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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Pricing – Great Britain »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Pricing – Great Britain"

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Rehdanz, Katrin. « Hedonic Pricing of Climate Change Impacts to Households in Great Britain ». Climatic Change 74, no 4 (6 mars 2006) : 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-3486-5.

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Ng, Shu Wen, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Susan A. Jebb et Barry M. Popkin. « Patterns and trends of beverage consumption among children and adults in Great Britain, 1986–2009 ». British Journal of Nutrition 108, no 3 (20 décembre 2011) : 536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511006465.

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Many dietary recommendations include reduction of excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and other energy-rich beverages such as juices and alcohol. The present study examines surveys of both individual dietary intake data and household food expenditure surveys to provide a picture of patterns and trends in beverage intake and purchases in Great Britain from 1986 to 2009, and estimates the potential for pricing policy to promote more healthful beverage purchase patterns. In 2008–9, beverages accounted for 21, 14 and 18 % of daily energy intake for children aged 1·5–18 and 4–18 years, and adults (19–64 years), respectively. Since the 1990s, the most important shifts have been a reduction in consumption of high-fat dairy products and an increased consumption of fruit juices and reduced-fat milk among preschoolers, children and adolescents. Among adults, consumption of high-fat milk beverages, sweetened tea and coffee and other energy-containing drinks fell, but reduced-fat milk, alcohol (particularly beer) and fruit juice rose. In testing taxation as an option for shifting beverage purchase patterns, we calculate that a 10 % increase in the price of SSB could potentially result in a decrease of 7·5 ml/capita per d. A similar 10 % tax on high-fat milk is associated with a reduction of high-fat milk purchases by 5 ml/capita per d and increased reduced-fat milk purchase by 7 ml/capita per d. This analysis implies that taxation or other methods of shifting relative costs of these beverages could be a way to improve beverage choices in Great Britain.
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Beck, Thomas J. « The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI)‐‐Wiley Digital Archives ». Charleston Advisor 21, no 2 (1 octobre 2019) : 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.2.34.

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The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a scholarly association dedicated to the study of anthropology. It has an extensive collection of archival and manuscript materials on this topic. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has partnered with RAI to create this Wiley Digital Archive collection of their content. Wiley has digitized everything at RAI that they possibly could, save those items that are unavailable for reasons of privacy, copyright, or sensitivity. RAI internal papers and correspondence in the database generally go back to 1967, though some materials are older than that. It offers tens of thousands of manuscripts and photographs, and over one hundred maps.This database provides a number of searching and browsing options that can be used to locate its various documents and images. Although both options can be used effectively and are generally understandable, each has its idiosyncrasies that might confuse or frustrate users. The type, quality, and age of documents and images in this database vary considerably. These include, but are not limited to, notes, papers, and handwritten letters. Some of these can be difficult to read. However, this is not an uncommon problem with primary documents, like those found in this database.Pricing for this database can vary substantially, and depends on FTE and institution type. For certain institutions, with an FTE of 3,000 or less, pricing is relatively economical, while for those with higher FTEs it grows increasingly expensive, and may ultimately prove unaffordable for some.While the quality and quantity of this database’s content is relatively high, it will generally not be useful to students looking for introductory materials on anthropology and related disciplines. Instead, it will be far more valuable to those doing more in-depth research in these areas, including those hoping to augment research already done using other resources. The licensing agreement for this database is in most ways a standard one, but it’s vague on the question of fees, so purchasers should clarify this issue with the vendor before proceeding.
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Pownall, Thomas, Iain Soutar et Catherine Mitchell. « Re-Designing GB’s Electricity Market Design : A Conceptual Framework Which Recognises the Value of Distributed Energy Resources ». Energies 14, no 4 (20 février 2021) : 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041124.

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The design of electricity markets determines the technologies, services and modes of operation that can access value, consequently shaping current and future electricity landscapes. This paper highlights that the efficacy of Great Britain’s electricity market design in facilitating net zero is inadequate and must be reconfigured. The rules of the current electricity market design are remnants of an electricity sector dominated by large-scale, centralised, fossil fuel technologies. Therefore, routes to market for the provision of necessary services to support net zero, not least flexibility, are largely inaccessible for distributed energy resources and, despite their benefits to the system, are thus undervalued. Based upon a review and consolidation of 30 proposed electricity market designs from liberalised electricity sectors, this paper proposes a new electricity market design for Great Britain. This design is presented alongside a new institutional framework to aid in the efficient operation of the market. Specifically, this paper proposes a new local balancing and coordinating market located at each grid supply point (the transmission and distribution interface). This is realised through the implementation of a distributed locational marginal pricing structure which is governed by the evolution of the current distributed network operator, known as the distributed service provider (DSP). The DSP also operates a local balancing and ancillary market for their geographical area. The wholesale market is reconfigured to coordinate with these new local markets and to harmonise the actors across the distribution and transmission network.
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Kirli, Desen, Maximilian Parzen et Aristides Kiprakis. « Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Electricity System of Great Britain : A Study on Energy Demand, Generation, Pricing and Grid Stability ». Energies 14, no 3 (27 janvier 2021) : 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030635.

