dealership on employee pro-environmental behavior and life satisfaction, with consideration of the moderating role of commitment to the B-Corp Certification. A within-group quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the effects of the certification over a 5-month period through self-reported measures. Thirty-three employees participated in this study. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to measure differences in employee pro-environmental behavior before and after the implementation of the B-Corp Certification. Through bivariate correlations the relationship between employee pro-environmental behavior and life satisfaction was analyzed. Partial correlation was used to test the moderating role of commitment in determining the strength of the implementation on employee pro-environmental behavior. There was no difference between pre- and post-measurements of employee pro-environmental behavior. Commitment to the B-Corp Certification did not moderate the effectiveness of the implementation of the B-Corp Certification on employee pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, no relationship was found between pro-environmental behavior and life satisfaction. Finally, results are discussed within the context of industrial- and organizational(IO) psychology, as are the implications for future research and interventions aimed at increasingemployee pro-environmental behaviors.

Holiday air travel behaviors are nowadays a significant issue in relation to climate change and sustainable tourism. Indeed, transportation, and especially air transportation, have a significant role in climate change. Hence, it is important that the tourism industry includes the transportation sector when developing solutions for sustainable tourism. As students are the future main target group of this industry, it is important to understand the reasons behind their choices. Until now, travel behaviors have been explained using single and specific theories, which did not include many factors explaining holiday air travel decisions. In this study, this concern is addressed by combining two theories in relation to behavior formation - the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory - in order to understand all motivations and barriers behind students’ holiday air travel behaviors. The analysis of the findings shows that many internal and external factors affect students decisions in regards to flying during holidays, including values, beliefs, social and personal norms, as well as accessibility, country of origin, price, time, distance, and social influence. However, the analysis of the results also demonstrates two gaps between attitudes and behaviors within the student community, which link to the cognitive dissonance theory: an awareness-attitude behavior gap and a contextual gap. The paper argues that while the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory can be used simultaneously in order to analyze decisions regarding holiday air transportation, they are not sufficient as these two gaps emerged. The study concludes suggesting destination developers and national governments to take into account the present factors behind students’ decisions in order to develop sustainable destinations.

碩士
國立臺南大學
科技管理研究所碩士班
99
Despite it’s improved effect of the value on behavior, which is discussed on the organization , but it is unclear for the pro-environmental values on the effect of pro-environmental behavior in working as well as its process of disturbing. As a result, the framework of this study is mainly based on the effect of pro-environmental value on environmental behavior in working, and then infer the conclusion accruing to the documentation that the environmental behavior of supervisor ,colleagues and family in working has the impact on the one of staff in working environmental. The final section focus basically on the social influence theory, and taking pro-environmental behavior of supervisor, colleagues and family as the disturbing element. 　　The study of the recipient concentrate on the employee, with the 122 valid questionnaire, and forward to the hierarchical regression analyses. The result shows that the pro-environmental value on the pro-environmental behavior is positive correlation ship, while it’s the direct effect about the pro-environmental behavior in working of supervisor ,colleague and family on the pro-environmental behavior of colleagues on working. However the three disturbing element doesn’t have the obvious impact on this study.

This study examined the perception of barriers to pro-environmental behaviour for different population segments in British Columbia. Cultural cognition scales were used to assign cultural values to participants (i.e., hierarchy-egalitarianism scale and individualism-communitarianism scale). Psychological and socio-cultural barriers were assessed using the list of dragons of inaction. Data on cultural values, perception of climate change risk, perception of barriers, frequency of pro-environmental behaviour, climate change knowledge and socio-demographic variables were collected using online surveys. Egalitarian values were correlated with greater climate change risk perception and with weaker perception of barriers to pro-environmental behaviour. Greater climate change risk perception was also associated with more pro-environmental behaviour. The effect of cultural values on barrier perception was partly mediated by climate change risk perception. These findings suggest that future research should focus on lessening the discrepancy between scientific climate change risk perception and public climate change risk perception, which can, in turn, increase the frequency of pro-environmental behaviour.
Graduate
0768
0451
lacroixk@uvic.ca

碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
105
In this study, we examine how employee’s Environmental Values and Pro-Environment Norms at work are related to Pro-environment Behaviors. As firm’s action is one of the main sources of environmental problems, it is vital that we investigate how we can make them greener, both external and internal. Here we explore the internal aspect of what influences employees to perform pro-environment behaviors. An online survey was distributed randomly to employees in different companies and industries of Taiwan, and a number of 187 usable surveys were returned. Our results confirm the positive link between the relationships between employees’ Environmental Values to Pro-environment Behavior, and Pro-Environment Norms at work to Pro-environment Behavior. In the latter finding, it gives us a clue that if firms could build an environmental friendly atmosphere, it may influence one’s Pro-environment Behavior. The results may benefit managers and organizations that hope to increase their employee’s green behavior, and governments that wish to promote Pro-environment Behaviors within organizations.

