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Duffy, Katherine. « Combating poverty and social exclusion in Europe ». Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5135.
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Sánchez, Alba Lanau. « Being and becoming : youth poverty and labour market transitions in Europe ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687686.
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The socio-economic transformations that accompanied the development of post-industrial societies in the West have generated debates regarding the impact of social change on the nature and patterning of youth disadvantage (e .g. Giddens, 1991; Paugam, 2007; Woodman, 2012). Individualisation theory argues a loosening of the influence of structural factors on young people's transitions (Leisering and Leibfried, 1999). In contrast, social disqualification theory suggests that the experiences of young Europeans are becoming increasingly polarized (Paugam, 2007). Finally, supporters of structural theory highlight that biographies remain strongly shaped by the traditional stratification markers and that the impact of socio-economic transformations on youth transitions has been overstated (Furlong, 2009). To date empirical evidence is scarce (Vandecasteele, 2011). Drawing on two longitudinal European comparative surveys, this thesis examines change and continuity in youth disadvantage during the 1990s and early 2000s. The project assesses changes in the extent to which gender, class and migrant background shape young people's exposure to poverty, as well as the influence of disadvantage on young people's labour market transitions. Results for a range of economic and institutional contexts are contrasted by comparing six European countries: Denmark, Belgium, France, the UK, Italy and Spain. The study finds no sign of an individualisation of youth transitions. During the period of examination the association between individual background, poverty and transitional pathways is remarkably robust. There is no indication of a process of polarisation either. There are however significant cross-national differences indicating that national structures filter the impact of social change in the nature and patterning of youth disadvantage. Changes in the patterning of disadvantage also vary across predictors, suggesting the need for theories of social change to consider factors such as gender, migrant background and their interaction with class in order to build a more nuanced understanding of social inequality.
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Venturini, Gian Lorenzo. « Poor children in Europe : an analytical approach to the study of poverty in the European Union, 1994-2000 / ». [S.l. : s.n], 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412430622.
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Pugh, Michael C. « Limited Sovereignty and Economic Security : Survival in Southeast Europe ». University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4190.
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yesThis paper focuses on why shared sovereignty in general has been problematic and why the political economy of liberal peace has had limited impacts on poverty and the role of crime in Southeast Europe. The analysis begins with shared sovereignty and its relevance to economic development. The paper then outlines the discouraging economic situation evidenced by documentation and fieldwork. I then ask the question `how do people cope?¿, and try to answer this with reference to the labour market and the non-observable economy. The argument is that economy of survival has been both a negotiation with, and resistance to, economic policies introduced from outside. Finally, the paper contemplates political economy approaches that emphasise production and employment creation.
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Heinrich, Georges Aloyse. « Static and dynamic analysis of poverty and welfare in Europe, North America and Central Asia ». Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2107.
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Köksel, Pınar. « Living arrangements of the unemployed across europe : how households protect us from vulnerability ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461302.
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Esta tesis explora la importancia de los patrones de corresidencia de las personas desempleadas como mecanismos de protección contra el desempleo, la pobreza y la exclusión social de los hogares. Explota dos fuentes principales de datos: la Encuesta de Población Activa de la Unión Europea (UE-EPA), que es la principal fuente de datos de la UE para las estadísticas del mercado laboral, y las Estadísticas de la Unión Europea sobre Ingresos y Condiciones de Vida (EU-SILC), que proporciona datos multidimensionales sobre la pobreza y la exclusión social en Europa. Los primeros dos capítulos se centran en el rol de los arreglos de vivienda de los desempleados para protegerlos de vivir en hogares donde ninguno de sus miembros trabaja. El tercer capítulo explora la experiencia de pobreza de los desempleados utilizando el principal indicador de la UE para monitorear el objetivo de inclusión social de la Europa 2020: En riesgo de pobreza y exclusión social (AROPE) que reúne las tres dimensiones de la pobreza: la pobreza monetaria medida por umbrales nacionales relativos, la privación material medida como la falta de ciertos recursos en el hogar y la baja intensidad de trabajo que refleja la exclusión del mercado laboral. Presentamos una imagen de gran escala de Europa, una perspectiva comparativa transversal desde donde abordamos dos preguntas principales: ¿a qué edades las personas desempleadas tienen más probabilidades de estar en hogares sin empleo y pobres? ¿Cuál es el papel de los diversos arreglos de vivienda en toda Europa para proteger a los desempleados de residir en hogares donde ninguno de sus miembros tiene empleo, de la pobreza y la exclusión social? Nuestros hallazgos revelan que si los países europeos tuvieran los mismos patrones de residencia, el riesgo de estar en un hogar sin trabajo no sería muy diferente en todos los países, mientras que las diferencias en el riesgo de estar en un hogar pobre serían aún más pronunciadas. Por ejemplo, si los jóvenes que permanecen en el hogar parental durante más tiempo en el sur de Europa se fueran más temprano como en los países nórdicos de Europa, enfrentarían mayores riesgos de pobreza ya que el apoyo brindado por el estado de bienestar es más limitado en estos países. Este hallazgo revela la importancia de la residencia conjunta para suavizar el riesgo de pobreza para varios grupos en países con fuertes lazos familiares. Las responsabilidades atribuidas al estado del bienestar y la familia como proveedores de protección y apoyo varían sustancialmente en toda Europa. Mientras que en los regímenes de bienestar universal de los países escandinavos, es responsabilidad del estado de bienestar proteger a cada individuo independientemente de su situación familiar, en el sur de Europa con estados de bienestar más débiles la familia juega un papel crucial, moderando las consecuencias adversas que enfrentan las personas desempleadas. El papel decreciente del estado de bienestar como el principal proveedor de seguridad financiera, con beneficios básicos que no logran mantenerse al ritmo de los crecientes costos de vida, impone más responsabilidad a las familias para proporcionar apoyo para el bienestar económico de sus hijos. Esta nueva tendencia pone el potencial de la familia y los mecanismos de apoyo intergeneracionales en el centro de los debates sobre el retroceso de los estados de bienestar y las fuentes alternativas de bienestar para las poblaciones desempleadas en toda Europa. En este contexto, la principal contribución de esta tesis es su enfoque en las familias como mecanismos de apoyo importantes, particularmente en los países con instituciones públicas más débiles. Proporciona información útil sobre las estrategias de co-residencia desarrolladas por las distintas generaciones contra la exposición a dos situaciones principales de vulnerabilidad: vivir en hogares en los que ningún miembro está empleado y vivir en la pobreza y la exclusión social.This thesis explores the importance of co-residence patterns of unemployed individuals as support mechanisms against household joblessness and poverty and social exclusion. It exploits two main data sources: the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) which is the main data source of the EU for the labour market statistics and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) which provides comparable multidimensional data on poverty and social exclusion across Europe. The first two chapters focus on the living arrangements of the unemployed to protect them from being in jobless households, households in which there is no one in work. The third chapter explores the poverty experience of the unemployed using the main indicator of the EU to monitor the social inclusion target of the Europe 2020: At Risk of Poverty and Social Exclusion (AROPE) which brings together the three dimensions of poverty: monetary poverty measured by relative national thresholds, material deprivation measured as the lack of certain resources in the household and low work intensity which reflects the exclusion from the labour market. We present a large scale picture of Europe in a cross-sectional comparative perspective, addressing two main questions: At which ages unemployed individuals are more likely to be in jobless and poor households? What is the role of varying living arrangements across Europe to protect the unemployed from joblessness at the household level and from poverty and social exclusion? Our findings reveal that if countries had the same co-residence patterns across Europe, the risk of being in a jobless household would not be very different across countries, while the differences in the risk of being in a poor household would be even more pronounced. For instance, if young individuals who stay in the parental home longer in Southern Europe were to leave earlier like it is the case in Nordic European countries, they would be facing higher risks of poverty since support provided by the welfare state is more limited in these countries. This finding reveals the importance of co-residence to soften the risk of poverty for various groups in countries with strong family ties. Responsibilities attributed to the welfare state and family as providers of protection and support vary substantially across Europe. While in the universalistic welfare regimes of Scandinavian countries, it is the responsibility of the welfare state to protect each individual irrespective of his/her family situation, in Southern Europe with weaker welfare states family plays a crucial role, moderating the adverse consequences unemployed individuals face. The diminishing role of welfare state as the main provider of financial security, with basic benefits failing to keep up with the increasing living costs, puts more responsibility on families to provide support for the economic well-being of their children. This new trend puts the potential of the family and the intergenerational support mechanisms more in the center of the debates regarding the retreating welfare states and alternative sources of welfare for the unemployed populations across Europe. Within this context, the main contribution of this thesis is its focus on families as important support mechanisms, particularly in countries with weaker welfare state institutions. It provides useful insights regarding the co-residence strategies developed by generations against exposure to two main situations of vulnerability: living in households in which there is no one in work and living in poverty and social exclusion.
