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1
Ferrigni, Nicola, et Marica Spalletta. « I confini materiali e immateriali delle nuove povertà nel territorio di Roma Capitale e gli effetti sui minori ». SICUREZZA E SCIENZE SOCIALI, no 2 (septembre 2022) : 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/siss2022-002017.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'articolo analizza l'impatto multidimensionale della pandemia sul territorio di Roma Capitale, focalizzando in particolare l'attenzione su quei "nuovi poveri", in cima alla cui lista svettano le famiglie con minori. I risultati confermano la crescente esposizione al rischio povertà di questi nuclei familiari, riconoscendo ai minori lo status di "poveri tra i poveri la cui preesistente condizione di fragilità risulta ulteriormente compromessa da una deprivazione tanto economica, quanto immateriale, che investe contemporaneamente la sfera educativa, culturale e relazionale.
2
Striano, Maura, et Gaia Anita Mannini. « Iconografia della fragilità e nuove povertà immateriali ». SICUREZZA E SCIENZE SOCIALI, no 2 (septembre 2022) : 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/siss2022-002013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nel testo sarà presentato un progetto di intervento, vincitore di un bando com-petitivo, che a nostro parere rappresenta una buona pratica di intercettazione dei bisogni e di risposta articolata e partecipata alle fragilità di bambini ed adulti in una pluralità di contesti rappresentativi della realtà italiana. Le azioni realizzate nell'ambito del progetto sono state sottoposte ad un costante monitoraggio che ci ha consentito di mettere a fuoco le diverse forme in cui la fragilità si manifesta e la sua corrispondenza a condizioni di povertà - materiali ed immateriali - partico-larmente accentuate dall'emergenza pandemica, che richiedono di essere intercet-tate in via preventiva affinché si possano dare risposte efficaci in termini occupa-zionali ed educativi.
3
McCormick, Peter. « Engaging Philosophically with Immaterial Poverties ». Eco-ethica 9 (2020) : 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ecoethica202131635.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article focuses on the extremely poor, on those who, if they are to live decent lives, are most in need of assistance. Like those suffering today from extremely severe famine in Yemen and elsewhere, very many of those suffering from extreme poverty will die not only prematurely; probably they will die before the end of the year. They will die if, among many others, thoughtful and resourceful persons including some philosophers continue to fail to engage themselves to assist them. My aim is to underline several of the philosophical elements in some recent discussions of both monetary and non-monetary extreme poverty. With these elements freshly in view, I would then like to examine critically yet constructively the most salient ones from the perspective of a certain understanding of the cardinal notion of ethical engagement. I will conclude with a summary of the main argument and a formulation of several key questions which still need further reflective discussion today.
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Chatterjee, Suparna. « A suitable woman : The coming-of-age of the ‘third world woman’ at the bottom of the pyramid : A critical engagement ». Human Relations 73, no 3 (27 mars 2019) : 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719828445.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While the slogan ‘Make Poverty Business’ has become integral to neoliberal discourses on global poverty management, what often goes unremarked is the role of women, especially poor third world women in profitable poverty ventures. Taking the ‘Bottom of the Pyramid’ (BOP) approach as an entry point, the present article brings into sharpened focus the centrality of poor third world women in the ‘global order of poverty management.’ Drawing on Foucaultian notions of problematization, combined with feminist insights on the stakes involved in instrumentalizing women and their subjectivities, and a Marxist-inspired notion of immaterial labor, the article examines how poor third world women are incorporated into profitable poverty eradication ventures. I argue that the construal of poor third world women as knowable objects of knowledge and entrepreneurial subjects remains at the heart of the BOP programmatic. Where, at one level, poor third world women’s participation lends ethical credence to the BOP projects; at another level, their immaterial labor helps to build ‘economies of affect’ at the bottom of the pyramid. Located at the intersection of neoliberalism and feminism, the article aims to add to the ongoing debates on the uneasy proximity between women’s empowerment and ‘neoliberal reason.’
