Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Posterior insula »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Posterior insula"
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Türe, Uğur, Dianne C. H. Yaşargil, Ossama Al-Mefty et M. Gazi Yaşargil. « Topographic anatomy of the insular region ». Journal of Neurosurgery 90, no 4 (avril 1999) : 720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0720.
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Object. The insula is one of the paralimbic structures and constitutes the invaginated portion of the cerebral cortex, forming the base of the sylvian fissure. The authors provide a detailed anatomical study of the insular region to assist in the process of conceptualizing a reliable surgical approach to allow for a successful course of surgery.Methods. The topographic anatomy of the insular region was studied in 25 formalin-fixed brain specimens (50 hemispheres). The periinsular sulci (anterior, superior, and inferior) define the limits of the frontoorbital, frontoparietal, and temporal opercula, respectively. The opercula cover and enclose the insula. The limen insula is located in the depths of the sylvian fissure and constitutes the anterobasal portion of the insula. A central insular sulcus divides the insula into two portions, the anterior insula (larger) and the posterior insula (smaller). The anterior insula is composed of three principal short insular gyri (anterior, middle, and posterior) as well as the accessory and transverse insular gyri. All five gyri converge at the insular apex, which represents the most superficial aspect of the insula. The posterior insula is composed of the anterior and posterior long insular gyri and the postcentral insular sulcus, which separates them. The anterior insula was found to be connected exclusively to the frontal lobe, whereas the posterior insula was connected to both the parietal and temporal lobes. Opercular gyri and sulci were observed to interdigitate within the opercula and to interdigitate the gyri and sulci of the insula. Using the fiber dissection technique, various unique anatomical features and relationships of the insula were determined.Conclusions. The topographic anatomy of the insular region is described in this article, and a practical terminology for gyral and sulcal patterns of surgical significance is presented. This study clarifies and supplements the information presently available to help develop a more coherent surgical concept.
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Tanriover, Necmettin, Albert L. Rhoton, Masatou Kawashima, Arthur J. Ulm et Alexandre Yasuda. « Microsurgical anatomy of the insula and the sylvian fissure ». Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no 5 (mai 2004) : 891–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.5.0891.
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Object. The purpose of this study was to define the topographic anatomy, arterial supply, and venous drainage of the insula and sylvian fissure. Methods. The neural, arterial, and venous anatomy of the insula and sylvian fissure were examined in 43 cerebral hemispheres. Conclusions. The majority of gyri and sulci of the frontoparietal and temporal opercula had a constant relationship to the insular gyri and sulci and provided landmarks for approaching different parts of the insula. The most lateral lenticulostriate artery, an important landmark in insular surgery, arose 14.6 mm from the apex of the insula and penetrated the anterior perforated substance 15.3 mm medial to the limen insulae. The superior trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and its branches supplied the anterior, middle, and posterior short gyri; the anterior limiting sulcus; the short sulci; and the insular apex. The inferior trunk supplied the posterior long gyrus, inferior limiting sulcus, and limen area in most hemispheres. Both of these trunks frequently contributed to the supply of the central insular sulcus and the anterior long gyrus. The areas of insular supply of the superior and inferior trunks did not overlap. The most constant insular area of supply by the cortical MCA branches was from the prefrontal and precentral arteries that supplied the anterior and middle short gyri, respectively. The largest insular perforating arteries usually arose from the central and angular arteries and most commonly entered the posterior half of the central insular sulcus and posterior long gyrus. Insular veins drained predominantly to the deep middle cerebral vein, although frequent connections to the superficial venous system were found. Of all the insular veins, the precentral insular vein was the one that most commonly connected to the superficial sylvian vein.
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Rachidi, Inès, Lorella Minotti, Guillaume Martin, Dominique Hoffmann, Julien Bastin, Olivier David et Philippe Kahane. « The Insula : A Stimulating Island of the Brain ». Brain Sciences 11, no 11 (19 novembre 2021) : 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111533.