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Denuit, François. « Fighting Poverty in the European Union. An Assessment of the Prospects for a European Universal Basic Income (EUBI) ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284009.
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It is widely agreed that a society must guarantee a social minimum to all its members. Yet, the organisation of social protection within the European Union (EU) is insufficient to protect all Europeans effectively against the risk of poverty and social exclusion. Against this backdrop, this thesis investigates whether a European universal basic income (EUBI) is, if at all, a worthwhile policy to address the problem of poverty in the EU.The central claim of the study posits that there are strong reasons to consider a partial EUBI as a desirable instrument for EU-wide poverty alleviation. Under this scenario, the EU works as a complementary welfare layer offering systemic support to its Member States’ welfare models whilst respecting the diversity of national social protection arrangements. At the same time, as an instrument of pan-European solidarity, the EUBI provides substance to EU social citizenship.The method used is problem-oriented and interdisciplinary, combining insights from political theory, political economy and EU studies writ large. After having layed out the various dimensions underpinning the problem of poverty in the EU and clarified the contours of the solution under scrutiny, the thesis confronts the EUBI with a series of challenges, ranging from normative issues associated with the unconditionality of the basic income and the pursuit of social justice in the EU, to the institutional hurdles pertaining to the legal feasibility of the proposal, via the macroeconomic difficulties related to the diversity of interdependent economies.Overall, this contribution examines an idea which remains unexplored in EU studies and proposes a new approach to European anti-poverty strategy. It also bridges the gap between EU social policy and basic income literatures, beyond established boundaries of research compartmentalisation. As such, it prepares the ground for further fine-tuned research in the areas covered by this comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Deganis, Isabelle. « A dialogue across paradigms : the European Commission's autonomous power within the open method of coordination ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a7f66cca-a998-4981-8c9c-cb295c27dcd7.
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This research project seeks to gauge the autonomous power of the European Commission within the Open Method of Coordination (OMC), a new mode of governance coined at the Lisbon European Council in March 2000 and based on the principle of the voluntary cooperation of Member States. Two cases form the basis of this inquiry, namely, quality in work, a policy issue addressed under the banner of the European Employment Strategy, and child poverty and social exclusion, a key item on the agenda of the OMC for Social Inclusion. A primary impetus at the heart of this project is one of ontological pluralism. Rejecting a zero-sum interpretation of the rationalist/constructivist debate, this study constitutes a plea for a conversation across paradigms. The domain-of-application model employed here works by preserving the integrity of individual theories while specifying a particular scope condition under which constructivist and rationalist insights are likely to prevail. Selecting two cases on the basis of the critical scope condition of issue sensitivity, a central postulate informing this integrative research design is that high issue sensitivity (quality in work) invites strategic interaction among pre-constituted social actors driven by a behavioural logic of utility-maximization, while low issue sensitivity (child poverty and social exclusion) allows for a fundamentally norm-guided behaviour. Concretely, in effecting this theoretical dialogue, two sets of causal hypotheses are examined. On the one hand, rational choice institutionalism (principal-agent theory) offers a number of suppositions about the Commission’s institutional power, that is, its ability to transform the conditions of action of self-seeking national governments. On the other hand, sociological institutionalism conceptualizes the Commission’s productive power (i.e. its power to constitute the interests and identities of individual agents) through the lens of discourse analysis. Testing theoretical predictions against collected data makes plain the superior explanatory value of independent variables and causal mechanisms of rationalist lineage in capturing the essence of the Commission’s autonomous power in the case of quality in work and the congruity of sociological institutionalism’s original conjectures in the area of child poverty and social exclusion. Crucially, this strict correspondence corroborates the pertinence of the critical scope condition of issue sensitivity in delineating the explanatory ambit of both theories and attests to the co-existence of different forms of autonomous power wielded by the Commission within the framework of the OMC.
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Oliveras, Puig Laura 1987. « Pobresa energètica i salut : Una aproximació des de les desigualtats socials ». Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673673.
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Aquesta tesi té per objectiu ampliar el coneixement sobre la pobresa energètica i la seva relació amb la salut a la Unió Europea i a Barcelona, tenint en compte les desigualtats socials. Per tal d’assolir aquest objectiu s’han dut a terme quatre estudis.
El primer estudi analitza l’evolució temporal de la pobresa energètica, la seva associació amb la salut i l’impacte en salut que comporta, als països de la Unió Europea abans i durant la crisi econòmica del 2008. Es mostra un increment generalitzat de la pobresa energètica i del seu impacte en salut arran de la crisi econòmica. Aquesta evolució va ser pitjor en els països amb major vulnerabilitat estructural a la pobresa energètica (sud i est de la Unió Europea) i en les dones, ampliant-se així les desigualtats territorials i de gènere.
Els altres estudis analitzen la distribució de la pobresa energètica a la ciutat de Barcelona, així com la seva relació amb la salut. Els resultats revelen fortes desigualtats socials en l’exposició a la pobresa energètica. Els col·lectius més afectats són les persones de classes socials més desafavorides, les persones nascudes en països de renda baixa i mitjana i les dones grans. S’identifiquen també tres agrupacions de barris amb nivells de pobresa energètica significativament superiors a la mitjana de la ciutat. Els resultats també confirmen l’associació entre la pobresa energètica i diversos problemes de salut física i mental així com amb un major ús de serveis de salut i consum de fàrmacs. En la població infantil, la pobresa energètica també s’associa amb un pitjor estat de salut general, una pitjor salut mental i una major prevalença d’asma i sobrepès. La pobresa energètica actua, per tant, com un amplificador de les desigualtats socials en salut.The aim of this doctoral thesis is to broaden knowledge about energy poverty and its relationship with health in the European Union and in Barcelona, taking into account social inequalities. In order to achieve this objective, four studies have been carried out. The first study analyses time trends in energy poverty, its association with health and its impacts on health, in the European Union countries before and during the economic crisis of 2008. The results show a generalised increase in energy poverty and its impact on health following the economic crisis. The figures are worse in countries with higher structural vulnerability to energy poverty (south and east of the European Union) and for women, thus widening territorial and gender inequalities. The other studies analyse the distribution of energy poverty in the city of Barcelona, as well as its relationship with health. The results reveal strong social inequalities in exposure to energy poverty. The most affected groups are people from the most disadvantaged social classes, people born in low- and middle-income countries and older women. Three clusters of neighbourhoods with significantly higher levels of energy poverty than the city average are also identified. The findings also confirm the association between energy poverty and various physical and mental health conditions, as well as with a higher use of health services and medication. In children, energy poverty is also associated with poorer general health, poorer mental health and a higher prevalence of asthma and overweight. Energy poverty therefore acts as an amplifier of social inequalities in health.
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Ustek, Funda. « Invisibility, struggle and visibility : women workers' strategies of survival in the informal sector ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:643e1d6f-6c32-4ae6-ac75-221d9dcb1b89.
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Across the world, women constitute the bottom segments of the informal labour market hierarchy, and the story is no different for Turkish women, except they are further constrained by a patriarchal family culture and corporatist welfare state structure which favours high-skilled workers in full-time employment. A reading of the literature on the reasons for participating in the informal sector suggested that workers either end up in the informal sector as a result of structural factors, such as high unemployment, horizontal and vertical labour market discrimination and limited job opportunities for the low-skilled and low-educated, or they actively chose to participate in the labour market to seize the opportunities it provides, such as evading tax and/or bureaucratic costs, or testing out business ideas. However, this dichotomous understanding provided little scope, if any, to understand why women also entered the informal sector, in ever growing numbers and what the gender-specific constraints and opportunities in the informal sector are. Against this background, this thesis aims to show that this dichotomous theorisation of the informal sector is an exaggeration of reality, and that women workers position presents a middle ground, in which they recognise the constraints on their ability to improve their lives but they are also not powerless. Hence, by focusing on the variety of survival strategies used by women workers in the informal sector, the thesis attempts to show the choice among these strategies, including the conditions in which these strategies can be adopted and the barriers to do so.