5
Cruz Reyes, María Angélica, Mary Xóchitl De Luna Bonilla et Vianey Chávez Ayecac. « Economic and social vulnerability because of Covid-19 : poverty and food security ». Mercados Y Negocios, no 45 (1 janvier 2022) : 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi45.7660.g6733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective is to analyze food poverty and the effects in terms of vulnerability because of the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico City from the capability approach. In the analysis stage, centrality, variability, and correlation parameters were used to identify the effects of the health crisis on food poverty. The results corroborate that food poverty is a material and immaterial phenomenon, which impacts the economic, sociocultural, and environmental setting of the individual. The State must design strategies with different stakeholders in society for social and economic recovery, not only because of the implications of the pandemic but also because of the economic inequality among the population.
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Cruz Reyes, María Angélica, Mary Xóchitl De Luna Bonilla et Vianey Chávez Ayecac. « Economic and social vulnerability because of Covid-19 : poverty and food security ». Mercados Y Negocios, no 45 (1 janvier 2022) : 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi45.7660.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective is to analyze food poverty and the effects in terms of vulnerability because of the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico City from the capability approach. In the analysis stage, centrality, variability, and correlation parameters were used to identify the effects of the health crisis on food poverty. The results corroborate that food poverty is a material and immaterial phenomenon, which impacts the economic, sociocultural, and environmental setting of the individual. The State must design strategies with different stakeholders in society for social and economic recovery, not only because of the implications of the pandemic but also because of the economic inequality among the population.
7
Cruz Reyes, María Angélica, Mary Xóchitl De Luna Bonilla et Vianey Chávez Ayecac. « Economic and social vulnerability because of Covid-19 : poverty and food security ». Mercados Y Negocios, no 45 (1 janvier 2022) : 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi45.7660.g6724.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective is to analyze food poverty and the effects in terms of vulnerability because of the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico City from the capability approach. In the analysis stage, centrality, variability, and correlation parameters were used to identify the effects of the health crisis on food poverty. The results corroborate that food poverty is a material and immaterial phenomenon, which impacts the economic, sociocultural, and environmental setting of the individual. The State must design strategies with different stakeholders in society for social and economic recovery, not only because of the implications of the pandemic but also because of the economic inequality among the population.
8
Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi. « Sustainable Agriculture, Food Production and Poverty Lessening in Nigeria ». International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no 1 (28 février 2021) : 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The challenge of persistent poverty and food insecurity in Nigeria has been an issue of concern. The government’s effort to alleviate poverty in Nigeria through agriculture appears ineffective because most poor people are rural dwellers and are coincidentally the farmers. They seem not to be benefiting from the government interventions to support farming due to corruption and other unquantifiable factors. This study investigates the impact of agricultural output and food production on poverty decrease in Nigeria. The data used in this study span from 2009 to 2019. Relevant diagnostic tests and regression analysis are performed to obtain the empirical evidence highlighted in this paper. Thus, the findings reveal that the Food Production Index significantly and positively impacts poverty reduction, while Agricultural Output has an immaterial negative effect on poverty decrease. The study concludes that poverty alleviation in Nigeria and food security will depend on government’s full involvement in agriculture and improvement on its agricultural budget. Accordingly, the provision of necessary facilities to boost agriculture have been recommended. The facilities include modern farming equipment, sufficient power supply, credit facility, storage facility, and large markets.