博士
國立中興大學
園藝學系所
102
Review of rural tourism researches that rarely investigate the relationship between attributes and values, howere, product attributes and values is one of the important factors that influence consumer choices behavior. In addition, sustainable tourism development, environmental factors are also an important that is less involved in rural tourism researches. The purpose of this study to understand the attributes, consequence and value of rural tourism destination. In addition, understand the relationship between a model of the new environment paradigm, rural tourism values and pro-environmental behavior. We administered a questionnaire to 710 rural tourism tourists. The results include 7 attributes, 8consequences and 5values, and displays the new environmental paradigm, attributs of rural tourism、consequence of rural tourism、value of rural tourism were important determinants of shared pro-environmental behavior. The results support the expectancy-value theory can explain the properties of rural tourism, links with attributes, consequences and values. Thr-component theory of attitude can support new environmental paradigm, the relationship between the value of rural tourism and pro-environmental behavior. Suggested rural tourism operators may proceed from the value of rural tourism to rural tourism environmental behavior of consumers planning to induce consumers to environmental behaviors. As well as by environmental education, environmental education station was established to provide visitors to know more ecological and environmental conservation knowledge, and thus engage in environmental behavior.

博士
長榮大學
經營管理研究所
106
From previous literature review, there are rare studies focus on integrating Sustainability Values (SVs), theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) to predict potential travelers’ behavioral intention. In view of this, the research is designed to propose comprehensive understanding potential travelers’ choices for sustainable hospitality businesses by integrating SV, TPB and UTAUT2 into a theoretical framework and by considering moderating impact of age. Prior studies have mentioned TPB identified the role of attitude, perceived behavior control, and moral obligation in generating intention. Various kinds of studies have applied theory of planned behavior, norm activation, and values-beliefs norms to explain pro-environmental behavior. However, the use of TPB and extended UTAUT model to explain pro-environmental behavior is lacking. Data was collected from 34 northern, 2 central, and 6 southern Taiwanese consolidated headquarter travel agencies. Email questionnaires were distributed to 630 tourists selected from 42 travel agencies. The proposed model will be also exam with an AMOS procedure of structural equation modeling (SEM), and the maximum likelihood method of estimation. The results indicated that (1) SVs is positively significant impacted pro-environmental behavioral intention, (2) SVs positively significant impacted attitude, social influence, perceived behavioral control, and habit respectively, (3) attitude, perceived behavioral control, and habit is positively mediated the effect between SVs and pro-environmental behavioral intention respectively, (4) social demographic variable of age is positively moderated the effect between SVs and social influence. Keywords: sustainability values, theory of planned behavior, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology2, pro-environment behavioral intention.

The agri-food supply chain is currently far from being sustainable due to its negative contribution to environmental degradation, climate change, public health and social equity. Individuals as consumers play a key role in favouring the transition towards a sustainable food system. Switching towards more sustainable food consumption patterns can trigger changes on the supply side and contribute to policy efforts aimed at pursuing sustainable development. In this context, the aspects such as the drivers and barriers to sustainable consumption, consumer behaviour towards sustainable choices and how to effectively tackle unsustainable food habits have become paramount. Therefore, to fill the research gaps in the existing literature, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of environmental and social sustainability attributes on food choices and investigate the decision-making process adopted by food consumers when choosing sustainable products.