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Estévez, Araujo José, et Toledano Joan Ramos. « Governance and fight against the poverty ». Derecho & ; Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118799.
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This paper attempts to analyze policies against poverty undertaken by Spain within the framework of the Europe 2020 strategy. These policies have been applied through mechanisms of governance mechanisms -specifically, the so-called democratic experimentalism- whose effectiveness and legitimacy is at least questionable. To this end, this paper tries to analyze, on one side, the European Semester, which coordinates these policies at an EU level. On the other, various Spanish documents that are part of this process and therefore allow us assess the levels of democratic effectiveness of this mechanism.El presente trabajo trata de analizar las políticas contra la pobreza aplicadas por España en el marco de la estrategia Europa 2020. Estas políticas se han llevado a cabo mediante mecanismos de gobernanza -en concreto, el denominado experimentalismo democrático-, cuya efectividad y legitimidad están en entredicho. Para ello se analizará, de un lado, el Semestre Europeo, que coordina estas políticas a nivel de la UE. Del otro, distintos documentos españoles que se enmarcan en este proceso y que permiten evaluar los niveles de legitimidad democrática de este mecanismo.
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Gokce, Anil Ozge. « Poverty - Environment Nexus : European Union' ». Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607072/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyses the interactions between poverty and environmental degradation and the responses given by the international organisations and the EU. The analysis on poverty and environment, at the conceptual level and their interactions demonstrates the interrelatedness of the two issues and the need for an integrated and coherent response towards poverty alleviation and reversing environmental degradation. International organisations such as UNEP, UNDP, WB, GEF, CSD, OECD and the EU have the two issues on their agenda and have devised comprehensive sets of policies to achieve sustainable development objectives.
The response of the international actors and the EU appears to be effective, however the analysis exemplifies the fragmentation and lack of coherency, as well as the existence of some policy areas that still fail to integrate poverty- environment interactions. Moreover, the reflection of the said policies into decisive actions has also remained limited.
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Fürst, Josefin. « Preventing Poverty - Creating Identity ». Thesis, Södertörn University College, Institute of Contemporary History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1832.
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This paper has two aims. The first aim is to study and describe the manifest ideology of the EU's social policy. The second aim is to analyse to what extent the manifest ideology might be a part of building a common European identity - by finding common solutions to commonEuropean problems (problems, more or less constructed as common). The research is a critical ideology analysis, made up of a qualitative text analysis of EU social policy documents and National strategy reports (NSR). I ask two questions. Firstly, which are the main features in the manifest ideology of EU social policy as described in the texts? Secondly, what picture of a European identity is visible when reading the EU social policy texts and the National Strategy Reports? I have found five main features of the manifest ideology. These revolve around: how the world and change in the world are described according to the EU; the mutual interaction between the Lisbon objectives and greater social cohesion; the creating of social cohesion; the importance of how policies are constructed and implemented and the EU's self-image. The texts offer either two quite different pictures with regards to the question of a European identity or ones that is partly incoherent. The analysed EU policy texts put across a picture of a uniform Europe, suggest that there is something genuinely European and a common European identity. However, the picture obtained when reading the NSRs and the collected picture of the EU policy texts and the NSRs is much less coherent. The paper argues that the manifest ideology could be a part of building a European identity, but it does not manage to prove that it actually is.
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Akyelken, Nihan. « Capital and development in social and cultural contexts : an empirical investigation on transport infrastructure development and female labour force in Turkey ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01b1cb7a-aac9-436f-82c5-eb7ab8db138c.
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Non-economic factors like culture and politics, as well as the socio-economic background, matter significantly in directing economic development endeavours towards social wellbeing. Therefore, the current narrow definition of economic development must be extended to include overall wellbeing. As one of the primary forms of physical capital constituting a regional economy, transport investments have played a significant role in development plans. Given that accessibility to social infrastructure is a basic need, certain levels of infrastructure are essential. How these investments have an impact on different groups of individuals has kept many scholars busy for a long time. However, the economic spillover effects of these investments into female labour markets have remained largely unexplored. Situating the implications of development initiatives, including transport investments, for female labour markets in social and cultural contexts requires an integrated view of the regional economy. Although economic geography and existing development theories provide extensive conceptual models to elucidate the links between transport, labour markets and culture, the methodological implications are obscure; hence, the empirical evidence remains weak. This thesis explores the economic and non-economic dynamics of regional economies to clarify the links between transport infrastructure, labour markets, and social and cultural conditions. In particular, the association between female labour forces and development efforts, in the form of transport infrastructure development, is conceptually and empirically examined. This thesis conducts a case study on Turkey. With the extensive infrastructure investment that has been made since 2002 and the extremely low rates of female labour force participation (around 25%), compared to EU-15 and OECD averages of around 65%, Turkey serves as an illuminating case. Theoretically, the study shows that the focus of transport economics on the economic growth effect of investments is not consistent with current efforts to extend economic development objectives: transport research requires a broader view to assess its development implications. The study demonstrates how the interactions between the economic, physical, political, cultural and socio-economic attributes of regions significantly affect how individuals benefit from the investments. The overarching policy implications of the study are useful for regional development policy with a gender focus: complementary policy interventions in human capital development and the consideration of social and cultural attitudes should strengthen the positive impacts of physical investments on female labour markets.
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Gillespie, Philip Norman. « Poverty and the partnership process : the case of the Third European Anti-Poverty Programme in Northern Ireland ». Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245803.
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Wand, Harriet Rosalind. « Fuel poverty in the European Union : a multi-methods study ». Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11454/.
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Fuel poverty is an issue that is growing in both recognition and prevalence across Europe, and has been identified as a policy priority by several European Union (EU) institutions, including the European Commission. However, little is known about the historical processes that have led to the adoption of current policy, nor what the nature of discourse has been with regard to defining and measuring fuel poverty. Furthermore, there remains a significant gap in knowledge concerning the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty issues at the household-level across the EU. The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to an improved understanding of fuel poverty as a policy problem in the EU. It first presents a qualitative analysis of 44 policy documents spanning 2003 to 2014, to determine the extent to which the EU acknowledges fuel poverty, and the existing policy mandates for defining and measuring fuel poverty. Subsequently, a household-level composite index is introduced, based on survey microdata from 2007 to 2011. The remainder of the thesis presents analyses of EU fuel poverty using the new measurement tool. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge in two key ways. Firstly, it establishes the central role of institutions in shaping fuel poverty policy over time since the term first emerged in a policy document over a decade earlier. This analysis reveals that there is substantial desire among many EU institutions for quantitative assessments of fuel poverty, which has not been addressed thus far. The second contribution to knowledge is a demonstration of the pervasive and enduring nature of fuel poverty in Europe via a new pan-EU composite index. Based on the results, two key recommendations are made: firstly, an operational pan-EU definition of fuel poverty should be created; and secondly, data collection should be radically overhauled.
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Miranda, Helena Sofia de Sousa. « Objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável e políticas de redução de desigualdade e pobreza na Europa ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21014.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasA redução das Desigualdades e Pobreza é vista como uma das condições para o tão desejado Desenvolvimento. O foco no alcance de resultados sustentáveis, nesta temática, é cada vez mais impulsionador da criação de Políticas que levam organizações governamentais e não governamentais a desvendar instrumentos para a redução da pobreza e exclusão social, bem como das desigualdades. Com a finalidade de entender como é que o funcionamento dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), desenvolvidos pela Organização das Nações Unidas, pode ser um motor de redução de disparidades e pobreza na Europa, fez-se uma análise do progresso de alguns indicadores, utilizados pela União Europeia, em paralelo com o caso português. Esta análise está assente em três dos objetivos dos ODS: ?1- Erradicar a pobreza em todas as suas formas e lugares; 5- Alcançar a igualdade de Género e empoderar todas as mulheres e meninas; 10 ? Reduzir as Desigualdades no interior e entre países?. Posteriormente, analisou-se qual a relevância e adequabilidade das metas globais para os países desenvolvidos, e, por fim, concluiu-se quais são os desafios atuais existentes no cumprimento destas metas na redução da Pobreza e Desigualdade, no espaço europeu.
The reduction of Inequalities and Poverty is seen as one of the conditions for Development. The focus on achieving sustainable results, in this theme, is increasingly driving the creation of Policies that lead Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations to unveil instruments for the reduction of poverty and social exclusion, as well as inequalities. In order to understand how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), developed by the United Nations, can be an engine for reducing disparities and poverty in Europe, an analysis of the progress of some European Union indicators was made in parallel with the Portuguese case. This analysis is based on three of the Goals of the SDGs: ?1- Eradicate poverty in all its forms and places; 5- Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls; 10 - Reduce Inequalities within and between countries?. Subsequently, the relevance and suitability of global goals for developed countries was analyzed, and, finally, the current challenges existing in meeting these goals in the reduction of Poverty and Inequality were recognized.