9
Gumowska-Grochot, Ilona. « The Polish bieda (poverty) from the perspective of etymology and historical linguistics ». Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury 32 (20 décembre 2020) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/et.2020.32.51.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the Polish concept of bieda (poverty) from the perspective of etymology and historical linguistics. A diachronic analysis provides access to the evolution of the concept. The article references the major findings relating to the role of etymology in semantic research, especially in reconstructing the linguistic view of concepts within the framework of cognitive ethnolinguistics. The analytical part deals with data from etymological dictionaries, earlier stages in the history of Polish, and rural dialects. The analysis itself is concerned with two forms of the lexeme on hand: bieda ‘poverty, misery, misfortune’ and biada ‘woe’, which have undergone sibstitution. The semantic development of the concept progressed in three stages and involved the following senses: (1) ‘compulsion, necessity’; (2) ‘misfortune, misery, suffering’; and (3) ‘poverty’. The material-cum-immaterial nature of bieda reflects its etymological meaning and historical development, in which the subsequent senses did not give way to still others but incorporated them. The semantic development of bieda shows that the structure of the concept embraces two aspects: material and psycho-social. The semantic components that one can identify in the complex structure of that concept include above all: a material want and the need that accompanies that want; misfortune, hardship, and trouble; strife; danger of punishment; low value, quality, or number of something; low value of someone; that which is ominous or dangerous. Bieda can easily extend its meaning metaphorically, which is most clearly visible in dialects. As a euphemism, it helps avoid words subjected to linguistic taboo.
10
Kunze, Oliver, et Florian Schlatterer. « The Edgeworth Cube ». International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 7, no 2 (avril 2018) : 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2018040103.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social peace is an asset to every society. Its absence endangers the well-being and the safety of the population and the stability of states. In order to better understand the interdependencies of poverty, social peace and migration pressure the authors introduce the model of the “Edgeworth-Cube” which is an extension of the classical Edgeworth Box model by one dimension. This new dimension can either be interpreted as “aggression” (which reduces “social peace” for others) or as “migration pressure” (which results from a worldwide heterogeneous distribution of wealth), and this new dimension is modelled as a non-budget-constrained unilateral immaterial good. The “Edgeworth-Cube” also differentiates vital (essential) goods from normal (non-essential) goods. By focusing on extremely imbalanced endowments and by formal mathematical modeling the authors show in their approach that applying behavioral pressure (i.e. aggression or migration pressure) has an existential economic value for the poor on the one hand. On the other hand, the authors show that transfer payments have a systemically limited potential to keep aggression and migration pressure at bay.
11
Lakatos Iancu, Marius. « Identitatea rromilor. Patrimoniul cultural material și imaterial al etniei rrome ». Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 34 (20 décembre 2020) : 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2020.34.21.
Texte intégralRésumé :
"The material and immaterial cultural patrimony of Rroma ethnicity This study aims to address a series of cultural values representative of the Rroma from the perspective of traditional trades, inherited or practiced and which define their ethnic identity. It is too unlikely to know exactly who and what the Rroma were due to the lack of sources and moreover, written studies about this ethnic group were based more on elements related to folklore or legends. Starting from the premise that, from a historical and conceptual point of view, the Rroma people have not yet defined themselves as identity anymore, for a long time the monopoly on the definition of Rroma belonged to the majority, the study aims to illustrate those cultural elements in within the community that were and are still in the contemporary period a landmark of unconditional self-definition of the Rroma. The indicators to which we refer as individuals in those situations in which we are exposed to name and qualify a group, are not only those of certified historical nature through writings, they are also established in the context of how the group expresses its material cultural heritage and immaterial that it represents. Although this concept promotes the need to know the identity of groups, the Rroma ethnic group has difficulties in terms of the identity culture displayed and the way it is perceived by society. The Rroma minority, indeed, encounters difficulties from a socio-economic point of view, the vast majority of society referring to this deficit in the situations of labeling and defining the Rroma identity. However, the