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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Private security services – England"
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Abd-Alrazaq, Alaa, Ali Abdallah Alalwan, Brian McMillan, Bridgette M. Bewick, Mowafa Househ et Alaa T. AL-Zyadat. « Patients’ Adoption of Electronic Personal Health Records in England : Secondary Data Analysis ». Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no 10 (7 octobre 2020) : e17499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17499.
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Background In England, almost all general practices (GPs) have implemented GP online services such as electronic personal health records (ePHRs) that allow people to schedule appointments, request repeat prescriptions, and access parts of their medical records. The overall adoption rate of GP online services has been low, reaching just 28% in October 2019. In a previous study, Abd-Alrazaq et al adopted a model to assess the factors that influence patients’ use of GP online services in England. According to the previous literature, the predictive power of the Abd-Alrazaq model could be improved by proposing new associations between the existing variables in the model. Objective This study aims to improve the predictive power of the Abd-Alrazaq model by proposing new relationships between the existing variables in the model. Methods The Abd-Alrazaq model was amended by proposing new direct, mediating, moderating, and moderated mediating effects. The amended model was examined using data from a previous study, which were collected by a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 4 GPs in West Yorkshire, England. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the theoretical model and hypotheses. Results The new model accounted for 53% of the variance in performance expectancy (PE), 76% of the variance in behavioral intention (BI), and 49% of the variance in use behavior (UB). In addition to the significant associations found in the previous study, this study found that social influence (SI) and facilitating conditions (FCs) are associated with PE directly and BI indirectly through PE. The association between BI and UB was stronger for younger women with higher levels of education, income, and internet access. The indirect effects of effort expectancy (EE), perceived privacy and security (PPS), and SI on BI were statistically stronger for women without internet access, patients with internet access, and patients without internet access, respectively. The indirect effect of PPS on BI was stronger for patients with college education or diploma than for those with secondary school education and lower, whereas the indirect effect of EE on BI was stronger for patients with secondary school education or lower than for those with college education or a diploma. Conclusions The predictive power of the Abd-Alrazaq model improved by virtue of new significant associations that were not examined before in the context of ePHRs. Further studies are required to validate the new model in different contexts and to improve its predictive power by proposing new variables. The influential factors found in this study should be considered to improve patients’ use of ePHRs.
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Katusiime, B., P. Sarma, S. Corlett et R. Cassidy. « My HIV Care – Preferences of people living with HIV for medicine-related support from community pharmacists ». International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (30 novembre 2022) : ii26—ii27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.030.
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Abstract Introduction HIV is now a long-term condition, presenting new challenges for primary care providers. Hospital-based specialists have traditionally provided medicine-related support to people living with HIV (PLWH) within secondary care clinics,1 but with an aging population and rising polypharmacy2 other forms of support will be needed. Although community pharmacists (CPs) are already involved in sexual and reproductive health service delivery to varying magnitudes,3 it is unknown whether PLWH want them to be involved in their HIV treatment and medicine support. Aim To understand the pReferences and perceptions of PLWH towards CP involvement in their care. Methods An online survey, promoted to UK HIV charities and activists via social media (November 2021–July 2022), asked about pReferences for medicine-related support and the involvement of CPs in PLWH’s care. Questions explored factors that would influence use of CPs for all services. Views on sharing HIV diagnoses with CPs during medicine-related consultations were also obtained. Descriptive analysis was used. Institutional ethics approval was obtained. Results Approximately half (73/144) of those who accessed the survey fully completed it: 57.5% male; age 22-80 years. Of those who provided demographic data: 88.9%(n=48/54) were white; gay/lesbian (64.8%, n=35); University-level education (57.4%, n=31) and employed (55.6%, n=30). CPs were rated among the least helpful health professionals in terms of medicine support (2.7%, n=2) compared to general practitioners (13.7%, n=10), HIV clinic-based nurses (35.6%, n=26), specialist pharmacists (42.5%, n=31) or consultants (56.2%, n=41). Over half (56.1%, n=41) were unsure or did not want their CP to be involved in their HIV care. Patient autonomy/self-efficacy, mistrust, concerns around stigma and privacy/confidentiality of information shared in community pharmacy settings, and perceived lack of HIV-related knowledge among CPs influenced participants’ pReferences: “they don’t need to know or don’t have the understanding of HIV and HIV meds to correctly use this information. I check drug and treatment interactions or complications before procedures myself.” Many participants wanted more information on HIV-related drug interactions and less judgemental attitudes: "if they could be less racist and homophobic and normalise conversations about HIV.” Some participants wanted holistic supply of all their antiretroviral and non-HIV medicines from their community pharmacies. There was equal resistance