Articles de revues sur le sujet « Potential damage assessment »
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Vetrivel, A., D. Duarte, F. Nex, M. Gerke, N. Kerle et G. Vosselman. « POTENTIAL OF MULTI-TEMPORAL OBLIQUE AIRBORNE IMAGERY FOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (6 juin 2016) : 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-355-2016.
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Quick post-disaster actions demand automated, rapid and detailed building damage assessment. Among the available technologies, post-event oblique airborne images have already shown their potential for this task. However, existing methods usually compensate the lack of pre-event information with aprioristic assumptions of building shapes and textures that can lead to uncertainties and misdetections. However, oblique images have been already captured over many cities of the world, and the exploitation of pre- and post-event data as inputs to damage assessment is readily feasible in urban areas. In this paper, we investigate the potential of multi-temporal oblique imagery for detailed damage assessment focusing on two methodologies: the first method aims at detecting severe structural damages related to geometrical deformation by combining the complementary information provided by photogrammetric point clouds and oblique images. The developed method detected 87% of damaged elements. The failed detections are due to varying noise levels within the point cloud which hindered the recognition of some structural elements. We observed, in general that the façade regions are very noisy in point clouds. To address this, we propose our second method which aims to detect damages to building façades using the oriented oblique images. The results show that the proposed methodology can effectively differentiate among the three proposed categories: collapsed/highly damaged, lower levels of damage and undamaged buildings, using a computationally light-weight approach. We describe the implementations of the above mentioned methods in detail and present the promising results achieved using multi-temporal oblique imagery over the city of L’Aquila (Italy).
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Vetrivel, A., D. Duarte, F. Nex, M. Gerke, N. Kerle et G. Vosselman. « POTENTIAL OF MULTI-TEMPORAL OBLIQUE AIRBORNE IMAGERY FOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (6 juin 2016) : 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-355-2016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Quick post-disaster actions demand automated, rapid and detailed building damage assessment. Among the available technologies, post-event oblique airborne images have already shown their potential for this task. However, existing methods usually compensate the lack of pre-event information with aprioristic assumptions of building shapes and textures that can lead to uncertainties and misdetections. However, oblique images have been already captured over many cities of the world, and the exploitation of pre- and post-event data as inputs to damage assessment is readily feasible in urban areas. In this paper, we investigate the potential of multi-temporal oblique imagery for detailed damage assessment focusing on two methodologies: the first method aims at detecting severe structural damages related to geometrical deformation by combining the complementary information provided by photogrammetric point clouds and oblique images. The developed method detected 87% of damaged elements. The failed detections are due to varying noise levels within the point cloud which hindered the recognition of some structural elements. We observed, in general that the façade regions are very noisy in point clouds. To address this, we propose our second method which aims to detect damages to building façades using the oriented oblique images. The results show that the proposed methodology can effectively differentiate among the three proposed categories: collapsed/highly damaged, lower levels of damage and undamaged buildings, using a computationally light-weight approach. We describe the implementations of the above mentioned methods in detail and present the promising results achieved using multi-temporal oblique imagery over the city of L’Aquila (Italy).
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Kim, Soo-jin, Seung-jong Bae, Seong-pil Kim et Yeon-Joung Bae. « Assessment of Potential Flood Damage Considering Regional Flood Damage Cycle ». Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 57, no 4 (30 juillet 2015) : 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2015.57.4.143.
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Namazi, Eshagh, et Hisham Mohamad. « Potential damage assessment in buildings undergoing tilt ». Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 166, no 4 (août 2013) : 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geng.10.00132.
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Namazi, Eshagh, Hisham Mohamad et Benoit D. Jones. « Discussion : Potential damage assessment in buildings undergoing tilt ». Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 167, no 6 (décembre 2014) : 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geng.14.00020.
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CHAUDHARI, U. M. « Quick Assessment of Damage Potential Using Photoelastic Data ». Experimental Techniques 9, no 10 (octobre 1985) : 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1985.tb01975.x.
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Nepal, Madhav Prasad, Carol Hon, Jinwoo (Brian) Lee et Ziru Xiang. « Towards an Integrated Approach to Infrastructure Damage Assessment in the Aftermath of Natural Hazards ». Buildings 11, no 10 (1 octobre 2021) : 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100450.
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The world has witnessed an alarmingly increasing number of serious natural hazards. In the aftermath of a hazard, relevant authorities/agencies face, among others, the challenging tasks of rapidly evaluating and assessing the damages to infrastructures and restoring their essential functionality and operation. The availability of reliable, high-quality structural and operational/maintenance data of a structure and its health, before and after a natural hazard, can be instrumental in the rapid assessment of a damaged structure. We collectively refer, in this paper, to the existing as-built and facility operational information about a structure or an infrastructure asset represented respectively in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Infrastructure Asset Management (IAM) systems as Product Lifecycle Data (PLD). Arguably, PLD combined with other post-hazard condition assessment data can provide a more reliable and integrated solution for a rapid damage assessment of buildings and other critical infrastructures. Unfortunately, the application of PLD in this critical area has been unexplored in the literature, and the mapping between PLD and damage assessment methods is loosely investigated. In an effort to address this research gap, this paper provides a critical analysis of the most common structural damage assessment methods and explores the potential of combining them with PLD to provide more reliable, comprehensive, and integrated solution for damage assessment. Findings from this study could be useful for practitioners in selecting the most appropriate and effective methods to conduct damage and safety assessments of critical infrastructures. The study will also assist the further theoretical developments in the integration of PLD with different damage assessment methods.
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Guida, L., P. Boccardo, I. Donevski, L. Lo Schiavo, M. E. Molinari, A. Monti-Guarnieri, D. Oxoli et M. A. Brovelli. « POST-DISASTER DAMAGE ASSESSMENT THROUGH COHERENT CHANGE DETECTION ON SAR IMAGERY ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (30 avril 2018) : 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-431-2018.
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Damage assessment is a fundamental step to support emergency response and recovery activities in a post-earthquake scenario. In recent years, UAVs and satellite optical imagery was applied to assess major structural damages before technicians could reach the areas affected by the earthquake. However, bad weather conditions may harm the quality of these optical assessments, thus limiting the practical applicability of these techniques. In this paper, the application of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is investigated and a novel approach to SAR-based damage assessment is presented. Coherent Change Detection (CCD) algorithms on multiple interferometrically pre-processed SAR images of the area affected by the seismic event are exploited to automatically detect potential damages to buildings and other physical structures. As a case study, the 2016 Central Italy earthquake involving the cities of Amatrice and Accumoli was selected. The main contribution of the research outlined above is the integration of a complex process, requiring the coordination of a variety of methods and tools, into a unitary framework, which allows end-to-end application of the approach from SAR data pre-processing to result visualization in a Geographic Information System (GIS). A prototype of this pipeline was implemented, and the outcomes of this methodology were validated through an extended comparison with traditional damage assessment maps, created through photo-interpretation of high resolution aerial imagery. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is able to perform damage detection with a good level of accuracy, as most of the detected points of change are concentrated around highly damaged buildings.