Rroma ethnicity can also be defined on the basis of specific values attested by ethnicity, cultural values such as trades, crafts and customs, dress, spoken language and human values such as unity, solidarity, trust and faith. Thus, the study itself aims to illustrate those unknown or less known elements about the Rroma, exposing those cultural-traditional values that have the role of defining the identity of the Rroma not according to the socio-educational level (misery, poverty, deprived people of scruples, minority, etc.) but depending on the way in which the Rroma, both at individual and group level, relate to values of heritage elements when they define themselves. (trades practiced, Rroma peoples, elements specific to Rroma peoples) The aim of the study will most likely generate results in terms of reducing unfounded perceptions about Rroma tradition and identity and at the same time combating prejudices against this ethnic minority. Keywords: culture, Rroma, Rroma nations, identity, craftsmen "
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Dr. Shujaat Hussain. « Surge Ahead or Perish in Humiliation ». Creative Launcher 5, no 2 (30 juin 2020) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.2.01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The first scientist and bachelor of India became the 11th President of the largest democratic multi-cultural country whose full name contains 31 letters and five words –Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. During his tenure he was popularly called People’s President. Everybody wishes to know his realm of achievements in the field of scientific world –space, defense and nuclear. He made significant contribution in the indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV-III) which successfully injected the Rohini satellite in the near earth orbit in July 1980 and made India an exclusive member of Space Club, will it transform future of India? Mother India’s aspiration accomplished when a star twinkles in the temple town, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu on October 15, 1931. This is the glittering star that the world sees on the forehead of the Mother. She feels pride in wearing this star on her forehead. His deed has brought honour to his Mother. Dr. Kalam could do with his Mother’s blessings. He says that surge ahead as a developed nation or perish in perpetual perplexity of poverty, hunger and humiliation. His idea is all about breaking away from the forces that would prefer us to remain a nation of a billion people selling cheap labour and raw materials and providing a large market for goods and services of other nations. We have all the resources we need such as man power, talent, natural bounty or other assets. India is truly and naturally blessed with means to flourish. No reason is left to face poverty, hunger and humiliation. Sometimes it puzzles Dr. Kalam: “Who am I to write about this capacity of India to realize its destiny a developed nation?” A gifted son packed with inspirational spirit for the betterment of India, devoted scientist who has heightened the peak of the glory, missile man who has laid the foundation of the visionary roadmap to build India a developed country by 2020. He lives in every heart and soul of the budding minds who are to be an ingredient of the mighty and prosper India. O my dear Bharat Ratna! The entire nation salutes your indubitable integrity, sincerity, humility, magnanimity, and virtuosity. It is immaterial if you have acquired nothing, built nothing, and possessed nothing –no family, sons, and daughters. Look at India. It is, by far, yours. One billion people belong to your family. Young boys and girls are your sons and daughters. You have already attained fatherly figure.
13
Saab, Thiago Bueno. « A Pobreza e o Currículo : Permanências e Ausências nos Documentos Oficiais de Geografia ». Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 19, no 3 (30 novembre 2018) : 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2018v19n3p371-378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O presente artigo visa realizar uma análise sobre os documentos oficiais (PCN; DCN; e o Caderno de Expectativas) de Geografia visando compreensão de como estes abordam a produção histórica da pobreza e se as vivências dos coletivos pauperizados estão inseridas nos referidos documentos. Assim, evidencia-se o intuito de responder o seguinte questionamento: como o currículo formal da disciplina de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental II abrange as vivências da pobreza e de que forma possibilita ou não a compreensão da produção histórica dessa. A metodologia que alicerçou esta pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa e tem como suporte teórico bibliografias, cujo vínculo principal se refira à temática de análise. Não obstante, lançou-se mão de uma análise documental dos currículos da disciplina de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental II (PCN - 1998, e DCN – 2013, e os Cadernos de Expectativas de Aprendizagem do Paraná - 2012). Como resultado, percebeu-se que não há nos documentos oficiais analisados qualquer debate sobre as raízes da pobreza, bem como não há a inserção das vivências materiais e imateriais dos coletivos pauperizados. Também faz parte dos resultados, um quadro síntese que possui as principais dimensões analisadas nesta investigação, o qual ratifica a inexistência da inserção da vivência dos grupos supracitados.Palavras-chave: Pobreza. Currículo. Documentos Oficiais de Geografia.AbstractThe objective of the present article is to carry out an analysis of the following Geography teaching official documents: the PCNs, the DCNs and the Learning Expectations Handbook, to understand how they deal with the poverty production history and whether the experiences of the impoverished are included in the referred documents. Thus, it tries to answer the following question: How does the formal Basic Education II Geography curriculum encompass the experiences of the impoverished and does it provide an understanding of this historical production? The methodology adopted is qualitative with the theoretical support of the literature regarding the analysis theme, including a documental analysis of the following Basic Education II Geography curricula: the PCN´s of 1998, and the DCN´s of 2013, and the Learning Expectations Handbook for the State of Paraná). Results showed that there is no debate on the roots of poverty as well as the inclusion of any material or immaterial experiences of impoverished groups in the official documents analyzed. In addition, a chart synthesis is a part of the results that has the main dimensions analyzed in this investigation, which confirms the lack of the insertion of the experience of these groups mentioned above.Keywords: Impoverished Groups. Curriculum Analysis. Geography Teaching
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Aceituno Silva, David, et Damaris Natalia Collao Donoso. « Estética de lo popular en el cine de Joris Ivens y Aldo Francia. Resignificar la memoria y patrimonio de Valparaíso ». Cartaphilus. Revista de investigación y crítica estética 17 (11 janvier 2020) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cartaphilus.362221.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la mirada estética de dos grandes cineastas de los años ‘60 y ’70, cuyo trabajo rupturista marcó una época de controversia en Chile. Joris Ivens, pionero de cine realidad, y Aldo Francia, padre del nuevo cine chileno, a través de su obras “A Valparaíso” y “Valparaíso mi amor”, respectivamente, muestran una ciudad poco conocida y valorada por su configuración popular. A través de un análisis histórico del lenguaje fílmico buscamos comprender los lentes de estos cineastas para así reflexionar sobre un patrimonio material e inmaterial de la ciudad de Valparaíso que se crea y recrea entre sus calles, cerros, escaleras y pobreza, más allá de lo conocido y valorado históricamente. La mirada a lo popular, a la gente de a pie, a quienes con esfuerzo y lucha lograron sortear la geografía del puerto, permite cuestionar los patrones y escalas estéticas conocidos. Analizaremos en estas líneas la puesta en valor de la verdadera riqueza patrimonial de Valparaíso -ciudad declarada el año 2003 Patrimonio Mundial de la humanidad-, la que a través de la experiencia fílmica de estos artistas se dejará conocer para consolidar la memoria de una ciudad que se desconoce a si misma. This article aims to analyse the aesthetic gaze of two great filmmakers of the years ' 60 and ' 70, whose groundbreaking work marked a time of controversy in Chile. Joris Ivens, pioneer of cinema reality, and Aldo Francia, father of the new Chilean cinema, through his works "to Valparaiso" and "Valparaiso mi Amor", respectively, show a city little known and valued by its popular configuration. Through a historical analysis of the film language we seek to understand the lenses of these filmmakers in order to reflect on a material and immaterial heritage of the city of Valparaiso that is created and recreates between its streets, hills, stairs and poverty, beyond Historically known and valued. The view to the popular, to the people of walking, who with effort and struggle managed to circumvent the geography of the port, allows to question the patterns and aesthetic scales known. We will analyze in these lines the value of the true patrimonial richness of Valparaiso-City declared the year 2003 World Heritage of Humanity, which through the film experience of these artists is left to know to consolidate the memory of A city that doesn't know itself.
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Zagorsky, Jay L. « Measuring Poverty Using Both Income and Wealth ». Journal of Income Distribution®, 1 janvier 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1874-6322.1306.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since official U.S. poverty measures are based solely on income, the amount of wealth held by a family is immaterial in determining their poverty status. This research expands the poverty definition to encompass a family’s total financial resources. While most income-poor families have little or no wealth, approximately one-third have significant holdings. Using total financial resources both lowers average U.S. poverty rates over selected years from 15.2% of all families to a range between 8.8% and 11.3% and provides a measurement tool for tracking the effects of government wealth-building programs on families under the poverty line.