from other participants: “I certainly wouldn’t want my HIV care to be done by a chemist...” Expectedly, more participants were willing to share information about their HIV status and antiretroviral drug history during private (39.7%, n= 29) compared to over-the-counter consultations (28.8%, n= 21). Reasons for sharing information with CPs were positive: “so that they fully understand my medical circumstances and help me accordingly” and “in case of interactions”. Discussion/Conclusion Whereas some PLWH want more involvement of CPs in their care, others are sceptical of their role in HIV, similar to other primary care providers.1 This study was limited to online respondents. Future research is needed to explore how to build confidence of PLWH in CPs with regards to their changing medicine support needs. Understanding training needs of CPs and promoting HIV-friendly community pharmacies will be key in supporting medicine needs of PLWH. References 1. Rai T et al. Experience of primary care for people with HIV: a mixed-method analysis. BJGP Open, 2019;3(4):1-14 2. Baylis A et al. The future of HIV services in England -shaping the response to changing needs. Kings Fund Report. 2017;1-100 3. Public Health England (The UK Health Security Agency). The pharmacy offer for sexual health, reproductive health and HIV - a resource for commissioners and providers, 2019;1-25
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Saltirovska, Zorica. « The Development of Private Security and the Dillemas Surrounding the Effects of Private Security Services ». Security Dialogues /Безбедносни дијалози 2 (2016) : 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47054/sd1620081s.
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Kim, Yang-hyun. « A Study on Work Scope of Private Security Guards in Multi-Family Housing ». Korean Society of Private Security 21, no 4 (31 octobre 2022) : 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2022.21.4.33.
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『Security Services Industry Act』 strictly prohibits private security guards from performing tasks outside of guard services duties. However, in reality, private security guards in multi-family housing perform other tasks in addition to providing guard services. In order to resolve this gap between the system and reality, 『Multi-Family Housing Management Act』 was revised on October 20th, 2021 to provide exemptions in regard to applying 『Security Services Industry Act』 to private security guards in multi-family housing. According to this revision, multi-family housing residents cannot give illegal instructions or commands to private security guards. Despite various efforts such as the revision of related laws, the issue regarding the work scope of private security guards in multi-family housing is being raised repeatedly. This study provided further discussions related to the work scope of private security guards in multi-family housing, one year after the enforcement of the new system. Main conclusions of this study are as follows. Major points that need to be addressed when revising the laws related to the work scope of private security guards in multi-family housing were suggested. First, the gap between the law related to the work scope of private security guards in multi-family housing and reality was pointed out. Second, the need for the unification of regulations that are related to the tasks of private security guards in multi-family housing was pointed out. Third, the need for the change in public attitude of citizens regarding the role of private security guards in multi-family housing was pointed out.
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Pattison, James. « From defence to offence : The ethics of private cybersecurity ». European Journal of International Security 5, no 2 (19 mai 2020) : 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2020.6.
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AbstractThe cyber realm is increasingly vital to national security, but much of cybersecurity is provided privately. Private firms provide a range of roles, from purely defensive operations to more controversial ones, such as active-cyber defense (ACD) and ‘hacking back’. As with the outsourcing of traditional military and security services to private military and security companies (PMSCs), the reliance on private firms raises the ethical question of to what extent the private sector should be involved in providing security services. In this article, I consider this question. I argue that a moderately restrictive approach should be adopted, which holds that private firms can justifiably launch some cybersecurity services – defensive measures – but are not permitted to perform others – offensive measures.
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Khalyasov, Ilshat S., et Andrey G. Svetlakov. « TO THE QUESTION OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF COUNTERACTION CRIMINALIZATION IN THE MARKET OF SECURITY SERVICES ». Today and Tomorrow of Russian Economy, no 107-108 (2022) : 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/1993-4947-2022-107-108-05.
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This article discusses the issues of decriminalization of the security services market, the author’s definition of this concept is proposed; the functions of private security companies in the implementation of public and private interests, the scheme of interaction between security officers, security companies, customer organizations and the state in the security services market are presented. The characteristic features of the implementation of security activities in Russia are considered, the powers of security officers are determined, including the protection of the life and health of citizens, the protection of objects and property, consulting, ensuring public order, conducting inspections while ensuring intra-object and access control. The analysis of foreign experience in the implementation of security services in the United States, Germany, Bulgaria and China, as well as the interaction of private security companies with private military companies. The level of salaries of security officers in Russia and foreign countries is presented.