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Hitchcock, David. « 'A restraint of their debauchery' : Poverty, power, and social policy in Augustan England, 1688-1723 ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28438.
Texte intégralRésumé :
"'A Restraint of Their Debauchery': Poverty, Power, and Social Policy in Augustan England, 1688-1723" examines the connections between ideas and definitions of poverty created by both elites and the poor, and social policy legislation and disbursement of relief. Specifically, Mackworth's failed 1704 omnibus reform bill, and Knatchbull's successful 1723 Workhouse Test Act are considered. Successive chapters are dedicated to historiography and methodology, the contemporary pamphlet debates over poverty, pauper self-definition in petitions to the state, and politics and policy during the early eighteenth century. Often this analysis focuses on individuals. Notable subjects include: John Locke, Matthew Hale, Bernard Mandeville, John Bellers, Daniel Defoe, Richard Cocks, Humphrey Mackworth, and Edward Knatchbull. Several observations about the character of contemporary perceptions of poverty are made, and their connection to the resulting legislative and published efforts is explained.
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Bedük, Selçuk. « Measuring poverty in the EU : investigating and improving the empirical validity in deprivation scales of poverty ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22f61b32-32a3-4fb3-b0ce-67b1b8fe8c00.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Non-monetary deprivation indicators are now widely used for studying and measuring poverty in Europe. However, despite their prevalence, the empirical performance of existing deprivation scales has rarely been examined. This thesis i) identifies possible conceptual problems of existing deprivation scales such as indexing, missing dimensions and threshold; ii) empirically assesses the extent of possible error in measurement related to these conceptual problems; and iii) offer an alternative way for constructing deprivation measures to mitigate the identified conceptual problems. The thesis consists of four stand-alone papers, accompanied by an overarching introduction and conclusion. The first three papers provide empirical evidence on the empirical consequences of the missing dimensions and threshold problems for the measurement and analysis of poverty, while the fourth paper exemplifies a concept-led multidimensional design that can reduce the error introduced by these conceptual problems. The analysis is generally held for 25 EU countries using European Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC); only in the second paper, the analysis is done for the UK using British Household Panel Survey (BHPS).
20
Spinello, Martina <1994>. « Agenda 2030 : Sconfiggere la Povertà. Welfare europeo e italiano. Analisi delle politiche di intervento in Italia ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lo scopo di questa tesi è proporre un nuovo approccio all’analisi della povertà e dell’esclusione sociale, in particolare facendo riferimento al caso italiano.
La tesi è divisa in 3 parti, vale a dire un’introduzione, nel primo capitolo, di cos’è l’Agenda 2030 per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile formulata dalle Nazioni Unite e del primo obiettivo: Sconfiggere la povertà, analizzando delle teorie che ci aiuteranno a comprendere meglio la provenienza di quest’ultima. In particolare ho analizzato due teorie, la teoria degli stati di sviluppo socio-economico di W. W.Rostow e la teoria del Sistema-Mondo di I. Wallerstein. Per comprendere davvero il problema ho ritenuto necessario esaminarlo anche dal punto di vista economico e politico aiutandomi con le teorie utilistarista, rawlsiana e seniana, fino ad arrivare ad una vera e propria definizione della povertà approfondendo, in particolare i concetti di povertà assoluta, relativa, soggettiva e multidimensionale. Nel secondo capitolo ho introdotto il Welfare State a livello europeo, partendo da un’analisi storica dello stato sociale, fino ad arrivare all’analisi dei vari modelli europei di welfare secondo Titmuss, Esping-Andersen e Ferrera. Nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo mi concentro sul Welfare State italiano analizzando i dati di previsione dell’anno 2018 del Rapporto economico SVIMEZ e le politiche di intervento nella lotta alla povertà e alle disuguaglianze sociali.
21
Harrison, Robert. « Never Mind the Brexit : Poverty in the UK : A Comparative Qualitative Content Analysis of the Conservative Party’s Poverty and Welfare Discourses, 2015 - 2019 ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a 2018 United Nations (UN) report on extreme poverty and human rights in the United Kingdom, the British government was condemned for their implementation of austerity measures. The Conservative Party, who had instigated and overseen the austerity measures, were accused of dismantling the welfare state and forcing millions of people into poverty. In 2016, two years prior to the UN report, there was a seismic juncture in British society: the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. This resulted in years of social division and political turmoil. This thesis analyses the discourses of poverty and welfare employed by the Conservative Party in the backdrop of Britain leaving the European Union. It applies a combination of a Critical Discourse Analysis and Qualitative Content Analysis to the 2015, 2017 and 2019 Conservative Party manifestos. In applying this methodological framework, it aims to scrutinise how the discourse attributed to poverty and welfare contrasted before and after the decision was made to leave the European Union and contemplates the societal implications of this. The paper finds that the main connection presented in the manifestos between poverty, welfare and EU membership is EU migration and that the Conservatives’ discourse employed in attribution to this changed significantly after the referendum result of 2016.
22
Udde, Carin. « Om europeiska fattigdomsteorier och deras tillämpbarhet, relaterade till policydokument för EU:s fattigdomsår 2010 ». Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41829.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master’s paper first presents some of the principal theories and concepts developed by the poverty researchers Rowntree, Titmuss, Townsend, Sen and Lister. These theoretical frameworks are then related to two documents from the EU and Sweden concerning combating poverty and social exclusion, bearing on the establishment of the ‘Year 2010 against Poverty’. Finally, I discuss the value in practice of these theories and policy documents, as regards reducing poverty in Europe.
It has become clear in this investigation that the theories and concepts from earlier research are still relevant to the formulation of contemporary policy programmes, and that earlier research helps us to avoid old traps in fighting poverty. Central terms, perspectives and theories in this thesis are ‘absolute’ and ‘relative’ poverty, inequality of social structures, human rights and wellbeing, the capability for overcoming poverty, the multidimensional nature of poverty, and the need for a future woman-friendly and cosmopolitan citizenship. The two policy documents contain different perspectives; such as rights, gender equality, integration and accessibility perspectives, together with the underlying empowerment perspective. In addition, the multidimensional nature of poverty is strongly emphasised. Policy documents have a limitation to their political and economic frames, and in order to avoid this, researchers should have a more active involvement in policy formulation, basically as in the case of official inquiries. Goal-oriented cooperation between policy, research and poor people themselves is crucial to achieving the reduction of poverty in Europe.
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Yördem, Özer. « Cosmopolitan Reflections in the European Parliament ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8278.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The problem of world poverty is appalling in human terms. Almost half of all the humankind lives below the poverty line of $2 per day, whereas affluent parts of the world continue to enjoy enormous technological and economical progress. In the light of such discrepancy, the debate in political philosophy regarding “global justice” has renewed significance. The current debate between those who agree global justice is important, is those who think that positive duties towards poor is enough, and those who think that morality requires a re-designation of the ground rules operating at the global level.
The Cosmopolitan view grounds its theoretical framework in this second view. This study aims to analyse if, and how, the normative debate in the European Parliament reflects the assumptions, arguments and considerations of the Cosmopolitan approach. This study identifies central concepts of the Cosmopolitan approach, and then analyses how these concepts are discussed in the European Parliamentary debates. In addition, I identify who discusses what in the parliamentary debates. The analysis reveals how Cosmopolitan ideas are reflected in the discourse within the debates, and the second dimension identifies which party groups discuss and hold which key concepts of Cosmopolitanism.
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Sardinha, Gisela Sofia Banha. « Pobreza e assistência em Évora (2000-2010) : a intervenção social da Caritas Diocesana ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16000.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Num momento em que o mundo e, em particular, Portugal, atravessam uma crise de grandes proporções, a escolha do tema desta dissertação tem plena actualidade. O seu objectivo central é o aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a actuação da Cáritas Diocesana, no apoio da população de Évora (entre 2000-2010). Para melhor o entender, abordar-se-ão os princípios do Welfare-State e a política social da Igreja no Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, bem como a evolução histórica da Cáritas enquanto conceito e prática.