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Aimaiti, Yusupujiang, Christina Sanon, Magaly Koch, Laurie G. Baise et Babak Moaveni. « War Related Building Damage Assessment in Kyiv, Ukraine, Using Sentinel-1 Radar and Sentinel-2 Optical Images ». Remote Sensing 14, no 24 (9 décembre 2022) : 6239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246239.
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Natural and anthropogenic disasters can cause significant damage to urban infrastructure, landscape, and loss of human life. Satellite based remote sensing plays a key role in rapid damage assessment, post-disaster reconnaissance and recovery. In this study, we aim to assess the performance of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for building damage assessment in Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine, due to the ongoing war with Russia. For damage assessment, we employ a simple and robust SAR log ratio of intensity for the Sentinel-1, and a texture analysis for the Sentinel-2. To suppress changes from other features and landcover types not related to urban areas, we construct a mask of the built-up area using the OpenStreetMap building footprints and World Settlement Footprint (WSF), respectively. As it is difficult to get ground truth data in the ongoing war zone, a qualitative accuracy assessment with the very high-resolution optical images and a quantitative assessment with the United Nations Satellite Center (UNOSAT) damage assessment map was conducted. The results indicated that the damaged buildings are mainly concentrated in the northwestern part of the study area, wherein Irpin, and the neighboring towns of Bucha and Hostomel are located. The detected building damages show a good match with the reference WorldView images. Compared with the damage assessment map by UNOSAT, 58% of the damaged buildings were correctly classified. The results of this study highlight the potential offered by publicly available medium resolution satellite imagery for rapid mapping damage to provide initial reference data immediately after a disaster.
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Welch, David P., Timothy J. Sullivan et Andre Filiatrault. « Potential of Building Information Modelling for seismic risk mitigation in buildings ». Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 47, no 4 (31 décembre 2014) : 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.47.4.253-263.
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The seismic assessment of an existing building is often required, possibly due to a change in use, changes in legislation (as recently occurred in New Zealand), for insurance purposes or to permit continued occupancy following a major earthquake. This discussion paper explores three ways in which Building Information Modelling (BIM) could assist in the assessment and mitigation of seismic risk: (i) BIM could provide valuable data on characteristics of both structural and non-structural elements within a building to permit a reliable and holistic seismic risk assessment to be undertaken; (ii) administer a self-diagnosis process utilising damage information received from structural health monitoring technologies prior to and following an earthquake, thus reducing the need for potentially dangerous and time-consuming physical post-earthquake inspections; and (iii) enabling realisation of an emergency management hub within a building management system for implementing control processes to monitor and eventually shutdown damaged mechanical services (e.g. gas pipes) following an earthquake, thus limiting the negative consequences of earthquake induced damage. By providing a leading-edge discussion of these three subjects, with reference to building damage observed in previous earthquakes, important directions for research in BIM are identified that promise to provide a more effective means of seismic risk assessment and mitigation.
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Brenner, Claire, Claude Meisch, Benjamin Apperl et Karsten Schulz. « Towards periodic and time-referenced flood risk assessment using airborne remote sensing ». Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, no 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0034.
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Abstract Flood risk management is founded on the regular assessment of damage potential. A significant parameter for assessing damage potential is the number of at-risk objects. However, data sets on exposure are often incomplete and/or lack time-references. Airborne remote sensing data, such as orthophotos, offers a regularly-updated, time-referenced depiction of land use. As such, remote sensing data compensates for incomplete data sources (such as digital cadastral maps). Orthophotos can even be used to analyze the temporal dynamics of flood damage potential, providing that time-referenced information is available for multiple time points. This paper describes a method for integrating orthophotos into flood risk analyses. In Austria, orthophotos are updated every three years, allowing their integration into cyclical flood risk assessments. The results of a case study presented in this paper demonstrate that orthophotos are most useful where other data sources, such as digital cadastral maps, are incomplete. In such situations, orthophotos lead to a significant increase in estimated damage potential. Orthophoto analysis allows damage potentials to be re-assessed at regular intervals, another major advantage over digital cadastral maps. Orthophoto analysis thus supports the evaluation of flood risk management options.
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ALVANDI, A., J. BASTIEN, E. GRÉGOIRE et M. JOLIN. « BRIDGE INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT BY CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORMS ». International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 09, no 01 (mars 2009) : 11–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455409002874.
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The potential of continuous wavelet transforms for damage assessment of existing bridges is investigated herein. Different types of continuous wavelet transforms have been under investigation and the most effective ones have been introduced in a toolbox to automate the damage assessment procedure. In this paper, the performance of the wavelet approach and the influence of different parameters in the damage assessment procedures are studied through two examples: a simply supported beam and a three-span concrete bridge. Applying the wavelet transforms to a structure's static and/or dynamic response showed promising results with regard to localization of structural modification or damage. This paper underlines the high sensitivity of the wavelet analysis to damage intensity and its ability to be applied directly to the damaged data. These key characteristics could lead to this approach becoming one of the best for structural health monitoring of existing bridges in the near future.
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Novikova, I. I., Yu V. Erofeev, A. V. Denisov et Inna V. Myl’nikova. « METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DAMAGE TO SCHOOLCHILDREN’S HEALTH ». Hygiene and sanitation 98, no 10 (15 octobre 2019) : 1124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-10-1124-1128.
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Introduction. Aim - improvement of methodological approaches to the assessment of potential damages to schoolchildren’s health. Materials and methods. There were surveyed 523 schoolchildren of educational institutions of the Tula region. Children are divided into three groups with pronounced, moderate and optimal intensity factors of the school environment. For assessing the damage to health, morbidity indices of negotiability, data of preventive medical examinations, characteristics of physical development were used. Results. Objects with an average and significant level of the potential risk of harm to health prevail among the children’s organizations in the country. The class of danger, the severity of the consequences for the health of the population exposed are the basis of the existing risk-oriented model of state control. An innovative approach to the hygienic assessment of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, taking into account the influence of a complex of factors of the intraschool environment, critical age periods of maturation of the child’s body, risks to children’s health, is proposed. In the examined children, violations of posture and vision, diseases of the nervous system, alimentary-dependent diseases, etc. were established to prevail. The greatest potential risk to health is caused by the influence of factors of the educational environment and the educational process, lifestyle. Conclusion. The use of the proposed methodological approach will allow solving complex tasks in the environment-health system: to identify the leading health problems and potential risk factors; the formation of risk-oriented programs for the health of children and adolescents.
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Kaplan, Onur, et Gordana Kaplan. « Response Spectra-Based Post-Earthquake Rapid Structural Damage Estimation Approach Aided with Remote Sensing Data : 2020 Samos Earthquake ». Buildings 12, no 1 (26 décembre 2021) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010014.
