Articles de revues sur le sujet « Presbyterian Church (New York, N.Y.) »

In June 1829 John Angell James, minister of Carr’s Lane Congregational Church in Birmingham, wrote to his friend William Wilson Patton, minister of a Presbyterian congregation in New York, thanking him for his congregation’s interest in the spiritual welfare of the British churches.

Gilbert Tennent (1703–1764), an “Ulster Scot” born the same year as John Wesley, is usually remembered as a leader of revivals during the “Great Awakening” in the middle-colonies. John Witherspoon (1723–1794), a “champion of orthodoxy” from Edinburgh called to be the President of the College of New Jersey, is usually treated as a “founding father” of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. However, many events leading up to the first General Assembly in 1788 reflect the influence of Gilbert Tennet, the moderator of the newly re-united Synods of Philadelphia and New York in 1758.

Orestes Brownson (1803–1876), preacher, journalist, editor, philosopher and controversialist, was born in Stockbridge, Vt., 16 September 1803. At the age of nineteen he became a Presbyterian, but two years later a Universalist. He married in 1827. From 1826 to 1831 Brownson preached in New Hampshire, Vermont and New York. He became a Unitarian, and was ordained a Unitarian minister in 1834. In 1836 he organized ‘The society for Christian Union and Progress’ and began to preach the ‘Church of the Future’. In the same year he became acquainted with Emerson, Alcott, Ripley and others who were labelled Transcendentalists. The latter were the dominant intellectual figures in American life until the middle of the century.

After the Revolution, Thomas Jones, an embittered loyalist exile, identified the culprits he deemed responsible for the rebellion in New York: the Whig “triumvirate” of Presbyterians—William Livingston, William Smith, and John Morin Scott. Jones averred that in theIndependent Reflector(1752–53) andWatch Tower(1754–55), which they authored, “the established Church was abused, Monarchy derided, Episcopacy reprobated, and republicanism held up, as the best existing form of government.” The three wrote “with a rancor, a malevolence, and an acrimony, not to be equaled but by the descendants of those presbyterian and repulblican fanatics, whose ancestors had in the preceding century brought their Sovereign to the block, subverted the best constitution in the world, and upon its ruins erected presbyterianism, republicanism, and hypocrisy.”

New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center is a large academic medical center that provided minimal, if any, bereavement support to families and loved ones of patients who died in the hospital. A comprehensive bereavement program was developed and implemented which included sending condolence cards to family members and friends, follow-up phone calls to screen for complicated grief, individual counseling, bereavement support groups, community referrals, and an annual memorial service for families and staff to provide an opportunity for shared mourning during the grieving process.

It is customary to associate Jonathan Edwards with the town of Northampton. That he was born in East Windsor (Conn.), was graduated from Yale College in New Haven, served a Presbyterian church in New York City, wrote his great treatises – A Careful and Strict Enquiry into … Freedom of Will (1754) and The Great Christian Doctrine of Original Sin (1758) – in Stockbridge (Mass.), and died as president of the College of New Jersey in Princeton does not mitigate the local association. For it was in Northampton where Edwards came of age theologically. He served as its minister from 1729 to 1750, following his grandfather Solomon Stoddard, who had served the same parish for the preceding sixty years. As with the one, so with the other: Northampton was Stoddard and it was also Edwards, a dynasty holding sway for over eighty years and commanding the religious spirit up and down the length of the Connecticut Valley.

The article studies publications of Semyon Nikolayevich Bogolyubov, 1889—1971, an outstanding educator of Russian Abroad. These publications were devoted to his trips to parish schools of the Russian Church Abroad (ROCOR). The educator S. N. Bogolyubov served in the 1960s as Chief Clerk of the Educational Council under Synod of Bishops of the Russian Church Abroad. In order to maintain effective control over and to improve learning process the teacher visited a few parish schools in 1962—1968. In particular, he visited such famous parishes in the states of New York and Pennsylvania as the Holy Protection Church in Nyack, the Joy of All Who Sorrow Church in Philadelphia, the St. Vladimir Parish of the same city, and the Convent of New Diveyevo in Spring Valley. S. N. Bogolyubov reflected some results of his trips in reports which were published by the Orthodox Russia journal, the print organ of the ROCOR St. Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York. Reading and analysis of the Bogolyubov publications give researcher an opportunity to reconstruct the little-known activities of this activist of Church and community, to show the daily work of the parish schools, to identify challenges and achievements that the parish institutions of educations had, to get to know the features of the most successful school teachers. The above issues have not yet been addressed in the studies of Russian historians and specialists on history of intelligentsia. That is why this article seems relevant. The author used methods of criticism of historical source as well as methods of induction and deduction. The author came to the conclusion that the parish schools of New York and Pennsylvania performed an important function, namely, they conserved and supported Russian ethnic and religious identity among Russian youth. During the trips to schools, the teacher opened and published the most successful methods of education. Hierarchs of the Church Abroad highly appreciated the activities of the teacher and recommended that parishes make wide use of pedagogical methods of Bogolyubov.

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) is an increasingly common cause of health care-associated urinary tract infections. Antimicrobials within vitroactivity against CRKP are typically limited to polymyxins, tigecycline, and often, aminoglycosides. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of cases of CRKP bacteriuria at New York-Presbyterian Hospital from January 2005 through June 2010 to compare microbiologic clearance rates based on the use of polymyxin B, tigecycline, or an aminoglycoside. We constructed three active antimicrobial cohorts based on the active agent used and an untreated cohort of cases that did not receive antimicrobial therapy with Gram-negative activity. Microbiologic clearance was defined as having a follow-up urine culture that did not yield CRKP. Cases without an appropriate follow-up culture or that received multiple active agents or less than 3 days of the active agent were excluded. Eighty-seven cases were included in the active antimicrobial cohorts, and 69 were included in the untreated cohort. The microbiologic clearance rate was 88% in the aminoglycoside cohort (n= 41), compared to 64% in the polymyxin B (P= 0.02;n= 25), 43% in the tigecycline (P< 0.001;n= 21), and 36% in the untreated (P< 0.001;n= 69) cohorts. Using multivariate analysis, the odds of clearance were lower for the polymyxin B (odds ratio [OR], 0.10;P= 0.003), tigecycline (OR, 0.08;P= 0.001), and untreated (OR, 0.14;P= 0.003) cohorts than for the aminoglycoside cohort. Treatment with an aminoglycoside, when activein vitro, was associated with a significantly higher rate of microbiologic clearance of CRKP bacteriuria than treatment with either polymyxin B or tigecycline.

To better understand the vulnerabilities of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a comprehensive, retrospective cohort study to assess differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Nasopharyngeal swabs and serum specimens from 90 pregnant and 278 age-matched non-pregnant women were collected from 15 March 2020 to 23 July 2021 at NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital in New York City. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, neutralizing antibody, and cytokine array assays were used to assess the incidence, viral load, antibody titers and profiles, and examine cytokine expression patterns. Our results show a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women. Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a substantially lower viral load. In addition, the levels of both anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain IgG neutralizing antibodies and anti-N Protein IgG were elevated in pregnant women. Finally, cytokine profiling revealed differential expression of leptin across cohorts. These findings suggest that pregnancy is associated with distinct immune and virological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by lower infection rates, substantially lower viral loads, and enhanced antibody production. Differential cytokine expression indicates unique immune modulation in pregnant women.

Abstract We know clearly that we live in a global world today, and we are also pretty certain that the pre-modern period would be better understood if we approached it with a global perspective, as problematic as it certainly might be. The Americas and Australia, but also many parts of Africa and northern Asia were completely unknown to most Europeans and vice versa. But there were economic ties throughout time, and the Christian Church made many efforts already in the Middle Ages to missionize far beyond the confines of Europe. The Vikings were truly global operators during the height of their activities well to the tenth and maybe even eleventh centuries, and we also ought to incorporate the Jews as global players. Ironically, even the history of pandemics, such as the Justinian plague (541–549) and the Black Death (1347–1351), were explicit indicators of global connections.

e19058 Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this study, we explore reasons for non-enrollment in clinical trials for DLBCL and implications on trial design and interpretation. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients (pts) with a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL or high grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) at University of Rochester (4/14-6/16) and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine (NYP/WCM) (4/14-4/17).Ten clinical trials were opened during this time. Participants were divided into 3 groups: those treated in trial, those not enrolled in trial because of need for urgent treatment, and those not enrolled in trial for any other reason. We used a center-stratified Cox proportional hazards model to estimate association of trial enrollment with progression-free survival (PFS; time from start of treatment until progression/death or the last date the pt was known to be progression free) and overall survival (OS). Results: We identified 263 pts; 17% (n = 45) enrolled in a trial. Reasons for non-enrollment included not meeting eligibility criteria (n = 98), physician choice (n = 50), and pt choice (n = 38). For 32 pts, reasons were unclear. Of the 50 pts who were not enrolled because of physician choice, the primary reason for non-enrollment was the need for urgent treatment (n = 46). Pts who needed urgent treatment had higher risk clinical features compared with pts in trial (Table). Compared with those treated in trial and those not enrolled in trial for any other reason, those not enrolled in trial due to need for urgent treatment had an inferior PFS (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.23–5.16) and OS (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.21–4.06). Conclusions: At 2 academic institutions, 52% of patients with DLBCL or HGBL required urgent chemotherapy and failed to enroll on trials. Exclusion of such patients limits the applicability and generalizability of clinical trials in DLBCL. This barrier must be overcome so clinical trials may better reflect true DLBCL demographics. [Table: see text]

Objective. To examine the impact of a community-informed and community-based Health-Smart Church (HSC) Program on engagement in health promoting behaviors (healthy eating and physical activity) and health outcomes (body mass index, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Design. A total of 70 overweight/obese Hispanic adults participated in an intervention group (n = 37) or a waitlist control group (n = 33) in 2 Hispanic churches in Bronx, New York. Results. Post-intervention the intervention group significantly increased in frequency of healthy eating and physical activity compared to the waitlist control group. Although no significant changes in body mass index or systolic blood pressure were found for either group, the intervention group decreased significantly in weight from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusions. The results of the present study add to the growing body of literature evidencing the successful use of community-engaged and community-based participatory health promotion interventions with racial/ethnic minority populations and highlight important practices and considerations for similar health promotion interventions with these communities.

259 Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common nonurothelial histology in bladder cancers. Given the high locoregional recurrence as the primary cause of death, radiation therapy (RT) is often recommended in the post-operative setting. Large-scale randomized trials that are dedicated to bladder SCC would be difficult to accrue to adequate numbers. Therefore, we utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: The SEER (1998-2007) was queried for patients with muscle-invasive (stage II-IV) squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder who underwent complete cystectomy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regressions were used to assess survival outcomes. Additionally, records were reviewed for patients treated at New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College (NYP-WCMC) between 1991 and 2010. Results: A total of 331 patients from the SEER were included in the analysis; Majority were received cystectomy alone (n=297), while 10% (n=34) received post-operative RT. Factors associated with post-operative RT were younger age (p=0.03) and more advanced stage at diagnosis (p<0.001). Median survival was 40 months for patients treated with surgery alone and 18 months for post-operative RT (p<0.05). In the institutional record review, 17 patients underwent cystectomy; of these, 5 received post-cystectomy RT. Those who underwent post-operative RT had better performance status (80% vs 25%) and a higher rate of positive surgical margins (67% vs 20%). Median survival was 38 months for patients treated with surgery alone and 22 months for post-op RT. Conclusions: RT has been employed as a post-operative treatment for some patients with muscle-invasive SCC of the urinary bladder. Younger age, better performance status, advanced stage, and positive margins may prompt the use of post-operative RT. However, both SEER and single institution retrospective analyses failed to show any survival advantage associated with the use of post-operative therapy. Further studies are needed to identify any subsets of patients with bladder SCC who may benefit from post-cystectomy radiation.

David K. Dunaway and Willa K. Baum, eds. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Nashville: American Assocation for State and Local History, 1984. Pp. xxiii, 436. Paper, $17.95 ($16.15 to AASLH members); cloth $29.50 ($26.95 to AASLH members). Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Salo W. Baron. The Contemporary Relevance of History: A Study in Approaches and Methods. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 158. Cloth, $30.00; Stephen Vaughn, ed. The Vital Past: Writings on the Uses of History. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. 406. Paper, $12.95. Review by Michael T. Isenberg of the United States Naval Academy. Howard Budin, Diana S. Kendall and James Lengel. Using Computers in the Social Studies. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986. Pp. vii, 118. Paper, $11.95. Review by Francis P. Lynch of Central Connecticut State University. David F. Noble. Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 409. Paper, $8.95. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. Alan L. Lockwood and David E. Harris. Reasoning with Democratic Values: Ethical Problems in United States History. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1985. Volume 1: Pp. vii, 206. Paper, $8.95. Volume 2: Pp. vii, 319. Paper, $11.95. Instructor's Manual: Pp. 167. Paper, $11.95. Review by Robert W. Sellen of Georgia State University. James Atkins Shackford. David Crocketts: The Man and the Legend. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986. Pp. xxv, 338. Paper, $10.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. John R. Wunder, ed. At Home on the Range: Essays on the History of Western Social and Domestic Life. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. xiii, 213. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard N. Ellis of Fort Lewis College. Sylvia R. Frey and Marian J. Morton, eds. New World, New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. ix, 246. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Elizabeth Roberts. A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. vii, 246. Paper, $12.95. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Steven Ozment. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 283. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $7.50. Review by Sanford Gutman of State University of New York, College at Cortland. Geoffrey Best. War and Society in Revolutionary Europe, 1770-1870. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 336. Paper, $9.95; Brian Bond. War and Society in Europe, 1870-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 256. Paper, $9.95. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Edward Norman. Roman Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 138. Paper, $8.95; Karl F. Morrison, ed. The Church in the Roman Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 248. Cloth, $20.00; Paper, $7.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Keith Robbins. The First World War. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. 186. Paper, $6.95; J. M. Winter. The Great War and the British People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 360. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Roger D. Tate of Somerset Community College. Gerhardt Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach. Germany: 2000 Years-- Volume III, From the Nazi Era to the Present. New York: The Ungar Publishing Co., 1986. Pp. ix, 279. Cloth, $24.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Judith M. Brown. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 429. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $12.95. Review by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College.