Avitourism (birding) in South Africa, with remarkable birdlife, provides economic, social and conservation opportunities. Globally, bird species are decreasing rapidly due to environmental degradation and climate change. The dependence of avitourism on natural resources is undisputable, urging further research. Avitourism research is embryonic compared to higher-order tourism markets (i.e. naturebased) and under-researched in the southern hemisphere. Despite increased international scholarship, substantial knowledge gaps remain regarding strategies to enhance sustainable avitourism. Education, encouraging changes in environmental behaviour, is essential to solve environmental problems. The current day learners influence the future state of the natural environment and consequently the sustainability of avitourism in South Africa. The research therefore aimed to develop a literacy model for sustainable avitourism aimed at secondary school learners in Gauteng (South Africa). In phase 1 of the methodological procedure, mechanisms facilitating behavioural change towards nature were explored. A conceptual literacy framework for sustainable avitourism was developed in phase 2 (theoretical contribution). Phase 3, consisted empirical research. Multi-stage sampling was used to collect primary data by distributing questionnaires at 17 purposively selected secondary schools in Gauteng from July to October 2014. The data were obtained from n = 5 488 secondary school learners (aged 13–17). Descriptive statistics provided insight into ‘environmental and avitourism literacy’ of the learners. Exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA; CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to test the conceptual literacy framework. Obtaining the primary objective, a literacy model for sustainable avitourism was developed and confirmed (empirical contribution). Critical paths were identified in the model to enhance the likelihood of behavioural change. The literacy model could be useful for environmental education and avitourism roleplayers, assisting in curriculum development and evaluation (practical contribution). This model could also be applied to other educational contexts, including art and music. Bird education teaches a love for birds and nature, leading to conservation and sustained birdlife, to ensure avitourism attractions in the future. The development of sustainable avitourism intervention programmes is suggested for further research. Longitudinal research could evaluate the effects of the intervention programmes.Ultimately, the learners of today are the responsible citizens and tourists of tomorrow.
Abstract in English, Sesotho and Afrikaans
Transport, Logistics and Tourism
D.Phil. (Management Studies)

碩士
世新大學
觀光學研究所(含碩專班)
102
This study explained the gap between Leave No Trace (LNT) knowledge and mountaineering pro-environmental behavior. The “Model of Pro-environmental Behavior” developed by Kollmuss & Agyeman, the relationships between foest value orientations, LNT knowledge and environmental emotional involvement and the influence of the three factors on mountaineering pro-environmental behavior were investigated. Data were collected at Bei-Cha-tian-shan trail and the mountaineer who have climbed Bei-Cha-tian-shan were surveyed. The questionnaire consisted five sections, including demographic, mountaineering behavior, forest value orientations, emotional involvement and LNT knowledge. Descriptive analysis, T test, correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that LNT knowledge had significant influence on washing dish and the choice of trail path. Environmental emotional involvement had significant influence on “trail passing” and “respecting wildlife”. Forest value orientations had significant influence on “washing dish” and “choosing campsite”. The implications of the finding are discussed, and the further research is suggested.

碩士
國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
96
ABSTRACT The Impacts of Value and Environmental cognition on pro-environmental behaviors - Taipei Metropolitan Area Case Study by Chih-Ming Tien- JULY 2008 ADVISOR(S)：Dr. –Chung-Hsin Yang DEPARTMENT：GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF URBAN PLANNING MAJOR：LAND USE AND TRANSIT DEGREE：MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Understood that the populace value and the environment cognition to influence of the environment behavior are a very important matter, if can know that behavior of the what kind of value populace favors in the environment is unfriendly, is helpful in aims at the such populace to draw up environmental protection of policy the regulated; Next, if the environment cognition degree recover Gao Zheqi the behavior to the environment to meanly, then may ponder that strengthens the environmental education and the guidance works, enhances the populace to cognition of the environment, achieves the environmental protection or the environment improvement goal. Of of therefore real diagnosis of the populace value, the cognition as well as the environment behavior relations are a quite important research subject This paper employs Schwartz’s Scale of Values with age above18 in Taipei Metro. The questionnaires which can detect public’s perceptions on greenhouse effects and the pro-environmental behaviors are designed along with the value survey. The main purposes of this survey study are as follows: （1）To test the emergence of the two value dimension claimed by Schwartz’s; i.e. dimensions of Self-Enhancement versus Self-Transcendence (T/E) and Openness to Change versus Conservation (O/C). （2）Identify the dimensions of values of the general public in Taipei Metro. （3）Understand the general public’s perceptions in environmental in Taipei Metro. （4） Empirically test the relationships between the Pro-environmental behaviors and the value patterns and greenhouse perceptions. The following findings are established based on the descriptive statistics: (1) The items received greatly concerns by the general public in Taipei Metro are Honoring Parents , family security , Protecting the environment , Preventing pollution , Respecting the earth , True friendship clean , A World at Peace etc. (2) The environment cognition aspect, discovered that the populace are high regarding the environment cognition degree, some even reach as high as 90%, but has 60% populace approval to actual participation environmental protection; It is noteworthy that the populace regarding nowadays average water and electricity charges understanding suitable low, regardless of being the electricity price or the sailor, has the populace who reaches as high as in over 80% not to be clear, is question which is noteworthy. (3) In the environment behavior's part, the populace have the different height degree behavior regarding each item of environment positive behavior, demonstrated that the populace will compare in the positive behavior which generally thought to be potential achievement, but does not pay attention in some populace has not displayed the same investment degree. Mayor findings derived from value dimension tests include: （1） Three value dimensions are identified from general public in Taipei Metro; They are: (i) Stable and peace dimension which locating on Schwartz’ quadrant Ⅳ. (ii) Innovation and joyful which covers Schwartz’s quadrantⅠ、Ⅱ（iii）Power and authority which locating on Schwartz’s Ⅲ. Regarding to the empirical test on the relationships between values, perceptions and behavior, the major findings include: (1) The general public’s age, income , education , the Stable and peace value and environmental cognition are the predictors of the pro-environmental behaviors. The higher the age, the income, the preference on stable and peace value identified and higher environmental cognition, the higher the tendency to adopt pro-environmental behaviors. (2) There are no significant relationships between pro-environmental behaviors and the public’s gender , and housing ownership. Keywords：value, Schwartz’s Scale of Values, environmental cognition, pro-environmental behaviors