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The outbreak of SARS-COV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) abruptly changed the patterns in electricity consumption, challenging the system operations of forecasting and balancing supply and demand. This is mainly due to the mitigation measures that include lockdown and work from home (WFH), which decreased the aggregated demand and remarkably altered its profile. Here, we characterise these changes with various quantitative markers and compare it with pre-lockdown business-as-usual data using Great Britain (GB) as a case study. The ripple effects on the generation portfolio, system frequency, forecasting accuracy and imbalance pricing are also analysed. An energy data extraction and pre-processing pipeline that can be used in a variety of similar studies is also presented. Analysis of the GB demand data during the March 2020 lockdown indicates that a shift to WFH will result in a net benefit for flexible stakeholders, such as consumers on variable tariffs. Furthermore, the analysis illustrates a need for faster and more frequent balancing actions, as a result of the increased share of renewable energy in the generation mix. This new equilibrium of energy demand and supply will require a redesign of the existing balancing mechanisms as well as the longer-term power system planning strategies.
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Linley, Warren G., et Dyfrig A. Hughes. « SOCIETAL VIEWS ON NICE, CANCER DRUGS FUND AND VALUE-BASED PRICING CRITERIA FOR PRIORITISING MEDICINES : A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY OF 4118 ADULTS IN GREAT BRITAIN ». Health Economics 22, no 8 (7 septembre 2012) : 948–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.2872.

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Komar, Irina. « Features of determining the market value of retail real estate and individual trade related properties during pre-trial evaluation and forensic examination ». Real estate : economics, management, no 1 (17 mai 2021) : 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2073-8412-2021-1-20-24.

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The present article deals with the specifics of valuation of retail property and individual trade related properties on the basis of the international experience and as recommended by International Valuation Standards and RICS (The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Great Britain)) valuation standards (Red Book). The present article is justified as currently Russia lacks a standard, uniform for the valuers or legal experts, to be used for the purposes of valuation of similar subjects. At the same time, methodical literature is insufficient while there are numerous property disputes that call for pre-court valuations and expert evidence of valuation of such subjects, including numerous litigations arising out of bankruptcy or establishing cadaster value to the amount of market value. The author reviews the existing approaches to valuation of real estate in accordance with both the international and national standards and awards professional recommendations pertaining to the use of the income approach to value retail real properties and individual trade related properties. The definitions and metrics of the above real properties’ groups are described separately. Also, the author provides guidelines for inquiry of the documents and information necessary for the acquisition of the data to be used in the course of valuation and expert evidence. All pricing factors are described in detail in the present article against the examples of retail real properties and individual trade related properties (say, hotel) and explanation of their effect on the market value in case the income approach is applied is provided.
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Rublev, Vladimir Vladimirovich. « Development prospects of budget passenger air transportation market in Republic of Kazakhstan ». Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series : Economics 2020, no 2 (30 juin 2020) : 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-2-70-80.

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The article analyzes the activities of the budget airline Fly Arystan of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the market of passenger air transportation in the low-cost segment. The pricing policies of Fly Arystan airline and the largest European low-cost airline EasyJet (Great Britain) are considered. The data of government support for the development of the budget passenger air transportation market are provided. Based on the Fly Arystan development concept and plans to expand the aircraft fleet there are presented the possible options for expanding the domestic and international route network. The experience of the Russian low-cost airline Pobeda (Aeroflot Group) related to the expansion of the route network is presented. The key factors of the development efficiency of the segment of budgetary passenger air transportation in the Republic of Kazakhstan are measures of state support for updating and expanding the aircraft fleet (subsidizing leasing), modernizing the ground air transport infrastructure, energy self-sufficiency due to the regional production and refining petroleum products, and a favorable geographical position. With the successful of the development of the national system of passenger air transportation the Republic of Kazakhstan may become a leading regional market player. The development priority direction should be the concept of connecting flights through the main hubs (Nur-Sultan, Almaty) in the following areas: the Russian Federation (Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, Ural Federal District, Siberian Federal District) – the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Uzbekistan , The Republic of Tajikistan. Developing the geography of the budget passenger air transportation, the Republic of Kazakhstan creates favorable conditions for the competition. The development of a network of regional and international destinations supports the system of national and international tourism, the participants of which are enterprises of the small and medium-sized business segment, which contributes to an increase in tax payments to the regional and republican budgets.
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Shumak, L. V. « Features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic. » Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 2, no 47 (29 janvier 2021) : 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2021.47(2).11-24.