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Avant, Deborah, et Kara Kingma Neu. « The Private Security Events Database ». Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no 8 (30 janvier 2019) : 1986–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002718824394.
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Since the 1990s, the private provision of military and security services has become a common feature of local, national, and transnational politics. The prevalence of private security has generated important questions about its consequences, but data to answer these questions are sparse. In this article, we introduce the Private Security Events Database (PSED) that traces the involvement of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in events in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2012. We describe the PSED project, highlight its descriptive findings, conduct a replication and reanalysis of Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski’s contract data in Africa, and compare the two databases’ coverage of Sierra Leone from 1991 to 1997. Our analysis demonstrates new insights into the relationship between PMSCs and civil war duration, confirming a correlation between PMSC presence and shorter conflicts, but questioning the logic Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski propose. It also points to a number of productive paths for future research.
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GABRIEL, Jacek, et Adam KOŁODZIEJCZYK. « PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES AND THE DEONTOLOGICAL CODES ». National Security Studies 15, no 1 (13 décembre 2018) : 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/sbn/132157.
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The article is an analysis of the private security companies’ activities, safeguarding people and property, in the context of compliance to ethical codes. The private security market in Poland was created last century in the eighties, and took over part of the tasks carried out thus far by the police and the army, which dealt with the protection of state institutions, and critical infrastructure of the country. The authors in their analysis point out that uniformed services, which previously dealt with protection, have had not only legal authorization in the implementation of such tasks, but also an extensive codes of honor, or ethical codes of conduct. Currently, there are few companies operating on the security market that have such codes of ethics. The authors suggest that the introduction of ethical (deontological) codes by private companies will increase the level of services provided, and contribute to the increase in the prestige of the protection profession.
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Trounstine, Jessica. « The Privatization of Public Services in American Cities ». Social Science History 39, no 3 (2015) : 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.61.
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In the United States, significant variation regarding the quality of public goods exists across local governments. In this article, I seek to explain these patterns. I argue that economically and racially homogenous communities are collectively willing to invest more resources in public goods relative to diverse communities. I provide evidence in support of this claim by analyzing the relationship between race and income diversity and the share of community security and education that is provided by private entities. I find that as racial diversity and income inequality increase, the share of private security guards and white children enrolled in private school is higher.
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Tzifakis, Nikolaos. « Contracting out to Private Military and Security Companies : The Market for Security Services ». European View 11, no 1 (juin 2012) : 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12290-012-0197-3.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Private security services – England"
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Liyanage, M. (Madhusanka). « Enhancing security and scalability of Virtual Private LAN Services ». Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213767.
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Abstract Ethernet based VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service) is a transparent, protocol independent, multipoint L2VPN (Layer 2 Virtual Private Network) mechanism to interconnect remote customer sites over IP (Internet Protocol) or MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) based provider networks. VPLS networks are now becoming attractive in many Enterprise applications, such as DCI (data center interconnect), voice over IP (VoIP) and videoconferencing services due to their simple, protocol-independent and cost efficient operation. However, these new VPLS applications demand additional requirements, such as elevated security, enhanced scalability, optimum utilization of network resources and further reduction in operational costs. Hence, the motivation of this thesis is to develop secure and scalable VPLS architectures for future communication networks. First, a scalable secure flat-VPLS architecture is proposed based on a Host