A metodologia usada foi a da análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos relatórios da Cáritas Diocesana de Évora (2000-2010) e dos dados do Instituto de Emprego e Formação Profissional. Da análise realizada a toda a população apoiada pela Instituição constatámos que os problemas socioeconómicos que predominam são o do desemprego e situações de pobreza associadas (principalmente, insuficiência de rendimentos e endividamento); situações de pobreza resultantes de divórcio (associado à monoparentalidade), doença, baixa escolaridade e falta de apoio familiar (abandono e solidão no que diz respeito a crianças em risco e idosos); ABSTRACT: At a time when the world and, in particular, Portugal, going through a major crisis, the choice of the theme of this work is fully present. Its central objective is to deepen the knowledge on the role of Diocesan Caritas, in support of the people of Évora (between 2000-2010). To better understand, will be addressing the principles of the Welfare-State and social policy of the Church in Vatican II, as well as the historical evolution of Caritas as a concept and practice.
The methodology used was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the reports of the Diocesan Caritas of Évora (2000-2010) and data from the Institute of Employment and Vocational Training. Analysis of the entire population supported by Institution found that the socioeconomic problems that predominate are the unemployment and poverty associated (mainly insufficient income and indebtedness); poverty resulting from divorce (associated with single parenthood), disease, poor education and lack of family support (abandonment and loneliness in relation to children at risk and elderly).
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BIANCHESSI, ANDREA. « COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO : IL RUOLO DELLA SOCIETA' CIVILE NELLE POLITICHE DELLA BANCA MONDIALE E DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS).
Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo.
Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi.The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.
26
BIANCHESSI, ANDREA. « COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO : IL RUOLO DELLA SOCIETA' CIVILE NELLE POLITICHE DELLA BANCA MONDIALE E DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS).
Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo.
Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi.The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.
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Gschwind, Lutz. « Immigrants' social rights : The new 'paradox of redistribution' ? A comparative study on migrant poverty in 15 European welfare states ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265052.
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Zelenková, Jana. « Přístupy k měření chudoby se zaměřením na členské státy EU ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201951.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis focuses on current approaches to the measurement of poverty. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate if measuring poverty indicators and quality of life indicators used by United Nations Development Programme and Eurostat are meaningful enough. The theoretical part is an analysis of chosen indicators. The theoretical knowledge is followed by practical part, comparing poverty levels in member states of the European Union, and giving deeper insight into the analysis of sub-indicators. Furthermore, the thesis looks at informative value connected to mutual relations among the indicators. The comparison reveals that the level of human development is negatively related to aspects such as insufficient economic growth, inequality and low level of wealth redistribution. From an analytical point of view, new multi-criteria indicators are useful enough for the purpose of research on this topic, in spite of certain imperfections.
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Bonfiglio, Giuseppe Gaetano Emanuele. « Povertà alimentare e reti di solidarietà. Il ruolo dell'Agea e degli enti caritatevoli nell'ambito del sistema di aiuti dell'unione europea ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1625.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Scopo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare l entità e la valenza del fenomeno in una situazione, mai quanto oggi, di crisi economica partendo da un quadro mondiale per andare ad analizzare più dettagliatamente la situazione Italiana-
Il paradosso della scarsità nell abbondanza , che rappresenta oggi una delle piaghe dei paesi più industrializzati, è un fenomeno che la letteratura (tranne alcuni studiosi) ha tralasciato, data anche la difficoltà palese di andare a reperire dati specifici nei vari livelli del sistema agroalimentare. Questo lavoro tende ad accendere ancor di più un campanello d allarme sulla situazione nazionale e mondiale e si pone come obiettivo la diffusione e l implementazione di modelli di recupero di alimenti che in alternativa andrebbero sprecati.
L elaborato e costituito da una serie di approfondimenti che partono dall analisi della povertà alimentare e del bisogno, definendola nelle sue peculiarità, individuando quelle che sono le condizioni di indigenza in un contesto extranazionale che poi tende a focalizzare il suo obiettivo a livello nazionale con un analisi della scarsità,degli sprechi e degli interventi effettuati.
Segue una trattazione che va ad analizzare nel dettaglio le fasi dello spreco alimentare all interno del sistema agroalimentare passando dalla produzione agricola, all Industria , alla distribuzione per ultimare l analisi sul consumatore finale.
Lo studio procede con un analisi delle politiche statali di intervento effettuate dagli Enti preposti in sinergia con le organizzazioni caritatevoli andando ad esaminare due esperienze rappresentative del mondo del non profit come la Fondazione Banco Alimentare creata da Don Giussani e il Last Minute Market sviluppato dal professore Segrè dell Università di Bologna.
Acune considerazioni conclusive sintetitizzano evidenziare alcuni caratteri rappresentativi degli interventi che attraverso la rete di iniziative onlus vengono attuati in Italia a beneficio dei soggetti esposti al fenomeno della povertà alimentare mediante il recupero degli sprechi. .
Per un ente o associazione che si occupa di sostegno alimentare verso persone disagiate, l acquisto quotidiano di generi alimentari da destinare all'a¬limentazione degli assistiti è molto oneroso, e rappresenta solitamente la pri¬ma voce di costo, spesso sovvenzionata da enti comunali, benefattori o fonda¬zioni. Il recupero degli sprechi alimentari a favore di fasce della popolazione in difficoltà può essere vista come un opportunità per considerare questi due problemi in maniera congiunta risolvendo contemporaneamente il fallimento economico e il fallimento sociale.
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Mourão, Marta Loureiro de Moura Geraldes. « A exclusão social e o emprego : Perspectivas, realidades e políticas na União Europeia ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/595.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Sistemas sócio-organizacionais da Actividade EconómicaOs estados membros e a união europeia estipularam a luta contra a exclusão social e a pobreza como um dos elementos centrais da "modernização do modelo social europeu" que se caracteriza pelo "nexo indissociável" entre desempenho económico e progresso social Contudo, se, por um lado, pobreza e exclusão social não podem ser considerados como conceitos consolidados e não estão isentos de discussão e controvérsia, por outro, a relação estabelecida entre estes conceitos e uma nova "sociedade da informação" de pleno emprego, e qualidade generalizada de em,pregos e saláios, é na verdade uma "nova sociedade" já que até agora desconhecida. O propósito deste trabalho é o de discutir de que forma a pobreza e a exclusão social podem ser combatidas nos termos propostos pela união da expectativa de pleno emprego e de qualidade no contexto de mudanças económicas e sociais, que requerem importantes alterações aos sistemas sócio-económicos.
The europeean union and the member states as stated the fight against poverty and social exclusion as a central element in the modernising process of the "European social model" which is stated in terms of an "inseparable" link between economic performance and social progress. However, if the concepts of "poverty" and "social exclusion" can not be considered as consolidated concepts and they are not exempt of discussion and controversy, the other hand, the link established between those concepts and a new "society of information" of full employment and overall quality in terms in both terms, employment and salaries, is indeed for a "new society" since never experienced yet. The aim of this work is to discuss how poverty and social exclusion can be fighted within the europeean union in the proposed terms of expectation of full employment and quality jobs in the context of social and economical changes, that requires important changes in social and economical systems
31
Harudová, Jana. « Analýza závislosti sociální situace na úrovni transferů a dalších faktorech ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358975.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This diploma thesis deals with the social policies of the European Union and with poverty. Social policies are divided into five social models, based on basic typologies. Individual social models are characterized separately and the claims are supported by appropriate economic indicators. The practical part builds on these theoretical foundations and examines the dependence of variables and social models. Based on the indicators of poverty, the social situation of the individual states of the European Union is defined. Dependencies were created using indicators of poverty and economic variables. A generalized linear model was designed to determine the dependence of the social situation in the EU based on selected factors.
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Mendonça, Anabela Valente de Pinho. « A reforma das pensões e a garantia de rendimento mínimo para os idosos : as experiências de oito países Europeus no período 2000-2016 ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14358.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasO objetivo desta dissertação consiste na análise da natureza das reformas das pensões não contributivas realizadas em oito Estados-membros, bem como, na discussão do seu potencial efeito na pobreza dos idosos, no período 2000-2016. O estudo empírico compreende a análise das alterações legislativas subjacentes às referidas reformas, e a caraterização das medidas de reforma no sentido de identificar a maior ou menor restrição na elegibilidade, assim como, a maior ou menor generosidade das pensões. Os resultados permitem concluir que as medidas das reformas das pensões de velhice não contributivas não parecem ter tido um potencial efeito na redução da pobreza dos idosos, apesar dos objetivos subjacentes ao princípio da adequação terem sido concretizados na generalidade.