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Effective post-event emergency management contributes substantially to communities’ earthquake resilience, and one of the most crucial actions following an earthquake is building damage assessment. On-site inspections are dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming. Remote sensing techniques have shown great potential in localizing the most damaged regions and thus guiding aid and rescue operations in recent earthquakes. Furthermore, to prevent post-earthquake casualties, heavily damaged, unsafe buildings must be identified immediately since in most earthquakes, strong aftershocks can cause such buildings to collapse. The potential of the response spectrum concept for being associated with satellite-based remote sensing data for post-earthquake structural damage estimation was investigated in this study. In this respect, a response spectra-based post-earthquake structural damage estimation method aided by satellite-based remote sensing data was proposed to classify the buildings after an earthquake by prioritizing them based on their expected damage levels, in order to speed up the damage assessment process of critical buildings that can cause casualties in a possible strong aftershock. A case study application was implemented in the Bayrakli region in Izmir, Turkey, the most affected area by the Samos earthquake, on 30 October 2020. The damage estimations made in this research were compared with the in situ damage assessment reports prepared by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization experts. According to the accuracy assessment results, the sensitivity of the method is high (91%), and the necessary time spent by the in situ damage assessment teams to detect the critical buildings would have been significantly reduced for the study area.
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Ridwan Gucci, Dinda Okta Dwiyanti, et Yopy Mardiansyah. « IMPLEMENTASI LEMBAR PENILAIAN POTENSI BAHAYA BERDASARKAN FRAMEWORK PENILAIAN POTENSI BAHAYA IDEACM DI INDUSTRI MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI MAKRO (STUDI KASUS : PT XYZ) ». JURNAL REKAYASA SISTEM INDUSTRI 6, no 1 (28 novembre 2020) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/jrsi.v6i1.2085.
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Hazard is something that can potentially cause harm. Losses can be in the form of health problems or injuries to humans (workers), loss of work time, damage to property, area or workplace, products or damage to the surrounding environment, losses in the production process or other damages. Therefore, need for a comprehensive assessment of potential hazards. The purpose of this hazard assessment is to find out how much potential hazards the work station has. In this problem requires a solution in order to calculate how much the overall potential hazard, so the solution is to use a potential assessment sheet with a macro ergonomics approach. In the final results of the hazard potential assessment sheet is given a ranking, in order to determine the largest to the smallest potential at the work station. It also provides a quick conclusion to determine the potential hazards of macro ergonomic elements that must be carried out in advance in order in the ranking.
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Maharjan, Sony, et Shobha Shrestha. « An Assessment of Earthquake Risk in Thecho of Kathmandu Valley Nepal : Scenario and Reality ». Geographical Journal of Nepal 11 (3 avril 2018) : 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v11i0.19553.
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Natural disaster cannot be stopped but its effect can be minimized or avoided by adopting technology and necessary human adjustment. Earthquake is a natural event which occurs without early warning signs. Computer based earthquake scenarios are used worldwide to describe and estimate the damage from potential earthquakes. The current study is an attempt to explore potential risk with respect to physical infrastructure and assess modeled and actual physical damage and human loss caused by different earthquake scenario and actual 2015 earthquake event in Thecho of Kathmandu valley. The earthquake scenario is based on two nearest fault lines. Risk Assessment Tools for the Diagnosis of Urban Seismic Risk (RADIUS) method has been applied for estimation of potential building damage and casualties..The research has adopted integrated approach using secondary and primary data sources such as field observation, key informant survey and building survey through purposive random sampling.The study found that potential building damage estimated by RADIUS for Gorkha 2015 earthquake scenario and North-west (Khokana) are lower than the actual post-earthquake assessment whereas North earthquake scenario resulted higher loss. Actual damage caused by 2015 earthquake compared to modeled damage from RADIUS is found higher because additional damaged were made by successive aftershocks. Spatial distribution of potential building damage for earthquake scenarios and actual 2015 earthquake event is also variable. North-Nuwakot Earthquake Scenario resulted more hazardous than the North-Khokana scenario though the location of epicenter is relatively farther with high intensity. The study concluded that though earthquake occurrence and disaster is still less predictable risk assessment tools like RADIUS and mitigation measures based on such is important for reducing risk of earthquake disaster.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 127-136, 2018
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Bennett, James F., Bruce E. Peacock et Timothy R. Goodspeed. « COMPUTER MODELS FOR DAMAGE ASSESSMENT : ESTIMATES OF USE AND RESULTS1 ». International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no 1 (1 février 1995) : 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-339.
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ABSTRACT Through the process of natural resource damage assessment (NRDA), certain public agencies have the authority to recover monetary damages from parties responsible for injury to natural resources from a discharge of oil or a release of a hazardous substance. Computer simulation models have been developed as simplified procedures for these natural resource trustees to use in calculating damages without undertaking extensive field studies. The revised Natural Resource Damage Assessment Model for Coastal and Marine Environments (NRDAM/CME) and the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Model for the Great Lakes Environments (NRDAM/GLE) are being developed to serve an expanding user community of public natural resource trustees. These tools may enable natural resource managers to expedite settlements and execute environmental restoration. To estimate the potential use of the NRDA models for oil spills, the authors have developed a set of candidate spill occurrences based on the historical record. Representing an estimated 337 applicable spill events in the subject year, 121 model runs generated damage figures ranging from zero to more than half a million dollars.
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Korytárová, J., et V. Hromádka. « Assessment of the flood damages on the real estate property in the Czech Republic area ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 7 (20 juillet 2010) : 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-agricecon.
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The problem of floods can be solved by investment activities in the form of the flood protection measures or by the potential liquidation of damages after the flood. In the frame of the solved grant projects, there was developed the basic methodology for the losses on the immovable property in the territory assessment and consequently the database of input data for its use. The output of the described methodology enables the comparison of the potential losses on immovable property with the investment costs for the flood protection measures. In order to be able to estimate the occurred losses, the own method has been developed by the members of the research team. This method consists of the specification of the territorial property valuation and the evaluation of the damage on the territorial property caused by floods. The basic quality of the Territorial Property Index is that it respects the generally defined structure of the real estate property in the given area. The Territorial Property Index is then calculated for the individual area categories. While evaluating the damage, first the measure of the damages of the property representatives depending on the hydrological situation defined in advance must be investigated. The damages are then estimated based on three defined primary parameters.
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Pauzi, Ahmad Afiq. « Degradation Assessment of Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Components ». Advanced Materials Research 1133 (janvier 2016) : 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.376.