Identity Protocol (HIP). It contains a session key-based security mechanism and an efficient broadcast mechanism that increase the forwarding and security plane scalability of VPLS networks. Second, a secure hierarchical-VPLS architecture is proposed to achieve control plane scalability. A novel encrypted label-based secure frame forwarding mechanism is designed to transport L2 frames over a hierarchical VPLS network. Third, a novel Distributed Spanning Tree Protocol (DSTP) is designed to maintain a loop free Ethernet network over a VPLS network. With DSTP it is proposed to run a modified STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) instance in each remote segment of the VPLS network. In addition, two Redundancy Identification Mechanisms (RIMs) termed Customer Associated RIMs (CARIM) and Provider Associated RIMs (PARIM) are used to mitigate the impact of invisible loops in the provider network. Lastly, a novel SDN (Software Defined Networking) based VPLS (Soft-VPLS) architecture is designed to overcome tunnel management limitations in legacy secure VPLS architectures. Moreover, three new mechanisms are proposed to improve the performance of legacy tunnel management functions: 1) A dynamic tunnel establishment mechanism, 2) a tunnel resumption mechanism and 3) a fast transmission mechanism. The proposed architecture utilizes a centralized controller to command VPLS tunnel establishment based on real-time network behavior. Hence, the results of the thesis will help for more secure, scalable and efficient system design and development of VPLS networks. It will also help to optimize the utilization of network resources and further reduction in operational costs of future VPLS networksTiivistelmä Ethernet-pohjainen VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service) on läpinäkyvä, protokollasta riippumaton monipisteverkkomekanismi (Layer 2 Virtual Private Network, L2VPN), jolla yhdistetään asiakkaan etäkohteet IP (Internet Protocol)- tai MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) -yhteyskäytäntöön pohjautuvien palveluntarjoajan verkkojen kautta. VPLS-verkoista on yksinkertaisen protokollasta riippumattoman ja kustannustehokkaan toimintatapansa ansiosta tullut kiinnostavia monien yrityssovellusten kannalta. Tällaisia sovelluksia ovat esimerkiksi DCI (Data Center Interconnect), VoIP (Voice over IP) ja videoneuvottelupalvelut. Uusilta VPLS-sovelluksilta vaaditaan kuitenkin uusia asioita, kuten parempaa tietoturvaa ja skaalautuvuutta, optimaalista verkkoresurssien hyödyntämistä ja käyttökustannusten pienentämistä entisestään. Tämän väitöskirjan tarkoituksena onkin kehittää turvallisia ja skaalautuvia VPLS-arkkitehtuureja tulevaisuuden tietoliikenneverkoille. Ensin väitöskirjassa esitellään skaalautuva ja turvallinen flat-VPLS-arkkitehtuuri, joka perustuu Host Identity Protocol (HIP) -protokollaan. Seuraavaksi käsitellään istuntoavaimiin perustuvaa tietoturvamekanismia ja tehokasta lähetysmekanismia, joka parantaa VPLS-verkkojen edelleenlähetyksen ja tietoturvatason skaalautuvuutta. Tämän jälkeen esitellään turvallinen, hierarkkinen VPLS-arkkitehtuuri, jolla saadaan aikaan ohjaustason skaalautuvuus. Väitöskirjassa kuvataan myös uusi salattu verkkotunnuksiin perustuva tietokehysten edelleenlähetysmekanismi, jolla L2-kehykset siirretään hierarkkisessa VPLS-verkossa. Lisäksi väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan uuden Distributed Spanning Tree Protocol (DSTP) -protokollan käyttämistä vapaan Ethernet-verkkosilmukan ylläpitämiseen VPLS-verkossa. DSTP:n avulla on mahdollista ajaa muokattu STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) -esiintymä jokaisessa VPLS-verkon etäsegmentissä. Väitöskirjassa esitetään myös kaksi Redundancy Identification Mechanism (RIM) -mekanismia, Customer Associated RIM (CARIM) ja Provider Associated RIM (PARIM), joilla pienennetään näkymättömien silmukoiden vaikutusta palveluntarjoajan verkossa. Viimeiseksi ehdotetaan uutta SDN (Software Defined Networking) -pohjaista VPLS-arkkitehtuuria (Soft-VPLS) vanhojen turvallisten VPLS-arkkitehtuurien tunnelinhallintaongelmien poistoon. Näiden lisäksi väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan kolmea uutta mekanismia, joilla voidaan parantaa vanhojen arkkitehtuurien tunnelinhallintatoimintoja: 1) dynaaminen tunnelinluontimekanismi, 2) tunnelin jatkomekanismi ja 3) nopea tiedonsiirtomekanismi. Ehdotetussa arkkitehtuurissa käytetään VPLS-tunnelin luomisen hallintaan keskitettyä ohjainta, joka perustuu reaaliaikaiseen verkon käyttäytymiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset auttavat suunnittelemaan ja kehittämään turvallisempia, skaalautuvampia ja tehokkaampia VLPS järjestelmiä, sekä auttavat hyödyntämään tehokkaammin verkon resursseja ja madaltamaan verkon operatiivisia kustannuksia
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Hetherington, Christopher John. « Private security as an essential component of Homeland Security / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FHetherington.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59). Also available online.
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Kim, Dae Woon. « Policing Private Security : A Comparative Study of Security Industry Regulation in Queensland and New South Wales ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365250.