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Hendar, Jejen. « Pelaksanaan Pertanggungjawaban Sosial Perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility) PT. Sari Husada Cabang Yogyakarta Terhadap Lingkungan Sosial ». Supremasi Hukum : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum 2, no 2 (30 novembre 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/sh.v2i2.1938.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Indonesia is the welfare state that promotes the livelihoods of both material and immaterial society as stated in the Undang-undang Dasar of 1945, Section 28H paragraph (1). Various corporate activities bring real impact on both the quality of human life on individual, community, and throughout life. Deforestation, global warming, environmental pollution, poverty, ignorance, disease, life and access to clean water, ongoing until finally came the concept of corporate social responsibility or CSR. UU No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, which every company should pay attention to the surrounding environment or social responsibility through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). PT. Sari Husada as a publicly listed company and is engaged in dairy nutrition based in the city center. Problems that occur if PT. Sari Husada perform CSR should set out in the Company Law. the question is how the company's concern about the environment and how companies impact on the environment
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Barrios, Andrés, Sonia Camacho et Catalina Estrada-Mejia. « From service to social innovation with a service-dominant logic approach ». Journal of Services Marketing, 27 juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-08-2021-0295.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose This paper aims to explore the intersection between service and social innovation, using a service-dominant logic (SDL) ecosystem approach to analyze how service innovations cocreate transformative value for individuals and communities. Design/methodology/approach A case study, with different data sources, is used to understand different innovations in a program that provides financial training to women in poverty in Colombia. Findings In the program’s service ecosystem, actors worked in tandem to develop dialogical service innovations. These service innovations transformed into social innovations, cocreating transformative value at different levels of the service ecosystem, including beneficiaries, families and communities. Research limitations/implications First, this study illustrates how, during service value cocreation experiences, a dialogical innovation path occurs with the simultaneous participation of different service entities. Second, it uses transformative value cocreation to integrate service and social innovations conceptually. Third, it reveals how service innovation cocreates transformative value at different levels of the service ecosystem. Fourth, it shows how technology in its material and immaterial forms, working as an operand and operant role, respectively, facilitates service innovations. Practical implications This study illustrates how a wider service focus including all actors involved, in addition to a holistic view of beneficiaries, can prompt service and social innovations. Originality/value Service and social innovations have been seen as parallel fields. This study uses SDL to integrate these types of innovation processes and outcomes by applying the concept of transformative value.
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Kop, Mauritz. « Abundance and Equality ». Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics 7 (1 décembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.977684.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The technology driven post-scarcity society is upon us. Ubiquitous technologies are eradicating scarcity in many industries. These macroscopic system trends are causing our economy to transition from relative scarcity to relative abundance. For many people in the world however, in both developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries, the notion of an Age of Abundance will sound utterly bizarre. There is a tension between abundance and equality. Good governance considers in what manner the state conducts public policy, manages public resources and promotes overall prosperity. This chapter connects good governance to the end of scarcity and integrates equality into abundance. The chapter critically examines the normative justifications of our scarcity based legal institutions, such as property and intellectual property (IP) systems, in light of 10 exponential, Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, and the post-scarcity economy. Starting point is that absolute and relative abundance are not utopian. Technology will erase scarcity in more and more economic areas in the foreseeable future, but not everywhere or for everybody. The chapter views relative scarcity and relative abundance as temporal socio-economic categories at two opposite sides of a continuum. The chapter unifies good governance with equality and abundance, by introducing a post-Rawlsian Equal Relative Abundance (ERA) principle of distributive justice. This includes defining a set of material and immaterial primary goods, warranting adequate, sufficient levels of relative abundance (which depend on technological evolution), and equitable results per region or group. Crucially, ERA integrates desert-based principles to the degree that some may deserve a higher level of material goods because of inequality in contributions, i.e., their hard work, talent, luck or entrepreneurial spirit, only to the extent that their unequal rewards do also function to improve the position of the least advantaged. A society governed by the ERA principle should in theory be able to solve the poverty trap on a global level. As lifting people from poverty in Europe is a different thing than achieving ERA in the US, applying equal relative abundance techniques in Asia and Africa each have their own specific challenges and dimensions.