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Hot gas path component consists of components designed to burn air-fuel mixture in combustion section and provide hot gasses to the turbine section where mechanical power is produced. The aim of this research project is expected to improve the current practices of managing degradation of hot gas path components. Understanding the damage mechanisms is of great interest in reducing the damage and failure risk. In this research, a study was conducted on F-Class type gas turbine hot gas path components assembly. It involved extensive examination and testing of the components which had been in operations for 24,000 hours since the last shutdown. Various factors such as installation, operating conditions, hardness and material of constructions were also investigated. This paper reports the initial findings of the study of hot gas path components degradation. It describes the damage observed on the affected areas of the components and proposes the factors that contribute to the damage processes. Potential solutions for mitigating the damages are also discussed.
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Ghaffarian, S., et N. Kerle. « TOWARDS POST-DISASTER DEBRIS IDENTIFICATION FOR PRECISE DAMAGE AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENTS FROM UAV AND SATELLITE IMAGES ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (4 juin 2019) : 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-297-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Often disasters cause structural damages and produce rubble and debris, depending on their magnitude and type. The initial disaster response activity is evaluation of the damages, i.e. creation of a detailed damage estimation for different object types throughout the affected area. First responders and government stakeholders require the damage information to plan rescue operations and later on to guide the recovery process. Remote sensing, due to its agile data acquisition capability, synoptic coverage and low cost, has long been used as a vital tool to collect information after a disaster and conduct damage assessment. To detect damages from remote sensing imagery (both UAV and satellite images) structural rubble/debris has been employed as a proxy to detect damaged buildings/areas. However, disaster debris often includes vegetation, sediments and relocated personal property in addition to structural rubble, i.e. items that are wind- or waterborne and not necessarily associated with the closest building. Traditionally, land cover classification-based damage detection has been categorizing debris as damaged areas. However, in particular in waterborne disaster such as tsunamis or storm surges, vast areas end up being debris covered, effectively hindering actual building damage to be detected, and leading to an overestimation of damaged area. Therefore, to perform a precise damage assessment, and consequently recovery assessment that relies on a clear damage benchmark, it is crucial to separate actual structural rubble from ephemeral debris. In this study two approaches were investigated for two types of data (i.e., UAV images, and multi-temporal satellite images). To do so, three textural analysis, i.e., Gabor filters, Local Binary Pattern (LBP), and Histogram of the Oriented Gradients (HOG), were implemented on mosaic UAV images, and the relation between debris type and their time of removal was investigated using very high-resolution satellite images. The results showed that the HOG features, among other texture features, have the potential to be used for debris identification. In addition, multi-temporal satellite image analysis showed that debris removal time needs to be investigated using daily images, because the removal time of debris may change based on the type of disaster and its location.</p>
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Surace, Cecilia. « Damage Assessment of Structures Using only Post-Damage Vibration Measurements ». Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (juillet 2013) : 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.11.
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Damage to many structural systems (including bridges, offshore platforms, airplanes and aerospace systems) can occur during normal service due to fatigue loading, a corrosive environment, collisions with extraneous objects, etc. For such structures, in order to guarantee safety, periodic inspections and maintenance are essential: Since undetected damage may result in catastrophic structural failure, the realisation of an accurate and trustworthy damage detection technique is fundamental.Vibration-based inspection offers the potential for detecting faults by monitoring the dynamic response of a structure, exploiting the fundamental principle that structural damage affects the stiffness distribution and hence the presence of the fault will change the dynamic properties of the structure under investigation.Many vibration-based inspection techniques have been developed over recent years which require knowledge of the baseline modal responses of the structure in the original undamaged state.However, for the vast majority of existing structures in operation, such data are simply not available. This keynote presentation reviews past and present research studies in which the author has been involved that aim to detect the presence of structural damage and identify its approximate location, using only post-damage vibration measurements. The techniques presented analyse either the mode shapes, operating deflection shapes or principal orthogonal modes and their corresponding derivatives. These features have been found to be good indicators of damage due to the spatial information that can be provided with respect to location of damage. The methodologies proposed are applied to isotropic/orthotropic uni/bi-dimensional structures and corresponding numerical and experimental results are presented.
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Lallemant, David, Robert Soden, Steven Rubinyi, Sabine Loos, Karen Barns et Gitanjali Bhattacharjee. « Post-Disaster Damage Assessments as Catalysts for Recovery : A Look at Assessments Conducted in the Wake of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake ». Earthquake Spectra 33, no 1_suppl (décembre 2017) : 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120316eqs222m.
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In the wake of large earthquake disasters, governments, international agencies, and large nongovernmental organizations scramble to conduct impact and damage assessments that help them understand the nature and scale of the emergency in order to orchestrate a complex series of emergency, response, and recovery activities. Using the Gorkha earthquake as a case study, this research seeks to provide greater clarity into the types of post-disaster damage assessments, their purposes, and their potential as catalysts for critical recovery activities. We argue that damage assessment methodologies need to be tailored to the diverse information needs in post-disaster contexts, which vary by user group and change over time. This research builds upon the authors’ direct experience supporting the government of Nepal in the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) process, support with the rapid visual inspections conducted by the National Engineering Association, and interviews with humanitarian organizations who conducted damage assessment in Nepal.
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Fernandez Galarreta, J., N. Kerle et M. Gerke. « UAV-based urban structural damage assessment using object-based image analysis and semantic reasoning ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no 6 (1 juin 2015) : 1087–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1087-2015.
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Abstract. Structural damage assessment is critical after disasters but remains a challenge. Many studies have explored the potential of remote sensing data, but limitations of vertical data persist. Oblique imagery has been identified as more useful, though the multi-angle imagery also adds a new dimension of complexity. This paper addresses damage assessment based on multi-perspective, overlapping, very high resolution oblique images obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). 3-D point-cloud assessment for the entire building is combined with detailed object-based image analysis (OBIA) of façades and roofs. This research focuses not on automatic damage assessment, but on creating a methodology that supports the often ambiguous classification of intermediate damage levels, aiming at producing comprehensive per-building damage scores. We identify completely damaged structures in the 3-D point cloud, and for all other cases provide the OBIA-based damage indicators to be used as auxiliary information by damage analysts. The results demonstrate the usability of the 3-D point-cloud data to identify major damage features. Also the UAV-derived and OBIA-processed oblique images are shown to be a suitable basis for the identification of detailed damage features on façades and roofs. Finally, we also demonstrate the possibility of aggregating the multi-perspective damage information at building level.