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Over the past 50 years, the private security industry has entered a remarkable mass-growth phase, which has by no means come to an end. However, this increasing prominence has coincided with an upsurge in the number of scandalous events and adverse incidents associated with security providers. These include long-term chronic problems with violence, insider crime, fraud in contracting, and poor service standards. In the space of five decades, the importance and expansion of the size and role of private security have led licensing authorities in many countries to introduce special legislation to govern its growth and development, and Australia is no exception. Since the 1980s, the security industry regulatory regime in Australia has undergone a wave of licensing reforms as a response to recurring and emerging issues. The present study covers the transitional period of the 1970s-2000s and assesses four phases of development pathways: the pre-reform era (1970s); the first phase of reform (1980s-90s); the second phase of reform (2000s); and the ‘unfinished business era’ (2000s-present). The objective of this study is to review the progression of industry-specific regulations in-depth, presenting an inventory of licensing framework across Queensland and New South Wales with cross-jurisdictional input.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Hamilton, Sheilah Elizabeth. « Private security and government : a Hong Kong perspective, 1841-1941 / ». Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575102.
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Neple, Pernille. « The regulation of mercenary and private security-related activites under South African law compared to other legislations and conventions / ». Link to online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1603.
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Janaby, Mohamad. « The legal regime applicable to private military and security company personnel in armed conflicts ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228981.
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Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have been extensively used to provide military and security services in various armed conflicts. Aspects of their use have generated concerns that the personnel of these companies are no more than modern mercenaries. This thesis clarifies the legal regime applicable to such companies in armed conflicts. This regime includes both the legal status and legal regulation of PMSC personnel. The aim of this thesis is not to create a new status for PMSC personnel, but to clarify which of the existing legal statuses adopted by international humanitarian law (IHL) can apply to them. This status relies completely on the actors to whom these companies supply their services, and the sort of mission in which they are involved. This approach is not employed in the literature. Most attention has been paid to the use of PMSCs by States. This is not, however, the only scenario whereby PMSCs become engaged in armed conflicts. PMSCs provide their services to other actors such as the United Nations (UN), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and armed groups. Consequently, one definitive status cannot be applied in all situations. Different types of status can be applied in accordance with the nature of the particular PMSC involvement in armed conflicts. Accordingly, the three statuses established by IHL can apply to PMSC personnel; namely those of “mercenary”, “combatant” and “civilian”. Two environments classify the personnel of PMSCs as mercenaries; this is when they provide their services to a State party to an international armed conflict and to an armed group in non-international armed conflicts. Mercenary status is not applicable to the use of PMSCs in UN peacekeeping operations or providing protection to NGOs, because in both circumstances neither can be considered as a party to an armed conflict. PMSC personnel can be categorised as “combatants” when hired to provide their services to States and when they are used as UN peacekeepers. They are most likely to be classified as “civilians” if they are not “combatants”. There are two types of civilians; “civilians accompanying armed forces of a party to an armed conflict”, and “normal civilians”. The former categorisation only applies in international armed conflict, while the latter can apply to all other PMSC involvement in armed conflicts. Appropriate regulation of PMSCs depends on the legal status of their personnel. Therefore, this thesis asserts that IHL can regulate the activities of PMSCs. Additionally, international human rights law can apply to PMSCs and their personnel.
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Chapsos, I. « The privatisation of international security : the regulatory framework for Private Maritime Security Companies, using operations off Somalia, 2005-13, as a case study ». Thesis, Coventry University, 2014. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/4d43bb00-e16b-4326-aaa8-3ef5ec5026ac/1.
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This thesis examines the expansion of private maritime security provision, its regulation and implications for national and global security. The main research question addressed is: How are private maritime security companies (PMSCs) regulated in the context of the contemporary trend towards international security privatisation? However, further questions stem from this: Is the complex framework of the PMSCs’ business model adequately regulated? To what extent could the existing practices and regulatory framework affect international security in governance and policy, strategic, social and commercial terms? Qualitative research methods were used, strongly supported by empirical data collection – available due to extensive professional experience and personal engagement of the author with the private maritime security industry. Using a case study of PMSCs’ operations off Somalia from 2005-2013, and a plethora of selected data from primary sources and semi-structured interviews, the paper argues that there is need for more effective regulation of PMSCs and the establishment of international standards. Following an analysis of the current conceptual framework of private security, focussing particularly on maritime security, in the context of contemporary academic literature and professional practice, the paper provides a detailed theoretical justification for the selection of the methodology used. After broadening and deepening the analysis of the privatisation of security ashore, the concerns raised are then transferred to the maritime domain. The situation becomes even more complicated in the high seas due to inconsistencies between flag states’ regulations, the unregulated vastness of the oceans and the reluctance of any international body (such as the IMO) to undertake the essential task of regulating PMSCs. Building on this, an analytical framework that enables the integration of