The main goal of this thesis to analyze the nature of the non-contributory pension reforms carried out in eight Member States, as well as to discuss their potential effect on the elderly's poverty during the period 2000-2016. The empirical study includes analyzing the legislative changes underlying these reforms, and characterizing the reform measures in order to identify the greater or lesser restriction on eligibility, as well as the greater or lesser generosity of pensionas. The resultes lead to the conclusion that the non-contributory old-age pension reform measures do not appear to have had a potential effect on the reduction of old-age poverty, although the underlying objectives of the adequacy principle were generally achieved.
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Šmíd, Marek. « Minimální mzda v České republice a v Evropské unii ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200206.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Master's thesis deals with analysis of the minimum wage in the Czech Republic and European Union. The first three chapters describe the function and development of the minimum wage, as well as the theoretical approaches of the minimum wage. Furthermore the arguments for and against the minimum wage are summarized. In the practical part the development of the minimum wage in the Czech Republic from 1991 is analyzed and the minimum wage across the EU countries is compared. The last analysis follows minimum wage based on further criteria: unemployment rate and poverty. The results show that during the years, in which the minimum wage increases more than average wage, the unemployment rate in Czech Republic is higher. Moreover, the countries with higher minimum wage have lower in-work-poverty rate.
34
Xu, Jia [Verfasser]. « Integrated research on ageing policy and poverty risk for older people in European welfare states : Integrierte Forschung zu Alterungspolitik und Armutsrisiko für ältere Menschen in den Europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaaten / Jia Xu ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1223620956/34.
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Ioannou-Naoum, Maria. « Theorizing the External Actorness of the European Union in Global Development Governance : The Case of Aid Effectiveness in Post-Cotonou Development Policy ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43197.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European Union (EU) is the world’s leading development donor, playing a pivotal role in shaping development norms. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the EU has been effective in its external aid actorness towards global poverty eradication during the post-Cotonou negotiation period (2000-2020). The theoretical framework of Sjöstedt’s (1977) Actorness Theory is constructed upon the premises of Social Constructivism. To operationalize “actorness”, Brattberg and Rhinard’s (2012) criteria of context, coherence, consistency, and capability are utilized. The research triangulates the methods of Discourse Historical Analysis and Thematic Content Analysis to assess the EU’s nom-setting policy discourse. The analysis suggests that the Union scores highly in the context and capability criteria, as it is recognized as a legitimate development actor and possesses mechanisms to reach aid agreements, while lacks coherence and consistency due to inadequate policy implementation and commitment to McKee et al.’s (2020) Aid Quality Index. The thesis concludes that the EU’s aid effectiveness has decreased due to its actorness being increasingly linked to foreign policy considerations in response to emerging challenges in development cooperation. The research underlines the significance of analysing the empirical linkage between EU’s actorness and effectiveness for the field of International Relations.
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DARKO, PHIDELIA. « EU DEVELOPMENT POLICY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VS. THE NEW SECURITY AGENDA : A CASE STUDY ON GHANA ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23826.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Development issues have been the centre of most international governmental organisations for quite a long time. Most developing countries tend to depend on Western foreign donors to assist them in their developmental ambitions. Ghana as a developing nation also depends on it foreign donors to finance most of it developmental projects. Even though the European Union is an international governmental organisation that is much known for assisting developing countries with their developmental projects it is anticipated that recent occurrence such as the global economic meltdown, climate change coupled with terrorist attacks on most developed nations will limit or perhaps even halt the flow of development aid to developing countries as they might be more concerned with securing their territory rather than thinking of other people somewhere else.This is because such occurrences have resulted in raising a new concern, thus the New Security Agenda or Human Security. The Human Security in respect to its economic sector is what this paper deals with. This paper takes a critical look on Ghana’s Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (GPRS), as pertaining to the aspect of these papers that received developmental aid from the European Development Fund (EDF). It is proved here that almost all aspect of Ghana’s developmental projects in one way or other received funding from the EDF. The New Security Agenda in terms of its economic sector was rather found out to be a positive influence for developing nations like Ghana as a result of the country’s stability. This is because it was found out that rather than limiting the flow of development aid to Ghana, it is during this time that the 10th EDF budget for Ghana received the highest funding. It was later found out that all these developmental projects conforms to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which is also an area of concern in the New Security Agenda. All this occurrences are much more explained along a theoretical framework (thus the notions of liberalism, critical theory and constructivism). However other academic works on the subject matter was also comprehensively acknowledged.
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Sánchez, Castiñeira Sergio. « Las políticas públicas contra la pobreza en la ciudad de Tarragona en el contexto de bienestar familista del sur de Europa. Los servicios sociales básicos y las escuelas infantiles municipales de 0 a 3 años ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665467.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta tesis consiste en un estudio de caso de las políticas municipales contra la pobreza en Tarragona entre los años 2011 y 2016. La tesis analiza las circunstancias, las experiencias y las decisiones de los actores que implementan dos políticas municipales que están llamadas a ser claves en la lucha contra la pobreza: los servicios sociales básicos (asistencia social pública) y las escuelas de primer ciclo infantil (0-3 años). La tesis consta de la presentación y de siete capítulos. El capítulo 1 expone los principios básicos de la teoría institucionalista y desarrolla las herramientas conceptuales de análisis de las políticas contra la pobreza. En la primera parte, se analiza el contexto de bienestar español y del sur de Europa con especial referencia a las políticas de servicios sociales básicos (asistencia social pública) y de educación de 0 a 3 años. Asimismo, se argumenta que las políticas sociales contribuyen activamente a la construcción social de la pobreza porque ofrecen una serie de definiciones sociales y de recursos –determinadas por el marco institucional– que reconstituyen las situaciones iniciales de pobreza que ha producido el contexto económico y sociodemográfico (Saraceno, 2002). Seguidamente, estas políticas se conciben como un locus atravesado por diferentes lógicas institucionales (familismo, profesionalismo, activación y universalismo). Estas influencias institucionales proporcionan los recursos materiales y discursivos para que las profesionales y las familias beneficiarias traduzcan los diseños legales y los reglamentos en acciones concretas sobre el terreno (Brodkin, 2007). El capítulo 2 expone una aproximación multimetodológica, pero prioriza las técnicas interpretativistas para comprender las circunstancias y las motivaciones que configuran la puesta en práctica de las políticas públicas. El capítulo 3 analiza el marco de implementación a través dos parámetros contextuales: el sistema socioeconómico y de bienestar local de Tarragona, y el contexto institucional específico de los servicios sociales básicos y de las escuelas infantiles de primer ciclo municipales en la ciudad. El capítulo 4 se basa en las explicaciones que realizan las profesionales de los servicios sociales básicos (asistencia social pública) y se estructura en tres partes: el contexto institucional de intervención, el proceso readaptación social que los servicios sociales tratan de desarrollar con los usuarios de “nueva pobreza” y la polifacética gestión del riesgo que estos servicios intentan desplegar con las familias que padecen múltiples dificultades o que están en situación de marginación. El capítulo 5 estudia cómo las expectativas que tiene la Unión Europea sobre el papel de la educación de primer ciclo infantil en garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades se traducen a la realidad concreta de Tarragona. Más concretamente, se analizan las perspectivas de las profesionales de las propias escuelas y también de los servicios sociales básicos sobre cómo la escuelas de 0 a 3 años municipales de Tarragona actúan (o no) con las familias empobrecidas. El capítulo 6 analiza las circunstancias y experiencias de las familias con hijos usuarias de los servicios sociales y las escuelas infantiles. Más concretamente, trata de comprender las perspectivas de estas familias sobre estas políticas municipales. Finalmente, el capítulo 7 de conclusiones expone los principales aspectos que esta tesis ha identificado sobre el funcionamiento de las políticas municipales contra la pobreza en Tarragona. Asimismo, se desarrollan algunas recomendaciones con relación a nuevas iniciativas institucionales contra la pobreza. Por último, se argumenta la importancia de realizar nuevos análisis de los sistemas locales de bienestar.