-A. James Arnold, Michael Gilkes, The literate imagination: essays on the novels of Wilson Harris. London: Macmillan, 1989. xvi + 180 pp.-Jean Besson, John O. Stewart, Drinkers, drummers, and decent folk: ethnographic narratives of village Trinidad. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989. xviii + 230 pp.-Hymie Rubinstein, Neil Price, Behind the planter's back. London: MacMillan, 1988. xiv + 274 pp.-Robert Dirks, Joseph M. Murphy, Santería: an African religion in America. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. xi + 189 pp.-A.J.R. Russell-Wood, Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death: merchant capitalism and the Angolan slave trade, 1720-1830. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. xxx + 770 pp.-Anne Pérotin-Dumon, Lawrence C. Jennings, French reaction to British slave Emancipation. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988. ix + 228 pp.-Mary Butler, Hilary McD. Beckles, White servitude and black slavery in Barbados, 1627-1715. Knoxville: University of Tennesse Press, 1989. xv + 218 pp.-Franklin W, Knight, Douglas Hall, In miserable slavery: Thomas Thistlewod in Jamaica, 1750-1786. London: MacMillan, 1989. xxi + 322 pp.-Ruby Hope King, Harry Goulbourne, Teachers, education and politics in Jamaica 1892-1972. London: Macmillan, 1988. x + 198 pp.-Mary Turner, Francis J. Osbourne S.J., History of the Catholic Church in Jamaica. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1988. xi + 532 pp.-Christina A. Siracusa, Robert J. Alexander, Biographical dictionary of Latin American and Caribbean political leaders. New York, Westport, London: Greenwood Press, 1988. x + 509 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Brenda F. Berrian ,Bibliography of women writers from the Caribbean (1831-1986). Washington D.C.: Three Continents Press, 1989. 360 pp., Aart Broek (eds)-Romain Paquette, Singaravélou, Pauvreté et développement dans les pays tropicaux, hommage a Guy Lasserre. Bordeaux: Centre d'Etudes de Géographie Tropicale-C.N.R.S./CRET-Institut de Gépgraphie, Université de Bordeaux III, 1989. 585 PP.-Robin Cohen, Simon Jones, Black culture, white youth: the reggae traditions from JA to UK. London: Macmillan, 1988. xxviii + 251 pp.-Bian D. Jacobs, Malcom Cross ,Lost Illusions: Caribbean minorities in Britain and the Netherlands. London: Routledge, 1988. 316 pp., Han Entzinger (eds)

Книга Николаса Н. Патрикиоса («Сакральная архитектура Византии: искусство, литургия и символизм в раннехристианских церквях») представляет собой обобщающую работу о византийской архитектуре от эпохи Константина до падения Константинополя. Важность её заключается не только в том, что автор проработал огромный массив материала — 370 памятников, разделив их на семь типов (с. 48) и проследив эволюцию каждого из них и в целом и в деталях, но и в том, что автор учитывает взаимосвязь между архитектурной типологией и наполнением здания, демонстрируя, как особенности литургии в разные исторические периоды соотносятся с архитектурной эволюцией, а также с образным наполнением церковного пространства. Эта отличительная черта работы сообщает ей необходимую полноту. Для Патрикиоса архитектура, литургия и священное изобразительное искусство представляет собой единое целое. Чтобы учесть все компоненты целого, автор делит повествование на следующие главы: церковь и государство; сакральная архитектура; великолепные церкви; духовное искусство; литургия и Евхаристия; символизм в архитектуре и искусстве. The book by Nicholas N. Patrikios ("Sacred Architecture of Byzantium: Art, Liturgy and Symbolism in Early Christian Churches") is a generalizing work on Byzantine architecture from the era of Constantine to the fall of Constantinople. Its importance lies not only in the fact that the author has worked through a huge array of material - 370 monuments, dividing them into seven types (p. 48) and tracing the evolution of each of them in general and in detail, but also in the fact that the author takes into account the relationship between the architectural typology and the content of the building, demonstrating how the features of the liturgy in different historical periods correlate with the architectural evolution, as well as with the figurative content of the church space. This distinctive the feature of the work gives it the necessary completeness. For Patrikios architecture, liturgy and sacred art of constitutes a single whole. To take into account all the components of the whole, the author divides the narrative into the following chapters: church and state; sacred architecture; magnificent churches; spiritual art; liturgy and Eucharist; symbolism in architecture and art.

Abstract Abstract 2066 Poster Board II-43 From 1999 to 2009, 298 adults, age 60 yrs and above, received initial induction therapy for untreated AML at Weill-Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital. Based on physician/patient preference and/or protocol eligibility, patients received either a traditional cytosine arabinoside/anthracycline-based induction regimen (n= 103) or an alternative, low-intensity regimen(n=195); either low-dose ara-C +/- arsenic trioxide (n=88) or tipifarnib +/- oral etoposide (n=107). Overall the median age was 72 yrs (range 60-89), 47% had an antecedent hematological disorder (AHD) and 42% had an unfavorable karyotype. Patients treated with low-intensity regimens were significantly older compared to those given standard induction (median age 75 vs 67 yrs) and had a higher percentage of unfavorable karyotypes (46% vs 33%). Complete remissions (CR) were achieved in 23% of patients receiving low-intensity regimens and 53% of patients treated with standard therapy. Thirty and 60 day mortality rates were 9.7% and 20.5% versus 14.5% and 25% for low-intensity and standard regimens respectively (p=0.29). Seventy two of the initial 195 patients (37%) treated with a low-intensity regimen received a second induction regimen for primary resistance or relapse; either a standard ara-C-anthracycline regimen (n=38) or a second non-intensive regimen (decitabine +/- gemtuzumab ozogamicin, low-dose ara-c, SGN-33,) (n=34). Overall 25/72 (35%) achieved a CR with salvage therapy; 16/38 CR's (42%) with standard induction and 9/34 CR's (26%) with a second low-intensity regimen. Median overall survival for all 298 patients was 6.7 months. By univariate analysis, no significant difference in survival was seen for patients initially treated with a low-intensity regimen compared to those receiving standard induction (median 6.2 vs 7.7 months; p=0.82 by log-rank test). By multivariate analysis, age over 75, prior AHD, unfavorable karyotype, ECOG performance status > 2, and male gender all predicted for shorter survival, whereas intensity of initial treatment did not. These results suggest that older patients with AML may receive initial therapy with a non-traditional, low-intensity induction regimen and have similar survival outcomes compared to patients given standard induction. A comparison of the quality of life of patients, as manifested by the percentage of days spent in hospital, frequency of transfusion support, and number of outpatient visits, will be presented. Death due to resistant disease remains the major problem for older patients with AML Disclosures: Off Label Use: arsenic trioxide to be used to enhance the effects of low-dose ara-C as part of a clinical trial.

Abstract Splenectomy is frequently performed for diagnostic purposes in patients with suspected or known lymphoma, including assessment for possible transformation. The ability to predict splenectomy findings (and potentially avoid associated morbidity and mortality) would be valuable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) results correlate with pathologic diagnosis from splenectomy. Methods: One hundred sixty-five patients who had undergone a splenectomy at New York Presbyterian Hospital from January 2004 to July 2006 were identified from the pathology database. Records of these patients were searched and 11 with suspected or known lymphoma as an indication for splenectomy and who had a pre-splenectomy PET scan were identified. A nuclear medicine physician performed a blinded review and assigned each PET scan to one of the following categories based on splenic FDG standardized uptake values (SUV): low splenic metabolic activity (correlated with maximum SUV range 2-3.7), intermediate splenic metabolic activity (maximum SUV range 6–7), and high splenic metabolic activity (maximum SUV range 26–29). Findings were correlated with splenectomy pathologic diagnosis. Results: Subjects (n=11, 4 female, 7 male) had a median age of 48 years (range 21–72); four had suspected lymphoma pre-splenectomy, while 7 had a prior diagnosis and had splenectomy for diagnostic (to rule out transformation) or other purposes. Median time between PET and splenectomy was 1.25 months. Of 5 patients with low metabolic activity on PET; three had benign findings at splenectomy and two had splenic involvement of previously known mantle cell lymphoma. Three patients had intermediate metabolic activity on PET; all subsequently demonstrated marginal zone lymphoma at splenectomy. Three patients had high metabolic activity on PET; all were found to have diffuse large B cell lymphoma at splenectomy. Conclusions: This study to our knowledge comprises the largest series to evaluate splenic FDG-PET uptake in patients with suspected or known lymphoma, followed by subsequent pathologic confirmation. Patients with low splenic SUVs appear to be less likely to have splenic involvement of lymphoma, while intermediate and high values may correlate with lymphoma histology. Our findings support a potential role for FDG-PET as a tool for use, in conjunction with clinical and laboratory assessment, in consideration of the need for splenectomy in these settings.

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive molecular subtype of BC, with no targeted therapeutics currently available and poor systemic treatment response among certain patient groups. Cytokines, chemokines and adipokines are cell signaling molecules that play significant roles in mediation of inflammation/immune response in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Relative systemic levels of these molecules secreted from the BC tumor microenvironment may be developed as prognostic liquid biopsy biomarkers. At present, we have investigated race-specific and TNBC-specific differences in circulating biomarker profiles of AA (n = 65) and EA (n = 88) BC patients. The International Center for the Study of Breast Cancer Subtypes (ICSBCS) maintains a prospective cohort biorepository of African and US patients, including patients from Detroit, MI (Henry Ford Health System) and New York City, NY (NewYork Presbyterian Hospitals). Using a multiplexed bead-based ELISA platform (Luminex®) we quantified the relative plasma levels of 45 different biomarkers per manufacturer’s protocols. Normalization of plate/batch effect was completed using MDimnNormn, and statistical tests were completed with JMP Pro 16. There were no significant differences between groups across most clinicopathological variables; including, age (p = 0.86), tumor histology (p = 0.45), subtype (p = 0.4039) or stage (p = 0.20). However, BMI was significantly higher among AA patients compared to EA patients (AA mean 31.5, EA mean 28.7, p = 0.016), and multivariate analyses were adjusted for BMI. Histological subtypes and stage represented a cross section of the cohort, with the majority being invasive ductal (AA 70.8%, EA 71.6%), and early-stage (Stage I and II) disease (AA 83.1%, EA 80.7%). The predominant intrinsic subtype is LumA (AA 69.2%, EA 67%), with a relatively higher proportion of TNBC disease among AA (20%) compared to EA patients (10.2%) (p = 0.086). Our univariate/unadjusted SRR-association models identified four biomarkers: IFNg (p = 0.022), I-TAC/CXCL11 (p = 0.003), MDC/CCL22 (p = 0.041) and MIPa/CCL3 (p = 0.038), which were higher among AA compared to EA patients. After controlling for BMI as a covariate in our model, all markers retained significance, with IFNg, I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIPa/CCL3 being p &lt; 0.05, and MDC/CCL22 with slightly lower significance (p = 0.054). To determine TNBC-specific profiles we compared biomarkers between TNBC (n = 22) and non-TNBC (n = 131) patients. The unadjusted/univariate analysis yielded no associations. However, after adjusting for BMI and SRR, 10 circulating biomarkers were significantly higher among patients with TNBC: IL16, MIF, TNFa, MPIF1/CCL23, IL1b, Gro-a/CXCL1, SCYB16/CXCL16, ENA-78/CXCL5, Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and Leptin (p &lt; 0.05). Taken together, these findings highlight that there are distinct SRR- and TNBC- circulating biomarker profiles, that may elucidate functional distinctions across TNBC patients to provide biomarkers for novel prognostic or therapeutic opportunities for patients. Citation Format: Rachel Martini, Millicent Amankwah, Julie Sahler, Brian Stonaker, Mumina Sadullozoda, Peter Radzio, Avery August, Lisa Newman, Melissa Davis. Race- and TNBC-specific circulating biomarker profiles among breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C009.