maritime security and contemporary piracy into the contemporary paradigm of global security is developed. An historical overview of piracy then demonstrates that modern piracy is an ancient phenomenon with contemporary local characteristics. The maritime crime’s causal factors remain more or less the same throughout human history and, the paper argues, PMSCs serve as a short term response to address the symptoms rather than the root causes. Given that PMSCs have so far been used primarily as measures against Somali piracy, activities in this specific region provide an appropriate case study. The development of a typology of piracy offers a deeper understanding of the regional distinctiveness of the phenomenon, which is essential to acquiring a holistic picture of the operational environment in which PMSCs are deployed. The above considerations are used as a basis for analysing the complexities of the PMSCs’ business model, in legal, operational and ethical terms. The questionable practices involved in these are not fully regulated by national states. Hence, their contract and deployment raise ethical, legal and operational concerns. In the penultimate chapter, these are further assessed in terms of the extent to which the existing regulatory framework and PMSCs’ practices affect international security in governance and policy, strategic, social and commercial terms. The research indicates that states are increasingly outsourcing the monopoly they have exercised in security provision - a trend that has also expanded the private sector’s activities and business at sea. However, the lack of international laws and the consequent unstandardized plethora of flag states’ regulations has meant that the burgeoning private security services are dependent on the global market to regulate themselves. States’ reluctance and/or inability to regulate these companies has allowed controversial practices to persist and the lack of an international body responsible for their regulation and vetting on a worldwide basis has inevitable consequences in terms of global security. The overall outcome of this thesis is an elucidation of the potential implications of the privatisation of maritime security - both positive and negative. Most significantly, it suggests this could present a significant threat to international security in the near future.
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Collins, Kevin G. « America's mercenaries war by proxy / ». Fort Leavenworth, KS : U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA479409.
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Ralby, Ian McDowell. « Private military and security companies in the uncharted spaces of the law ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252261.
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Storch, Thomas. « Private Sicherheitsdienste und Waffenrecht / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/323796885.pdf.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Private security services – England"
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James, Patterson. Private Games. New York : Vision, 2012.
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James, Patterson. Private games : A novel. New York : Little, Brown and Co., 2012.
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James, Patterson. Private London. Bath : Windsor|Paragon, 2012.
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James, Patterson. Private. New York : Little, Brown and Co., 2010.
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James, Patterson. Private. New York : Little, Brown and Company, 2010.
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James, Patterson. Private. New York : Little, Brown and Co., 2010.
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MacHovec, Frank J. Security services, security science. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A : Thomas, 1992.
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James, Patterson. Private : Los Angeles. Amsterdam : Cargo, 2010.
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Welch, Mary F., Diana E. Kole et Tonia Ferrell. Security services. Cleveland : Freedonia Group, 2000.
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Timm, Howard W. Introduction to private security. Pacific Grove, Calif : Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1991.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Private security services – England"
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Liu, Shuai, et Bin Hu. « LWE-Based Single-Server Block Private Information Retrieval Protocol ». Dans Security with Intelligent Computing and Big-data Services, 469–80. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16946-6_37.
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Westermeyer, Gloria. « Case Study : ISR Services of the Bundeswehr in Afghanistan ». Dans The Impact of Private Actors on Security Governance, 107–78. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02230-3_5.
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Watanabe, Kenji, et Takuya Hayashi. « PPP (Public-Private Partnership)-Based Business Continuity of Regional Banking Services for Communities in Wide-Area Disasters ». Dans Critical Information Infrastructures Security, 67–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33331-1_6.
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Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, Katarzyna. « Tasks of Operators of Essential Services and Digital Service Providers ». Dans Cybersecurity in Poland, 293–330. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_19.
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AbstractPublic tasks for cyberspace security occupy an important place in the National Security System of the Republic of Poland. The responsibility for ensuring cybersecurity lies with all network users, but public administration authorities play a significant role, with one of the basic tasks being activities to ensure public security and order. In the conditions of arrangements for the implementation of public tasks for national security, with particular emphasis on the specification of public tasks in the area of critical infrastructure protection, it is important to determine the catalogue of entities performing public tasks in the field of cyberspace security. It should be noted that these entities may be public entities performing public tasks, private entities performing public tasks based on the privatisation of public task implementation, and private entities performing their own tasks that are of significant public interest, or which were once carried out as public tasks but were subject to privatisation.
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Joshi, Deepa, Sadika Haque, Kamrun Nahar, Shahinur Tania, Jasber Singh et Tina Wallace. « Public Lives, Private Water : Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh ». Dans Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 67–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_4.