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AKTI, Serkan. « NATO-Russian relation status and prospectives ». Thesis, Monterey, California, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1326.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has attributed great importance to the development of cooperation with Russia. This thesis, first, evaluates the main developments in NATO - Russian relations since 1991. Although Moscow and the Alliance established a NATO - Russia Council (NRC) and asserted the initiation of a qualitatively new relationship, Russia still needs to fulfill some requirements for catching up the Western standards. Russia's external relations and political, economic and security factors internal to Russia will determine the future of the relationship. This thesis examines Russia's political development and transformation of its economic system, and establishes the problems in its political and economic systems. It also examines Russia's problematic external relations in the region, and their impact on the NATO - Russian relationship. It looks into Russia's National Security Concept, explores regional conflicts such as Chechnya and Georgia, and the U.S. - NATO presence in Central Asia. Then, it examines the oil and natural gas transportation problems created by the Russian monopoly, and evaluates Russian technology transfers to Iran, particularly in the nuclear sector. Consequently, it evaluates the internal and external interactions mentioned above and offers conclusions about the prospects for security and stability in Europe.
Lieutenant, Turkish Navy
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Prata, Inês Faustino. « Coerência das políticas : o desafio do desenvolvimento ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3747.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalPara a prossecução dos Objectivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio (ODM), que se assumem como o maior desafio global da cooperação do século XXI, é imprescindível ter em conta todo o conjunto de políticas nacionais e internacionais com impactos nos países em desenvolvimento, no sentido de estruturar eficaz e eficientemente as políticas de cooperação e desenvolvimento. Particularmente, muitas são as contradições que se verificam na definição e execução das políticas europeias que produzem impactos negativos nesses países, representando elevados custos económicos para os mesmos e para os próprios doadores e respectivos contribuintes. Neste sentido, o conceito de Coerência das Políticas para o Desenvolvimento (CPD) surge como um instrumento de alinhamento das políticas de diversas áreas com os objectivos de Desenvolvimento, contribuindo para a erradicação da pobreza e a promoção da eficácia da Ajuda. O Projecto Enhancing Policy Coherence: Making Development Work Better, em Portugal, Coerência.pt - O Desafio do Desenvolvimento, executado pelo Instituto Marquês de Valle Flôr (IMVF), visa exactamente promover a CPD através da sensibilização, monitorização e mobilização dos decisores políticos, funcionários públicos, ONGD e da opinião pública em geral.
In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which are the main international challenge of development cooperation for the 21st century, it is crucial to take into account the group of national and international policies with impacts on the developing countries, in order to structure effectively and efficiently the development and cooperation policies. Particularly, there are plenty of contradictions regarding European policies with negative impacts for the developing countries and economic costs for those and for the donors themselves. In that sense, the concept of Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) emerged as an instrument of alignment between the policies of different areas with the development aims, contributing to the eradication of poverty and to the promotion of aid effectiveness. The Project Enhancing Policy Coherence: Making Development Work Better, in Portugal, Coerência.pt - O Desafio do Desenvolvimento, carried out by Instituto Marquês de Valle Flôr (IMVF), aims exactly to promote PCD through the awareness, monitoring and mobilization of policy makers, civil servants, NGOD and general public opinion.
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TOMASZEWSKI, Wojciech. « Multidimensional poverty and social exclusion in Europe : a cross-national perspective ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13299.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence Date: 2 October 2009Examining Board: Jaap Dronkers (EUI) (Supervisor); Martin Kohli (EUI); Christopher Whealan (University College Dublin); Krzysztof Zagorski (Kozminski University)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The main scope of this dissertation is the analysis of multidimensional poverty and social exclusion in Europe from a cross-national perspective. The multidimensional approach means that in addition to income, other more direct indicators of livingstandard deprivation are taken into account. Using empirical data from the European Community Household Panel and European Social Survey, the thesis explores crosscountry differences in the patterns of poverty and social exclusion and explains them in terms of the characteristics of societies and welfare systems. The research also explores the interrelations between various aspects of disadvantage and identifies its most severe forms. A number of more specific research questions are also addressed in three empirical chapters of the dissertation. The first of these chapters investigates the cross-national differences in the risk of multidimensional poverty among low skilled workers and the unemployed, as well as the level of protection against poverty offered by different patterns of labour participation within households (dual earner, single earner, and so-called one-and-a half-earner models). It finds that more redistributive countries, and those spending more on social protection, perform better in terms of lowering the risk of poverty among people with relatively vulnerable positions in the labour market, even when controlling for the size of economy. The second investigates the cross-national differences in the circumstances of certain groups particularly at risk of poverty: older people, single parents, large families and people with poor health. The evidence suggests that welfare regimes differ in their ability to protect these risk groups from multidimensional poverty, and that their performance depends on the type of risk represented by specific category. Countries of social-democratic and conservative regime types are found to offer good protection for those affected by labour market-related risks, but they perform relatively poorly in the case of more individualized, biography-related risks. The last empirical chapter shifts the focus from poverty to social exclusion by investigating the relationships between lack of resources, poor social participation and dissatisfaction with life, the focus again being on cross-national differences in the revealed patterns. The results demonstrate that the poor are relatively more likely to be socially detached and dissatisfied with life in more affluent societies. Also, lack of social participation is found to have an effect on dissatisfaction with life independent from poverty, and the effect is found to be stronger in more prosperous countries. Overall, the research demonstrates a substantial variation in the prevalence and the patterns of multidimensional poverty across Europe, with Southern-European countries having the highest rates and the Nordic countries and The Netherlands performing best. However, the research also provides evidence for a greater polarization between the poor and the non-poor in the countries where the incidence of poverty is less frequent. It is suggested that these greater contrasts may stem from different patterns of selection into the category of poor operating in those more affluent countries.
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MOISIO, Pasi. « Poverty dynamics according to direct, indirect and subjective measures : modelling Markovian processes in a discrete time and space with error ». Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5286.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 4 June 2004Examining board: Prof. Richard Breen, Nuffield College, Oxford (supervisor) ; Prof. Jaap Dronkers, European University Institute ; Prof. Markus Jäntti, Åbo Akademi, Turku ; Prof. Christopher Whelan, ESRI, Dublin
First made available online 2 August 2018
A debate is going on about how transitory poverty really is in affluent welfare states. Research findings indicate that usually poverty spells are of a relatively short duration. On the other hand, studies have also shown that poverty is very persistent among a specific part of the population. This study tries to find an explanation for these two seemingly contradictory findings. Modelling panel data from ten EU countries with measurement models, this study is able to reveal that the classical Mover-Stayer model can explain the dynamics of poverty and that, if measurement error is ignored, the mobility in poverty and deprivation transition tables is over-estimated. The mover group and the measurement error explain why there are two seemingly conflicting pictures of poverty dynamics. The financial poverty, housing deprivation and subjective deprivation indicators from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) were used in four repeated measurements. The descriptive analysis revealed that the population is heterogeneous when relating to poverty dynamics and that the dynamics are similar across the countries and across the direct, indirect and subjective indicators. With the time-heterogeneous partially Latent Mover-Stayer model, we were able to identify these groups: the first group are stayers in poverty, the second are stayers not in poverty and the third group are the movers. With different poverty classifications in different countries, we have different fractions o f population classified into these three groups, but the groups o f stayers and movers are identified in every transition table. The preliminary finding on common poverty dynamics were confirmed with the Latent Constant Fluidity model, which was fitted into the layered transition tables. The three poverty measures in the ten countries have very similar poverty transition probabilities, especially when random error is corrected to, as the error operates at different levels between countries and indicators. Three main conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, there is high poverty mobility but poverty spells seem to concentrate to the same group of people. Second, poverty mobility is over-estimated in panel data if the random error is ignored. Third, poverty dynamics, both the absolute mobility as well as transition probabilities, seem to have a striking affinity across countries and indicators, despite the large differences in the cross-sectional poverty and deprivation rates. We studied only three classifications in ten EU countries, but we can expect that other poverty and deprivation classifications would lead us similar conclusions about poverty dynamics if turned into longitudinal measures.