Abstract Abstract 2239 Introduction: Socioeconomic, environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors play a role in the etiology of ITP but are poorly understood. A self-reported questionnaire was designed to study these relationships and how these factors prior to the diagnosis of ITP relate to treatment response and disease progression in order to gain insight into the etiology of ITP. Methods: To design the questionnaire that would address topics of interest: 1) 60 ITP patient interviews were performed and 2) the questionnaire was reviewed by project coordinators, nurse practitioners, Platelet Disorder Support Association (PDSA) members, and hematologists. The input was incorporated into a further-revised questionnaire, which was then administered to both “pediatric” (patients <18 years of age at the time of diagnosis) and adult ITP patients from the Platelet Disorders Center at Weill Cornell - New York Presbyterian Hospital. Formal statistical analysis to relate responses to one question to responses of another to define sub-groups of patients is ongoing. Results: 109 patients were enrolled. Ages ranged from 2–78 years of age; median age was 55 years, with 21 females and 33 “pediatric” patients. The most frequent environmental exposures in adults were automotive exhaust (n=14) and Teflon (n=12). In pediatrics, preservatives and insecticides (n=8) and Teflon (n=7) were most common. The most prevalent hazardous substances in both groups were cleaning supplies (n=16 adults, n=9 “pediatric”) and chlorinated water (n=13 adult, n=9 “pediatric”). 13 adults also had exposure to gasoline or diesel fumes. Refer to figure 1. 51(47%) patients reported at least one infection prior to diagnosis with ITP. The most common were Strep throat (n=12); influenza (n=9), and respiratory tract infections (n=8). Twenty-four (22%) patients reported at least one autoimmune disease, including celiac (n=2) and discoid lupus (n=2).Twenty-one patients reported a family history of Type II diabetes, 12 Type I diabetes, 13 osteoarthritis and 10 rheumatoid arthritis. Eight (7%) patients reported at least one inflammatory disease including: Crohn's disease (n=3), Inflammatory bowel disease (n=7), Systemic lupus erythematous and Vitiligo(each n=1). Thirty-seven (34%) patients reported surgeries prior to diagnosis of ITP, especially: appendectomy (n=8) and tonsil removal (n=8). Twenty-three patients traveled close to date of diagnosis, 58 patients reported more stress than usual (i.e. death of a relative, loss of employment); 13 patients reported a drastic change in diet (i.e. decreasing calories (n=7) or becoming vegetarian (n=5)). Vitamin supplementation for vitamin C and D (each n=17), E (n=12) and B (n=11) were common. In addition, 11 vitamin deficiencies were reported, vitamin D (n=5), vitamin B12 (n=3) and other (n=3). The most frequent allergic reactions included: 31 (28%) patients with hay fever, 9 patients with allergies to milk, 7 patients with poison ivy or skin irritation, 6 patients with eczema, and 4 with allergic rhinitis. Other medical conditions reported were: hypothyroidism (n=10), hyperthyroidism (n=9), high blood pressure (N=16), high cholesterol (N=14), and anemia (N=13) [9 additional patients included 4 with iron deficiency anemia and 5 with a family history of iron deficiency anemia]. Seven patients reported a lack of prenatal care in their mothers' pregnancy and 7 were premature. Medications reported include: acetaminophen (n=53), antibiotics (n=36), antihistamines (n=22), and hormone therapy (n=17). Vaccinations received close to date of diagnosis include: flu vaccine (n=10) and T-dap (n=9). Prednisone was reported most frequently as both the best therapy to minimize symptoms (n=18) and the worst (n=16). Conclusion: Our pilot study intended to capture critical information and to further development of the questionnaire. We can see if there are groups of patients in whom onset and other characteristics relate to outcomes including response to treatment. Following formal statistical analysis of the material acquired (in progress and anticipated by early September), the next step will be for a final updated version of the questionnaire to be posted on the PDSA web site in order to accrue responses from a much larger number of patients. The questionnaire will also be given to a non-ITP patient population to serve as controls. Disclosures: Bussel: Amgen: Family owns Amgen stock Other, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Cangene: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Family owns GSK stock, Family owns GSK stock Other, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding; IgG of America: Research Funding; Immunomedics: Research Funding; Ligand: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Eisai: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Shionogi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sysmex: Research Funding; Portola: Consultancy. Off Label Use: The use of romiplostim in pediatric patients was examined in this study.

Abstract Background Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by rare, malignant Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells that shape their microenvironment (TME) to inhibit anti-tumor immune response. Systemic immune dysregulation may influence treatment response and toxicity, but the systemic influence of the TME is less well described. The wide variety of proteins measured in high-parmater flow cytometry make it a powerful tool for immune monitoring, but presents challenges in immuno-monitoring. Combinatorial expression of these proteins defines cell types that may influence disease. TerraFlow is a fully automated data analysis platform that evaluates millions of phenotypes and selects the populations that best predict clinical variables. The analysis can be performed using classical Boolean gates or a non-gating approach that approximates gates without using manual thresholds, allowing immunophenotypes to be comprehensively surveyed for disease associations. The platform was used to find phenotypes that discriminate healthy versus cHL patients (AUC = 1) and pre versus post treatment patient phenotypes(AUC = 0.79). Methods Human Subjects: Informed consent was obtained from cHL patients (N=44) treated at the Perlmutter Cancer Center (PCC) at NYU Langone Health and New York Presbyterian Weil Cornell (NYP) between 2011 and 2016. Blood samples were drawn at multiple time-points, for this study pre-treatment and 3 month post-treatment samples were used. Age-matched, cryopreserved healthy donor PBMC (n=25) were obtained from STEMCELL Technologies (Cambridge, MA).Patient-derived blood was processed for isolation of PBMC, stained analyzed on a Symphony Flow Cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Analysis: Data was analyzed using an original platform called terraFlow. Many immune cell subsets are defined by the combinations of proteins they express. TerraFlow systematically evaluates millions of cell types by generating every possible combination of 1 to 5 markers. A network-based algorithm then selects the "best" phenotype from each set of inter-related combinations based on statistical power and ease of interpretation. Each phenotype is defined using a minimal gating strategy that can be replicated in a diagnostic panel or cell sorter. Together, phenotypes describe all the major differences between patient groups. A new platform developed by Epistemic AI was used to mine scientific literature and interpret selected phenotypes. Results We observed clear perturbations in the cHL systemic T-cell compartment pre-treatment as shown in Figure 1. These include higher levels of activated (CD278+), exhausted (CD366+, PD1+, CD152+), and suppressive (GITR+) T-cells compared to healthy donors, and diminished levels of T-cells producing effector cytokines (like IFNγ and IL4). Subsets of cytokine-producing cells that co-express markers of exhaustion (i.e., TNF+ CD366+ cells) are also elevated in cHL patients. Finally, T-cells expressing CD127 a receptor for IL7 involved in homeostatic renewal of cells and observed on naive and central memory T-cells are reduced. Taken together, these findings suggest that in cHL the systemic T-cell compartment is shifted toward a more exhausted profile, and away from less differentiated cells, with the potential for self-renewal. Our data also demonstrates a shift from T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 type toward T-helper 17 cells suggesting that T-cell effector function may be reduced. Conclusion Using a novel data analysis platform, TerraFlow we demonstrate dysregulation in systemic T cell function in cHL patients pre-treatment that persists within 3 months of completing therapy. Associations of phenotypes with clinical variables, and post-treatment phenotypes will be described in detail at the meeting. Our results detail new immunotherapy and biomarker research targets, and suggest novel strategies for combination therapies. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Li: BD Bioscience: Current Employment. Ruan: Kite Pharma: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Seagen: Consultancy. Diefenbach: Incyte: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; IGM Biosciences: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; AbbVie: Research Funding; Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health: Current Employment; MEI: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc./ F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; IMab: Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck Sharp & Dohme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

-John Parker, Norman J.W. Thrower, Sir Francis Drake and the famous voyage, 1577-1580. Los Angeles: University of California Press, Contributions of the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Vol. 11, 1984. xix + 214 pp.-Franklin W. Knight, B.W. Higman, Trade, government and society in Caribbean history 1700-1920. Kingston: Heinemann Educational Books, 1983. xii + 172 pp.-A.J.R. Russel-Wood, Lyle N. McAlister, Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion Volume III, 1984. xxxi + 585 pp.-Tony Martin, John Gaffar la Guerre, The social and political thought of the colonial intelligentsia. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1982. 136 pp.-Egenek K. Galbraith, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship ideology and practice in Latin America. Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. 341 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, James Pack, Nelson's blood: the story of naval rum. Annapolis MD, U.S.A.: Naval Institute Press and Havant Hampshire, U.K.: Kenneth Mason, 1982. 200 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, Hugh Barty-King ,Rum: yesterday and today. London: William Heineman, 1983. xviii + 264 pp., Anton Massel (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Alejandro Portes ,Latin journey: Cuban and Mexican immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xxi + 387 pp., Robert L. Bach (eds)-Wayne S. Smith, Carlos Franqui, Family portrait wth Fidel: a memoir. New York: Random House, 1984. xxiii + 263 pp.-Sergio G. Roca, Claes Brundenius, Revolutionary Cuba: the challenge of economic growth with equity. Boulder CO: Westview Press and London: Heinemann, 1984. xvi + 224 pp.-H. Hoetink, Bernardo Vega, La migración española de 1939 y los inicios del marxismo-leninismo en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1984. 208 pp.-Antonio T. Díaz-Royo, César Andreú-Iglesias, Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: a contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican community in New York. Translated by Juan Flores. New York and London: Monthly Review, 1984. xix + 243 pp.-Mariano Negrón-Portillo, Harold J. Lidin, History of the Puerto Rican independence movement: 20th century. Maplewood NJ; Waterfront Press, 1983. 250 pp.-Roberto DaMatta, Teodore Vidal, Las caretas de cartón del Carnaval de Ponce. San Juan: Ediciones Alba, 1983. 107 pp.-Manuel Alvarez Nazario, Nicolás del Castillo Mathieu, Esclavos negros en Cartagena y sus aportes léxicos. Bogotá: Institute Caro y Cuervo, 1982. xvii + 247 pp.-J.T. Gilmore, P.F. Campbell, The church in Barbados in the seventeenth century. Garrison, Barbados; Barbados Museum and Historical Society, 1982. 188 pp.-Douglas K. Midgett, Neville Duncan ,Women and politics in Barbados 1948-1981. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research (Eastern Caribbean), Women in the Caribbean Project vol. 3, 1983. x + 68 pp., Kenneth O'Brien (eds)-Ken I. Boodhoo, Maurice Bishop, Forward ever! Three years of the Grenadian Revolution. Speeches of Maurice Bishop. Sydney: Pathfinder Press, 1982. 287 pp.-Michael L. Conniff, Velma Newton, The silver men: West Indian labour migration to Panama, 1850-1914. Kingston: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xx + 218 pp.-Robert Dirks, Frank L. Mills ,Christmas sports in St. Kitts: our neglected cultural tradition. With lessons by Bertram Eugene. Frederiksted VI: Eastern Caribbean Institute, 1984. iv + 66 pp., S.B. Jones-Hendrickson (eds)-Catherine L. Macklin, Virginia Kerns, Woman and the ancestors: Black Carib kinship and ritual. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press, 1983. xv + 229 pp.-Marian McClure, Brian Weinstein ,Haiti: political failures, cultural successes. New York: Praeger (copublished with Hoover Institution Press, Stanford), 1984. xi + 175 pp., Aaron Segal (eds)-A.J.F. Köbben, W.S.M. Hoogbergen, De Boni-oorlogen, 1757-1860: marronage en guerilla in Oost-Suriname (The Boni wars, 1757-1860; maroons and guerilla warfare in Eastern Suriname). Bronnen voor de studie van Afro-amerikaanse samenlevinen in de Guyana's, deel 11 (Sources for the Study of Afro-American Societies in the Guyanas, no. 11). Dissertation, University of Utrecht, 1985. 527 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Baijah Mhango, Aid and dependence: the case of Suriname, a study in bilateral aid relations. Paramaribo: SWI, Foundation in the Arts and Sciences, 1984. xiv + 171 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Sandew Hira, Balans van een coup: drie jaar 'surinaamse revolutie.' Rotterdam: Futile (Blok & Flohr), 1983. 175 pp.-Ian Robertson, John A. Holm ,Dictionary of Bahamian English. New York: Lexik House Publishers, 1982. xxxix + 228 pp., Alison Watt Shilling (eds)-Erica Williams Connell, Paul Sutton, Commentary: A reply from Williams Connell (to the review by Anthony Maingot in NWIG 57:89-97).

Background Outcomes in relapsed/refractory (R/R) peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) continue to be suboptimal. In the last decade, several novel agents have been approved; however, their impact on survival remains to be defined. In this multi-center retrospective analysis, we assessed survival following initial progression with respect to novel agent exposure with and without the use of stem cell transplant (SCT). Methods Patients with PTCL diagnosed between 1998-2021 at New York Presbyterian Hospitals, Columbia and Cornell, were included after IRB approval. Medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics and treatment parameters. In the second line setting, each patient fell into one of four categories: 1. novel agent containing regimen only ( novel-containing only), 2. novel agent containing regimen with SCT at end of second line ( novel + SCT), 3. chemotherapy alone ( chemo-only), and 4. chemotherapy with SCT at end of second line ( chemo + SCT). Event-free survival (EFS) was calculated as time from 1 st progression to 2 nd progression, re-treatment, or death. Subsequent OS (sOS) was calculated from date of first progression to death or last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival probability. Survival difference was tested by log-rank and Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 348 patients with PTCL were identified, of which 189 had R/R disease and 184 had sufficient data for analysis. The median follow-up was 62.5m. Baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. Most common PTCL subtypes were AITL (N=52, 28.3%), PTCL-NOS (N=39, 21.2%), ATLL (N=34, 18.5%), and ALCL (ALK- = 13, ALK+ = 11, n=24, 13%). Median age at diagnosis was 58 years. Median EFS and sOS from date of initial progression for the entire cohort was 5.0m and 25.1m, respectively. In the second-line setting, 92 (50%) received a novel-containing only, 62 (34%) patients received chemo-only, 17 (9%) received chemo + SCT, and 13 (7%) received novel + SCT. Median EFS from first progression among patients who received second-line novel + SCT was 16.0m (95% CI 6.0 - NR), chemo + SCT 15.0m (95% CI 6.2 - 24.5), novel-containing only 3.9m (95% CI 3.5 - 5.3), and chemo-only 4.1m (95% CI 2.9 - 5.1) as shown in Figure 1. Two-year EFS favored novel + SCT at 38.5m (95% CI 12.0 - 64.9) and chemo + SCT 34.0m (95% CI 10.8 - 57.1), compared to novel-containing only at 18.3m (95% CI 10.1 - 26.6) and chemo-only 11.3m (95% CI 3.0 - 19.6), with p &lt; 0.001 across all groups. Median sOS among patients who received second-line novel + SCT was 70.7m (95% CI 16.0 - NR), chemo + SCT not reached (95% CI 15.0 - NR), novel-containing only 23.3m (95% CI 10.5 - NR), and chemo-only 16.7m (95% CI 11.7 - 27.0). Two-year sOS favored novel + SCT at 74.6m (95% CI 49.7 - 99.5) and chemo + SCT 70.4m (95% CI 48.5 - 92.2) compared to novel-containing only at 49.4m (95% CI 37.9 -61.0) and chemo-only 43.4m (95% CI 30.0 - 56.9), with p =0.014 across all groups. Conclusion This multi-center study represents one of the largest retrospective R/R PTCL cohorts in the modern era with sOS of 25.1m, which compares favorably to historical data collected a decade ago reporting a sOS of 5.5m in R/R patients receiving chemo-only (Mak 2013), however, compares similarly to more recent data from the COMPLETE study (Lansigan 2019). This improvement in sOS may reflect availability of more effective therapies for sequencing in the novel agent era. Our data suggests that SCT in second-line setting is associated with improved EFS and sOS for both those treated with novel agent containing regimens and chemotherapy. Differences are more prominent for two-year EFS and sOS, favoring SCT arms and novel agents. However, the retrospective nature of our data limits definitive conclusion of benefit derived from SCT in the second-line setting, which underscores the need for prospective studies in this area. *This work has been funded ASH RTAF

Early Gothic Revival architecture in Canada, particularly from the period prior to the 1840s, when the influence of A. W. N. Pugin and the Ecclesiologists began to be felt, has been little studied. This paper reconstructs a lost monument-St. Mary's, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as erected 1820-1830-which may have been the first ambitious essay in the Gothic Revival style, especially as it apparently precedes by a few years the single and most famous monument of this time, the parish church of Notre-Dame in Montréal, itself often considered the starting point of the style in Canada. Although the exterior of St. Mary's was modest-essentially it was an exemplar of the rectangular box with "west" tower, definitively formulated by James Gibbs, and ubiquitous since the 1720s-with Gothic detailing replacing Baroque, the interior, known only from one watercolor and partly surviving today, is of greater interest. Divided into nave and aisles by piers of clustered shafts, the piers' form, plus plaster vaults and pointed arches, helped create an aura reminiscent of the Gothic period. The interior was dominated by the design of the sanctuary (now destroyed), where an unusual congregation of architectural forms suggests both the appearance of illusionistic architecture, with a possible connection to New York, and a further transformation of Baroque forms into their Gothic equivalents, with a possible connection to Québec City. Tenuous, circumstantial evidence will be provided to substantiate the plausibility of such sources. This paper also attempts to place St. Mary's in the context of the Gothic Revival in North America c. 1820-1830. As a result, it will be seen that its exterior, although without precedents in Canada, is typical of Gothic Revival churches of the period in the United States. By contrast, the interior design, especially of the sanctuary, suggests it was one of the more imaginative creations in either context. It therefore emerges as a more significant monument in the history of Canadian and North American architecture than heretofore suspected.

Abstract Background: Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) is a rare complication of plasma cell dyscrasias in which deposition of immunoglobulin light and/or heavy chains results in organ dysfunction, most commonly affecting the kidneys. MIDD can present with new onset hypertension, hematuria, renal insufficiency and proteinuria. The rarity of MIDD contributes to the uncertainty regarding optimal therapy (typically targeting the clonal plasma cells), and the relationship between hematologic response and renal outcome. We report here the experience at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Methods: An electronic query of pathology records was performed to identify patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of MIDD. Patients were eligible for inclusion in this analysis if they had received treatment and had been subsequently followed at either institution. A retrospective review of clinical records extracted patients' baseline characteristics and treatment history. Hematologic responses were assessed according to International Myeloma Working Group uniform response criteria (Kumar, S. et al 2016 Lancet Oncol 17(8): e328-346) and renal organ responses were evaluated based on changes in serum creatinine (SCr), and proteinuria, a modification of criteria previously reported (Kourelis, T. V., et al 2016, Am J Hematol 91(11): 1123-1128.; Nasr, S.H. et al. 2009, J Am Soc Nephrol 20(9): 2055-2064. The primary objective was to determine the rate of hematologic response after initial therapy. Secondary objectives included: (i) Estimation of renal response rate; (ii) Identification of risk factors associated with renal response using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Fisher's Exact Tests. Results: Among 54 patients identified who were diagnosed and started treatment between 1/1999 and 1/2016, 29 met criteria for inclusion. Baseline characteristics at diagnosis included: Median age of 50 (range, 32-79); 17 (59%) were male; 22 (75%) had hypertension. Renal parameters at diagnosis: median SCr of 2.4 mg/dl (range, 0.4-19), median CrCl 23 ml/min (range, 4-131), median proteinuria 2383.7mg/24h (range 4.7-13,000), nephrotic-range proteinuria syndrome in 13 (45%), hematuria in 4/25 pts (16%; 4 unknown), 7 were on hemodialysis (HD) prior to initiation of therapy, and 26 (90%) patients had monoclonal kappa light chain deposits. Hematologic parameters included median free light chain ratio of 67.9 (2.8-1179.0), detectable M-spike in 11 pts with a mean level of 0.6 g/dL and median bone marrow plasmacytosis of 20% (range, 0-90%). Induction treatment regimens included bortezomib in 18 (62%), lenalidomide in 6 (21%), cyclophosphamide in 8 (28%), and 21 (73%) underwent autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) during the course of their treatment. Outcomes are shown in Table 1. Hematologic response among the 29 pts at completion of first line therapy included an overall response rate (ORR) of 93% with sCR (N=14, 48%); CR (N=5, 17%), VGPR (N=6, 20%), PR (N=2, 6.9%), Not available (N=2, 7%). Renal response (Table 1) among 29 patients included CR (N=9, 31%), PR (N=14, 48%) and End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (N=6, 21%). Among 7 patients on HD at baseline, 3 remained on HD despite treatment, while 4 stopped HD after treatment, 2 as a result of the treatment and 2 after renal transplant. 3 patients progressed to ESRD and required HD during treatment. Baseline beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), SCr, and eGFR at diagnosis were factors associated with renal response (p<0.05). Hematologic response (CR vs. non-CR) was not associated with renal response (p=0.68) in this cohort. Conclusions: In this cohort, we observed a high rate of hematologic response (65.5% reaching CR) to upfront treatment regimens. A majority of patients received bortezomib-based regimens and ASCT. We observed a large proportion of patients whose renal impairment from MIDD improved significantly after receiving therapy directed at the underlying clonal neoplasm, with 75.8% reaching PR or better, nearly a third of patients achieving a renal CR, and 2/7 patients on HD at diagnosis discontinuing HD after treatment. Our experience presented here serves to inform the treatment approach of patients with MIDD. Given the scarcity of outcome data in MIDD, especially in the era of novel anti-myeloma therapy, prospective studies to optimize the management of these patients are needed. Disclosures Rossi: Celgene: Consultancy. Smith:Celgene: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties: CAR T cell therapies for MM, Research Funding. Korde:Amgen: Research Funding. Mailankody:Janssen: Research Funding; Juno: Research Funding; Physician Education Resource: Honoraria; Takeda: Research Funding. Lesokhin:Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Serametrix, inc.: Patents & Royalties: Royalties. Landgren:Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Merck: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Hassoun:Oncopeptides AB: Research Funding.

Drawing from historical literary works and contemporary French literature, this study [1] explored the evolution of the meanings of ‘gourmandise’ as a concept, from its early characterisation as a cardinal sin to a contemporary notion merging with visual textualisation. Furthermore, it argues that the twentieth century paved the way for a transformation in the meaning of gourmandise: its definition now emphasises a visual refinement characteristic, while retaining the element of excess as part of its appeal, thus making ‘gourmandise’ symbolic, accessible and acceptable to the general public. Although the word ‘gourmandise’ appeared in written documents at the end of the Middle Ages, its history is much older since its use dates back to the early days of Christianity, to the first monastic communities of the third and fourth centuries. In addition, while the term still exists today, its significance has had many variations over the centuries. While contemporary lexicographers define it as “the aptitude to appreciate the quality and delicacy of dishes” and the “excessive taste for the pleasure of the table” [2], its meaning has varied over the centuries [3] and is still contested. Philosophical, spiritual and social debates exist over whether the word depicts excess or moderation. In Western society, gourmandise refers to three denotations roughly corresponding to three historical periods. The earliest meaning refers to the big eaters, the heavy drinkers, and all the excesses of the table. Strongly negative, the word ‘gourmandise’ qualifies a horrible vice, one of the seven deadly sins codified by the Christian Church. Gradually, gourmandise was enriched by a second, positive sense, which would triumph in France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and introduce the word ‘gourmet’ into European languages. While still reprobated by the Christian Church and moralists, gourmandise became a respectable epithet characterising amateur appreciators of good food, good wines and good company. The eighteenth century brought about a redefinition of the notion of gourmandise, all the more so as the influence of the Christian Church declined considerably. The works of Grimod de la Reynière and, a few years later, Brillat-Savarin saw a semantic change in the meaning of gourmandise, which has been attributed to the transition of an economy of scarcity to one of abundance [4, 5]. The twentieth and twenty-first centuries brought a new era for gourmandise. With the advent of digital communication, people began to talk about their experiences more rapidly and to a wider audience. Eating out has become a social event, one which must be shared instantly. Gourmandise has become digital and focuses both on quality and quantity, retaining some of its original meaning but with a new visual dimension [5]. Gourmandise is now part of everyday and professional life. It still includes the implications of excess, sharing and exchange, but now denotes transference in an increasingly seductive and interactive way. This rediscovered gourmandise is now voyeuristic instead of the gourmandise of the stomach. The findings of this study suggest that, while the meaning of gourmandise has evolved over a period of two millennia, the aspect of excessive food consumption has been retained from its beginnings right through to the twenty-first century. Paralleling its growing prestige within popular culture and social media, the discourse on gourmandise is thriving. Amidst the ‘explosion’ of food-related blogs, vlogs, websites and television programmes, gourmandise has become an engaging form of entertainment, trying to satisfy the appetites of a contemporary ‘food-crazed’ culture. The original research on which this article is based is available here http://hdl.handle.net/10292/12964 Corresponding author Gilles Petit can be contacted at: gilles.petit@aut.ac.nz References (1) Petit, G. From Glutton to Gourmet: Is Gourmandise Still a Deadly Sin? Master’s Thesis, Auckland University of Technology, Jul 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/12964 (accessed Apr 20, 2020). (2) Gourmandise. Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française [online], 9th ed. https://academie.atilf.fr/consulter/Gourmandise?page=1 (accessed May, 2018). (3) Bantreil-Voisin, N. Gourmandise: Histoire d'un péché capital [online]. La Cliothèque, Jan 3, 2011. http://clio-cr.clionautes.org/gourmandise-histoire-d-un-peche-capital.html (accessed May 1, 2016). (4) Meyzie, P., Ed. La gourmandise entre péché et plaisir. Lumières 2008, 11. https://www.fabula.org/actualites/lumieres-ndeg11-la-gourmandise-entre-peche-et-plaisir_28260.php (accessed April, 2018). (5) Greene, C. Gourmands & Gluttons: The Rhetoric of Food Excess; Peter Lang Publishing: New York, 2015.

Introduction: 8500 adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (alloHSCT) are performed annually in the U.S. and 17,000 in Europe. HSCT-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), defined by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and organ dysfunction in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, complicates some 20% of these procedures. About half of post-alloHSCT TMAs may resolve when GvHD immunoprophylaxis is modified, but three year survival rates for those with severe HSCT-TMAs are a dismal 11%. Clinical manifestations are similar to other TMAs, but their pathophysiology may be distinct. Damage to vascular endothelium, independent of loss of ADAMTS13 activity, is thought to be critical. Fibrin-rich microthrombi, often accompanied by C4d and C5b-9 (membrane attack complex) deposition, occur in the microvasculature of multiple organs (Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2014;12:565-573; Transplantation. 2013;96:217-223). This supports a role for complement activation in HSCT-TMA, but the importance of the various complement activation pathways is unclear. Recently, narsoplimab (OMS721), a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), a principal component of lectin-dependent complement activation, received Breakthrough Therapy Designation for HSCT-TMA, based on improved survival compared to historical controls in a phase 2 study. A phase 3 program is ongoing. Chemotherapy in association with autologous HSCT is linked to a marked increase in serum MASP-2 levels, persisting for about 4 weeks post-transplant (Front Immunol 2018;9:2153). However, TMAs are rare in autologous transplants, and circulating levels of MASP-2 following alloHSCT, and the impact of TMA development on those levels, are unknown. Methods: All individuals >18 years of age scheduled to undergo alloHSCT for hematologic malignancy at New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell were approached to participate in this study (NCT02604420). 100 of the first 101 subjects, age 58.3 +14 yrs, were enrolled and followed for >1.5 years post-transplant. This interval is consistent with the median time to HSCT-TMA diagnosis in adults of 90 days (range 32-733 days). Plasma was obtained at baseline (defined as between the time of consent and beginning of conditioning regimen), and at each regularly scheduled visit post-transplant-day 28 +5 days; day 100 +28 days; day 180 +28 days; and day 365 +28 days-as well as at the time of TMA diagnosis, based on the Consensus Criteria of Cho et al. (Transplantation 2010;90:918-926). A commercial ELISA (MyBioSource) was used to assess MASP-2 concentrations. Results: 20 subjects met study criteria for a HSCT-TMA diagnosis, occurring a median of 69 days (range 33-289) post-transplant. Three resolved following discontinuation of GvHD prophylaxis (mTOR or calcineurin inhibitor) and switch to mycophenolate and increased corticosteroid doses, and 7 had an intercurrent infection, 6 of whom expired with ongoing severe TMA despite a change in GvHD prophylaxis (Figure). TMAs persisted in the remaining 10 subjects. Median MASP-2 levels were significantly elevated in all subjects post-transplant, assessed at the time of TMA development or, in those not developing a TMA, at day 100 + 28 days post-transplant vs. controls (n=36, 86.2ng/ml (23.3-210.9): persistent TMA (n=9 (one plasma unavailable), 154ng/ml (range 82-209)); alloHSCT subjects who did not experience a TMA (n=40 evaluated to date, 113.5ng/ml (56-430.3)). (Figure). Lack of a significant rise in MASP-2 levels in patients with persistent TMAs vs. those who did not develop a TMA, combined with a significant decrease in variance of MASP-2 levels in the former group (p=0.005), may reflect consumption of product at sites of disease activity, i.e., the microvasculature. Conclusions: There is a significant increase in MASP-2 levels, with a wide variance, in post-alloHSCT patients evaluated at a time post-transplant typical of HSCT-TMA development. At time of development of a HSCT-TMA that persists despite withdrawal of GvHD prophylaxis, MASP-2 levels remain elevated over controls, but with a significantly lower variance vs. those not developing TMA. A study of additional samples, including longitudinal specimens, from this cohort is underway to determine if a change in MASP-2 levels correlates with HSCT-TMA development post-alloHSCT. Disclosures Van Besien: Miltenyi Biotec: Research Funding.

-Stanley L. Engerman, B.W. Higman, Slave populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture, 1984. xxxiii + 781 pp.-Susan Lowes, Gad J. Heuman, Between black and white: race, politics, and the free coloureds in Jamaica, 1792-1865. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, Contributions in Comparative Colonial Studies No. 5, 1981. 20 + 321 pp.-Anthony Payne, Lester D. Langley, The banana wars: an inner history of American empire, 1900-1934. Lexington KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. VIII + 255 pp.-Roger N. Buckley, David Geggus, Slavery, war and revolution: the British occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793-1798. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1982. xli + 492 pp.-Gabriel Debien, George Breathett, The Catholic Church in Haiti (1704-1785): selected letters, memoirs and documents. Chapel Hill NC: Documentary Publications, 1983. xii + 202 pp.-Alex Stepick, Michel S. Laguerre, American Odyssey: Haitians in New York City. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1984. 198 pp-Andres Serbin, H. Michael Erisman, The Caribbean challenge: U.S. policy in a volatile region. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1984. xiii + 208 pp.-Andres Serbin, Ransford W. Palmer, Problems of development in beautiful countries: perspectives on the Caribbean. Lanham MD: The North-South Publishing Company, 1984. xvii + 91 pp.-Carl Stone, Anthony Payne, The politics of the Caribbean community 1961-79: regional integration among new states. Oxford: Manchester University Press, 1980. xi + 299 pp.-Evelyne Huber Stephens, Michael Manley, Jamaica: struggle in the periphery. London: Third World Media, in association with Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society, 1982. xi + 259 pp.-Rhoda Reddock, Epica Task Force, Grenada: the peaceful revolution. Washington D.C., 1982. 132 pp.-Rhoda Reddock, W. Richard Jacobs ,Grenada: the route to revolution. Havana: Casa de Las Americas, 1979. 157 pp., Ian Jacobs (eds)-Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, Andres Serbin, Geopolitica de las relaciones de Venezuela con el Caribe. Caracas: Fundación Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 1983.-Idsa E. Alegria-Ortega, Jorge Heine, Time for decision: the United States and Puerto Rico. Lanham MD: North-South Publishing Co., 1983. xi + 303 pp.-Richard Hart, Edward A. Alpers ,Walter Rodney, revolutionary and scholar: a tribute. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies and African Studies Center, University of California, 1982. xi + 187 pp., Pierre-Michel Fontaine (eds)-Paul Sutton, Patrick Solomon, Solomon: an autobiography. Trinidad: Inprint Caribbean, 1981. x + 253 pp.-Paul Sutton, Selwyn R. Cudjoe, Movement of the people: essays on independence. Ithaca NY: Calaloux Publications, 1983. xii + 217 pp.-David Barry Gaspar, Richard Price, To slay the Hydra: Dutch colonial perspectives on the Saramaka wars. Ann Arbor MI: Karoma Publishers, 1983. 249 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, R. van Lier, Bonuman: een studie van zeven religieuze specialisten in Suriname. Leiden: Institute of Cultural and Social Studies, ICA Publication no. 60, 1983. iii + 132 pp.-W. van Wetering, Charles J. Wooding, Evolving culture: a cross-cultural study of Suriname, West Africa and the Caribbean. Washington: University Press of America 1981. 343 pp.-Humphrey E. Lamur, Sergio Diaz-Briquets, The health revolution in Cuba. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. xvii + 227 pp.-Forrest D. Colburn, Ramesh F. Ramsaran, The monetary and financial system of the Bahamas: growth, structure and operation. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xiii + 409 pp.-Wim Statius Muller, A.M.G. Rutten, Leven en werken van de dichter-musicus J.S. Corsen. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1983. xiv + 340 pp.-Louis Allaire, Ricardo E. Alegria, Ball courts and ceremonial plazas in the West Indies. New Haven: Department of Anthropology of Yale University, Yale University Publications in Anthropology No. 79, 1983. lx + 185 pp.-Kenneth Ramchand, Sandra Paquet, The Novels of George Lamming. London: Heinemann, 1982. 132 pp.

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that most often produce a single monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein). In approximately 2% of cases however, two or more distinct M-proteins of different immunoglobulin isotype are noted at diagnosis. The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) does not provide specific guidelines for determination of treatment response for MM with multiple M-proteins (MMP) and evidence comparing response and treatment outcomes of patients (pts) with MMP to those with a single M-protein (SMP) is lacking. The current tacit convention for assessing treatment response is to sum all M-proteins to get an aggregate M-protein value to compare to subsequent aggregate M-proteins over time. This approach has not been formally validated; it is unknown whether pts with MMP have a different natural history of the disease or response to treatment. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis comparing clinical outcomes of 1st-line therapy of patients with MMP vs SMP. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of MM pts undergoing first-line therapy was performed by interrogation of the clinical database at the Weill Cornell Medical College / New York Presbyterian Hospital. Subjects diagnosed with active MM who received first-line treatment were included. MMP status was assigned to any patient (pt) with two or more distinct bands appearing on a serum protein electrophoresis with different isotypes on serum immunofixation prior to receiving any therapy. Baseline pt characteristics, therapy received, treatment, and survival outcomes were collected and compared. For pts with MMP, response was determined by following the change in sum of all M-proteins and following the sum as a SMP when applying IMWG criteria. Results: 170 pts were identified in the period of 2005-2014 and included in the analysis: 159 pts (93.5%) with SMP and 11 (6.5%) with MMP. Pts with MMP were older (median age 72 vs 62, P = 0.01) with a lower degree of bone marrow plasmacytosis (median 19% vs 45%, P = .003), with a trend towards a higher rate of extramedullary presentation (18.2% vs 4.5%, P = 0.051). Staging by ISS and Durie-Salmon, presence of adverse cytogenetics, sex, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, baseline hemoglobin, and serum creatinine were similar in the two groups. The M-protein isotype distribution for SMP and MMP are shown below in Table 1, with no clear pattern emerging for the SMP group. Pts with SMP were more likely to have been treated with thalidomide (32% vs 0 pts, P = .025) and less with alkylating agents (8.8 vs 27.2%, p = 0.49), however were equally likely to have received treatment with lenalidomide, bortezomib, or autologous stem cell transplant. Overall response to therapy appeared deeper in SMP vs MMP (Table 2) but was not statistically different (P = 0.053). Median PFS was similar for SMP and MMP at 148 vs 135 weeks, respectively (log rank P = 0.87). Overall survival was also unaffected by the presence of MMP: median OS for SMP and MMP was 411 and 423 weeks, (log rank P = .42). A logistic regression model showed higher age (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04,1.28) and lower percent plasmacytosis (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.98) to be associated with the presence of MMP at diagnosis. Discussion: The presence of more than one distinct M-spike isotype at diagnosis of active MM was not associated with adverse treatment or survival outcomes. The current convention of following the sum of all M-proteins in these pts is valid. The IMWG criteria should be amended to formally clarify this method of determination of response in pts with MMP. Table 1: Multiple M-protein isotypes M-Protein Isotypes N = 170 (%) IgG-kappa 60 (35.3) IgG-lambda 33 (19.4) IgA-kappa 16 (9.4) IgA-lambda 16 (9.4) Free kappa 24 (14.1) Free lambda 9 (5.3) IgD-lambda 1 (0.6) IgG lambda and IgG kappa 2 (1.1%) IgG kappa and IgA kappa 2 (1.1%) IgA kappa and IgG lambda 2 (1.1%) IgG kappa and free mu heavy chains 1 (0.6%) IgG lambda and IgA lambda 1 (0.6%) IgG kappa and IgG lambda and IgM kappa 1 (0.6%) Biclonal IgG kappa, monoclonal IgA kappa 1 (0.6%) IgG kappa, IgM kappa, and IgA kappa 1 (0.6%) Table 2: Overall response for SMP vs MMP IMWG Response SG(N = 159) PG(N = 11) P Overall Response Rate N = 155 N = 11 .053 PD 3 2 SD 14 0 PR 38 5 VGPR 63 3 CR 3 0 SCR 38 1 Disclosures Mark: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Niesvizky:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Abstract Background: Assessment of malignant plasma cell cycling via plasma cell labeling index (PCLI) has been a validated prognostic tool in multiple myeloma (MM) but the test requires specialized technical expertise and is not widely available. Ki67 is a well-known protein marker of cellular proliferation on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with prognostic utility in other malignancies. In an effort to develop a simpler system to provide analogous information to PCLI, we used a novel IHC co-staining technique for CD138 and Ki67 to quantify plasma cells in active cycling. We then performed a retrospective analysis of the ratio of Ki67/CD138 (Ki67%) in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma receiving 1st-line therapy to correlate with clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients (pts) with treated symptomatic MM was performed by interrogation of the clinical database at the Weill Cornell Medical College / New York Presbyterian Hospital. For inclusion in the analysis, subjects must have started first-line treatment in the period of 2005-2010, and had available bone marrow biopsies. Double-staining with Ki67 and CD138 was performed by IHC. The Ki67% was calculated as the percent of plasma cells expressing CD138 that were also found to express Ki67. Treatment outcomes were stratified and compared based on %Ki67. Response was determined by monthly serum protein electrophoresis / immunofixation (IFX) with free light chain analysis according to International Multiple Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) guidelines. Pts who were IFX negative but had no subsequent bone marrow biopsy were classified as being in unconfirmed complete remission. Results: We identified 151 patients with newly diagnosed MM and available %Ki67 expression who received first-line therapy over the period of 2005-2010. Patient were subdivided into two groups based on %Ki67: Low: %ki67 <= 5%, n = 87; and High: %Ki67 >5, n=64, to allow for comparison of treatment response and survival analysis. Specific therapeutic agent exposure history did not differ significantly between patients. Both groups had similar depth of response rates (ORR) to front-line therapy, Table 1. Median progression-free survival for the high versus low %Ki67 groups approached statistical significance at 54 months (95% CI 30.8,67.4) versus 26.9 months (95% CI 21.6,40.2), respectively (P = 0.083). At data cut-off, there were 30 deaths in the low %Ki67 group (1-yr OS 93%, 5-yr OS 71%) and 36 deaths in the high %Ki67 group (1-yr OS 94%, 5-yr OS 62%). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached for Ki67% <= 5% (95% CI 97.3,NR) vs. 78.9 months (95% CI 55.9,93.1) for Ki67% > 5%, (P = 0.0434), Figure 1. Multivariate cox regression for factors with influence on OS showed that only high-risk cytogenetics (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.17, 2.92, P = 0.027), ISS (HR 1.835, 95% CI 1.33, 3.60, P = 0.000), and %Ki67 group status had an independent effect on survival outcome. Low (<=5%) versus high (>5%) %Ki67 influenced overall survival with a hazard ratio of 1.76 (CI 1.07,2.92, P = 0.027). Survival after ASCT was significantly longer in the low %Ki67 group with median OS not reached (95%CI, 97.3, NR) versus 86.9 months (95% CI 43.9, NR) for high %Ki67 group (P = 0.04). Discussion: The ratio of IHC double positive Ki67 and CD138 of > 5% is an independent prognostic marker for overall survival in newly diagnosed MM undergoing 1st line therapy. The %Ki67 serves as a simpler and widely available analog to PCLI that can be presently performed in most hematopathology laboratories. Table 1: First Line Treatment and Best Response (modified IMWG Criteria) Ki67% <= 5(N = 87)n (%) Ki67% > 5(N = 64)n (%) P Treatment Exposure* Lenalidomide 59 (67.8) 48 (75) 0.34 Thalidomide 30 (34.5) 14 (21.9) 0.09 Bortezomib 25 (28.7) 14 (21.9) 0.34 Alkylating agent 11 (12.6) 4 (6.3) 0.19 ASCT 27 (31) 22 (34.4) 0.66 Best Response Overall Response (>= Partial response) 77 (88.4) 57 (89.1) 0.41 Complete response 15 (17.2) 22 (34.4) Unconfirmed complete response** 14 (16.1) 8 (12.5) Very good partial response 23 (26.4) 15 (23.4) Partial response 25 (28.7) 12 (18.8) Stable disease 9 (10.3) 5 (7.8) Progressive disease 1 (1.2) 2 (3.1) * Percentages do not add to 100% due to instances of concurrent therapy use ** Unconfirmed complete response: immunofixation negative, but no confirmatory bone marrow biopsy available Figure 1 Overall Survival by %Ki67 Figure 1. Overall Survival by %Ki67 Disclosures Mark: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Rossi:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Pekle:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Perry:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Coleman:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Honoraria. Niesvizky:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Abstract Introduction: PTPN11 encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 2, which relays signals from growth factor receptors to RAS and other effectors. Germline and somatic mutations in PTPN11 are well described in the pediatric population and associated with Noonan Syndrome and Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML). Pathogenesis of JMML specifically appears to be through activation of the RAS-RAF-MAP kinase pathway leading to dysregulated myeloid differentiation. There are also data to suggest that somatic PTPN11 mutations portend a poor prognosis in MDS patients (pts) receiving hypomethylating agents. The significance of PTPN11 when sporadically mutated in adults with AML remains controversial as several analyses have thus far failed to show any clinical relevance. This study evaluated the clinical significance of somatic PTPN11 mutations in a single center cohort. Methods: From 7/2015-7/2018, data from an AML database at New York Presbyterian/Weill-Cornell Medical Center was queried for the presence or absence of mutations in the PTPN11 gene as well as on all pts with TP53 mutations to use as a surrogate, given its well-known status as a poor prognostic factor. Log-rank tests were used to compare survival data, while Fisher-exact test was used to compare non-survival data (i.e. CR rates). For multivariate analysis, linear regression was performed and looked at mutational status, age, cytogenetics (CG), and controlled for age and European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk. Results: 256 AML pts with complete evaluable data. 30 were found to harbor mutations in PTPN11 at diagnosis. Within the PTPN11 mutated cohort, median age was 70, 15 were female and 15 were male. 1st cycle complete response (CR) rate was 30% (9/30) and one additional pt (4.8%) achieved a salvage CR. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was provided to 3/30 (10%) and of those, 1/3 (33.3%) relapsed, within 8 months. In the pts who achieved a CR, 4/10 (40%) relapsed. Median overall survival (OS) of the PTPN11 mutated cohort was 9 months (mo). Four patients (13.3%) are alive and in a CR >6 mo at time of censor. DNMT3A, NPM1, K/NRAS, RUNX1, TP53 and IDH1/2 were commonly co-mutated (n=12,9,7,7,6, and 6 respectively, table 2) with PTPN11 mutations. DNMT3A, NPM1 and PTPN11 were commonly mutated together in pts, n=8 (26.7%). The PTPN11 mutation was a single mutation in 2 pts. Common CG findings include normal (n=9), complex (n=4), trisomy 8 (n=4), chr. 3 abnormalities (n=7), chr. 5 (n=7) and chr. 7 (n=8). When comparing the PTPN11 mutated pts to all AML pts diagnosed at this center during the same time period without a PTPN11 mutation (table 1), 1st cycle CR rate (30% vs 57.5%, p=0.006), any CR (33.3% vs 71.4%, p=0.001), HSCT (10% vs 41.6%, p<0.001), Median OS (9.0 mo vs 28.3 mo, log-rank p,<0.001, figure 1) and proportion of pts alive at censor (30% vs 58%, p=0.008) were all significantly different between the two groups. Neither choice of initial induction regimen (proportion of high dose cytarabine based therapy) nor proportions of pts with adverse risk AML by ELN differed between the two groups (46.7% vs 48.2%, p=0.86 and 63.3% vs 44.2, p=0.054). Numbers were too small to compare relapse free survival, however, relapse rates were not significantly different. In a multivariate analysis of the full cohort of 256 pts, PTPN11,TP53 and Age were all independently associated with increased risk of death compared to the full cohort, with a HR of 2.00, CI 1.16-3.44 p=0.01, HR 1.9, CI 1.04-3.46, p=0.04, HR 1.05, CI 1.03-1.07, p<0.001, respectively. We also compared the OS of PTPN11 mutated AML to TP53 mutated AML and found that while there was a small difference in median OS (9.0 mo vs 9.8 mo) it was not significant, p=0.77. Discussion: This comparison of PTPN11 mutant to PTPN11 wild-type AML is the largest single center analysis and the first to show a significant chemotherapy response and survival difference that is similar to AML with a TP53 mutation. The multivariate analysis showed PTPN11 carried a poor prognosis (HR for death of 2.00). Mutations in DNMT3A and NPM1 with PTPN11 was common in our cohort, confirming previous work. Conclusion: These data suggest that the presence of PTPN11 is associated with an aggressive disease with poor outcome and treatment resistance. Pre-clinical investigation has been initiated to explore a mechanistic role for these clinical findings, with the hope of testing novel therapeutics on an animal model of AML with PTPN11 mutations. Disclosures Roboz: Cellectis: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy; Celltrion: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Celltrion: Consultancy; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy; Argenx: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Aphivena Therapeutics: Consultancy; Cellectis: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Argenx: Consultancy; Orsenix: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Aphivena Therapeutics: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Orsenix: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy. Lee:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Clinipace: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc: Consultancy; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy. Desai:Argenx: Consultancy; Cellerant Inc: Consultancy. Guzman:Cellectis: Research Funding. Ritchie:Incyte: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; NS Pharma: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Research Funding; ARIAD Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau.

Abstract Background: Assessment of malignant plasma cell cycling via plasma cell labeling index (PCLI) has been a validated prognostic tool in multiple myeloma (MM) for years but utilization remains limited. We recently developed a novel immunohistochemical (IHC) co-staining technique for CD138 and Ki67 expression to quantify plasma cells in active cycling. Previously presented results from newly diagnosed patients demonstrate that having an elevated ratio of plasma cells in active cycle by co-expression of CD138 and Ki67 (>5%) is associated with aggressive disease and poor outcomes including shorter overall survival (OS). The expansion of subclones with higher proliferative capacity following initial therapy may be an indicator of a higher risk relapse event and indicate poor prognosis. Here we assess MM patients (pts) with Ki67/CD138 co-staining on bone marrow samples both at diagnosis and relapse to assess the impact of changes in cell cycling ratio on outcomes with subsequent therapy and overall clinical course. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of pts with treated symptomatic MM was performed by interrogation of the clinical database at the Weill Cornell Medical College / New York Presbyterian Hospital (WCMC/NYPH). For inclusion in the analysis, pts must have had bone marrow evaluation with double-staining for Ki67 and CD138 by immunohistochemistry both at diagnosis and relapse. Pts must have completed their first line and relapse treatments at WCMC/NYPH. The Ki67% was calculated as the ratio of plasma cells expressing CD138 that were also found to express Ki67. Treatment outcomes were stratified and compared based on alterations in Ki67% between diagnosis and relapse. Results: We identified 37 pts with bone marrow sampling that was evaluated for CD138 and Ki67 co-expression both at diagnosis and at the time of relapse. These pts had undergone a median of 2 lines of prior treatment at the time of relapse bone marrow biopsy (range 1-7). 19 pts were identified to have a rising Ki67% between diagnosis and relapse defined at a 5% or greater increase, the other 18 pts had stable or decreased Ki67%. Pts with a rising Ki67% at relapse had a shorter OS with a median of 72 months vs not reached (p=0.0069), Figure 1. Pts who had rising Ki67% at relapse had shorter progression free survival (PFS) on first line treatment with a median of 25 vs 47 months (p=0.036), Figure 2. Additionally pts with rising Ki67% had a trend towards shorter PFS with the treatment they received after relapse with median of 12.5 vs 3.5 months (p=0.09). Relapse regimens were most commonly carfilzomib (n=9), pomalidomide (5) or ixazomib (4) based. 37% of pts (7/19) with rising Ki67% achieved PR or better on relapsed treatment vs 67% (12/18) with stable Ki67%. Discussion: The presence of clonal evolution and selection of higher risk clones under therapeutic pressure in multiple myeloma is a key feature of disease progression. The ability to improve risk stratification at the time of relapse may help guide clinical decision making to best suit individual patient needs. We have identified rising plasma cell proliferation through quantification of Ki67/CD138 co-expression at relapse to be a useful marker of high risk disease evolution. This appears to help identify the emergence of higher risk clones which are ultimately responsible for treatment resistant disease. Patients with rising Ki67% were more likely than patients with stable Ki67% to have early relapses to initial therapy, were less likely to achieve responses to relapse regimens or to maintain their response and had shorter overall survival. Further evaluation is needed to identify if different approaches to patients with increasing proliferation may improve outcomes in these patients. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures Mark: Calgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Rossi:Calgene: Speakers Bureau. Pearse:Celegen: Consultancy. Pekle:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Perry:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Coleman:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Niesvizky:Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau.

RÉSUMÉLe principal objectif de cet article est d’encourager une approche plus large, supraconfessionnelle, du mariage et de la famille à l’époque moderne. La conjugalité a été “désacralisée” par les réformateurs protestants du 16e siècle. Martin Luther, parmi d’autres, a refusé le statut de sacrement au mariage, tout en valorisant celui-ci comme une arme contre le péché. En réaction, le concile de Trente a réaffirmé avec force que le mariage est bien un des sept sacrements chrétiens. Mais, promouvant la supériorité du célibat, l’Église catholique n’a jamais beaucoup insisté sur les vertus de la vie et de la piété familiales avant le 19e siècle. En parallèle, les historiens décèlent des signes de “sacralisation” de la famille protestante à partir du 16e siècle. Leurs conclusions doivent être relativisées à la lumière de recherches plus récentes et plus critiques, centrées sur les rapports et les représentations de genre. Elles peuvent néanmoins inspirer une étude élargie et comparative, inexistante dans l’historiographie traditionnelle, des réalités et des perceptions de la famille chrétienne au-delà des frontières confessionnelles.MOTS-CLÉ: Époque Moderne, mariage, famille, protestantisme, Concile de TrenteABSTRACTThe main purpose of this paper is to encourage a broader supra-confessional approach to the history of marriage and the family in the Early Modern era. Wedlock was “desacralized” by the Protestant reformers of the 16th century. Martin Luther, among others, denied the sacramental status of marriage but valued it as a weapon against sin. In reaction, the Council of Trent reinforced marriage as one of the seven sacraments. But the Catholic Church, which promoted the superiority of celibacy, did little to defend the virtues of family life and piety before the 19th century. In parallel, historians have identified signs of a “sacralization” of the Protestant family since the 16th century. These findings must be relativized in the light of newer and more critical studies on gender relations and representations. But they can still inspire a broader comparative study, non-existent in traditional confessional historiography, of the realities and perceptions of the Christian family beyond denominational borders.KEY WORDS: Early Modern Christianity, marriage, family, Protestantism, Council of Trent BIBLIOGRAPHIEAdair, R., Courtship, Illegitimacy and Marriage in Early Modern England, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1996.Beaulande-Barraud, V., “Sexualité, mariage et procréation. Discours et pratiques dans l’Église médiévale (XIIIe-XVe siècles)”, dans Vanderpelen-Diagre, C., & Sägesser, C., (coords.), La Sainte Famille. Sexualité, filiation et parentalité dans l’Église catholique, Problèmes d’Histoire des Religions, 24, Bruxelles, Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2017, pp. 19-29.Bels, P., Le mariage des protestants français jusqu’en 1685. Fondements doctrinaux et pratique juridique, Paris, Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1968.Benedict, P., Christ’s Churches Purely Reformed. A Social History of Calvinism, New Haven/London, Yale University Press, 2002.Bernos, M., “Le concile de Trente et la sexualité. La doctrine et sa postérité”, dansBernos, M., (coord.), Sexualité et religions, Paris, Cerf, 1988, pp. 217-239.Bernos, M., Femmes et gens d’Église dans la France classique (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle), Paris, Éditions du Cerf, Histoire religieuse de la France, 2003.Bernos, M., “L’Église et l’amour humain à l’époque moderne”, dans Bernos, M., Les sacrements dans la France des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Pastorale et vécu des fidèles, Aix-en-Provence, Publications de l’Université de Provence, 2007, pp. 245-264.Bologne, J.-C., Histoire du mariage en Occident, Paris, Lattès/Hachette Littératures, 1995.Burghartz, S., Zeiten der Reinheit – Orte der Unzucht. 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Essays in Honour of Steven Ozment, St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2005.Forster, M. R., “Domestic Devotions and Family Piety in German Catholicism”, inForster, M. R., Kaplan, B. J., (coords.), Piety and Family in Early Modern Europe. Essays in Honour of Steven Ozment, St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2005, pp. 97-114.François W., & Soen, V. (coords.), The Council of Trent: Reform and Controversy in Europe and Beyond, 1545-1700, Göttingen, Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2018.Gautier, S., “Mariages de pasteurs dans le Saint-Empire luthérien: de la question de l’union des corps à la formation d’un corps pastoral ‘exemplaire et plaisant à Dieu’”, dans Christin, O., & Krumenacker, Y., (coords.), Les protestants à l’époque moderne. Une approche anthropologique, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2017, pp. 505-517.Gautier, S., “Identité, éloge et image de soi dans les sermons funéraires des foyers pastoraux luthériens aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles”, Europa moderna. Revue d’histoire et d’iconologie, n. 3 (2012), pp. 54-71.Goody, J., The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe, Cambridge, 1983; L’évolution de la famille et du mariage en Europe, Paris, Armand Colin, 1985/2012.Hacker, P., Faith in Luther. Martin Luther and the Origin of Anthropocentric Religion, Emmaus Academic, 2017.Harrington, J. F., Reordering Marriage and Society in Reformation Germany, Cambridge, 1995.Hendrix, S. H., & Karant-Nunn, S. C., (coords.), Masculinity in the Reformation Era, Kirksville, Truman State University Press, 2008.Hendrix, S. H., “Christianizing Domestic Relations: Women and Marriage in Johann Freder’s Dialogus dem Ehestand zu ehren”, Sixteenth Century Journal, 23 (1992), pp. 251-266.Ingram, M., Church Courts. 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C., The Reformation of Feeling: Shaping the Religious Emotions in Early Modern Germany, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010.Karant-Nunn, S. C., “The emergence of the pastoral family in the German Reformation: the parsonage as a site of socio-religious change”, in Dixon, C. S., & Schorn-Schütte, L., (coords.), The Protestant Clergy of Early Modern Europe, Basingstoke, Palgrave/Macmillan, 2003, pp. 79-99.Karant-Nunn, S. C., “Reformation Society, Women and the Family”, in Pettegree, A., (coord.), The Reformation World, London/New York, Routledge, 2000, pp. 433-460.Karant-Nunn, S. C., “Marriage, Defenses of”, in Hillerbrand, H. 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RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiación y de control de las instituciones religiosas por los laicos en las primeras décadas de la conquista y colonización de Hispanoamérica. Investigar sobre la inversión laica en lo sagrado supone en un primer lugar aclarar la historiografía sobre laicos, religión y dinero en las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen y su trasposición en América, planteando una mirada desde el punto de vista de las motivaciones múltiples de los actores seglares. A través del ejemplo de restituciones, donaciones y legados en losAndes, se explora el papel de los laicos españoles, y también de las poblaciones indígenas, en el establecimiento de la densa red de instituciones católicas que se construye entonces. La propuesta postula el protagonismo de actores laicos en la construcción de un espacio cristiano en los Andes peruanos en el siglo XVI y principios del XVII, donde la inversión económica permite contribuir a la transición de una sociedad de guerra y conquista a una sociedad corporativa pacificada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hispanoamérica-Andes, religión, economía, encomienda, siglos XVI y XVII.ABSTRACTThis article aims to reflect on the mechanisms of financing and control of religious institutions by the laity in the first decades of the conquest and colonization of Spanish America. Investigating lay investment in the sacred sphere means first of all to clarifying historiography on laity, religion and money within Ancien Régime societies and their transposition to America, taking into account the multiple motivations of secular actors. The example of restitutions, donations and legacies inthe Andes enables us to explore the role of the Spanish laity and indigenous populations in the establishment of the dense network of Catholic institutions that was established during this period. The proposal postulates the role of lay actors in the construction of a Christian space in the Peruvian Andes in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when economic investment contributed to the transition from a society of war and conquest to a pacified, corporate society.KEY WORDS: Hispanic America-Andes, religion, economics, encomienda, 16th and 17th centuries. BIBLIOGRAFIAAbercrombie, T., “Tributes to Bad Conscience: Charity, Restitution, and Inheritance in Cacique and Encomendero Testaments of 16th-Century Charcas”, en Kellogg, S. y Restall, M. 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The aim of this research was to examine the effect of fermentation time by Aspergillus niger on peanut shells ammoniated on VFA and NH3 production. The research was allocated in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were fermentation process of 0 days (T0), 5 days (T1), 10 days (T2) and 15 days (T3). The results showed that fermentation process with A. niger on the ammoniated peanut shells increased (p<0.05) the VFA and NH3 production. In an incubation time of 15 days, the highest VFA and NH3 production waas obtained. The average production of VFA were T0=153; T1=188; T2=193 and T3=203 mM respectively. Average of NH3 production in this study were T0=2,89; T1=3,61; T2=3,74 dan T3=3,90 mM respectively. It was conclusded that the fermentation process with A. niger on peanut shells ammoniated increased the VFA and NH3 production. The 15 days of fermentation process was the best time which produced the highest of VFA and NH3 production. Key words: Aspergillus niger, NH3, peanut shells, VFA DAFTAR PUSTAKA Badan Pusat Statistik. 2018. Provinsi Jawa Tengah dalam Angka. Semarang (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Tengah Basri E & Tambunan RD. 2016. Kajian pemanfaatan pakan berbasis bahan lokal yang berwawasan lingkungan untuk sapi potong di Lampung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Puslitbangtan. Banjar Baru (ID): Puslitbangtan Church DC& Pond WG. 1988. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. 3rd edition. New York (US): John Wiley and Sons Danuarsa. 2006. Analisis proksimat dan asam lemak pada beberapa komunitas kacang-kacangan. Buletin Teknik Pertanian. 11(1): 1-9 DeVries &Visser J. 2001. Aspergillus enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Microbiology Molecular Biology Review. 65 (4): 497-522 Gunam IBWG, Buda K & Guna IMYS. 2010. Pengaruh perlakuan delignifikasi dengn larutan NaOH dan kosentrasi substrat jerami padi terhadap produksi enzim selulase dari Aspergillus niger. Jurnal Biologi. 15 (1): 55-61 Hastuti D, Shofia NA &. Tampoebolon BIM. 2010. Pengaruh perlakuan teknologi amofer (amoniasi fermentasi) pada hasil samping tongkol jagung sebagai alternative pakan berkualitas ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Mediagro. 7 (1): 55-65 Nurhaita, Definiati N & Suliasih. 2017. Pengolahan jerami padi sebagai pakan ternak sapi pada kelompok tani sido urip Desa Srikuncoro. Malang (ID): Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Gelar Produk, UMM Prasetyo, H. 2014. Polimerisasi karet alam secara mekanis untuk bahan adiktif aspal. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 32 (1): 81-87 Junior LKP, Swastini DA & Leliqia NPE. 2015. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit kacang tanah dengan metode maserasi terhadap profil lipid pada tikus Sprague Dawley diet lemak tinggi. Jurnal Farmasi. 4 (1): 18-25 Komar, A. 1984. Teknologi Pengolahan Jerami sebagai Makanan Ternak. Bandung (ID): Yayasan Dian Grahita Indonesia Retnani Y, Permana IG, Kumalasari NR & Taryati. 2015. Teknik Membuat Biskuit Pakan Ternak dari Limbah Pertanian. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya Steel RGD & Torrie JH. 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika. Terjemahan. Jakarta (ID): Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakart. Suhartati FM. 2005. Proteksi Protein Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Menggunakan Tanin, Saponin, Minyak dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Ruminal Undegradable Protein (RUDP) dan Sintesis Protein Mikrobia Rumen. [skripsi] Purwokerto (ID): Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Tillman, Harihartadi AD, Reksodiprojo S, Prawirokusumo S & Lebdosoekojo. 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. Yogyakarta (ID): Gajah Mada University Press

Background: Gastrointestinal dysbiosis has been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, but its clinical significance in patients receiving induction chemotherapy for AML has not been well defined. We therefore explored changes in microbial diversity and their potential impact on clinical outcomes in patients with newly-diagnosed AML undergoing standard intensive induction chemotherapy. Methods: Stool samples were obtained from 64 newly-diagnosed AML patients receiving induction chemotherapy at Weill Cornell Medicine/The New York Presbyterian Hospital from November 2015 to May 2019. A total of 140 serial samples were analyzed and categorized into three treatment time-points (±7 days): Baseline (n=64), Day 14 after chemotherapy initiation (n=51), and Day 30 after chemotherapy initiation (n=25). Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were collected. DNA was extracted from stool samples and sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Alpha microbial diversity was measured by the Shannon Index, Simpson Index, and the observed number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The Friedman test was used to assess for changes in alpha diversity from baseline to Day 14 to Day 30 samples. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare alpha diversities between groups of dichotomized clinical variables, including gender, age, early antibacterial use, diarrhea, bloodstream infections, and achieving a complete response (CR). The Kruskal Wallis one-way test of variance was used to compare differences in microbial diversity between ELN risk categories. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to assess associations between the degree of change in diversity from baseline to day 14 and clinical outcomes. Results: Clinical characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Intensive chemotherapy consisted of 7+3 (cytarabine/anthracycline), CPX-351, or 7+3 combined with other therapies. 49 (77%) patients achieved CR or CRi (CR with incomplete count recovery) and 24 (38%) had bloodstream infections during their hospital course. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices and OTUs are shown in Figure 1. There was a significant decline in median microbiome alpha diversities measured by all indices among baseline, day 14, and day 30 samples (Shannon: p = 0.0003; Simpson: p = 0.0003; OTU: p&lt;0.0001). The median change in diversity from baseline to day 14 samples were: Shannon (median: -0.932, range: -3.714 to +1.96), Simpson (median: -0.210, range: -0.947 to +0.689), and OTU (median -62, range: -270 to 93). 24 patients (38%) received antibacterial treatment prior to day 14. However, antibacterial therapy during this time was not associated with change in diversity using any of the indices. Decrease in alpha diversity from baseline to day 14 samples by Shannon index was associated with the achievement of CR/CRi (p = 0.023) (Figure 2). Subsequent multivariate regression analysis showed significant correlations between amount of Shannon diversity decrease from baseline to day 14 and CR/CRi, independent of age, ELN risk, and baseline diversity (Odds ratio: 0.053, (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.467, p = 0.049). Achievement of CR/CRi was significantly correlated with a decrease of microbiome diversity from baseline to day 14 (Median = -1.111), whereas failure to achieve CR/CRi was correlated with an increase in microbiome diversity from baseline to day 14 (Median = +0.199). There were no significant correlations between levels of baseline, day 14, or day 30 microbiome diversity and age (&gt;60 vs. ≤60), ELN risk categories, diarrhea, bloodstream infections, or CR/CRi using any of the indices. There were no significant correlations between decrease in diversity from baseline to Day 14 samples and diarrhea or bloodstream infections. (Figure 2) Conclusion: Gut microbial diversity declines in patients receiving intensive induction chemotherapy for AML throughout their hospitalization, even in the absence of antibacterial therapy. Overall decrease in diversity at day 14 is associated with achievement of remission, independent of age, ELN risk, and baseline diversity. In this cohort, neither decreased microbial diversity nor a decline in microbial diversity was associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Additional study of the impact of the gut microbiome on outcomes in patients with AML is warranted. Disclosures Lee: Roche Molecular Systems: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Helsinn: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy; Ai Therapeutics: Research Funding; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Ritchie:Genentech: Other: Advisory board; Celgene: Other: Advisory board; AStella, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, NS Pharma, Pfizer: Research Funding; Celgene, Novartis: Other: travel support; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pfizer: Other: Advisory board, travel support; agios: Other: Advisory board; Tolero: Other: Advisory board; Celgene, Incyte, Novartis, Pfizer: Consultancy; Ariad, Celgene, Incyte, Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Desai:Sanofi: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Cellerant: Consultancy; Astex: Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria. Roboz:AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amphivena: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Argenx: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astex: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celltrion: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eisai: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MEI Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Orsenix: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Otsuka: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sandoz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Trovagene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Scholars of language believe that where there is no language there is no development, thus language is pivotal in the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to explore a language-based approach to the achievement of SDGs. Studies and reports describe language theories such as Edward Sapir-Benjamin Lee Whorf Linguistic Determinism Theory, Geoffery Leech’s five characteristics of language, Lev Vygotsky Developmental Theory, Jim Cummins Principles of Language – Basic Interpersonal Skills/Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency and other relevant linguistic concepts vis-à-vis sustainability goals and enumerate how the SDGs can be translated into a plan of action through the language-based approach. Specifically, the study focuses on Goal 3- Good health and wellbeing, Goal 4 - Quality education, Goal 16 - Peace, justice, and strong institutions, and Goal 17 - Partnership for the goal. Qualitative meta-analysis was employed using a five-step synthesis approach: 1) Exploring the field and defining research questions 2) search, selection, and appraisal of studies (sampling procedure) 3) data extraction 4) aggregation and 5) synthesis to analyze data from reports, symposiums, and studies as the main sources of data. In the iterative analyses, aggregates of concepts were identified: 1) language 2) language users 3) inclusiveness, equality, and sustainability 4) Sustainable Development Goals and language-based approaches. Other concepts were extracted from data such as diversity of language, language and culture, multilingualism, plurilingualism, multiculturalism, multilingualism, mother tongue-based multilingual education, literacy and reading skills, communication disabilities, minority vs. dominant languages, language loss and language maintenance, rights language to health care, inclusivity, vulnerability, diversity, equality, global citizenship, transparency and integrity, nationalism, national unity and collective identity and their centrality in the development, implementation, and successful completion of the SDGs.ReferencesBaart, J. L.G. (2003). Sustainable development and the maintenance of Pakistan’s indigenous languages. Conference on the state of the social sciences and humanities: Current scenario and emerging trends Islamabad, September 26-27, 2003Balčiūnaitienė Asta (2018). 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European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies. 8(6), pp.53-61Forman, L., Ooms, G & Brolan, C. E. (Dec., 2015). Rights language in the Sustainable Development Agenda: Has right to health discourse and norms shaped health goals? International Journal Health Policy Management. ; 4(12). 799–804. Published online 2015 Sep 29. https://doi.org.10.15171/ijhpm.2015.171Hussain, N., Jagoe, C., Mullen, R., O’Shea, A., Sutherland, D., Williams, C., & Wright, M. (2018). The importance of speech, language and communication to the United Nations sustainable development goals: A summary of evidence. International Communication Project.Language, the sustainable development goals, and vulnerable populations at the church center for the United Nations, 777 United Nations Plaza, New York, on 11 and 12 May 2017 Symposium: Study Group on Language and the United Nations. an independent group of scholars and practitioners on matters related to the international use of language (Final Report)Mweri, J. G. (2020). Sustainable development goals: Reaching people through their mother tongue. Linguistics and Literature Studies. http://doi.org.10.13189/lls.2020.080103Nwanyanwu, A. U. (2017). The place of indigenous languages in sustainable national development in the twenty-first Century: The Nigerian perspective. International Journal of English Language and Communication Studies 3(3), ISSN 2545 - 5702Obiegbu, I. (2015), The English language and sustainable development in Nigeria Open Journal of Political Science, 5(2) Article ID:54264,4 pages DOI: 10.4236/ojps.2015.52009.Ollinger, A. (2012) Communication strategies in ELF. Academia. Communication_strategies_in_ELF-with-cover-page-v2.pdfReyes, C. M., Albert, R.G., Tabuga, A. D., Arboneda, A.A., Vizmanos, V. & Cabaero, C. C. (2019). The Philippines’ voluntary national review on the sustainable development goals. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.Stein-Smith, K. (2016). The role of multilingualism in effectively addressing global issues: The sustainable development goals and beyond. ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and practice in language studies, 6(12), pp. 2254-2259Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Quality education as a sustainable development goal in the context of 2030 agenda: Bibliometric approach | HTML (mdpi.com) International communication project(www.internationalcommunicationproject.com)The Sustainable Development Goals Report (2021). United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with more than 50 international agencies. http://The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2021.pdf (un.org)Traore, D. (2017). The role of language and culture in sustainable development 30th - 31st October - 1st - 3rd November 2017, International Conference of the Consortium for Comparative Research on Regional Integration and Social Cohesion (RISC).Vuzo, M. (2019). Implementation of sustainable language education in the Tanzanian context: A Critical review. School of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania African Education Indices, 11(1). ISSN 2276 – 982XWilhite, Z. B. (2013). Local languages of instruction as a right in education for sustainable development in Africa Sustainability, 5, 1994-2017; http://doi.org./10.3390/su505199

FAITH AND EVOLUTION: A Grace Filled Naturalism by Roger Haight. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2019. 241 pages. Paperback; $30.00. ISBN: 9781626983410. *Roger Haight is a Jesuit priest, theologian, and former president of the Catholic Theological Society of America. He is the author of numerous books and has taught at Jesuit graduate schools of theology in several locations around the world. In 2004, the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) barred Haight from teaching at the Jesuit Weston School of Theology in response to concerns about his book Jesus Symbol of God (1999). In 2009, the CDF barred him from writing on theology and forbade him to teach anywhere, including at non-Catholic institutions. In 2015, Haight was somewhat reinstated and when Faith and Evolution was published, he was Scholar in Residence at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He is regarded as a pioneering theologian who insists that theology must be done in dialogue with the postmodern world. His experiences with censorship have led to widespread debate over how to handle controversial ideas within the Roman Catholic church. *The main presupposition of this book is that Christian theology must be developed from the findings of contemporary science in general and from the process of evolution in particular. In chapter one, Haight briefly summarizes five principles about our world that can be drawn from science. These principles include the following: (1) our universe is unimaginably large; (2) everything exists as constantly dynamic motion and change; (3) everything in motion is governed by layers of law and systems conditioned by randomness; (4) life is marked by conflict, predatory violence, suffering, and death; and (5) science is constantly revealing new dimensions of the universe. *Haight seeks to explain how the disciplines of science and theology relate to each other in chapter two. He begins by summarizing the four positions proposed by Ian Barbour which include conflict, independence, intersection (dialogue), and integration. After presenting several differences between scientific knowledge and faith knowledge, he concludes by suggesting that the independence model is the one that best describes the practices of most scientists and theologians. Any integration between the two disciplines can occur only within the mind of a person who is able to see things from different points of view, and entertain them together. *The next two chapters deal with creation theology: chapter three focuses on what we can "know" about God, and chapter four describes how God acts in an evolutionary world. Several theological conceptions of God are summarized in chapter four. These include the following: God is pure act of being (Thomas Aquinas), God is ground of being (Paul Tillich), God is serendipitous creativity (Gordon Kaufman), God is incomprehensible mystery (Karl Rahner), and God is transcendent presence (Thomas O'Meara). This last definition of God is the one that Haight latches on to, and he mainly refers to God as "creative Presence" throughout the rest of the book. While acknowledging that God is personal, he emphasizes that God is not a "big person in the sky," but a mysterious and loving presence within all material reality. He insists that all anthropomorphic language about God needs to be discarded as it not only misrepresents scientific knowledge but also offends religious sensibility. God is the "within" of all that exists which emphasizes God's immanence, but God is also "totally other than" created reality, which allows for God's transcendence. Haight's understanding of God is basically a form of panentheism, a term that he introduces in chapter three and then revisits in later chapters of the book. *Chapter four, entitled "Creation as Grace," attempts to answer the question of how God acts in an evolutionary world. Haight states that "one can preserve all the assertions of tradition without the mystifying notions of a supernatural order or interventions into the natural order by following the path laid out by creation theology" (p. xi). His answer to the question of how God acts in history is to be found in the classic notion of creatio continua, God's ongoing dynamic presence within all finite reality. God does not act as a secondary cause but works as the primary agent present to and sustaining the created world. This concept of God as creative Presence is then compared to the scriptural understanding of God as "Spirit," which Haight concedes is the most applicable way of talking about how God works in history. A third way that God acts in the world is then developed from a brief history of the theology of grace. These three sets of theological languages that include God's ongoing creation, the working of the Holy Spirit, and the operation of God's grace in people's lives are, according to Haight, different ways of referring to the same entity. *Chapter five examines the doctrine of original sin in light of evolution. Haight argues that this doctrine in its classic form contains serious problems and therefore needs to be discarded. The Genesis account of Adam and Eve is nothing more than an etiological myth which has no historical basis. Consequently, "when original sin becomes unsteady, the whole doctrine of salvation in terms of redemption begins to wobble" (p. 121). Human beings have not "fallen" and, even though they retain the influences of past stages of evolution, they cannot be born sinful. While Haight admits that humans are sinners, the sins that we commit are nothing more than social sins derived from our participation in sinful institutions that are a part of our evolutionary heritage. It is these sinful social structures that are primarily responsible for corrupting our moral sensibility, rather than some innate propensity to sin. *The person of Jesus Christ and the doctrine of Christology are the subjects of chapters six and seven respectively. Haight introduces chapter six by contrasting the different ways of interpreting Jesus of Nazareth that are presented by Marcus Borg and N. T. Wright. He obviously sides with Borg's perspective as he suggests that one should think about Jesus as simply a "parable of God." Jesus was not an intervention of God in history, but a human representative of God who was "sustained from within by the Presence of the creator God in a way analogous to all creatures and especially human beings" (p. 202). While Haight admits that God was present within Jesus in a unique and more intense way, this same God can also be more powerfully present in others, making them in some measure true revelations of the divine Presence. Jesus provides salvation by "revealing God" and, although this particular revelation of God is meant for all humankind, it does not exclude the likelihood of similar kinds of revelation within other religious traditions. *The last chapter of the book, chapter eight, is a response to the question of what we can hope for in an evolutionary worldview. Haight discusses the following possibilities: faith in a creator-finisher God who injects purpose into the process of the universe, hope for a cosmic preservation of the value and integrity of being, hope for a restoration of meaning relative to innocent suffering, and hope for the preservation of the human person and personal resurrection. He describes resurrection as a passing out of materiality into the sphere of God that transcends the finite world, or in other words, eternal union with God. The resurrection of Jesus was not a historical event, but a spiritual conviction developed by his followers after his death. It was this "Easter experience" which became the basis for the written witness to the resurrection of Jesus that is recorded in the New Testament. In death, Jesus was "received into God's power of life; he did not cease to exist as a person, but lives within the sphere of God" (p. 179). Our hope for an analogous form of personal resurrection ultimately comes down to faith in a creator God who is the "lover and finisher of finite existence." *For whom then is this book written? As stated in the preface to the book, it is not written for scientists, as one will learn very little actual science from its pages. Haight writes that he is mainly addressing Christians who are affected by our present scientific culture and who do not know how to either process their Christian faith in this context or call it into question. However, most of those who fall into this category will likely have difficulty understanding the ideas that are presented in the book without some type of graduate-level training in theology. The book appears to be written primarily for like-minded theologians who are associated with the more liberal wing of the Roman Catholic church. (Many of the footnotes in the book cite publications written by fellow Catholic priests such as Teilhard de Chardin, John Haught, Hans Jung, Karl Rahner, Edward Schillebeeckx, and William Stoeger.) *While Haight's main purpose for writing this book is admirable, it is doubtful that many outside of academia will take the time and put in the effort that is needed to read it and actually understand it. Christians with more conservative, biblically based faith commitments should probably bypass it altogether, as there is very little, if any, orthodox Christianity that is upheld within its pages. *Reviewed by J. David Holland, Clinical Instructor, Department of Biology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703.