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Fernandez Galarreta, J., N. Kerle et M. Gerke. « UAV-based urban structural damage assessment using object-based image analysis and semantic reasoning ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no 9 (2 septembre 2014) : 5603–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-5603-2014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Structural damage assessment is critical after disasters but remains a challenge. Many studies have explored the potential of remote sensing data, but limitations of vertical data persist. Oblique imagery has been identified as more useful, though the multi-angle imagery also adds a new dimension of complexity. This paper addresses damage assessment based on multi-perspective, overlapping, very high resolution oblique images obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). 3-D point-cloud assessment for the entire building is combined with detailed object-based image analysis (OBIA) of façades and roofs. This research focuses not on automatic damage assessment, but on creating a methodology that supports the often ambiguous classification of intermediate damage levels, aiming at producing comprehensive per-building damage scores. We identify completely damaged structures in the 3-D point cloud, and for all other cases provide the OBIA-based damage indicators to be used as auxiliary information by damage analysts. The results demonstrate the usability of the 3-D point-cloud data to identify major damage features. Also the UAV-derived and OBIA-processed oblique images are shown to be a suitable basis for the identification of detailed damage features on façades and roofs. Finally, we also demonstrate the possibility of aggregating the multi-perspective damage information at building level.
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Nastev, Miroslav. « Adapting Hazus for seismic risk assessment in Canada ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no 2 (février 2014) : 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0080.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Although earthquakes have been recognised as major natural hazards with the potential to cause loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption in Canada, most risk and emergency managers still lack the necessary tools and guidance to adequately undertake rigorous risk assessments. Recently, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) has adopted Hazus, a standardized best-practice methodology developed by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for estimating potential losses from common natural hazards, such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Hazus combines science, engineering knowledge, and mathematical modelling with geographic information systems technology to estimate physical damage and economic and social losses. Besides the ground shaking, the earthquake model considers landslide, liquefaction, and fault rupture susceptibilities. Depending on the severity of the resulting transient ground motion and permanent ground deformation, five potential damage states (none, slight, moderate, extensive, complete) are employed to estimate the amount of structural damage and consequent economic and social losses. This note reports some of the typical features of the recently adapted Hazus earthquake model, with an emphasis on the considerations of earthquake-induced hazards, and overviews the ongoing activities and potential challenges in implementing this model in Canada.
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Le, Ba-Tung, Thanh-Cao Le, Tran-Huu-Tin Luu, Duc-Duy Ho et Thanh-Canh Huynh. « Fault Assessment in Piezoelectric-Based Smart Strand Using 1D Convolutional Neural Network ». Buildings 12, no 11 (7 novembre 2022) : 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111916.
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The smart strand technique has been recently developed as a cost-effective prestress load monitoring solution for post-tensioned engineering systems. Nonetheless, during its lifetime under various operational and environmental conditions, the sensing element of the smart strand has the potential to fail, threatening its functionality and resulting in inaccurate prestress load estimation. This study analyzes the effect of potential failures in the smart strand on impedance characteristics and develops a 1D convolutional neural network (1D CNN) for automated fault diagnosis. Instead of using a realistic experimental structure for which transducer faults can be hard to control accurately, we adopt a well-established finite element model to conduct all experiments. The results show that the impedance characteristics of a damaged smart strand are relatively different from other piezoelectric active sensing devices. While the slope of the susceptance response is widely accepted as a promising fault indicator, this study shows that the resistance response is more favorable for the smart strand. The developed network can accurately diagnose the potential faults in a damaged smart strand with the highest testing accuracy of 94.1%. Since the network can autonomously learn damage-sensitive features without pre-processing, it shows great potential for embedding in impedance-based damage identification systems for real-time structural health monitoring.
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Escobedo, Francisco, Christopher Luley, Jerry Bond, Christina Staudhammer et Charles Bartel. « Hurricane Debris and Damage Assessment for Florida Urban Forests ». Arboriculture & ; Urban Forestry 35, no 2 (1 mars 2009) : 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
"A random 10% sample of communities in highly-impacted counties from the 2004 and 2005 Florida, U.S. hurricane seasons were used to study tree debris generation and damage from seven hurricanes. Woody debris amounts in cubic meters (m3) (cubic yards; yd3) as well as rates and costs for cleanup, tree removal and pruning were obtained for these events. Average debris generation per 30.5 m (100 ft) of street segment ranged from 0.59 m3 (0.77 yd3) for low damage, 3.4 m3 (4.44 yd3) for moderate damage, and 17.47 m3 (22.85 yd3) for high damage levels; cost of removal and disposal averaged $28.25 per m3 ($21.47 per yd3). Most communities used unit costing to account for tree removal and pruning rates, averaging 2% and 28% of street trees, respectively. Tree canopy, wind speed, and percentage of urban developed land all had a significant effect on debris amount. Florida communities with a greater tree density generated decreased amounts of debris during the 2004 and 2005 hurricane season. These results can be used to help communities plan for hurricane management activities and estimate potential damages to their tree resource."
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Cherif, Seif-eddine, Mimoun Chourak, Mohamed Abed et Abdelhalim Douiri. « Potential Seismic Damage Assessment of Residential Buildings in Imzouren City (Northern Morocco) ». Buildings 8, no 12 (11 décembre 2018) : 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8120179.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main purpose of this study is to assess seismic risk and present earthquake loss scenarios for the city of Imzouren, in northern Morocco. An empirical approach was chosen to assess the seismic vulnerability of the existing buildings, using the Vulnerability Index Method (RISK-UE), and considering two earthquake scenarios (deterministic and probabilistic). Special concern was given to the seismic vulnerability in Imzouren since the 2004 earthquake (24 February, mw = 6.4) that struck the region and caused substantial damage. A site investigation was conducted in the city targeting more than 3000 residential buildings, which had been closely examined and catalogued to assess their seismic vulnerability. The results of the seismic risk assessment in the city are represented through damage to the buildings, harm to the population and economic loss. Generally, the results obtained from the deterministic approach are in agreement with the damage caused by the 2004 earthquake.
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Reddig, Annika, Claudia E. Rübe, Stefan Rödiger, Peter Schierack, Dirk Reinhold et Dirk Roggenbuck. « DNA damage assessment and potential applications in laboratory diagnostics and precision medicine ». Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine 3 (avril 2018) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jlpm.2018.03.06.
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Carten, P. L., R. D. Penn, L. Fomazzari, J. Bennett, D. A. Wilkinson et G. Wortzman. « Computerized Tomographic Scan Assessment of Alcoholic Brain Damage and Its Potential Reversibility ». Alcoholism : Clinical and Experimental Research 10, no 3 (mai 1986) : 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05080.x.
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Ye, Fei, Jing Ning, Zeenath Fardous, Takanori Katsube, Qiang Li et Bing Wang. « Citrulline, A Potential Biomarker of Radiation-Induced Small Intestine Damage ». Dose-Response 18, no 3 (1 juillet 2020) : 155932582096234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325820962341.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Radiation damage assessment of the small intestine is important in nuclear accidents or routine radiotherapy of abdominal tumors. This article reviews the clinical symptoms and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced small intestinal damage and summarizes recent research on biomarkers of such damage. Citrulline is the most promising biomarker for the evaluation of radiation-induced small intestinal damage caused by radiotherapy and nuclear accidents. This article also summarizes the factors influencing plasma citrulline measurement investigated in the latest research, as well as new findings on the concentration of citrulline in saliva and urine after different types of radiation.
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Witmer, Gary W., Nathan P. Snow, Rachael S. Moulton et Jenna L. Swartz. « An assessment of seedling damage by wild house mice (Mus musculus) and wild deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no 6 (juin 2012) : 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-065.
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Although it is known that voles will damage seedlings, we do not know the extent to which deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) and house mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) damage seedlings. Knowing this information can assist resource managers in better targeting problem species and implementing appropriate management actions. We planted and monitored ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) and narrow-leaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia E. James) seedlings in metal stock tanks occupied by deer mice or house mice to assess the potential for damage by these rodents. Both species damaged leaves and stems of cottonwood seedlings, but house mice did more damage. House mouse damage resulted in mortality of over half of the cottonwood seedlings, whereas deer mice caused a much lower level of seedling mortality. Only slight damage was done by either species to pine seedlings. Neither species damaged the roots of seedlings, despite the extensive burrowing by house mice. Although voles are often considered to be the primary rodent species causing seedling damage, we have shown that deer mice and especially house mice could also cause substantial damage to deciduous seedlings. However, our work suggests that rodent control to prevent damage to conifer seedlings might not be warranted in general unless there are extenuating circumstances and the species causing the damage are identified to assist with targeting control methods more precisely.
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Jokinen, P., A. Vajda et H. Gregow. « The benefits of emergency rescue and reanalysis data in decadal storm damage assessment studies ». Advances in Science and Research 12, no 1 (1 juin 2015) : 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-97-2015.
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Abstract. Studying changes in storm-induced forest damage in Finland has not been possible previously due to the lack of continuous, long series of impact data. We overcome this by combining emergency rescue data from the Finnish rescue services "PRONTO" (2011-) with ERA-Interim reanalysis data of wind gusts and soil temperatures to define exceedance thresholds for potential forest damage days. These thresholds were applied as a proxy for the period 1979–2013 in order to study the spatial and decadal characteristics of forest damage in Finland due to windstorms. The results indicated that the area most impacted by potential forest damage was the south-western part of Finland along the coast, with 1–10 damaging storm cases per year. A decadal examination highlighted a lull period in the number of potential forest damage days during the 1990s compared to the 1980s and 2000s, albeit no trend was evident. The inclusion of emergency rescue data allowed us for the first time to estimate the spatial distribution and decadal variations of potential forest damage days due to windstorms in Finland. The results achieved will encourage further development of thresholds for potential forest damage by including additional data sources and applying them to future climate scenarios.
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Whitehurst, Daniel, Brianna Friedman, Kevin Kochersberger, Venkat Sridhar et James Weeks. « Drone-Based Community Assessment, Planning, and Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development ». Remote Sensing 13, no 9 (30 avril 2021) : 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091739.
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Accessible, low-cost technologies and tools are needed in the developing world to support community planning, disaster risk assessment, and land tenure. Enterprise-scale geographic information system (GIS) software and high-resolution aerial or satellite imagery are tools which are typically not available to or affordable for resource-limited communities. In this paper, we present a concept of aerial data collection, 3D cadastre modeling, and disaster risk assessment using low-cost drones and adapted open-source software. Computer vision/machine learning methods are used to create a classified 3D cadastre that contextualizes and quantifies potential natural disaster risk to existing or planned infrastructure. Building type and integrity are determined from aerial imagery. Potential flood damage risk to a building is evaluated as a function of three mechanisms: undermining (erosion) of the foundation, hydraulic pressure damage, and building collapse due to water load. Use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) provides water runoff estimates that are improved using classified land features (urban ecology, erosion marks) to improve flow direction estimates. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to find these flood-induced erosion marks from high-resolution drone imagery. A flood damage potential metric scaled by property value estimates results in individual and community property risk assessments.
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Iatsko, Olga, Anjan Ramesh Babu, J. Michael Stallings et Andrzej S. Nowak. « Weigh-in-Motion-Based Fatigue Damage Assessment ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no 8 (26 mai 2020) : 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120919758.
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Weigh-in-motion (WIM) data provide an excellent opportunity to study the effects of actual traffic loads on bridges. Here procedures are presented for using WIM data to quantify the fatigue damage accumulated in steel bridges. These procedures allow comparisons of the impacts of truck traffic on various routes beyond simple comparisons of the numbers and gross vehicles weights of trucks in the traffic streams. The fatigue damage accumulation procedures are demonstrated using WIM traffic data collected in the state of Alabama. The results of the analysis show that approximately 20% of trucks are overloaded, that is, permit loads and illegal loads, and those trucks create more than 50% of the total damage based on the combined data from all the WIM locations in the state. The contribution of overloaded trucks to the total fatigue damage varies so that their contribution is less significant along some routes. A typical steel bridge with bottom flange coverplates was evaluated using the WIM data from 1 year for a heavily traveled route. This analysis shows that the fatigue life of the bridge was consumed at an annual rate consistent with a mean life of 100 years. These procedures have applications in planning weight limit enforcement, budgeting, and maintenance, and they have the potential for future use in planning inspection intervals.
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Faure, Michael, et Louis Visscher. « The Role of Experts in Assessing Damages – A Law and Economics Account ». European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no 3 (septembre 2011) : 376–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00001392.
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In this contribution we focus on the role of experts in the assessment of tort damages from an economic point of view. We distinguish two different aspects.First, we examine the role which economists might play in assessing damages in tort cases. This approach focuses on the insights that Law and Economics provides regarding the correct assessment of damages. We pay specific attention to two problematic forms of losses where economic insights may play an important role: pure economic loss and personal injury damage (both loss of income and compensation for immaterial losses due to fatal and non-fatal accidents).Second, we investigate from a Law and Economics point of view the role of experts in general (not only economists) in the assessment of damages. We discuss i.a. the question why experts may be involved in the assessment of damages, the potential problems (and the possible solutions) when using experts, and differences between party appointed experts and court appointed experts.It turns out that the economic analysis can provide a different, insightful viewpoint in some respects, such as the fact that market based mechanisms may help to provide incentives to party appointed experts to provide an accurate and objective damage assessment.
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Bond, Ray, Sara Underwood, Douglas E. Adams et Joshua J. Cummins. « Structural health monitoring–based methodologies for managing uncertainty in aircraft structural life assessment ». Structural Health Monitoring 13, no 6 (9 octobre 2014) : 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921714553733.
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Aircraft maintenance approaches that rely on only scheduled inspections have an intrinsic amount of uncertainty and risk because intervals do not reflect the loading and damage history of individual aircraft. This risk is more pronounced in composite aircraft, because damage is often not visually apparent. This work presents two case studies of complementary structural health monitoring methods that are designed to reduce the risk in aircraft maintenance, as well as the cost of frequent, lengthy inspections. The first is an impact identification system which is capable of locating impacts to a full-scale fuselage using only three sensors. This impact identification method is able to quantify the severity of impacts, allowing maintenance personnel to focus inspections on areas that have sustained frequent and/or high-amplitude impacts. Using this method, over 97% of impacts to a heavy-lift helicopter fuselage are located within 9 in of the true impact location. The second case study details the development of a noncontact wide-area inspection method, which has the potential to reduce inspection times and uncertainty as compared to labor-intensive inspection methods such as coin tap testing. This inspection method exploits the nonlinear forced vibration characteristics of damaged areas through surface velocity measurements acquired by a scanning laser vibrometer. By comparing the structure’s response to forcing functions of differing magnitudes, the local nonlinear characteristics of damage are identified. This automated inspection method is shown to be effective in locating subsurface damage in composite helicopter panels and has the potential to reduce both labor costs and damage detection uncertainty.
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Rudik, Ivan. « Optimal Climate Policy When Damages are Unknown ». American Economic Journal : Economic Policy 12, no 2 (1 mai 2020) : 340–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160541.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are economists’ primary tool for analyzing the optimal carbon tax. Damage functions, which link temperature to economic impacts, have come under fire because of their assumptions that may be incorrect in significant but a priori unknowable ways. Here I develop recursive IAM frameworks to model uncertainty, learning, and concern for misspecification about damages. I decompose the carbon tax into channels capturing state uncertainty, insurance motives, and precautionary saving. Damage learning improves ex ante welfare by $750 billion. If damage functions are misspecified and omit the potential for catastrophic damages, robust control may be beneficial ex post. (JEL H23, Q54, Q58)
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Ahmed, Hesham, Andisheh Zahedi et Leandro Sanchez. « Microscopic assessment of ASR-affected columns after 20 years in service ». MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022) : 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236403011.
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Deterioration signs were observed on the concrete surface of the exterior columns of the SITE building located at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Ontario, Canada) which demonstrated the potential presence of a concrete damage mechanism, suspected to be alkali-silica reaction (ASR). To investigate the root cause of this deterioration, a visual inspection was conducted to select concrete members for coring. Damage development in the extracted cores was then evaluated through various microscopic techniques to identify the cause and extent of deterioration. First, the petrographic examination was carried out with the aim of detecting the cause of damage in the extracted core specimens through the analysis of damage features; confirming the presence of ASR in the selected elements Afterwards, the Damage Rating Index (DRI), a semi-quantitative microscopic procedure, was used to evaluate the extent of the damage. Data collected during the visual inspection and petrographic examination will be presented and analyzed. Moreover, based upon the analysis of DRI results, the induced expansion levels in affected columns will be discussed, along with potential implications on their structural performance.
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Jiang, Chang, Changyu Zhang, Weibin Li, Mingxi Deng et Ching-Tai Ng. « Assessment of damage in composites using static component generation of ultrasonic guided waves ». Smart Materials and Structures 31, no 4 (15 mars 2022) : 045025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5a77.
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Abstract Static component (SC) generation of guided waves (GWs), which combines the high sensitivity of acoustic nonlinearity to micro-damage and low attenuative effect, has great potential for damage assessment in large composite structures. The present work explores the use of SC generation of GWs for assessing damages in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates. The features including mode, waveform, and cumulative effect of the generated SC in composites are numerically investigated by three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation. A dynamic displacement measurement method based on piezoelectric transducers is accordingly proposed and experimentally verified. The cumulative SC pulse generated from primary GW tone-burst with a finite duration, is observed and verified numerically and experimentally. It is found that the magnitude of the generated SC pulse is linearly proportional to the quadratic material nonlinearity. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated SC pulse of GW under group velocity matching condition, is an effective means to assess the hygrothermal damage and low-velocity impact damage in CFRP composite plates. The performed experimental examination validates the feasibility of the proposed approach for damage assessment in CFRP composites.
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Fruehmann, R. K., Janice M. Dulieu-Barton et S. Quinn. « Towards a Hybrid Infrared Approach for Damage Assessment ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (juin 2010) : 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.57.
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The thermoelastic response obtained from an infra-red (IR) detector contains two components: the magnitude of the small stress induced temperature change caused by the thermoelastic effect and the phase angle of the temperature change relative to a reference signal generated by an application of a stress change. The phase angle is related to nonlinearity in the thermoelastic response and departures from the simple linear relationship that underpins thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA). The phase data could be used to make an assessment of temperature evolutions caused by viscoelastic behaviour resulting from damage and provide a basis for its evaluation. In the current paper the physics of other infra-red techniques used for non-destructive evaluation is used to better understand the nature of the thermoelastic response. The objective is to provide better exploitation of TSA by alternative processing of the IR measurements. Three case studies are presented that demonstrate the potential of the alternative processing for evaluating damage.
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Dixit, J., D. M. Dewaikar et R. S. Jangid. « Assessment of liquefaction potential index for Mumbai city ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no 9 (6 septembre 2012) : 2759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2759-2012.
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Abstract. Mumbai city is the financial capital of India and is fifth most densely populated city in the world. Seismic soil liquefaction is evaluated for Mumbai city in terms of the factors of safety against liquefaction (FS) along the depths of soil profiles for different earthquakes with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 yr using standard penetration test (SPT)-based simplified empirical procedure. This liquefaction potential is evaluated at 142 representative sites in the city using the borehole records from standard penetration tests. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) is evaluated at each borehole location from the obtained factors of safety (FS) to predict the potential of liquefaction to cause damage at the surface level at the site of interest. Spatial distribution of soil liquefaction potential is presented in the form of contour maps of LPI values. As the majority of the sites in the city are of reclaimed land, the vulnerability of liquefaction is observed to be very high at many places.
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Nicklin, Leicher, Dieperink et Leeuwen. « Understanding the Costs of Inaction–An Assessment of Pluvial Flood Damages in Two European Cities ». Water 11, no 4 (17 avril 2019) : 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040801.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Today, over 50% of the global population lives near water. Due to population growth, ongoing economic development, and extreme weather events, urban areas are growing more susceptible to flood risks, and the costs of inaction of failing to manage flood risks are high. Research into the benefits of pluvial flood-risk management is needed to spread awareness and motivate investments in pluvial flood-risk reduction. So far, such research is lacking. This research therefore assesses pluvial flood damage from a single 60mm/1-hour rainfall event in the cities of Rotterdam and Leicester using 3Di flood modelling and the flood damage estimation tool (waterschadeschatter; WSS). The results demonstrate that potential pluvial flood damages exceed €10 million in each city. From this research, inhabitants and authorities of Leicester and Rotterdam can learn that preparing for upcoming pluvial floods can save millions of euros resulting from future damages. The application of these tools also makes clear that data availability is a highly relevant bottleneck to the pluvial flood damage assessment process. By addressing data shortages, flood damage estimates can be strengthened, which improves decision support and enhances the chance actions are taken in reducing pluvial flood risks.
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Torp-Petersen, G. E., et M. G. Black. « Geotechnical investigation and assessment of potential building damage arising from ground movements : CrossRail ». Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 147, no 2 (mai 2001) : 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/tran.2001.147.2.107.
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Basu, Chiradeep, Subarna Bhattacharyya, Anirban Chaudhuri, Shaheen Akhtar, Akash Chatterjee, Biswajit Thakur, Himadri Guha et Punarbasu Chaudhuri. « Assessment of Potential Damage Factor : A Case Study of St. Paul’s Cathedral, Kolkata ». Journal of Heritage Management 6, no 1 (juin 2021) : 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24559296211008678.
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Damaging factors such as airborne microorganisms, relative humidity, ventilation, temperature and air pollutants are the major concerns of the tropical climate of Kolkata, India where our study site, 172-year-old St. Paul’s Cathedral is located. In this context, the aim was to develop an equation to assess the management priority and which factors would be more responsible for potentially damaging the heritage building. The temperature varied from 28°C to 31°C, relative humidity was recorded 72% over a period of 14 days in the prayer hall whereas almost constant temperature (27°C) and relative humidity (55%) were recorded in crypt. Air movement was recorded 0.5–3 m s−1 in both crypt and prayer hall. Sulphur dioxide and oxide of nitrogen concentration were lower than the standard mentioned by the Central Pollution Control Board, India. The fungal load was lower inside the crypt (237 CFU m−3) than in the prayer hall (793 CFU m−3). Calculated potential damage for prayer hall and crypt was found to be 48.75% and 37.08%, respectively. Results revealed that microbial load and relative humidity were the potent factors for damage to the building. Continuous air movement, that is, ventilation and building design here played significant roles. The Heritage Conservation Committee can use the data for better management.
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Khudeira, Soliman, et Jamshid Mohammadi. « Assessment of Potential Seismic Damage to Residential Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in Northern Illinois ». Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 11, no 2 (mai 2006) : 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2006)11:2(93).
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Ma, Le, Qiang Gong, Gaoyu Liu, Jieping Chen, Yu Wang, Peng luo et Chunmeng Shi. « Positive Cofactor 4 as a Potential Radiation Biodosimeter for Early Assessment ». Dose-Response 20, no 1 (janvier 2022) : 155932582210813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258221081317.
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During a major radiation event, a large number of people need to be rapidly assessed for radiation damage to ensure effective medical treatment and efficient use of medical resources. However, current techniques cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of large quantities of samples in an emergency. It is essential to develop rapid and accurate radiation biodosimeters in peripheral blood. Here, we identified radiation sensitive genes in mice by RNA sequencing and evaluated their utility as radiation biodosimeters in human cell lines. Mice were subjected to gamma-irradiation with different doses (0–8 Gy, .85 Gy/min), and the tail venous blood was analyzed by RNA sequencing. We have identified 5 genes with significantly differential expression after radiation exposure. We found that positive cofactor 4(PC4) had well correlation with radiation dose in human lymphoblastoid cell line after irradiation. The relative expression of PC4 gene showed a good linear correlation with the radiation dose after 1–5 Gy irradiation (.85 Gy/min). PC4 gene can be rapidly recruited to the DNA damage sites faster than γ-H2AX after radiation in immunofluorescence detection. In conclusion, PC4 may be represented as new radiation biological dosimeter for early assessment.
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Petrucci, O., et G. Gullà. « A Support Analysis Framework for mass movement damage assessment : applications to case studies in Calabria (Italy) ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no 2 (11 mars 2009) : 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-315-2009.
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Abstract. The analysis of data describing damage caused by mass movements in Calabria (Italy) allowed the organisation of the Support Analysis Framework (SAF), a spreadsheet that converts damage descriptions into numerical indices expressing direct, indirect, and intangible damage. The SAF assesses damage indices of past mass movements and the potential outcomes of dormant phenomena re-activations. It is based on the effects on damaged elements and is independent of both physical and geometric phenomenon characteristics. SAF sections that assess direct damage encompass several lines, each describing an element characterised by a value fixed on a relative arbitrary scale. The levels of loss are classified as: L4: complete; L3: high; L2: medium; or L1: low. For a generic line l, the SAF multiplies the value of a damaged element by its level of loss, obtaining dl, the contribution of the line to the damage. Indirect damage is appraised by two sections accounting for: (a) actions aiming to overcome emergency situations and (b) actions aiming to restore pre-movement conditions. The level of loss depends on the number of people involved (a) or the cost of actions (b). For intangible damage, the level of loss depends on the number of people involved. We examined three phenomena, assessing damage using the SAF and SAFL, customised versions of SAF based on the elements actually present in the analysed municipalities that consider the values of elements in the community framework. We show that in less populated, inland, and affluent municipalities, the impact of mass movements is greater than in coastal areas. The SAF can be useful to sort groups of phenomena according to their probable future damage, supplying results significant either for insurance companies or for local authorities involved in both disaster management and planning of defensive measures.
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Su, Qiwang, Gaochuang Cai et Hervé Degée. « Application of Variance Analyses Comparison in Seismic Damage Assessment of Masonry Buildings Using Three Simplified Indexes ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3741941.
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The reasonable assessment of potential damage type of masonry structures in seismic-prone zone is very significant to strengthen existing masonry structures and guide the construction of the new building. The primary objective of the study is to propose and determine a reasonable assessment index to predict the damage type of masonry structures in different seismic intensity zones using the survey results of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and variance analyses comparison methods. Three potential theory assessment indexes are considered in the evaluation of damage of masonry structures, including wall density index Iw, strength index Isq, and combined index Isd. In order to compare the feasibility of the three indexes, One-way analysis of variance and Scheffé’s method were used for in-depth discussion. Based on the proposed assessment indexes, further analyses and recommendations were provided. Results show the combined index Isd has a high potential to predict the damage levels of masonry structures. Based on the study, several recommendations were provided for the masonry structures in seismic-prone zones.
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Mishra, Kumkum. « Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Heavy Metals in Plants : A Review ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 6, no 02 (30 avril 2020) : 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v6i02.09.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Heavy metal stress is one of the major problems affecting the agricultural productivity of plants. Soil is contaminated by heavy metals, such as, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As. Plants suffer from oxidative stress upon exposure to heavy metals and lead to cellular damage. Heavy metals induce clastogenecity, aneugenicity, recombinogenicity, gene mutation, and DNA damage. There are several genetic endpoints that can be used as biomarkers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, e.g., comet assays, micronuclei frequency, meiotic analysis, mitotic analysis, and chromosomal aberrations. Plants are very useful in environmental monitoring and assessment as they provide a very wide range of genetic endpoints. They may be used as biosensors of the genetic toxicity of environmental pollutants.