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AbstractIn Dhaka city and its fringe peri-urban sprawls water for domestic use is an increasingly contested commodity. The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry, which has spread unplanned in former wetlands and agrarian belts. However, unlike Dhaka, the almost fully industrialized peri-urban areas bordering the city, like many other such areas globally, function in an institutional vacuum. There are no formal institutional arrangements for water supply or sanitation. In the absence of regulations for mining groundwater for industrial use and weakly enforced norms for effluent discharge, the expansion of the RMG industry and other industries has had a disproportionate environmental impact. In this complex and challenging context, we apply a political economy lens to draw attention to the paradoxical situation of the increasingly “public” lives of poor Bangladeshi women working in large numbers in the RMG industry in situations of increasingly “private” and appropriated water sources in this institutionally liminal peri-urban space. Our findings show that poorly paid work for women in Bangladesh’s RMG industry does not translate to women’s empowerment because, among others, a persisting masculinity and the lack of reliable, appropriate and affordable WASH services make women’s domestic water work responsibilities obligatory and onerous.
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Matelski, Sławomir. « Secure Human Identification Protocol with Human-Computable Passwords ». Dans Information Security Practice and Experience, 452–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21280-2_25.
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AbstractIn this paper we present a new method of secure human-computer identification, which remains safe also in untrusted systems and environments. This method allows the elimination of any supplementary gadgets/devices or theft-sensitive biometric data used by the Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and using only one secret as a universal private key for all obtainable online accounts. However, the features of this solution make it best suited for use by the Authentication Authority with the Single-Sign-On (SSO) method of identity and access management, rather than for individual services. Such a key is used by our innovative challenge-response protocol to generate One-Time-Password, e.g., 6-digit OTP, could be calculated by a human in only 12 s, also offline on paper documents with an acceptable level of security required for post-quantum symmetric cyphers, thanks to the hard lattice problem with noise introduced by our new method, which we call Learning with Options (LWO). The secret has the form of an outline like a kind of handwritten autograph, designed in invisible ink on the mapping grid. The password generation process requires following such an invisible contour on the challenge matrix created randomly by the verifier and reading values from secret fields to easily calculate each digit of OTP.
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Anderson, Malcolm. « Private Security Services ». Dans In Thrall to Political Change, 404–16. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199693641.003.0018.
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Chesterman, Simon. « Intelligence services ». Dans Private Security, Public Order, 184–204. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574124.003.0009.
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« Surveying The Market In Maritime Private Security Services ». Dans Maritime Private Security, 45–57. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203126608-10.
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« Private Security in Tourism ». Dans Tourism-Oriented Policing and Protective Services, 95–125. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7579-5.ch004.
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The great majority of this book focuses in on public security in the form of law enforcement. However, it would be a mistake not to consider private security as an essential part of “tourism policing”. Private security in many places around the world functions as either an adjunct to law enforcement or as a close ally to these public agencies.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Private security services – England"
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Geddes, Mary, et Pooneh Bagheri Zadeh. « Forensic analysis of private browsing ». Dans 2016 International Conference On Cyber Security And Protection Of Digital Services (Cyber Security). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersecpods.2016.7502341.
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Moricova, Valeria. « OPTIMIZATION OF COMPETENCIES OF PERSONNEL POSITIONS IN PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES ». Dans 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/15/s05.090.
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Liyanage, Madhusanka, Mika Ylianttila et Andrei Gurtov. « Enhancing Security, Scalability and Flexibility of Virtual Private LAN Services ». Dans 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cit.2017.45.
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Liyanage, Madhusanka, Mika Ylianttila et Andrei Gurtov. « Secure hierarchical Virtual Private LAN Services for provider provisioned networks ». Dans 2013 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cns.2013.6682712.
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Veľas, Andrej, Zuzana Zvaková et Jozef Svetlík. « EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC ». Dans International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.0413.
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Wazid, Mohammad, Basudeb Bera, Ankush Mitra, Ashok Kumar Das et Rashid Ali. « Private blockchain-envisioned security framework for AI-enabled IoT-based drone-aided healthcare services ». Dans MobiCom '20 : The 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3414045.3415941.
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Prašiček, Darko. « Private Security Services as Part of a Potential Intelligence Community in the Republic of Slovenia ». Dans Twelfth Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe : From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy–making. University of Maribor Pres, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-174-2.30.
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Zvaková, Zuzana, et Andrej Veľas. « THE INNOVATION OF COMPETENCES OF THE PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES MEMBERS FOR THE FIRST AID PROVISION ». Dans 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.1547.
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Karapetyan, Larisa. « Emotional-Personal Well-Being as a Predictor of Social Perception of Representative of Security Services ». Dans The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-36.