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Rebelo, Telma Maria Alves. « Globalização, Pobreza e Desigualdade ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este trabalho de pesquisa incidiu sobre a temática da Pobreza e Desigualdade na era da
Globalização. Ao longo da história o conceito de pobreza tem-se alterado, tornando-se
hoje mais do que a simples falta de necessidades básicas, mas também a ausência de
necessidades não-materiais para viver uma vida digna. Os efeitos do fenómeno da
globalização na pobreza e na desigualdade são complexos e difusos, com resultados
desiguais de região para região, e por este motivo, existem diferentes perspetivas
ideológicas em torno do seu debate. Nas recentes décadas têm havido um esforço por
parte da comunidade internacional em combater e reduzir o fenómeno da pobreza em
todo mundo. Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio e os Objetivos de
Desenvolvimento Sustentável constituem marcos importantes na história da luta contra
a pobreza no séc. XXI. Embora com resultados positivos e muitos objetivos alcançados,
ainda existem várias metas por alcançar até ao ano de 2030. Também a nível Europeu
se tem feito um esforço para combater a pobreza e a desigualdade. Organizações como
a EAPN têm tido um papel importante para a consciencialização e combate à pobreza e
exclusão social, quer a nível europeu quer a nível nacionalThis research work focused on the theme of Poverty and Inequality in the era of Globalization. Throughout history the concept of poverty has changed, becoming today more than the simple lack of basic needs, but also the absence of non-material needs to live a dignified life. The effects of globalization on poverty and inequality are complex and diffuse, with uneven results from region to region, and as a result, it has produced different ideological perspectives around its debate. In recent decades there has been an effort by the international community to tackle and reduce the phenomenon of poverty worldwide. The Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals are important marks in the history of fight against poverty in the 21st century. Although with positive results and many achieved goals, there are still several goals to achieve by the year 2030. Also at the European level efforts have been made to fight poverty and inequality. Organizations such as EAPN have played an important role in raising awareness and fight against poverty and social exclusion, not only at European level but also at national level.
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Schnepf, Sylke Viola [Verfasser]. « Gender equality in Central and Eastern Europe : a comparison of labour market attitudes, educational achievement and poverty between east and west / by Sylke Viola Schnepf ». 2005. http://d-nb.info/977183459/34.
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Ferreira, Fátima Catarina Pinto. « O Microcrédito na Europa : estudo do impacto da dinâmica das IMF na captação de público ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/47239.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Monetária Bancária e FinanceiraCada vez mais a pobreza e a exclusão social são uma realidade presente em todo mundo. Muitos dizem que isto acontece dada a desigualdade da distribuição dos investimentos públicos. Foi no sentido de colmatar estes três grandes problemas da sociedade que surgiu o microcrédito. O microcrédito consiste na concessão de um pequeno empréstimo bancário que se destina a pessoas com carência económica, mas que são detentoras de um espirito empreendedor, isto é, que têm uma boa ideia de negócio, mas que dada a sua situação económica não conseguem ter acesso ao crédito bancário tradicional. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a ligação entre a pobreza e o microcrédito no continente Europeu, tentando perceber qual o impacto das IMF na captação de público. De forma a proceder a este estudo, procedemos ao levantamento de variáveis que podem ter influência na captação de público por parte das instituições. Para tal escolhemos um nicho de 11 países do continente europeu sendo que recorremos essencialmente à base de dados do Mix Market. De forma a ter uma visão mais abrangente dos países em estudo, foi efetuada uma breve análise estatística dos países em estudo sendo que utilizamos também variáveis macroeconómicas de forma a perceber a realidade de cada país em estudo. Através do modelo econométrico de dados em painel quisemos testar que variáveis influenciam o desempenho das instituições de microfinanças, as variáveis que concluímos que são estatisticamente significativas são os escritórios, o número de depositantes, os empréstimos, agentes de crédito, ativos e depósitos. Concluímos também que as variáveis dos escritórios e dos agentes de crédito influenciam positivamente a nossa variável dependente – número de mutuários ativos que como tal nos fez concluir que ao conceito de microcrédito também se aplica a lei revista de Say, isto é, se aumentarmos o número de escritórios existentes assim como o número de agentes de crédito consequentemente também irá aumentar a procura da concessão de créditos ao abrigo do programa de microcrédito por parte dos mutuários ativos. Desta forma, ao efetuar um aumento da oferta será possível estimular o microcrédito na Europa que consequentemente poderá aliviar a pobreza e a exclusão social existentes no continente.
Poverty and social exclusion have increasingly become a real issue for more and more people around the world. Many say that this happens due to the inequality of the distribution of public investments. Microcredit has thus emerged in order to rectify these three major problems of society. Microcredit consists in the granting of a small bank loan that is intended for people in a state of economic need who have an entrepreneurial spirit, namely people who have a good business idea but cannot get access to traditional bank credit due to their economic situation. The purpose of the present study is to understand how MFIs attract people through the analysis of the connection between poverty and microcredit in Europe. In order to understand this connection, we have analyzed some variables that may influence the attraction of people by the MFIs. To this end we have chosen a niche of 11 European countries using the Mix Market database. In order to have a more comprehensive view of the countries under study a brief statistical analysis was conducted. Macroeconomic variables were also used to understand the reality of each country. Using an econometric model that analyzes panel data we tested which variables influence the performance of microfinance institutions, in other words, variables that are statistically significant. These variables are: offices, number of depositors, loans, loan officers, assets and deposits. We also concluded that the variables offices and loan officers positively influenced our dependent variable - number of active borrowers. Consequently we reached the conclusion that the law of supply is also applied to the concept of microcredit: if we increase the number of existing offices as well as the number of loan officers, it will also increase the demand for credit granting under the Microcredit program by active borrowers. Therefore, by increasing the supply, it will be possible to stimulate microcredit in Europe and consequently decrease poverty and social exclusion on the continent.
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Dinis, Inês Margarida Henriques. « Combate à pobreza e exclusão social durante a implementação da Estratégia Europa 2020 : Resultados alcançados e desafios para o futuro ». Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20695.
Texte intégralRésumé :
No ano do findar da Estratégia Europa 2020, é importante refletir sobre o que aconteceu desde o fecho do ciclo da Estratégia de Lisboa (2000-2010) até à atual estratégia.
Neste contexto, um dos objetivos é permitir conhecer a evolução das questões sociais na Europa ao longo destes anos e compreender os efeitos da Estratégia Europa 2020, com destaque ao objetivo da pobreza e exclusão social.
Primeiramente, vamos definir em traços gerais, a Europa 2020: a Estratégia de crescimento da UE. Em seguida, explicaremos a estratégia para o período até 2020 a nível nacional, o Portugal 2020. Posteriormente, esclarecemos a importância do combate à pobreza no âmbito da Estratégia Europa 2020 e do Portugal 2020. Seguidamente, faremos a apresentação dos indicadores usados na parte empírica. Depois disso apresentaremos a metodologia e de seguida fazemos uma análise descritiva da situação portuguesa e europeia relativamente ao combate à pobreza e exclusão social. Por fim, fazemos o balanço e recomendações do trabalho.
Com este trabalho de projeto, concluímos que relativamente à UE não se atingiu a meta de reduzir em 20 milhões as pessoas em risco de pobreza e exclusão social até agora, mas em 2017 Portugal atingiu a meta nacional de reduzir em 200 mil as pessoas em risco de pobreza e exclusão social. Contudo é importante ter a noção que dos três indicadores que formam o indicador compósito, a população em risco de pobreza foi o que obteve menos sucesso.In the year of the end of the Europe 2020 Strategy, it is important to reflect on what has happened since the closing of the Lisbon Strategy cycle (2000-2010) to the current strategy. In this context, one of the objectives is to make it possible to know the evolution of social issues in Europe over these years and to understand the effects of the Europe 2020 Strategy, with emphasis on the objective of poverty and social exclusion. Firstly, we will define Europe 2020 in broad terms: the EU Growth Strategy. Next, we will explain the strategy for the period up to 2020 at national level, Portugal 2020. Later, we will clarify the importance of the fight against poverty within the Europe 2020 Strategy and Portugal 2020. Next, we will present the indicators used in the empirical part. After that we will present the methodology and then make a descriptive analysis of the Portuguese and European situation regarding the fight against poverty and social exclusion. Finally, we will take stock and make recommendations. With this project work, we conclude that for the EU the target of reducing people at risk of poverty and social exclusion by 20 million has not been reached so far, but in 2017 Portugal reached the national target of reducing people at risk of poverty and social exclusion by 200 thousand. However, it is important to realize that of the three indicators that make up the composite indicator, the population at risk of poverty was the least successful.
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« Poverty - Environment Nexus : European Union's Dualist Approach ». Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607072/index.pdf.
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Reifferscheid, Daniel Sylvester. « Relatório de estágio - European Anti Poverty Network ». Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75921.
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Reifferscheid, Daniel Sylvester. « Relatório de estágio - European Anti Poverty Network ». Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75921.
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Malheiro, Ana Sofia Simões. « Energy Poverty in the European Union and the Role of Poverty Policies : the particular case of Portugal ». Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124405.
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Malheiro, Ana Sofia Simões. « Energy Poverty in the European Union and the Role of Poverty Policies : the particular case of Portugal ». Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124405.
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