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Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) in epilepsy surgery patients has a long history of functional brain mapping and seizure triggering. Here, we review its findings when applied to the insula in order to map the insular functions, evaluate its local and distant connections, and trigger seizures. Clinical responses to insular DCS are frequent and diverse, showing a partial segregation with spatial overlap, including a posterior somatosensory, auditory, and vestibular part, a central olfactory-gustatory region, and an anterior visceral and cognitive-emotional portion. The study of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) has shown that the anterior (resp. posterior) insula has a higher connectivity rate with itself than with the posterior (resp. anterior) insula, and that both the anterior and posterior insula are closely connected, notably between the homologous insular subdivisions. All insular gyri show extensive and complex ipsilateral and contralateral extra-insular connections, more anteriorly for the anterior insula and more posteriorly for the posterior insula. As a rule, CCEPs propagate first and with a higher probability around the insular DCS site, then to the homologous region, and later to more distal regions with fast cortico-cortical axonal conduction delays. Seizures elicited by insular DCS have rarely been specifically studied, but their rate does not seem to differ from those of other DCS studies. They are mainly provoked from the insular seizure onset zone but can also be triggered by stimulating intra- and extra-insular early propagation zones. Overall, in line with the neuroimaging studies, insular DCS studies converge on the view that the insula is a multimodal functional hub with a fast propagation of information, whose organization helps understand where insular seizures start and how they propagate.
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Kaneko, Nobuyuki, Warren W. Boling, Takaharu Shonai, Kazumi Ohmori, Yoshiaki Shiokawa, Hiroki Kurita et Takanori Fukushima. « Delineation of the Safe Zone in Surgery of Sylvian Insular Triangle : Morphometric Analysis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study ». Operative Neurosurgery 70, suppl_2 (9 août 2011) : ons290—ons299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3182315112.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Surgery within the insula carries significant risk of morbidity, particularly hemiparesis, because of the difficulty in detecting the internal capsule boundaries. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the anatomy of the insula and identified landmarks anticipated to facilitate surgery for intrinsic insular lesions. METHODS: Insular region anatomy was studied in 11 cadaveric brains harvested within 72 hours postmortem. MRI of the specimens was acquired using 3.0 T with T2-weighting and 25 directions of diffusion tensor imaging. Landmarks easily recognizable during surgery were identified on the surface of the insula. The interrelationships between surface landmarks and critical structures were analyzed. RESULTS: The posterior inferior insular point (PIIP) and the upper central insular point (UCIP) were newly established as landmarks on the insula. The PIIP corresponded to the obvious bend in the posterior long insular gyrus. The UCIP is the meeting point between the central insular sulcus and superior peri-insular sulcus. The corticospinal tract was identified as a high-intensity area in the posterior limb of the internal capsule on T2-weighted imaging and its course confirmed with diffusion tensor imaging tractography. The corticospinal tract took a course deep to the posterosuperior insula on T2-weighted imaging, 4.8 mm from the UCIP and 6.2 mm from the PIIP. CONCLUSION: The posterosuperior part of the insula forms the region at greatest risk to corticospinal tract injury. The PIIP and UCIP are crucial to understanding the relationship of the insula with the posterior limb of the internal capsule including the corticospinal tract.
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Martino, Juan, Francesco Vergani, Santiago Gil Robles et Hugues Duffau. « New Insights Into the Anatomic Dissection of the Temporal Stem With Special Emphasis on the Inferior Fronto-occipital Fasciculus : Implications in Surgical Approach to Left Mesiotemporal and Temporoinsular Structures ». Operative Neurosurgery 66, suppl_1 (1 mars 2010) : ons—4—ons—12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000348564.28415.fa.
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Abstract Objective: To analyze the 3-dimensional relationships of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) within the temporal stem using anatomic dissection and to study the surgical application. Methods: Ten postmortem human hemispheres (5 right, 5 left) were dissected using the Klingler fiber dissection technique. The 3-dimensional relationships of the IFOF with different landmarks of the temporal stem, insula, and temporal lobe were analyzed and measured. Results: An average distance of 10.9 mm (range, 8–15 mm) was observed between the limen insulae and the anterior edge of the IFOF under the inferior limiting sulcus of the insula. This anterior one-third of the temporal stem is crossed by the uncinate fasciculus. The IFOF crosses the posterior two-thirds of the temporal stem, in the space between the posterior limit of the uncinate fasciculus and the lateral geniculate body. The average superoinferior distance between the IFOF and the inferior limiting sulcus was 3.8 mm. The auditory radiations and the claustro-opercular and insulo-opercular fibers of the external and extreme capsules pass through the temporal stem above the IFOF, whereas the optic radiations pass below. Conclusion: In the transsylvian approach to the mesiotemporal structures in the left dominant hemisphere, an incision within the posterior 8 mm from the limen insulae is less likely to damage the IFOF than more posterior incisions along the inferior limiting sulcus. In the temporal transopercular approach to left temporo-insular gliomas, the IFOF constitutes the deep functional limit of the resection within the temporal stem.
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Afif, Afif, Guillaume Becq et Patrick Mertens. « Definition of a Stereotactic 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Template of the Human Insula ». Operative Neurosurgery 72, no 1 (14 septembre 2012) : ons35—ons46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31826cdc57.
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Abstract Background: This study proposes a 3-dimensional (3-D) template of the insula in the bicommissural reference system with posterior commissure (PC) as the center of coordinates. Objective: Using the bicommissural anterior commissure (AC)-PC reference system, this study aimed to define a template and design a method for the 3-D reconstruction of the human insula that may be used at an individual level during stereotactic surgery. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based morphometric analysis was performed on 100 cerebral cortices with normal insulae based on a 3-step procedure: Step 1: AC-PC reference system-based reconstruction of the insula from the 1-mm thick 3-D T1-weighted MRI slices. Step 2: Digitalization and superposition of the data obtained in the 3 spatial planes. Step 3: Representation of pixels as colors on a scale corresponding to the probability of localization of each insular anatomic component. Results: The morphometric analysis of the insula confirmed our previously reported findings of a more complex shape delimited by 4 peri-insular sulci. A very significant correlation between the coordinates of the main insular structures and the length of AC-PC was demonstrated. This close correlation allowed us to develop a method that allows the 3-D reconstruction of the insula from MRI slices and only requires the localization of AC and PC. This process defines an area deemed to contain insula with 100% probability. Conclusion: This 3-D reconstruction of the insula should be useful to improve its localization and other cortical areas and allow the differentiation of insular cortex from opercular cortex.
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Parellada, M., L. Pina-Camacho, C. Moreno, Y. Aleman, M. O. Krebs, M. Desco, J. Merchán-Naranjo et al. « Insular pathology in young people with high-functioning autism and first-episode psychosis ». Psychological Medicine 47, no 14 (24 avril 2017) : 2472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000988.
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BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and psychosis share deficits in social cognition. The insular region has been associated with awareness of self and reality, which may be basic for proper social interactions.MethodsTotal and regional insular volume and thickness measurements were obtained from a sample of 30 children and adolescents with ASD, 29 with early onset first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 26 healthy controls (HC). Total, regional, and voxel-level volume and thickness measurements were compared between groups (with correction for multiple comparisons), and the relationship between these measurements and symptom severity was explored.ResultsCompared with HC, a shared volume deficit was observed for the right (but not the left) anterior insula (ASD: p = 0.007, FEP: p = 0.032), and for the bilateral posterior insula: (left, ASD: p = 0.011, FEP: p = 0.033; right, ASD: p = 0.004, FEP: p = 0.028). A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) conjunction analysis showed that ASD and FEP patients shared a gray matter volume and thickness deficit in the left posterior insula. Within patients, right anterior (r = −0.28, p = 0.041) and left posterior (r = −0.29, p = 0.030) insular volumes negatively correlated with the severity of insight deficits, and left posterior insular volume negatively correlated with the severity of ‘autistic-like’ symptoms (r = −0.30, p = 0.028).ConclusionsThe shared reduced volume and thickness in the anterior and posterior regions of the insula in ASD and FEP provides the first tentative evidence that these conditions share structural pathology that may be linked to shared symptomatology.
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Türe, Uğur, M. Gazi Yaşargil, Ossama Al-Mefty et Dianne C. H. Yaşargil. « Arteries of the insula ». Journal of Neurosurgery 92, no 4 (avril 2000) : 676–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.92.4.0676.
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Object. The insula is located at the base of the sylvian fissure and is a potential site for pathological processes such as tumors and vascular malformations. Knowledge of insular anatomy and vascularization is essential to perform accurate microsurgical procedures in this region.Methods. Arterial vascularization of the insula was studied in 20 human cadaver brains (40 hemispheres). The cerebral arteries were perfused with red latex to enhance their visibility, and they were dissected with the aid of an operating microscope.Arteries supplying the insula numbered an average of 96 (range 77–112). Their mean diameter measured 0.23 mm (range 0.1–0.8 mm), and the origin of each artery could be traced to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), predominantly the M2 segment. In 22 hemispheres (55%), one to six insular arteries arose from the M1 segment of the MCA and supplied the region of the limen insulae. In an additional 10 hemispheres (25%), one or two insular arteries arose from the M3 segment of the MCA and supplied the region of either the superior or inferior periinsular sulcus. The insular arteries primarily supply the insular cortex, extreme capsule, and, occasionally, the claustrum and external capsule, but not the putamen, globus pallidus, or internal capsule, which are vascularized by the lateral lenticulostriate arteries (LLAs). However, an average of 9.9 (range four–14) insular arteries in each hemisphere, mostly in the posterior insular region, were similar to perforating arteries and some of these supplied the corona radiata. Larger, more prominent insular arteries (insuloopercular arteries) were also observed (an average of 3.5 per hemisphere, range one–seven). These coursed across the surface of the insula and then looped laterally, extending branches to the medial surfaces of the opercula.Conclusions. Complete comprehension of the intricate vascularization patterns associated with the insula, as well as proficiency in insular anatomy, are prerequisites to accomplishing appropriate surgical planning and, ultimately, to completing successful exploration and removal of pathological lesions in this region.
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Liang, Despoina, et Charalampos Labrakakis. « Multiple Posterior Insula Projections to the Brainstem Descending Pain Modulatory System ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no 17 (24 août 2024) : 9185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179185.
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The insular cortex is an important hub for sensory and emotional integration. It is one of the areas consistently found activated during pain. While the insular’s connections to the limbic system might play a role in the aversive and emotional component of pain, its connections to the descending pain system might be involved in pain intensity coding. Here, we used anterograde tracing with viral expression of mCherry fluorescent protein, to examine the connectivity of insular axons to different brainstem nuclei involved in the descending modulation of pain in detail. We found extensive connections to the main areas of descending pain control, namely, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the raphe magnus (RMg). In addition, we also identified an extensive insular connection to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Although not as extensive, we found a consistent axonal input from the insula to different noradrenergic nuclei, the locus coeruleus (LC), the subcoereuleus (SubCD) and the A5 nucleus. These connections emphasize a prominent relation of the insula with the descending pain modulatory system, which reveals an important role of the insula in pain processing through descending pathways.
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Desai, Atman, Kimon Bekelis, Terrance M. Darcey et David W. Roberts. « Surgical techniques for investigating the role of the insula in epilepsy : a review ». Neurosurgical Focus 32, no 3 (mars 2012) : E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.1.focus11325.
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Intracranial electroencephalography monitoring of the insula is an important tool in the investigation of the insula in medically intractable epilepsy and has been shown to be safe and reliable. Several methods of placing electrodes for insular coverage have been reported and include open craniotomy as well as stereotactic orthogonal and stereotactic anterior and posterior oblique trajectories. The authors review each of these techniques with respect to current concepts in insular epilepsy.
Thèses sur le sujet "Posterior insula"
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Paiva, Joselisa Péres Queiroz de. « Efeitos da inativação temporária do córtex insular anterior e posterior no condicionamento de medo ao contexto e ao som em ratos ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
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Orientadora: Profª Drª Raquel Vecchio FornariDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência e Cognição, 2015.
O cortex insular (CI), ou insula, conquistou nos ultimos anos um lugar de destaque na area cientifica por seu suposto envolvimento em processos emocionais e cognitivos. No rato, como nos seres humanos, o CI pode ser dividido em duas sub-regioes funcionalmente heterogeneas. Embora a maioria dos estudos realizados em animais tenha mostrado um envolvimento da regiao mais rostral (CI anterior) na memoria gustativa, outros sugerem um papel mais amplo, abrangendo desde o reconhecimento de objetos ate o processamento de memorias espaciais e aversivas. A regiao mais caudal (CI posterior), por sua vez, recebe aferencias multissensoriais e supoe-se que esteja envolvida em processamento multissensorial e nociceptivo. Entretanto, pouquissimos trabalhos avaliaram a participacao dessa sub-regiao posterior em tarefas de memoria, com resultados inconclusivos. Nao havia, ate o momento, nenhum trabalho que tivesse investigado isoladamente o papel de ambas as sub-regioes do CI na consolidacao da memoria emocional. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da inativacao temporaria do CI anterior e posterior sobre a consolidacao da memoria de medo de tarefas de condicionamento de medo ao contexto e ao som. Ratos Wistar de 3 meses de idade passaram por cirurgia estereotaxica para implante de canulas-guia bilaterais no CI anterior ou posterior. Os animais tiveram pelo menos 7 dias de recuperacao e foram manipulados por 3 dias antes do inicio do procedimento comportamental. Para o treino de condicionamento de medo ao contexto e ao som, os ratos foram colocados individualmente em um caixa de condicionamento. Apos 120 segundos de livre exploracao, um som (90 decibeis, 2 kHz) foi emitido por 30 segundos, co-terminando com um choque nas patas (0,7 mA, 1s). Imediatamente apos, cada rato recebeu uma microinfusao bilateral de muscimol (agonista gabaergico, 0,5¿Êg/0,5¿ÊL por hemisferio) ou salina (grupo controle). O teste de condicionamento de medo ao contexto (CMC) ocorreu 48 horas apos o treino e consistiu na re-exposicao a caixa de condicionamento por 5 minutos, sem apresentacao de som ou choque. 24 horas depois, os mesmos animais foram submetidos ao teste de condicionamento de medo ao som (CMS), o qual ocorreu em uma caixa modificada, com duracao de 5 minutos. Ao final do segundo e terceiro minutos, o mesmo estimulo sonoro apresentado no treino foi emitido por 30 segundos. O tempo de congelamento e o comportamento motor foram utilizados como medidas de condicionamento. No CMS, os ratos que receberam a microinfusao de muscimol no CI anterior e posterior apresentaram uma media de tempo de congelamento menor durante o periodo pos-som. Entretanto, no CMC nao houve diferencas entre grupos para ambas as subregioes do CI. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo indicam que a inativacao pos-treino do CI como um todo prejudica exclusivamente o CMS. Entretanto, o prejuizo deste tipo de memoria, provocado pela inativacao do CI posterior, foi maior, evidenciando, portanto, que esta subregiao esta mais importantemente envolvida na circuitaria neural responsavel pela consolidacao do medo condicionado a um estimulo sonoro discreto.
The insular cortex (IC), or insula, has achieved over the last years an eminent position in the scientific literature due to its involvement in emotional and cognitive processes. In the rat, as in humans, the IC can be divided into two functionally heterogeneous sub-regions. Although most animal studies have shown an involvement of the rostral subregion (anterior IC) in gustatory memory, others suggest a broader role in memory, ranging from object recognition to the processing of spatial and aversive memories. In addition, even though the most caudal area (posterior IC) seems to be involved in multisensory and nociceptive processing, very few studies have evaluated its role in mnemonic processes and the results so far are unclear. Nevertheless, no work, to the best of our knowledge, had investigated the specific role of both sub-regions of the IC on consolidation of fear conditioning tasks. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of temporary inactivation of the anterior and posterior IC on memory consolidation of contextual and tone fear conditioning tasks. 3-month-old male Wistar rats underwent stereotaxic surgery for implantation of bilateral guide cannulae aimed directly above the anterior or posterior IC. The animals were allowed at least 7 days of recovery and were handled once a day for 3 days prior to behavioral sessions. For the contextual and tone fear conditioning training session, the rats were individually placed in the conditioning box. After 120 seconds of free exploration, a tone (90 decibels, 2 kHz) was delivered for 30 seconds, coterminating with a footshock (0.7 mA, 1 s). Immediately after, each rat received a bilateral microinjection of muscimol (GABAergic agonist, 0.5 ìg/0.5ìL by hemisphere) or saline (control group) into the intended IC subregion. The contextual fear conditioning test (CFC) was performed 48 hours after training and consisted in the re-exposure to the conditioning box for 5 minutes, without delivery of tone and shock. After 24 hours, the same animals were submitted to tone fear conditioning test (TFC), which occurred in a modified chamber, for 5 minutes. At the end of the second and third minutes, the same tone stimulus presented in the training session was delivered for 30 seconds. Freezing time and motion behavior were used as measures of conditioning. In TFC, the rats that had received muscimol microinfusion into the anterior and posterior IC displayed a lower freezing time during the post-tone period. However, for both IC subregions, there were no differences between groups in the CFC. Thus, our findings indicate that the posttraining inactivation of both IC subregions impaired the TFC. However, the impairment in this kind of memory, caused by the the inactivation of the posterior IC, was higher, thus, highlighting that this subregion is more importantly involved in the neural circuitry related to the consolidation of the discrete tone conditioned fear.
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Sawamoto, Nobukatsu. « Expectation of pain enhances responses to nonpainful somatosensory stimulation in the anterior cingulate cortex and parietal operculum/posterior insula : an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study ». Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150507.
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Bouchatta, Otmane. « Sensibilisation à la douleur chez un modèle murin de troubles du déficit de l'attention et de l'hyperactivité ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0356/document.
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L’ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) est une maladie du développement caractérisée par l’impulsivité, l’hyperactivité, et l’inattention. Les voies neuronales impliquées dans ces déficits indiquent des dysfonctionnements dans les réseaux catécholaminergiques frontal-sous-corticaux, impliquant l'innervation dopaminergique et noradrénergique. Des études récentes ont mis en évidence une hypersensibilité à la douleur chez les patients ADHD et soulignent une possible comorbidité entre l’ADHD et la douleur. Cependant, les mécanismes et les circuits neuraux impliqués dans ces interactions sont inconnus. Afin de décrypter cette relation, nous avons généré un modèle ADHD de souris à P5 par une lésion néonatale des voies dopaminergiques centrales avec la 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) et nous avons démontré la validité du modèle pour mimer le syndrome ADHD. Ensuite, nous avons analysé les comportements douloureux dans le modèle de souris 6-OHDA. Ces derniers présentent un abaissement des seuils de la douleur, ce qui suggère que l’ADHD induit une sensibilisation à la douleur (comorbidité ADHD-Douleur). Nous avons confirmé à l’aide d’enregistrements extracellulaires unitaires, que les modifications de la sensibilité à la douleur des souris 6-OHDA sont dues à une augmentation de l’excitabilité des neurones nociceptifs de la moelle épinière. Cette sensibilisation passe donc par une altération de l’intégration sensorielle dans la moelle épinière via la mise en jeu de contrôles descendants. La connectivité "cortex cingulaire antérieur (ACC) – insula postérieur (PI)" est la clé dans cette comorbidité ADHD-douleur, impliquée dans les fonctions exécutives, les émotions et elle envoie aussi des projections vers la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière. En effet, en combinant les analyses électrophysiologiques, optogénétiques et comportementales, nous avons démontré que les effets de l’ADHD sur la sensibilisation douloureuse passent par la mise en jeu de l’ACC et de la voie ACC – PI. En conclusion, nous montrons que les conditions ADHD induisent une hyperactivation des neurones nociceptifs de la moelle épinière et une hypersensibilité à la douleur. Nous suggérons également que le circuit ACC – PI pourrait déclencher un dysfonctionnement des neurones de la moelle épinière sur la douleur dans les conditions ADHDAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by the core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Neural pathways underlying these deficits point to deficits within frontal-subcortical catecholaminergic networks, involving dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervation. Hence, impairment of the dopaminergic neurotransmission is a frequent target of ADHD medication. Low-dose psychostimulants, including methylphenidate (MpH) and amphetamines (AMP) are the most widely used treatments of ADHD. Recent evidence pointed to pain hypersensitivity in subjects with ADHD history, and suggests possible comorbidity of ADHD with pain. However, the mechanisms and neural circuits involved in these interactions are unknown. In order to understand this comorbidity, the first objective was to create a good animal model of ADHD. We generated a mouse model at P5 by neonatal disruption of central dopaminergic pathways with 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and we demonstrated the validity of the model to mimic ADHD syndrome. Next, we analyzed nociceptive responses in the 6-OHDA mouse model of ADHD. We found that 6-OHDA mice exhibited a marked decrease of withdrawal thresholds, suggesting that ADHD increase nociceptive sensitivity. Interestingly, by using in vivo electrophysiological recordings, we demonstrated that allodynia and hyperalgesia may be caused by neuronal hyperexcitability in the dorsal spinal cord. Moreover, we found that both lowered wihdrawal threshold and increased activity of nociceptive neurons in ADHD-like mice was not normalized by MpH. We tested the hypothesis that descending controls are responsible for pain alterations through the modulation of spinal circuits. The ‘anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) – posterior insular (PI)’ connectivity is at the cross-road of ADHD and pain, being involved in executive functions and emotions, as well as sending projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. By combining electrophysiological, optogenetic and behavioral analyzes, we have shown that the effects of ADHD on painful sensitization involve the implication of ACC and the ACC - PI pathway. In conclusion, we showed that ADHD conditions induce spinal cord nociceptive neurons hyperactivation and pain hypersensitivity. We also suggest that the ACC - PI circuit may trigger dysfunction of spinal cord neurons in ADHD conditions
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Bou, Sader Nehme Sarah. « Cortical mechanisms of comorbidity between pain sensitization and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a mouse model ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0488.
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Le trouble du déficit de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) et la douleur chronique sont deux syndromes complexes d’origine multifactorielle. Des études confirment une comorbidité entre ces deux pathologies. Cependant, les mécanismes ne sont toujours pas élucidés. Une hyperactivité des neurones de l’ACC et une dérégulation de la voie ACC-insula postérieure (PI) ont été démontrées dans un modèle de souris TDAH. La neuroinflammation serait impliquée dans cette concomitance. Notre hypothèse suggère que la neuroinflammation déclencherait une amplification de l’activité neuronale dans l’ACC, sensibilisant ainsi les voies impliquées dans les symptômes du TDAH et la perception douloureuse. Ce travail de thèse vise donc à identifier les mécanismes inflammatoires à l’origine du TDAH et de la sensibilisation douloureuse qui lui est associée, avec un intérêt porté sur le rôle du récepteur purinergique P2X4 dans cette comorbidité.Afin de répondre à cette question, nous avons généré un modèle de souris TDAH par injection unilatérale et intracérébroventriculaire de 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), à P5. D’une part, des souris sauvages mâles et femelles âgées de deux mois ont été sacrifiées, leurs cerveaux ont été extraits et leurs ACC et PI ont été disséqués. Des tissus fixés ont été utilisés pour des études morphologiques tandis que