碩士
國立屏東大學
國際貿易學系碩士班
107
Solving climate change is vital to all people. From a social psychological perspective, knowledge influencing values plays an important role in individual’s behavior change. The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of environmental knowledge on values that encourage individuals’ participation in private-sphere and public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors. Through online and offline survey, this study collected 380 valid responses to test the hypotheses. The effective questionnaire ratio was 94.8%. 　　The result of PLS (partial least squares) showed that: (1) self-efficacy, self-identity and altruistic value positively affected environmental knowledge.; (2) self-efficacy had no directly effect on private-sphere pro-environmental behavior.; (3) self-identity and altruistic value positively affected private-sphere pro-environmental behavior. ;(4) self-efficacy and self-identity positively affected public-sphere pro-environmental behavior.; (5) altruistic value had no effect on public-sphere pro-environmental behavior. The findings provide management implications for authorities and related interest groups for pro-environmental education.

The thesis focuses on the draft project for the middle school age children. The theoretical part characterizes the children of the middle school age. Further, it describes moral thinking and the perception of values from the perspective of history. The next chapters are dedicated to the education towards values and environmental ethics. The practical part includes the didactical draft project. The draft contains activities, which help to develop ecological thinking together with the associated value system of an individual. The main idea of the whole project is the identification of the individual with nature as with himself. There are also used non-directive methods of moral education that help the individuals to realize the responsibility for their behavior on the Earth.

The work has two parts - theoretical and practical. Theoretical part consists of two main themes: the relationship of man to nature, where we deal with the characteristics, development history and the influence of direct contact with nature in the development of individuals, and present selected aspects of the current state of the world, and values for sustainable development. The second part is devoted to environmental education, the basic starting points and objectives and identifies principles of effective environmental education. The practical part is a project of stay summer camp with ecoeducational content on the theme of "Disaster".

abstract: This study investigates how well prominent behavioral theories from social psychology explain green purchasing behavior (GPB). I assess three prominent theories in terms of their suitability for GPB research, their attractiveness to GPB empiricists, and the strength of their empirical evidence when applied to GPB. First, a qualitative assessment of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Norm Activation Theory (NAT), and Value-Belief-Norm Theory (VBN) is conducted to evaluate a) how well the phenomenon and concepts in each theory match the characteristics of pro-environmental behavior and b) how well the assumptions made in each theory match common assumptions made in purchasing theory. Second, a quantitative assessment of these three theories is conducted in which r2 values and methodological parameters (e.g., sample size) are collected from a sample of 21 empirical studies on GPB to evaluate the accuracy and generalize-ability of empirical evidence. In the qualitative assessment, the results show each theory has its advantages and disadvantages. The results also provide a theoretically-grounded roadmap for modifying each theory to be more suitable for GPB research. In the quantitative assessment, the TPB outperforms the other two theories in every aspect taken into consideration. It proves to 1) create the most accurate models 2) be supported by the most generalize-able empirical evidence and 3) be the most attractive theory to empiricists. Although the TPB establishes itself as the best foundational theory for an empiricist to start from, it's clear that a more comprehensive model is needed to achieve consistent results and improve our understanding of GPB. NAT and the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB) offer pathways to extend the TPB. The TIB seems particularly apt for this endeavor, while VBN does not appear to have much to offer. Overall, the TPB has already proven to hold a relatively high predictive value. But with the state of ecosystem services continuing to decline on a global scale, it's important for models of GPB to become more accurate and reliable. Better models have the capacity to help marketing professionals, product developers, and policy makers develop strategies for encouraging consumers to buy green products.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Sustainability 2012