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Objective: exploring the impact of emotional and personal well-being on the attitudes of security sector professionals towards other people, both those within their communication zone and those outside it. Methods: (1) Semantic differential technique (SD), where descriptors were represented by 24 personal qualities in terms of which the respondents were asked to evaluate two SD objects: people within their social circle, and those outside it; (2) Emotional-personal well-being self-evaluation technique (EPWBSE), where the respondents evaluate themselves in nine mono-scales. The research sample consisted of 2,229 people from different professional categories, including 298 representatives from the power block (98 people from the Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) and 200 respondents from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA)). Conclusions: It was found that representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs demonstrated more positive attitudes towards people from the communication sector, while representatives of the MoI showed more positive attitudes towards people in general. In the MIA sample, emotional-personal well-being is significantly higher and, at the same time, it is related to the dynamics of social perception: the higher the level of emotional-personal well-being, the more positively people in the communication zone are perceived, while the lower the SELB level, the more positively people, in general, are perceived. Trends in social perception in MD representatives can be preconditioned by other factors. Further to the conducted analysis, it is planned to study different-level determinants of social perception in representatives of different security services.
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Onescu, Dragos ionut. « EU AND CYBER SECURITY ». Dans eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-063.
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EU and cyber security Securing network and information systems in the EU is essential to ensure prosperity and to keep the online economy running. The European Union works on a number of fronts to ensure cybersecurity in Europe, from providing the delivery of better internet for kids to implementing the international cooperation on cybersecurity and cybercrime. As societies, governments and businesses become increasingly reliant on the Internet for the normal functioning of every-day activities and the supply of essential services, protecting cyberspace from malicious activities has become a critical action point for policymakers globally. While digital and networked technologies promise much, the implications of successful attacks can be huge. The continued rapid development of information and communication technologies, globalization, the drastic increase in data volumes and the growing number of different types of equipment connected to data networks have an impact on daily life, the economy and the functioning of the state. On the one hand, this level of ICT development will contribute to the improved availability and usability of services, enhance transparency and citizen participation in governance, and cut public as well as private sector costs. On the other hand, the increasing importance of technology is accompanied by an increase in the state's growing dependence on already entrenched e-solutions, and cements the expectation of technology operating eamlessly. Social processes are also becoming increasingly dependent on a growing number of information technology resources, and in the future attention must be drawn to the fact that society at large, and each individual in particular, will be able to maintain control over the corresponding processes. Otherwise, there is potential for information technologies to reduce the role of humans in the decision-making process, and processes may become self-regulatory (technological singularity). The number of state actors in cyberspace that are involved in cyber espionage targeted at computers connected to the Internet as well as closed networks continues to grow, with their aim being to collect information on both national security as well as economic interests. The amount and activeness of states capable of cyber-attacks are increasing. In addition to the activation of state actors, the ability of politically motivated individuals and groups with limited means to organize their activities using social networks and carry out denial of service and other types of attacks is growing as well. Meaningful and effective cooperation between the public and private sector in the development of cyber security organization as well as in preventing and resolving cyber incidents is becoming increasingly unavoidable. National defense and internal security are dependent on the private sector's infrastructure and resources, while at the same time the state can assist vital service providers and guarantors of national critical information infrastructure as a coordinator and balancer of various interests.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Private security services – England"
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Ozano, Kim, Andrew Roby et Jacob Tompkins. Learning Journey on Water Security : UK Water Offer. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.026.
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The overarching goals for the UK in relation to global water security are to; tackle and reverse growing water insecurity and its consequences caused by depletion and degradation of natural water sources; and address poor water management and increasing demand. To do this, the UK has a well-developed water ‘offer’ that together can help reach the goal of global water security. This note details some of that water offer: UK water leadership: The UK developed the concept of modern sanitation and water supply, with an early example being the Victorian Bazalgette London sewer; Ownership and regulation: The UK has four models of ownership: government department in Northern Ireland, GoCo in Scotland, Mutual in Wales, and private companies in England. But the common thread is strong and clear, regulation to deliver the right outcomes for society; Competition and markets: The UK set up the world’s first water retail markets for business customers, delivering savings and environmental benefits. Similar market mechanisms are being developed for sewage sludge, which will help drive circular economy solutions; Innovation: The UK has a huge number of water tech start-ups and most water companies have labs and pilot schemes to support these fledgling companies. At the same time, the English regulator, Ofwat, has established a huge innovation fund, which along with the Scottish Hydro Nation initiative has made the UK the best place in the world for water innovation and tech.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor