Bibliographies thématiques / Pre-emption in u.s.a

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Pre-emption in u.s.a »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Pre-emption in u.s.a"

1

Posler, Brian D., et Carl M. Rhodes. « Pre-Leadership Signaling in the U. S. House ». Legislative Studies Quarterly 22, no 3 (août 1997) : 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/440320.

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Palavestra, Aleksandar. « Vasić pre Vinče (1900-1908) ». Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 7, no 3 (1 mars 2016) : 649–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v7i3.3.

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Lik i delo Miloja Vasića predstavljaju skup čpoštovanih opštih mestač srpske arheologije. Uzdignut na pijedestal rodonačelnika discipline s ikoničnim značajem, Miloje M. Vasić (1869-1956) se među srpskim arheolozima i u široj javnosti doživljava u skladu s opšteprihvaćenim i stereotipiziranim kanonom: da je u pitanju velikan srpske nauke, prvi srpski školovani arheolog, dugogodišnji profesor arheologije na Filozofskom fakultetu, upravnik Narodnog muzeja i istraživač jednog od najznačajnijih praistorijskih lokaliteta u Srbiji, neolitske Vinče. Namera mi je bila da radove Miloja M. Vasića iz perioda 1900-1908. pročitam u kombinovanom internalističko-eksternalistič- kom ključu istorije discipline, ali i da njegove lične motive i dileme i protumačim bez naslaga uobičajenih poštovanih opštih mesta. Još od 1906. Miloje Vasić marljivo izgrađuje svoju paradigmu u kojoj sve praistorijske lokalitete iz šire oblasti srpskog Podunavlja tumači u ključu egejskog sveta. Pri tome praistoriju na srpskom tlu ne smatra samo bledim odrazom udaljene mediteranske svetlosti, već punopravnim, mada siromašnijim ogrankom egejske porodice. Sva Vasićeva potonja pogrešna hronološka podešavanja i snižavanja datiranja Vinče i drugih praistorijskih lokaliteta isključivo su bila u funkciji izgrađivanja i učvršćivanja tog izmaštanog modela egejskog sveta na Dunavu i njegovog približavanja egejskoj i grčkoj matici. Još pre nego što je i započeo iskopavanje neolitske Vinče 1908. Miloje Vasić je bio čvrsto uveren u svoju zabludu da je taj lokalitet grandiozna emanacija bronzanog doba Egeje.
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Танашян, М. М., А. А. Шабалина, Е. В. Ройтман, Т. В. Вавилова et П. И. Кузнецова. « Trombogennost' u bol'nykh ishemicheskim insul'tom na fone istinnoy politsitemii ». Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета, no 2020(4) (août 2020) : 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2020.052.

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Problema vozniknoveniya i vozmozhnyye prichiny trombogennosti u patsiyentov s ishemicheskim insul'tom (II) na fone istinnoy politsitemii (IP) ostayetsya aktual'noy. Tsel'yu issledovaniya bylo opredelit' kompleks faktorov, assotsiirovannykh s formirovaniyem vysokoy trombogennosti u patsiyentov s II na fone IP. Provedeno kompleksnoye kliniko-laboratornoye obsledovaniye 127 patsiyentov v ostreyshem periode II i spustya 16–18 mesyatsev: 68 patsiyentov s II na fone istinnoy politsitemii IP (osnovnaya gruppa) i 59 patsiyentov s II bez IP (gruppa sravneniya). Laboratornoye obsledovaniye vklyuchalo opredeleniye gemoreologicheskikh parametrov, pokazateley sistemy gemostaza, funktsii endoteliya, aktivnosti angiogeneza, tsitokinovogo i vospalitel'nogo ryada, molekulyarno-geneticheskoye issledovaniye mutatsii V617F v gene JAK2 i analiz vklada ikh izmeneniy v razvitiye trombogemorragicheskikh oslozhneniy. Obnaruzheno, chto nevrologicheskaya kartina v obeikh gruppakh byla bez znachimykh razlichiy so sredney otsenkoy po shkale NIHSS 12 i 13 ballov sootvetstvenno. Otmecheny osobennosti morfofunktsional'nykh kharakteristik eritrotsitov i trombotsitov, a takzhe gemostaziologicheskogo i tsitokinovogo profilya u patsiyentov s II na fone IP po sravneniyu s gruppoy sravneniya. Odnim iz klyuchevykh elementov v potentsiirovanii tromboticheskikh oslozhneniy u patsiyentov s II i IP stala velichina allel'noy nagruzki mutatsii V617F v gene JAK2. Poluchennyye dannyye svidetel'stvuyut o sovokupnom deystvii kompleksa faktorov, formiruyushchikh vysokuyu trombogennost' u perenesshikh II patsiyentov s IP i preodolevayushchikh summarnyy effekt antitromboticheskoy terapii.
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LIN, Cheng-Yao, et Yu-Chun KUO. « Comparing U. S. and Taiwanese Pre-service Teachers' Solving Triangular Arithmagons ». Research in Mathematical Education 19, no 2 (30 juin 2015) : 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7468/jksmed.2015.19.2.89.

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Džonič, Violeta. « Lik S. I. Čahotina kroz njegovu zbirku pesama "U Srbiji i o Srbiji" ». Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 52, no 1 (2022) : 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp52-36438.

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Predmet ovog rada je ukazivanje na postojanje veoma značajne zbirke pesama S. I. Čahotina, ruskog konzula u Srbiji krajem XIX i početkom XX veka, koja je bila sasvim slučajno otkrivena među njegovim diplomatskim spisima. Naime, gotovo niko nije znao da se ovaj veoma obrazovan čovek pored svoje glavne profesije bavi i poezijom. U radu je posebna pažnja posvećena liku S. I. Čahotina: detaljno se razmatraju biografske činjenice vezane za njegov život kako pre njegovog postavljenja za konzula Ruskog Imperatorskog konzulata u Srbiji, tako i posle njegovog dolaska u Niš, gde je obavljao svoju dužnost. Autor pažljivo analizira istorijsku situaciju u Srbiji i u Nišu koja je obeležila boravak i rad S. I. Čahotina u Srbiji i koja je imala veliki uticaj na njegovu političku aktivnost i nastanak njegove zbirke pesama "U Srbiji i o Srbiji". Rad ima ne samo lingvokulturološki značaj, već rezultati istraživanja mogu biti iskorišćeni u svrhu obogaćivanja istorijskih podataka o Srbiji i Rusiji kraja XIX i početka XX veka na miljeu doprinosa ruske emigracije u Srbiji.
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Camoin-Jau, L., R. Pannell, F. Anfosso, N. Bardin, F. Sabatier, J. Sampol, V. Gurewich et F. Dignat-George. « Platelet Associated u-PA Up-regulates u-PA Synthesis by Endothelial Cells ». Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no 09 (2002) : 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613246.

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SummaryAdhesion of platelets to endothelium has been shown to induce important changes in endothelial properties. In this study, we examined the effect of platelet-endothelial cell interactions on the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) by human microvascular endothelial cells. After incubation of endothelial cells with platelets, a dose-dependent increase in the expression of u-PA Ag was observed and reached a plateau for a ratio of 300 platelets per endothelial cells. The u-PA Ag upregulation resulted from an increase in u-PA mRNA that originated from a synthesis by endothelial cells since no u-PA mRNA was detected in platelets. The platelet-induced u-PA synthesis was inhibited when the endothelial cells were pre-treated with phospholipase C to remove the u-PA receptor, or when the platelets were incubated with an antibody that blocks the binding of u-PA to u-PAR. Taken together, these data indicate that u-PA present on the platelet surface interacts with u-PAR on the endothelial cells and induces the u-PA synthesis. This mechanism may represent a physiological control of platelet-mediated intravascular fibrin deposition.
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Young, Natalie, Gregory James Conderman et Myoungwhon Jung. « Preparing Pre-service Early Childhood Candidates for Diverse Classrooms ». International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development 2, no 2 (juillet 2019) : 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtepd.2019070103.

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The demographics of schools in United States (U.S.) are rapidly changing. Therefore, teachers in the U. S. need to be prepared to teach children with a wide variety of diverse backgrounds. This article describes an introductory early clinical experience purposefully designed to provide early childhood pre-service teachers from a large Midwestern university in the U. S. with opportunities to teach children in a high-need and diverse setting. Data from exit slips and surveys associated with the Open Doors program were analyzed over four years. Results indicated that almost 90% of candidates felt the experience was beneficial to their professional growth and would consider working in a diverse school. Slightly over 90% felt the experience increased their knowledge and skills regarding working with diverse students. Implications for similar projects are provided.
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Yoshida, Hiderou, Masaya Oku, Mie Suzuki et Kazutoshi Mori. « pXBP1(U) encoded in XBP1 pre-mRNA negatively regulates unfolded protein response activator pXBP1(S) in mammalian ER stress response ». Journal of Cell Biology 172, no 4 (6 février 2006) : 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200508145.

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Upon the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) premessenger RNA (premRNA) is converted to mature mRNA by unconventional splicing that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1. The transcription factor protein (p) XBP1 spliced (S), which is translated from mature XBP1 mRNA, contains the nuclear localization signal and the transcriptional activation domain and activates the transcription of target genes, including those encoding ER chaperones in the nucleus. We show that pXBP1 unspliced (U) encoded in XBP1 pre-mRNA was constitutively expressed and markedly accumulated at the recovery phase of ER stress. pXBP1(U) contained the nuclear exclusion signal instead of the transcriptional activation domain and shuttled between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Interestingly, pXBP1(U) formed a complex with pXBP1(S), and the pXBP1(U)–pXBP1(S) complex was sequestered from the nucleus. Moreover, the complex was rapidly degraded by proteasomes because of the degradation motif contained in pXBP1(U). Thus, pXBP1(U) is a negative feedback regulator of pXBP1(S), which shuts off the transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress.
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Preiser, P., V. Vasisht, A. Birk et L. Levinger. « Poly(U)-binding protein inhibits Drosophila pre-5 S RNA 3'-exonuclease digestion ». Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, no 16 (juin 1993) : 11553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50236-8.

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Chinnadurai, V., et V. Shakila. « HOMOMORPHISM AND ANTI-HOMOMORPHISM OF SPHERICAL CUBIC BI-IDEALS OF GAMMA NEAR-RINGS ». South East Asian J. of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 18, no 03 (30 décembre 2022) : 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56827/seajmms.2022.1803.3.

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The purpose of the article is to study about homomorphism and anti- homomorphism of spherical cubic bi-ideals of Gamma near-rings R1 and R2. If φ : R1 −→ R2 be a gamma homomorphism and (C U s1 , R1), (C U s2 , R2) are spher- ical cubic bi-ideals of gamma near-rings R1 and R2.Then the image (φ(C U s1 ), R2) and pre-image (φ−1(C U s ), R1) are also spherical cubic bi-ideals of gamma near- rings R2 and R1. If φ : R1 −→ R2 be an epimorphism of gamma near-rings R1 and R2 and (C U s , R2) is a SCS of R2 such that (φ−1(C U s ), R1) is a SCBI of 2 2 R1, then (C U s2 , R2) is a SCBI of R2.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Pre-emption in u.s.a"

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Jordánek, Tomáš. « Prostorovo-časová analýza HD-EEG dat u pacientů s neurodegenerativním onemocněním ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442499.

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This master’s thesis deals with diagnostics of prodromal stage of Lewy body disease using microstate analysis. First part of the thesis includes theoretical background which is needed for understanding discussed topics and presented results. This part consists of description of the disease, diagnostic options, electroencephalography, pre-processing of the EEG record and the microstate analysis process. Theoretical background is followed by a practical part of the thesis. In the beginning, there is a chapter about a dataset, used EEG device, and own solution of the pre-processing. Microstate analysis is discussed next, its output parameters were compared between groups with statistical methods. Comparison of the subjects in prodromal stage of Lewy body disease and healthy controls brought significant differences in three parameters of microstates, in rate of unlabelled time frames and also for some counts of transitions between each map or unlabelled sections. Comparison of the subjects in prodromal stage of Lewy body disease and healthy controls brought significant differences in three parameters of microstates, in rate of unlabelled time frames and also for some counts of transitions between each map or unlabelled sections.
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Škůrek, Ladislav. « Most u obce Staré Hobzí ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265349.

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Diploma thesis is focused on design of the road bridge across the river Moravská Dyje, close the village Stare Hobzí. The are designed 3 studies of the bridge, of wich the trapezoidal slabroad with pitches is chosen for further development. Slabroad is assessed at ultimate limit state and serviceability by the valid standarts. Calculation of internal forces is made by computer program Scia Engineer 16.0.
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Bijota, Jan. « Aplikace statistické analýzy řeči pacientů s Parkinsonovou nemocí ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241988.

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This thesis deals with speech analysis of people who suffer from Parkinson’s disease. Purpose of this thesis is to obtain statistical sample of speech parameters which helps to determine if examined person is suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Statistical sample is based on hypokinetic dysarthria detection. For speech signal pre-processing DC-offset removal and pre-emphasis are used. The next step is to divide signal into frames. Phonation parameters, MFCC and PLP coefficients are used for characterization of framed speech signal. After parametrization the speech signal can be analyzed by statistical methods. For statistical analysis in this thesis Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, mutual information, Mann-Whitney U test and Student’s t-test are used. The thesis results are the groups of speech parameters for individual long czech vowels which are the best indicator of the difference between healthy person and patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. These result can be helpful in medical diagnosis of a patient.
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Šestáková, Barbora. « Komunikace u dítěte s opožděným vývojem řeči v institucionální péči ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397316.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the theme of speech therapy. The thesis deals with problems of delayed speech development in pre-school children, especially their vocabulary. The main aim of the thesis is the evaluation of vocabulary as well as evaluation of awareness about possibilities of enrichment and indicative range of evaluation of vocabulary. The main investigation was realized by means of half-structuralized interviews with respondents, who spend the most time and are in the daily contact with evaluated children. Arose findings should help to increase the effectiveness of speech therapy in the field of speech content of children with delayed language development. The output of this thesis is the newly created testing materials that will help assess the indicative range of vocabulary in these children.
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Picková, Helena. « Přechod z preprimárního do primárního vzdělávání u dětí s nízkou návštěvností mateřské školy ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394259.

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The dissertation focuses on the parental attitudes about education of their children during transition from pre-primary to primary education. The study focused on families without identified socio-economic disadvantage whose children were not enrolled in kindergarten. The research design was a longitudinal multiple case study of seven families located in the Liberec region. Data was gathered at multiple points during the children's transition from the kindergarten to primary school. The study focused on the reasons that led parents gave for deciding that their children would either participate in non-regular pre-primary education within nursery schools or not attend the pre-primary classes at all. The study inquired about: parents' general attitudes about pre-primary education; their views on the right educational path for their children; and their self-reported approach to their children's overall development. The study also examined the parents' feelings about the introduction of an obligatory pre-school year and their process of making the enrollment decisions. The results showed that although these families did have some common characteristics, the reasons given for opting not let their children attend preschool, were diverse. Mothers of these children were passionate about doing what's best...
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Rybárová, Eva. « Čtenářské strategie jako podpora porozumění předčítanému textu u dětí předškolního věku ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342043.

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The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the reading strategies can be applied even for the preschool children. These strategies help children to understand the text read out aloud. In the theoretical part I am devoted to define the concept of pre-reading literacy, its connection with critical thinking and introducing the program Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking. I also clarified the relationship between reading skills and reading strategies, approached selected reading strategies and possible methods for their development. In conclusion of the theoretical part I outlined some of the strategies that might be suitable for working with preschool children. In the practical part I focused on the acquisition of individual strategies for preschool children, for the exact strategies: connecting (text to self, text to text, text to world), visualizing, predicting, reasoning, summarizing and questioning. Each of them I presented on concrete examples. I also proposed an integrated project involving work with these strategies, which I realized and then analysed. Based on the results of research, I have concluded that preschool children can work very well with these strategies, while indicating that these significantly contribute to the comprehension of the text of preschool children. Keywords:...
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Ždímalová, Hana. « Předposlechová fáze ve výuce poslechu u dospělého žáka na úrovni A2 - B1 ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327182.

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The Pre-listening Stage in L2 Listening Instruction to A2 - B1 Adult Learners By Hana Ždímalová This dissertation deals with listening instruction to adult EFL learners in the Czech Republic and the phenomenon of pre-listening, which is currently under-researched. It examines adult EFL students' perspectives and perceptions of listening instruction and of the inclusion of different pre-listening techniques, particularly at CEFR A2-B1 proficiency levels. The theoretical part of the study focuses on current developments in listening research and the historical context of the development of listening instruction in classical FLT methodology. The pre-listening stage has been integral to L2 listening instruction since the beginning of Communicative Language Teaching. However, some controversial issues have recently been raised. For example, teachers are sometimes suspected of spending too much time on the pre- listening stage (Field 2002; 2008) and the overall usefulness of previewed comprehension questions in testing listening has been challenged (Sherman 1997). Moreover, adult students' listening needs and their perceptions of listening instruction have not yet been thoroughly researched (Graham 2006; Graham and Macaro 2008). This study argues that we should ask the students about their perceptions...
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Livres sur le sujet "Pre-emption in u.s.a"

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Gautreau, Henry W. 1830's pre-emption entries on the backlands of New River, Louisiana, in conflict with the Houmas land claim. [Gonzales, La.] : H.W. Gautreau, 1995.

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(Editor), Thomas O. White, et Bruce I. Zimmer (Editor), dir. The Official Guide to U. S. Law Schools, 1987-88 : Pre-Law Handbook. Law School Admission Council, 1987.

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Fuller, Janet M. Bilingual Pre-Teens : Competing Ideologies and Multiple Identities in the U. S. and Germany. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Fuller, Janet M. Bilingual Pre-Teens : Competing Ideologies and Multiple Identities in the U. S. and Germany. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Fuller, Janet M. Bilingual Pre-Teens : Competing Ideologies and Multiple Identities in the U. S. and Germany. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Young, Eric. U. S. History That Changed the World : Part I : From Pre-Independence to WWI. Independently Published, 2018.

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Oehm, Max Wilhelm. Rechtshilfeverfahren in Beweissachen Nach 28 U. S. C. § 1782 in der Internationalen Handels- und Investitionsschutzschiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2016.

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Oehm, Max Wilhelm. Rechtshilfeverfahren in Beweissachen Nach 28 U. S. C. § 1782 in der Internationalen Handels- und Investitionsschutzschiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2016.

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Oehm, Max Wilhelm. Rechtshilfeverfahren in Beweissachen Nach 28 U. S. C. § 1782 in der Internationalen Handels- und Investitionsschutzschiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2016.

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Oehm, Max Wilhelm. Rechtshilfeverfahren in Beweissachen Nach 28 U. S. C. § 1782 in der Internationalen Handels- und Investitionsschutzschiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2016.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Pre-emption in u.s.a"

1

Young, Natalie, Gregory James Conderman et Myoungwhon Jung. « Preparing Pre-service Early Childhood Candidates for Diverse Classrooms ». Dans Research Anthology on Instilling Social Justice in the Classroom, 450–67. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7706-6.ch028.

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The demographics of schools in United States (U.S.) are rapidly changing. Therefore, teachers in the U. S. need to be prepared to teach children with a wide variety of diverse backgrounds. This article describes an introductory early clinical experience purposefully designed to provide early childhood pre-service teachers from a large Midwestern university in the U. S. with opportunities to teach children in a high-need and diverse setting. Data from exit slips and surveys associated with the Open Doors program were analyzed over four years. Results indicated that almost 90% of candidates felt the experience was beneficial to their professional growth and would consider working in a diverse school. Slightly over 90% felt the experience increased their knowledge and skills regarding working with diverse students. Implications for similar projects are provided.
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Tarnowski, Karol. « Wolność u Wojtyły i Tischnera ». Dans Horyzonty wolności, 103–14. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788374388320.10.

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Both for Karol Wojtyła, the future Pope John Paul II, and Józef Tischner, freedom is a key matter. However, freedom must be e x p e r i e n c e d ; it is not revealed in objective metaphysics or in science.For Wojtyła, it is an experience of the moral a c t : freedom is a condition and in-gredient of the moral act and responsibility for it. It enters into the composition of the essential structure of the person, which means “self-restraint,” or shaping oneself through free choices. Freedom has the power to create man through itself: referring to others in morality, I at the same time refer to myself, deciding who I will be. This existential weight of freedom – responsibility for oneself before others, God, and oneself – is the price of freedom which, let us add, is inevitable. Even the rejection of freedom or resignation from it is still an expression of freedom. For Wojtyła, freedom shapes man through an instinc-tive, completely not induced reference to the truth about values. However, in this reference and in acting the subject is dependent only on itself. The weight of the action, whose truth we decipher in our conscience, is what most impresses Wojtyła. The lack of a need for the concept of grace in this vision is striking. The subject is independent, autonomous, and thus responsible. With regards to this point, Wojtyła is close to Thomism and its respect for the innateness of creation.For Tischner, freedom is key and is also an innate value that is experienced. Its essence is above all freeing, liberating; thus Tischner does not hesitate to discern it in extra-moral phenomena such as dancing, which liberates beauty, and even extra-human ones, such as the beauty of an elk jumping across a brook. Beauty and good require freedom. However, the true liberation of freedom is opening oneself to the freedom of the other in encoun-ter, as thanks to this I can enter into a relationship of love and fidelity; I can s a c r i f i c e myself and through this fulfill the highest act of freedom, an act that is not induced by pre-established responsibility for the other, as in Levinas’ philosophy. Although it is not induced, this act assumes in an essential way the relationality of the subject and at the same time its finiteness.
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Guimaraes, Tor, Osamu Sato et Hideaki Kitanaka. « Comparing U. S. and Japanese Companies on Competitive Intelligence, IS Support and Business Change ». Dans Intelligent Support Systems, 4–21. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-931777-00-1.ch002.

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The increase in business competitiveness forces companies to adopt new technologies to redesign business processes, improve products, and support organizational changes necessary for better performance. The literature on Competitive Intelligence (CI) touts its importance in providing corporate strategic vision to improve company competitiveness and success. To implement their strategic vision companies have to implement changes to their business processes, products, and/or to the organization itself. The voluminous body of literature on the management of change, including sub-areas such as Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Total Quality Management (TQM), and product improvement, implicitly or explicitly propose that company strategic intelligence is a pre-requisite for change, and that effective Information Systems (IS) support is a critical requirement for implementing change. There is some empirical evidence supporting these two hypotheses based on U.S. business organizations and there is little reason to believe that the relationships do not hold for Japanese companies. Whether or not U.S. and Japanese organizations are different in any way along these important variables is an interesting question. A field test of how effectively U.S. and Japanese business organizations are identifying strategic problems and opportunities, how effectively they implement business changes, and use IS technology to do so, was undertaken to empirically explore any differences. Despite the relatively small sample size, the results corroborate the importance of competitive intelligence and IS support for effectively implementing business change in U.S. and Japanese companies. The findings indicate, on the average, American companies are more effective in providing IS support for business change and Japanese companies are more effective in CI activities.
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Dickerson, Patricia W., Blaine R. Hall, Daniel F. Stockli, Lisa D. Stockli, Richard E. Hanson, C. Mark Fanning et Paul O’Sullivan. « Pre-Pangean evolution of central southern Laurentia : Insights from zircon U/Pb geochronology, Marathon-Solitario fold-and-thrust belt, west Texas ». Dans Laurentia : Turning Points in the Evolution of a Continent. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1220(20).

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ABSTRACT Upper Cambrian through Middle Ordovician sedimentary strata of the Marathon/Solitario Basin (west Texas), which were folded and thrust-faulted during late Paleozoic Appalachian-Ouachita orogenesis, preserve evidence of the pre-Pangean history of the central southern Laurentian margin. New detrital zircon analyses reported here are from three Marathon Basin/Solitario formations: the upper Cambrian Dagger Flat Sandstone; the Lower Ordovician Marathon Formation, including the Rodrigues Tank Sandstone Member; and the Middle Ordovician Ft. Peña Formation. The far-southwestern outcrops of those Iapetus margin strata are within the Solitario dome (Presidio and Brewster Counties, Texas). Solitario zircon U/Pb geochronological results (laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry [LA-ICP-MS], sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe [SHRIMP]) expand the record of Cryogenian rifting as the Cuyania terrane separated from Laurentia. We evaluated these new data along with earlier geochronological and geochemical results from rift-related lava clasts in Lower–Middle Ordovician sedimentary subaqueous debris-flow deposits in the northwestern Marathon Basin. Deepening of the Iapetus seaway near the Laurentian margin (late Cambrian–Middle Ordovician) stimulated headward erosion of drainages, reflected in the systematic north-northwestward shift in zircon provenance from the west Texas Grenvillian and Southern Granite-Rhyolite Provinces to Yavapai-Mazatzal and Cheyenne Belt sources. The Cuyania rifted terrane underwent subduction at the western Gondwanan margin of the Iapetus Ocean in mid-Ordovician time (486 ± 7 Ma to 463 ± 4 Ma), and the resulting volcanism in the Famatina complex (Argentina) was most intense from ca. 472 to 468 Ma. Magmatic zircons from Ft. Peña bentonitic layers have identical U/Pb (488–468 Ma) and biostratigraphic (Darriwilian) ages to those from Famatinian bentonites at Talacasto (470 ± 5 Ma) in the Precordillera of Cuyania. Geologically constrained paleomagnetic reconstructions for 470 Ma depict the proximity of the Famatina arc, the rifted Cuyania terrane, and southern Laurentia at low southern latitudes (equator to ~30°S). These first U/Pb geochronological data from the Marathon/Solitario depocenter of western Iapetus appear to be compatible with such a configuration and can serve as test data for emerging tectonic interpretations.
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Schütze, Robert. « 6. European Law II ». Dans European Constitutional Law, 193–224. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198864653.003.0006.

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This chapter begins with an analysis of the primacy doctrine. There are two perspectives on the primacy question. According to the European perspective, all Union law prevails over all national law. This ‘absolute’ view is not shared by all the Member States. Indeed, according to their national perspective(s), the primacy of European law is relative: some national law is considered to be beyond the primacy of European law. The chapter then moves to the doctrine of pre-emption. This concept discusses to what extent European law ‘displaces’ national law; or how much legislative space European law still leaves to the Member States. The Union legislator is generally free to choose to what extent it wishes to pre-empt national law within a certain area. However, there are two possible constitutional limits to this freedom. First, the type of instrument used—regulation, directive, or international agreement—might limit the pre-emptive effect of Union law. And, second, the type of competence on which the Union act is based might also determine the capacity of the Union legislator to pre-empt the Member States.
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Schütze, Robert. « 6. European Law II ». Dans European Union Law, 193–224. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198864660.003.0006.

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This chapter begins with an analysis of the primacy doctrine. There are two perspectives on the primacy question. According to the European perspective, all Union law prevails over all national law. This ‘absolute’ view is not shared by all the Member States. Indeed, according to their national perspective(s), the primacy of European law is relative: some national law is considered to be beyond the primacy of European law. The chapter then moves to the doctrine of pre-emption. This concept discusses to what extent European law ‘displaces’ national law; or how much legislative space European law still leaves to the Member States. The Union legislator is generally free to choose to what extent it wishes to pre-empt national law within a certain area. However, there are two possible constitutional limits to this freedom. First, the type of instrument used—regulation, directive, or international agreement—might limit the pre-emptive effect of Union law. And, second, the type of competence on which the Union act is based might also determine the capacity of the Union legislator to pre-empt the Member States.
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« ddirroeucg te hdteavt en re ts duec it in of the hazard or a h re egrtthhe ro u ri g sk haasb so e c tt iear te udndweirtshtafnudtiunrge duction in vulnerability, or both. b ei can t es t r siusltthoefn actual his be human-in adtuucreadl . ortoern ical event. Disasters can diction, monitoring, mitiga G ti roev at i e ro r nmental causes and greatly reduce the frequency n a , n an em d d se pr pehp asis verit ayreodfnoens na stpucrra e­ danlv re o isasters. Many llautm ed epd ro is vaisdtee rs doofctuhmee case studie in dnetvae ti loonpio ng f s included in this countries. pre avnido us d d ev ro e u lo gphetd -e rm ly iassessment refers to the occu m rr aetnecseofotfhedrcoou st gshat. ndac Im lo ti psos ns aecsttsashsa ar otciaalegtle ow for classified as economic, social, and environmen etn ». Dans Droughts, 45. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-32.

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« Jeu as nte -A A u fr g ic uasnt. T lo h w ese in tropospheric jetstr ea le mvc el l , u de antdhew su e b st t ro A pi f c ri aclan ea st m er ildy -, deve s. These fast-moving upper pre Spoa lo re pdendes th srpoou li gch ie s s . ound early warning and disaster ltehveeltw ra inn cieties in sdpsoh rt avoeffamr-o re is atcuhrien , g m im opmaecn ts tuwm it , hproelslpuetcatnttso , reeflfyorh ts e , a w vi h ly icohndp ev o e st l -o dpiisnagstceorurnetlr ie ie fsa , ned sp reech ia alb ly ilA ita fr tiicoan , a an tm dop sp es htesr , ic to dgyentahm er ic w s. ith many other aspects of the tdo is atshtee rs s . evIen re imm ake them m creas peadc ts vuo ln fed ra ro o u re ghatn bility doafnmdsooo re th vulnerable Tropical cyclones have both direct and indirect severe consequences of natural disasters c iet eyrn to a tu t r led to th haeliam ss poacc ia ts t ed onwK ith entyhaensrtarionn fa gll. w T in hdes , doic re ecatniwmapvaecst , saanrdefdoerc la N ra attiuornalofDtihsea st 1e9r90Rseadsuc th ti eon In t ( eIrD na N ti D on R a ) l D by e ca th deeaen xc yescsyicvleonperew cip e ith it iant io th netw ha etstoec rn cu Irnw di haennO th ceeaenffeex ct tsenodfpUrnoim te odteNdaitsiaosn te s. rpTrheevemna ti joonraonbd je cptrievpearoefdInD es NsD th R ro iusgthocolv im er atK ol eongyiac . a l It sh hit the Keny arneccoorod uld be as s t . shTohwen th o a ted ind tino th cayt rect ecflto he fe nce ts ahvaaosileafavbe le rcdo ev n e ce ny dama lo rgp te e, in dgc in otuen rn tr aiteiso , ntaol re adcu ti coen , l os esspo ecially in the cyclone, however, occur when the cyclone is far from often as so acnid at esdocw io it ehconnaotm ur iacld di issa ru st petrisofn li , few , hpircohpea rt ryet it hserceegn io tr n e , butthsetrie ll bayt tra in cttesrtfhee ri n re g g io wniatlh wi tnhdes to n w or a m rd aslh at etlip tu tdoess hi tfhtattheap re o st p -d re is vaaslteenrt re iln ie f and . r T eh haeb se il it cao ti uolnd circ Culloas ti e on patterns of the many developing general ciin rc te urlaac ti t o io nnsohvaevrerbeegeinonoabl winds. the regi soenrvaendd between the cou A n tr n ies the extra-includin egw . th d e im feuntsuiroen re to cu rnraetnucrealocflidm ro at uegh variability, tsryosp te ic masl , wmeiadtlhaetr it u sy dsetewmesstle ik r e li etsh , e N fr oorn th ta lAatn la dntb ic lo coksicn il g ­ tchuerrternatdigtlioobnaallcsopn ac cee -r t n im aebopuattttehrenspootfengtlioablacths, a n is geth in e T la e ti l climate, Ke l o ec n o , nenae st Atlantic pat nyan rai cntfiaolnlsanhdavEeNaSltseor ns b , eeanndobEsuerravse ia dpbaetttw erns. inclu O, quasi-biennial oscillati eoenn , h cl u im madt ing the space-time ch an eaecvteinvtis ti etsh . roSuug ch h e im nv piarcoanrm ac e te nrtiasltidces gr oafdaetx io tre ts are currently subj nembey intraseasonal wave, and so forth. The influence of the of many studies and debates, as reflected in the 19 c9t5sw co a m te prlebxod topographical patterns and the large inland Intergovernmental Pane inland wat ieersbiosdv ie e s ry insc ig lu n d if eicL an ak teinViKce to nryiaa . , w Th h e ic h la h rg aess in c d ie inctaitfe ic d ‘d aisssceesrsnm ib elnet inf olfoncC lim lim a ate Change (IPCC) an area of about 70,000 km2 and is the second largest the recent climate trends l ’ u . eInPcCeCof te change, which freshwater lake in the world. The complex topo­ ever, that no conclusive evidence ( 1h9u9m5a ) nnaoctteid vi , tiheosw in ­ K gr i a li p m hical patterns include Mt. Kenya, Mt. human-can be derived fo anjaro, and the Great Rift Valley with its accurate inmdeutcheoddscf li omrattheed ch et aencgte io nsiagnnd al s a tt urn ib ti ult io mnoroercaltitm en a d te anptroccheasisnesofcamnobuentoab in ta s i . n D ed e ta fr i o ls of the regional natural/anthropoge f Anyamba 1992, Fremming 1970, manOdg al F lo in 1d9 la 9 te 3 r , acn ha dng ac e cu si rgan te a ls cla im re atanv ic a ilab ( lhe, u m to agne -t ihnedrucweid th ) ad celq im ua attee 1966. tch li e m si ast . ecSheavnegrees , icnocnes lu eddqau ta e n for testing various hypo­ patterns of extreme clim iantge ces ecvheanntgseosf in htuhmeasnp -a icned -u ti c m ed e like drought, would cDorm ou pgohntenatnsdoofthnear tu erxatl reme climate events are normal h ca ig ll hlfiogrhtceld ea brym th it eigIaPtC io C n . and adaptation policies, as iam nd pacco ts m m of onthpehseenon me n in atew ra o n rl nduwaildceliemvaetreyvyaeraira . b T ili htey men Gtlaolbadlegcroandcae ti ronnapbrooucte ss heusmaannd -i nsduusc ta eidn ab ein li vtiyr on o ­ f m an idn im ad al eqiuna the de atural disasters, however, te drou v g el hotpesdhoccokunatbrs ie osrbw er hserheaveef fi b ci aernettniaetsurlaeld re to so u een Conference th rc ees vita on o rga Enlnivstao ir t most o io nnmeonfs ocioecon t the anUdn it oemd ic Naat ctivi­ Sustain iaobn le s ». Dans Droughts, 84. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-60.

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9

« scto th ara ti rsetc ic te s d ( M mo OdSe ) l . f S or m ec it ahstadnad ta are called model output 1994). The state of ENSO is only one of many factors obs terevveedn SS gi T v en a perfect SRSoTp el feow re sckais ( t 1 -9 9i7 .e ) ., shtohweu (K se r d is hn to aKfuom re acrae st t al t . h1e99I5n ) d . ian summer monsoon m to oid ts elEuNsS ed O -a r t -N t C he E P cu rrent operational atmospheric Ward et al. (1993) discuss the useful level of skill In their study e , la ftoerd ty r -a fi i need vne fa lylspastu te brsn ta snfto ia rlpa ra d c ju ti sctamleun se ts . m of a d tr eop in ic a re l al n o ti r m th e A by f ri tchaenU fo KreM ca e st tse or th ol aotgihcaavleOb ff eiecnee (h xianm dc in aesd ts ) fo bra se th d e on specif e ie a d rs ( oofbsseeravseodn ) alSS fo Trew ca esrtess re in la ctei on 1s9h8i6p . swTih th esgeloabrael ly ladrigsetlry ib ubtaesdedSSoTn , SS st Tatiin st itchaelm ea o ch d el sism imulation wapserrieopde at 1e9d50 th -i 9r4 te . enEa ti cmh es s , e w as hoenraelpSoonue th n t. A O tla vnetrict , hean la dstade re claad ti e v , eltyhesm re aalll -ti EmNeSfOo re ccoam sts ­ u initial co unldaitt io io nnswatso st easrttiemdatwe ith th e s lig mha tl gynid tu if dfee ren otfvhaalviedah te addahisnkdic ll asstismim lar adteotwhiatthotbhtea in seadme fr osm ta t c is rto ic sasl -v av anrp ia re ti doincs ta ble and therefore random atmospheric methods. The chief limitation to further progress is a rai enrfaag ll edf or tion th ca elcm ul oad te e l. thTehebtehsitr te meondseilmeus la ti t m io antseao re flsaecaksoonf ( gJluonbeal th tr roopu ic gahlSSeSpTtefm or beecra ) s . tsAvcaclu id ra f te orfo th re ecawse ts ttgylpoibcaall ly v , a a ri l th ea ocuhghgitvheen seasonal SST pattern. Quite of ENSO would help, but would in most years be well, it sho at w io ends in sem as oodneall re ra piln ic fa altledpa th tt eeronbs se qruvietdeifn al sluffo fi rceiceanst. tsAatrmeoaslp so heu ri scedd , ynbaumtitchaely -m oondleyl -h baavseedusreaf in ul ­ T re hgu io s ns fo rofptrheec ip w it s a ystematic or tlido , n -t rhee la tmesdpaa ti pap ll l y ic var odel pre a d ti i o ct nys in g in biases. skill with lead times of a month or less before the require some kind ions wmoaun ld y r th ai antf al hlusm ea asnoin ty ( Fhoa ll sanidncerteaals . ed1 99 th 1 e ). Istuisscaelpsto ib p il o it s y si b o le f g ki ennderoaf te bdi as byadajuM stm OS ofteacdhjnuisqtumee . n T ts h , e perhaps those tropical west Africa to drought through the pro­ production of operat einot places a huge bnue rd ed en foorntthhiesg co re vsesrivoevreerdu re c c ti eonntd in ecnaedaers -. coTahsitsalcw ha e n st geAfirn ic a th nefolraensdtM because each time the m na oldd el y n is a m ch ic aanlge fo d r , eacansetwmsoedteo ls f s (e u . r g fa ., ceElb ta ohuinrdaan ry dhGaosnbgee1n99s6 ho ) w to nhbayve se v th e e ra lpo au te tnhtoirasla ne O ed S e statistics must be calculated to provide the to weaken the north African monsoon. More studies nneacleys si d sa s ad ojfu ry Msm tm u e lt n id ts e . c T ad h a is l re en qu se ir m es bltehsetgoe ne orbatta io in natnhdetorfopp ic oasls ib nloer th re g A io fr n ic aalnarnatihnrfo al p l, ogaesniwce ll inafs lu efnocr es on fundamental OiSmp st rao ti vse ti m cs enatnsdtuond th eerssecom re osdtehles , nseuecdh fo as r reg W ion ar sdwe it thaml. a ( r 1 gi 9n9a3l ) seaalssoonadlisrcau in sfsaltlh , e a re sk n il eleo de odt . her tahboosvee . related to the flux adjustments, discussed m tim ad eefboy re c th a e st sff real­ UK orM th et eeon ro olro th g e ic aasltOBfrfaizcielsw in ectes1e9 as 8o7n . dro Kungohwt le p d re gdeico ti fonEsNS in O m is a n in ysup ff airctisenotffotrher eg w io o n rl adlT se hviesreisa relatively dry area, subject to intermittent lbeescsaium se p o in rt a th n ese regions its influence is either small or Hastenr dartohuagnhdt. c T ol hleasbeorfao to re rs c a ( set . s g , ., asHw as etlelnarsatthho1s9e95b ) y , p ea ro st foBurnad zil an t than other factors. For instance, north­ are mainly statistical, although real-time dynamical patterns ( lFyo ll iandf lu west A nd eentcael. d frican w 19 b9y1 , H tro ept ic saela so Ant la ra nitn ic fa ll astenrath 1995, WSaSrTeM for eetceaosrtosl og hiacvae ard based on tropi lcbaOlAfefe ic n e . mTahdee st saitn is ctei cal 19f9o4 re ca bsy ts tahreeS1S9T 97 ) i . n In th aeddtirtoipoinc , aplaIrn ts d i of the Sahel are affected by on ENSO SSTs. On tl aanv ti ecraSgSeT , t a ro npoim ca allyAp tl aatn te ti rcnsSaSnTdsF Si o m ll i a la nrd ly , eltocaall . SS 19 T9p1a , tt Bar anns to Onceaannd (P Sam lm ith er11999866 ). , h re agvieonaboofuSt ou tw th ic Aem th e e ri cian , fl aule th nocue gh ofexEtN re SmOeE fo NrStOhs is , A no urstth ra w li eas , tnooftA ab ulsyt ra ilniatih er e ns influence precipitation in such as that in 1982-3, can dominate the circulation Drosdowsky 1993, F n re d th IendA ia uns tr O al c ia enanw north and and precipitation patterns over tropical South ericksen and i B nt aelrgo ( v e. ign . d , A sis m te e n ri t c ly a . h T ig hhe le r v ea el l -t o im f e sk iflol, resc im as itlsarhtaovethhaatdobatac in oend ­ ». Dans Droughts, 63. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-43.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Pre-emption in u.s.a"

1

Teitel, J. M., M. B. Garvey et J. J. Freedman. « THE ENDOTHELIAL CELL AS THE SII$ OF THE FACTOR VIII BYPASSING ACTIVITY OF PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX CONCENTRATE (PCC) ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644731.

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PCC is used empirically for its factor VIII (FVIII) bypassing activity in hemophiliacs with inhibitors to FVIII. The effect of of PCC on plasma coagulation tests is variable and is not predictive of clinical response. We are testing the hypothesis that bypass activity is expressed locally at the vessel wall, which functions as a procoagulant surface at times of hemostatic stress. Monolayer cultures of umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) were incubated for 1 hour with commerical PCC (1 u/ml), and then extensively washed to remove fluid phase PCC components. Ellagic acid-activated PTT determinations were then done over the treated monolayers using plasma deficient in FVIII (<1 u/ml). PTTs over EC pre-treated with PCC were shorter than PTTs with control EC or EC pre-treated with commercial FVIII concentrate (control 101 s, PCC treated 57.7 s, FVIII treated 84 s, means of n=3). Similar results were obtained using non-activated PTTs and with adult saphenous vein EC. The bypass effect of PCC was dose-related:non-activated PTTs were 172 s (control),134 s (PCC 0.1 u/ml),and 107 s (PCC 1 u/ml). Pre-treatment of EC with cycloheximide shortened the PTT of FVIII deficient plasma, presumably due to impaired expression of endogenous anticoagulant activity.Subsequent incubation of cycloheximide pre-treated EC with PCC still provided FVIII bypass activity. In contrast, FVIII consistently failed to shorten the PTT using FVIII deficient plasma added to cycloheximide pre-treated EC. Thfe ability of PCC to bypass the FVIII defect was not impaired using paraformaldehyde 1fixed in place of live EC, but was reduced or abolished if the ECwere incubated with PCC at 4° instead of 37°.The putative FVIII bypassing component present in PCC may therefore express its activity only upon interacting with EC at sites of vascular interruption. Further studies using purified reagents will be necessary to identify the responsible substance(s). These observations may help explain the discrepancy between the clinical. efficacy of PCC and its inconsistent effect on plasma coagulation tests.
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Miekka, Shirley I. « USE OF ALBUMIN AND TWEEN AS STABILIZERS TO PREVENT ACTIVITY LOSS DURING CLOTTING ASSAYS OF COAGULATION FACTOR IX AND X CONCENTRATES ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644065.

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Assays for clotting activities of Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in Factor IX complex concentrates are IcnovTn to give variable results depending on the composition of the sample diluent. Higher potency values are obtained when deficient plasma is used for sample pre-dilution compared with dilution in buffer. This discrepancy is more pronounced in assays of higher purity Factor IX (FIX) or Factor X (FX) concentrates. We have found that addition of a mixture of bovine albumin (0.1% w/v) and Tween 20 (0.01% v/v) (BAT) to the dilution buffer can eliminate the discrepancy, giving clotting times and plot slopes equal to chose obtained upon dilution in deficient plasma. Less protection was obtained with either albumin or Tween added separately. Polyethylene glycol 8000 (0.1% w/v), commonly used to stabilize thrombin solutions, gave variable results. BAT had no effect on clotting times of whole plasma or of FIX or FX samples pre-diluted in deficient plasma. Neither deficient plasma nor BAT had any effect when added after sample dilutions were prepared: activity of a FIX concentrate was 137 U/ml when pre-diluted in Factor IX-deficient plasma and 1312 U/ml diluted in BAT, compared with 49 U/ml diluted in buffer alcne; addition of deficient plasma or BAT to the dilutions of sample in buffer gave activities of only 36 a).id 34 U/ml, respectively. Similar results were obtained with FX samples. Furthermore, when a solution of FX (pre-diluted to 1 U/ml in buffer without stabilizer) was merely transferred from one test tube to another without further dilution, clotting times increased progressively and activity decreased by 85% after 8 transfers. By contrast, an identical sample diluted to 1 U/ml with BAT remained essentially unchanged after 8 serial transfers. These results indicate that Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are very susceptible to surface adsorption or inactivation after dilution of concentrates, and that either BAT or deficient plasma will prevent this loss. The use of albumin and Tween as stabilizers provides a simpler, .less expensive alternative to prevent nonspecific surface adsorption and achieve more accurate measurement of clotting activities.
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Machin, S. J., I. J. Mackie, K. Walshe et M. D. Gillmer. « HAEMOSTATIC CHANGES INDUCED BY TWO LOW DOSE TRIPHASIC ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643825.

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The haemostatic system was investigated in 26 women taking cyclically administered triphasic combined oral contraceptives for the first time during their first six cycles. Fourteen women received Logynon (mean dose 32.4μg ethinyloestradiol, 92pg progestagen) and 12 received SHD 415G (Schering) which contains a mean dosage of 32.4μg ethinyloestradiol and 78pg gestodene, a recently developed progesterone. The Logynon group showed a significant increase (p<0.005) in fibrinogen (pre-mean 284.4 g/1; after 1 cycle 347.3 g/1, after 6 cycles 318.6 g/1) , factor VII (65.8 u/1 to 73.9 u/1 to 83.2 u/1), factor XII (1.74 u/1 to 2.41 u/1, to 2.25 u/1), plasminogen (100.9 u/1 to 135.1 u/1 to 126.3 u/1); decrease in ATIII (115.9 u/1 to 103.1 u/1 to 93.4 u/1) but no significant change in factor X (98.4 u/1 to 108.9 u/1 to 102.4) or protein C (0.85 u/1 to 0.88 u/1 to 0.94 u/1) activity. The SHD 415G group showed similar changes with an increase in fibrinogen (247.9 g/1 to 330.8 g/1 to 373 .1 g/1), factor VII (63.1 u/1 to 73.1 u/1 to 90.3 u/1, factor X (98.3 u/1 to 112.0 u/1 to 124.4 u/1), factor XII (1.46 u/1, to 1.93 u/1, to 2.03 u/1), plasminogen (110.8 u/1 to 125.4 u/1 to 136.7 u/1); decrease in ATIII (113.1 u/1 to 96.3 u/1 to 89.7 u/1), but no change in protein C (0.84 u/1 to - 0.78 u/1 to 0.85 u/1) activity. These changes were apparent after the first cycle of therapy and the differences were maintained over the six cycle period. There was no increase in protein C activity despite changes in the other vitamin K dependent proteins factors VII and X. Both low oestrogen dose triphasic pills caused similar prothrombotic changes which were not modified by the new progesterone, gestodene.
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Agnelli, G., J. Born, I. Cosmi, M. Levi et J. W. ten Cate. « EFFECTS OF STANDARD HEPARIN AND A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (KABI 2165) ON PLASMA LEVEL OF t-PA AND PA INHIBITOR ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642867.

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Previous and recent reports have suggested a fibrinolysis-enhancing property of standard heparin (SH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) but these observations have never been confirmed in a clinical study fulfilling appropriate methodological criteria.Aim of this study was to evaluate in a cross-over double blind placebo-controlled study the effect of SH and LMWH (K 2165) on fibrinolysis. Six healthy volunteers (age 22-30) received a bolus dose of the following treatments: l)Placebo, 2)Kabi SH,5000 I.U., 3) Kabi 2165,5000 anti Xa U, 4)Kabi 2165, 10000 anti Xa U. A 4 day wash-out period was adopted.The volunteers had been fasting for at least 12 hours before the infusion and were sitting during the experiment.Before starting the infusion and at 1,2,5,10,15,30,60,120 minutes thereafter, blood samples were collected for the assay of t-PA activity, PA inhibitor activity, plasminogen, alfa2-antiplasmin, fibrinplate lysis area (FPLA), fibrinogen, aPTT, antithrombin III and anti-Xa activity. Placebo and Kabi 2165,5000 U had no effect on t-PA plasma level, however both SH and Kabi 2165,10000 U produced a statistically significant increase of t-PA level at 1 hour after the infusion. The t-PA increase lasted for at least 2 hours after the infusion; at that time the average t-PA activity was 0.14 U/ml for SH and 0.09 U/ml for Kabi 2165,10000 U (p<0.05, AN0VA,average pre-infusion level and placebo at 2 hours:0.01 U/ml).At that time plasma anti-Xa was 0.11 U/ml for SH and 1.05 U/ml for Kabi 2165,10000 U. SH and Kabi,10000 produced no effect on PA inhibitor.No effect of any treatment on fibrinogen,alfa2-antiplasmin,plasminogen, FPLA and antithrombin III was observed. We conclude that in this study both SH and Kabi 2165 produced a delayed and sustained increase of t-PA. The relevance of this effect remains to be established.
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Powling, M. J., et R. M. Hardisty. « THE DEPENDENCE OF PLATELET ATP SECRETION IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS AGONISTS ON Ca2+ MOBILIZATION AND AGGREGATION IN QUIN 2 LOADED PLATELETS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644676.

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Thrombin (0.O5 and 0.5 u/ml), ADP (10 uM), PAF. (30 nM), vasopressin (vp, 0.018 u/m1 ), arachidonate (AA, 10 uM), U46619 (0.125 ug/ml) and A23187 (2OO nM) induce aggregation ATP secretion, TxB2 generation and a rapid elevation of intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) concentration provided the medium contains 1 mM extracellular Ca2+. Phorbol ester (TPA) induces aggregation and secretion with no alteration in [Ca2+i]. Pre-incubation with Fab fragments of Ml48, a monoclonal antibody against GPIIb/lIIa, completely abolished aggregation in response to all agonists without affecting Ca2+i flux. ADP and A23187-induced secretion was completely abolished by M148 Fab while that induced by VP, PAF, U46619, AA, thrombin and TPA was inhibited by 70%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 25% and 10% respectively.In the presence of 1 mM EGTA (Ca2+o <100 nM), aggregation was again abolished and the Ca2+i fluxes were about 10-20% of those in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ o. ADP and A23187 again induced no secretion, but 0.05 u/ml thrombin, PAF, VP, U46619, AA, 0.5 u/ml thrombin and TPA induced respectively 6%, 8%, 12%, 30%, 40%, 57% and 85% of control (1 mM Ca2+ o) levels. Addition of Ml48 Fab and EGTA together had no greater effect than EGTA alone.At the concentrations used, ADP and A23187 are thus completely dependent on aggregation for the induction of ATP secretion, while TPA and thrombin (0.5 u.ml) can actlargely independently of both aggregation and changes in[Ca2+ i]. Low concentrations of thrombin induce secretion in the absence of aggregation provided the stimulated [Ca2+i] is sufficiently high (ie greater than that seen with <100 nM Ca2+ o). VP and PAF appear to be more dependent on aggregation for their secretory responses, while U46619 and AA are more dependent on stimulated [Ca2+i].
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Rylance, P. B., M. P. Gordge, N. J. Dood et M. J. Weston. « THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ANTIGEN (vWFAg) AS AN ENDOTHELIAL MARKER DURING HAEMODIALYSIS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643345.

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It has been suggested that platelet activation during haemodialysis (HD) is associated with damage to the endothelium which might contribute to increased atheroma seen in HD patients. We have therefore measured vWFAg (by radial immunodiffusion) as an endothelial marker during HD and B-thromboglobulin (BTG) (by RIA) as a marker of platelet activation with various anticoagulant regimes: unfractionated heparin (UFH) (Leo), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (Choay CY 216), regional citrate anticoagulation, prostacyclin (PGI2) (5ng/kg/min) and the combination of PGI2 + UFH.Platelet activation occurred (as shown by a progressive rise of BTG) during HD with UFH, LMWH and citrate, but not with PGI2 or PGI2 + UFH. Pre-dialysis vWFAg levels were elevated in HD patients (2.37 ± 1.16 (SD) U/ml) compared with healthy controls (1.15 ±0.34 U/ml, p<0.001). Plasma concentrations of vWFAg increased during HD with UFH (26 ± 13* rise after 120 mins, p<0.001), but not during HD with LMWH, citrate, PGI2 or PGI2 + UFH. UFH infusion without HD did not result in vWFAg rise nor did UFH or IMWH interfere in vitro with the vWFAg assay. Thus PGI2 prevented both platelet activation and release of vWFAg. With IMWH and citrate there was no increase of vWFAg despite evidence of platelet activation.Elevated pre - dialysis vWFAg concentrations in HD patients may reflect chronic endothelial injury or alternatively may be due to impaired clearance of vWFAg in uraemia. The results obtained during HD suggest that vWFAg release occurred only in the presence of both platelet activation and high molecular weight heparin chains. Whether the release of vWFAg reflects disruption and damage to the endothelium or stimulation and displacement of vWFAg remains uncertain.
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Lijnen, H. R., L. Nelles, G. Lemmens, D. Collen et W. E. Holmes. « A FUSION PROTEIN OF THE A-CHAIN OF t-PA WITH LOW Mr scu-PA COMBINES THE FIBRIN-SPECIFICITY OF BOTH MOLECULES ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643943.

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A hybrid human cDNA was constructed by ligation of a cDNA fragment of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), encoding 5∲-untranslated, the pre-pro region and amino acids Ser 1 through Thr 263, with a cDNA fragment of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), encoding amino acids Leu 144 through Leu 411. The hybrid cDNA was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells and the translation product purified from the conditioned cell culture media in the presence of aprotinin. On SDS-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, the protein migrated as a single band with approximate Mr 70,000 and on immunoblot-ting, it reacted with rabbit antisera raised against human t-PA and against human u-PA. The urokinase-like amidolytic activity (S-2444) of the protein’ was 320 IU/mg but increased to 43,000 IU/mg after treatment with plasmin, which resulted in conversion of the single chain molecule (t-PA/scu-PA) to a two-chain molecule (t-PA/tcu-PA).Both proteins activated plasminogen directly with Michaelis constant (Km) 1.5 μM and catalytic rate constant (km2) 0.0058 s-1 for t-PA/scu-PA and with K = 80 μM and = 5.6 s-1 for t-PA/tcu-PA. CBNr-digested fibrinogen stimulated the activation rate of plasminogen with t-PA/tcu-PA (increase of k2/Km of 88-fold).Both t-PA/scu-PA and t-PA/tcu-PA bound specifically to fibrin albeit ^np$re weakly than t-PA. In an in vitro system composed of a human I-fibrin labeled plasma clot immersed in human plasma, the t-PA/tcu-PA hybrid has a higher fibrin-selectivity of clot lysis than tcu-PA, but this difference was not evident between t-PA/scu-PA and scu-PA. The stability of the t-PA/scu-PA hybrid in plasma was much higher than that of the t-PA/tcu-PA hybrid, a difference comparable to that between scu-PA and tcu-PA.It is concluded that these t-PA/u-PA hybrid proteins combine fibrin-affinity of t-PA with the enzymatic properties of u-PA (either scu-PA or tcu-PA), resulting in improved fibrin-mediated plasminogen activation.
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Thomas, M., P. Lumley, P. Ballard et J. R. O'Brien. « INITIAL STUDIES IN MAN WITH A NOVEL THROMBOXANE RECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUG GR32191 ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643467.

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In-vitro GR32191 is a potent and specific thromboxane receptor blocking drug on platelets, and vascular and airways smooth muscle (Lumley et al this meeting). We have undertaken studies in healthy male subjects (n) to examine the effects of oral GR32191 upon platelet aggregation ex-vivo and template bleeding time. Platelet aggregation was monitored in whole blood by counting platelets electronically. Concentration-effect curves to U-46619 and ADP were constructed prior to and following drug or placebo. The degree of rightward displacement of a curve due to treatment was expressed as a concentration-ratio (CR) which was calculated at the 50% aggregation level (ECso post-treatment ECso pre-treatment). Plasma concentrations of GR32191 were determined by h.p.l.c. After single doses of GR32191 mean peak CR's of 8 and 80 were achieved with 0.125 and 0.25mg/kg (n=4) and values of 74 and 234 with 0.5 and lmg/kg (n=4). Peak effects were seen within 2 hours of dosing while activity was still present between 8 and 24 hours. ADP-induced aggregation was unaffected by drug (CR<2) and placebo was without significant effect upon the sensitivity to either aggregating agent (CR<2). GR32191 was rapidly absorbed and the plasma elimination half-life was about 2 hours. GR32191 17.5mg 12-hourly for 10 days (n=6) produced a progressive antagonism of U-46619 induced aggregation which resulted in a large continuous blockade in all subjects (range of 12htrough CR's 85 to 287). However, plasma concentrations of GR32191 did not accumulate on repeated administration. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (n=16), a statistically significant (p= 0.002) increase in bleeding time was seen following treatment with GR32191 40mg twice daily for 7 days (pre-treatment mean 3.79 min, post-placebo mean 3.47 min, post-GR32191 mean 5.42 min). Rectal bleeding (n=l) has occurred with GR32191 but otherwise tolerability has been good. No drug related changes have been seen in routine laboratory safety screens. Clinical studies are in progress.
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Ruiz, M. A., I. Marugán, A. Estellés, F. Espafia, J. Aznar et J. García-Conde. « THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMOTHERAPY ON THE PLASMATIC COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643187.

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Following the administration of cytostatic drugs, an increase in thromboembolic phenomena has been described in cancer patients. Such hemostatic alterations may be related to degree of hipercoa-gulability observed following chemotherapy, in comparison to previous levels. In terms of the fibrinolytic system, however, no - clearly defined alterations have been detected. We studied the - changes in plasmatic coagulation and fibrinolysis in 40 patients with non-operable stage III and IV lung cancer (30 epidermoid - ad 10 microcytic neoplasms) following cytostatic chemotherapy. Two studies were done on each patient, i.e., one at the time of diagnosis, -and the other 48 hours after completing the first chemotherapeutic cycle. The results show significant (p 0,05) post-chemotherapy increases in fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels (pre: 2.95 ± 3.98, post: 8.15 ± 9.40 ng/ml), as well as a decrease in fibrinolytic activity reflected by a drop (p 0.01) in functional tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (pre: 1.53 ± 1.66, post: 0.91 ± 0.95 ng/ml). Morever, a tendency towards reduced euglobulinic precipitate lysis on fibrin agar was observed (pre: 122.8 ± 85.7, post: 105 ± 71.5%). The other parameters evaluated, i.e., antithrombin III, plasminogen immunologic t-PA and functional PA inhibitor - (PAI) showed no significant changes.We have also studied the potential accumulative effect of three chemotherapy courses and the results were compared to the situation at the time of diagnosis. A significant increase p 0.01 in functional PAI has been observed (pre: 1.85 ± 2.38, post: 5.41 ± 3.74 U/ml). The possible participation of tumor mass in the elevation of these parameter was considered: but no relation betwen tumor mass and increase PAI have been detected.Chemotherapy is apparently capable of conditioning a decrease in fibrinolytic activity in these cancer patients, this could be related to the enhanced tendency of these patients to developing - thromboembolic phenomena following cytostatic chemotherapy.
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Wester, J., F. W. J. Van Mensvoort, D. G. Meuleman, H. ten Cate, C. P. Henny et J. W. ten Cate. « EFFECTS OF ORG 10172, A NOVEL LMW HEPARINOID ON PRIMARY HAEMOSTASIS IN RATS AND HUMANS. A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643238.

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Org 10172 is a novel low molecular weight heparinoid isolated from animal mucosa with a higher anti-thrombotic/bleeding risk ratio than standard heparin. The effects of Org 10172 and heparin on primary haemostasis in rats and humans have been studied by light and electron microscopy (LM&EM).In rat ears bleeding wounds were inflicted. The wound areas were excised 5, 15 or 30 min. after bleeding induction, and processed for LM and EM. Org 10172 and heparin have been administered in doses of 300 or 600 anti-Xa U/kg i.v., 5 or 1 min. prior to bleeding induction. Bleeding wounds of drug treated animals have been compared with those of placebo animals. Heparin inhibited degranulation as well as fibrin deposition and groups of not aggregated, sometimes even discoidal platelets could be found after heparin treatment. Org 10172 inhibited degranulation to some extent but less than heparin and Org 10172 hardly inhibited fibrin deposition.In six human volunteers SimplateR bleeding time wounds were excised by punch biopsy, 20 min. after bleeding induction and processed for LM and EM. Org 10172 was administered as single bolus injection of either 3200 or 6400 anti-Xa U i.v., 10 min. prior to bleeding induction. Heparin was given in a dosis of 10.000 anti-Xa U i.v. All biopsies from post-drug bleeding time wounds were compared with biopsies taken from pre-drug bleeding time wounds in the same volunteer. As in the rat studies, heparin inhibited degranulation and fibrin deposition whereas after Org 10172 treatment these effects were hardly detectable. In general the effects of both drugs on haemostasis in the human volunteer study were less distinct than in the rat study. This may be attributed to the lower dose levels used.In conclusion, primary haemostasis after Org 10172 treatment is somewhat retarded, but essentially normal, whereas haemostasis after heparin treatment is more severely disturbed.
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