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The market for design work in civil and industrial construction was one of the first to react to the crisis trends during a pandemic in the economy. Back in 2013, the volume of orders declined, and the peak of the decline was in 2014. The main reason for the difficulties is the reduction in investment programs of civil and industrial enterprises, and developers. The Ukrainian market for design works is distinguished by a high level of competition. A large number of design companies are actively working in this market niche. This fact constantly pushes market participants to take active steps to adjust the competitive strategy, positioning strategy and pricing. The primary signs of a crisis in design are also recognized through price indicators, which personify both the cost of the project or design services, and the results of the project enterprise, taking into account the factors that form the price level. In recent years, the price indicators of the construction industry have been unstable and completely dependent on external market conditions. Price as an economic characteristic is a significant regulator in the project market of Ukraine and abroad. The design market is the backbone of the construction industry with a volume of over UAH 1 billion per year and high added value. The field requires highly qualified staffing and the introduction of modern technologies. Outdated systems of training, certification of specialists and technical regulation hinder the development of the project market in Ukraine. The market is prone to underestimated cost of design work. In 2018, the share of design in the total cost of construction in Ukraine averaged 1.5-2%; in France it was 8-13%, and in Great Britain the level reached 10-17%. There is practically no system of state orders for design. Today our market is characterized by technological backwardness. The work of designers is low-paid, which, accordingly, affects the quality. High-quality architecture is more expensive than low-quality one. In Ukraine, the demand for quality design is just beginning to emerge. In this regard, it is very important to create a competitive environment that will contribute to development. The project market, like the construction industry as a whole, is extremely heterogeneous. Currently, there are thousands of various design bureaus and small workshops in Ukraine, employing no more than ten people, and the number of freelance designers cannot be statistically estimated. Prices for design, as well as the approaches used to provide services, differ dramatically in these organizations. A high price for a service does not necessarily guarantee that the quality of its delivery will be the same. Therefore, first of all, one should imagine what kind of work will be performed and what their essence is. Many investors prefer to design their facilities using the services of European specialists. What are the features and secrets of the Ukrainian project market? Are there really so few good designers in their country, and by what parameters can they still be found? The article examines the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.
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Browell, Jethro, et Ciaran Gilbert. « Predicting Electricity Imbalance Prices and Volumes : Capabilities and Opportunities ». Energies 15, no 10 (16 mai 2022) : 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103645.

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Electricity imbalance pricing provides the ultimate incentive for generators and suppliers to contract with one another ahead of time and deliver against their obligations. As delivery time approaches, traders must judge whether to trade-out a position or settle it in the balancing market at the as-yet-unknown imbalance price. Forecasting the imbalance price (and related volumes) is therefore a necessity in short-term markets. However, this topic has received surprisingly little attention in the academic literature despite clear need by practitioners. Furthermore, the emergence of algorithmic trading demands automated forecasting and decision-making, with those best able to extract predictive information from available data gaining a competitive advantage. Here we present the case for developing imbalance price forecasting methods and provide motivating examples from the Great Britain’s balancing market, demonstrating forecast skill and value.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Pricing – Great Britain"

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Spurway, Kayleigh Fay Nanette. « A study of the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model's appilcability across four countries ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013016.

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Historically, the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Method (C-CAPM) has performed poorly in that estimated parameters are implausible, model restrictions are often rejected and inferences appear to be very sensitive to the choice of economic agents' preferences. In this study, we estimate and test the C-CAPM with Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) using time series data from Germany, South Africa, Britain and America during relatively short time periods with the latest available data sets. Hansen's GMM approach is applied to estimate the parameters arising from this model. In general, estimated parameters fall outside the bounds specified by Lund & Engsted (1996) and Cuthbertson & Nitzsche (2004), even though the models are not rejected by the J-test and are associated with relatively small minimum distances.
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SEROT, Alexandre. « From monopoly to competition : institutional reforms and the compatrative analysis of pricing policies in British and French telecoms :1980-2000 ». Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5384.

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Defence date: 28 November 2003
Examining board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier, The European University of Florence, Florence ; Prof. Gérard Pogorel, Telecom Paris, Paris ; Prof. Martin Rhodes (supervisor), The European University of Florence, Florence ; Prof. Mark Thatcher (external co-supervisor), The London School of Economics, London
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Livres sur le sujet "Pricing – Great Britain"

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Agency, International Energy, dir. Natural gas pricing in competitive markets. Paris : International Energy Agency, 1998.

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Millward Brown Market Research Limited. et Arts Council of Great Britain., dir. Pricing in the arts report, 1990 : Prepared for the Arts Council of Great Britain. Warwick : MillwardBrown, 1991.

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Congestion charging in London : The policy and the politics. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

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Holmes, P. M. Industrial Pricing Behaviour and Devaluation : Studies in Planning and Control. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

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Britain, Great. National Health Service (Licensing and Pricing) (Amendment) Regulations 2015. Stationery Office, The, 2015.

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Britain, Great. National Health Service (Licensing and Pricing) (Amendment) Regulations 2015. Stationery Office, The, 2015.

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Guide to the Consumer Protection Act 1987 - Pricing Code Supplement. Croner.CCH Group Ltd, 1989.

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Whittles, Martin J. Urban Road Pricing : Public and Political Acceptability. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Urban Road Pricing : Public and Political Acceptability. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Whittles, Martin J. Urban Road Pricing : Public and Political Acceptability. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Pricing – Great Britain"

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Li, Furong. « Recent developments in common distribution network pricing in Great Britain ». Dans 2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2010.5558694.

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Wang, Zhimin, et Furong Li. « Critical peak pricing tariff design for mass consumers in Great Britain ». Dans 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039603.

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Gu, Chenghong, et Furong Li. « New development in distribution network pricing for revenue recovery in the Great Britain ». Dans 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039659.

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