des tissus frais ont été utilisés pour des études transcriptomique, protéomique et phosphoprotéomique. D’autre part, des souris avec un knock-out total du récepteur P2X4 ont été soumises à des tests de sensibilisation à la douleur (thermique et mécanique) et d'hyperactivité. Les tissus provenant d’ACC fixés ont été utilisés afin d’étudier les changements morphologiques microgliaux tandis que des tissus provenant d’ACC et de PI fraîchement extraits ont été utilisés pour des analyses transcriptomiques.En ce qui concerne les marqueurs identifiés chez les souris modèles de TDAH, nos résultats démontrent (i) des changements dans la morphologie des cellules microgliale et astrocytaire, associés à une réactivité cellulaire, dans l'ACC des souris 6-OHDA, (ii) la présence d’un environnement pro-inflammatoire dans l'ACC et la PI des souris 6-OHDA, (iii) des modifications dans l'expression de multiples protéines et l’activité de plusieurs kinases (sérine-thréonine et tyrosine) dans l'ACC et la PI des souris 6-OHDA, associées à des altérations du guidage axonal, de l’apoptose, de la dynamique du cytosquelette, de cascades de signalisation, de neurotrophines et de neurotransmetteurs, et (iv) des variations des interactions neurones-glie, et en particulier de la communication entre les neurones et les astrocytes dans l'ACC des souris 6-OHDA. L'intégration des données a permis d'identifier quatre processus altérés dans l'ACC et la PI des souris mâles et femelles 6-OHDA : l'apoptose, le guidage axonal, la plasticité synaptique (potentialisation à long terme) et la croissance des prolongements neuronaux ; des processus précédemment associés au TDAH et aux douleurs chroniques. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent un effet délétère du récepteur P2X4 sur l’activité locomotrice des souris et la réactivité microgliale. Il exercerait néanmoins un effet protecteur en limitant l'expression de molécules pro-inflammatoires, probablement sécrétées par des cellules non-microgliales.En conclusion, nos travaux fournissent des pistes sur les mécanismes inflammatoires qui sous-tendent la comorbidité entre le TDAH et la sensibilisation à la douleur. Ces pistes devront ultérieurement être validées individuellement. Le maintien d’un environnement pro-inflammatoire dans l'ACC et la PI entraîne des changements dans certains processus synaptiques (potentialisation à long-terme, guidage axonal, croissance des composants neuronaux) et apoptotiques. Ces altérations modifieraient la connectivité cellulaire et l'activité neuronale, participant ainsi à la pathogenèse du TDAH et de la douleur chroniqueAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic pain are two complex conditions of multifactorial origins. Clinical and preclinical studies support an association between these two syndromes. However, the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity are not well understood. Previous findings from our team demonstrated a hyperactivity of the neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and a deregulation of the ACC-posterior insula (PI) pathway in ADHD-like conditions. Growing evidence also suggests a role for neuroinflammation in this concomitance. Our hypothesis thus suggests that neuroinflammation triggers an enhanced neuronal activity in the ACC that sensitizes pathways involved in ADHD symptoms and pain perception. Therefore, this Ph.D. work aims to elucidate the inflammatory mechanisms that may underlie ADHD and its associated pain sensitization, with an interest in the role of the purinergic P2X4 receptor.To address this question, we generated an ADHD-like mouse model through the unilateral intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at P5. Two-month-old wild-type male and female mice were sacrificed, their brains were extracted, and their ACC and PI were dissected. Fixed tissues were used to study microglial and astrocytic morphology while fresh tissues were utilized for transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic investigations. Moreover, mice with a total knock-out of the P2X4 receptor were tested for thermal and mechanical pain sensitization, in addition to hyperactivity. Fixed tissues of the ACC were used to study changes in microglial morphology while fresh tissues of the ACC and PI were utilized for transcriptomic analyses.Regarding the identification of inflammatory mechanisms in our ADHD-like mouse model, our results report (i) changes in microglial and astrocytic morphology, associated with cellular reactivity, in the ACC of 6-OHDA mice, (ii) the presence of a pro-inflammatory environment in the ACC and PI of 6-OHDA mice, (iii) modifications in protein expression and kinase (serine-threonine and tyrosine) activity in the ACC and PI of 6-OHDA mice, and correlated with impairments in axon guidance, apoptosis, cytoskeleton dynamics, signaling cascades, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitter systems, and (iv) alterations in protein interactions and, therefore, neuronal-astrocytic communication in the ACC of 6-OHDA mice. Finally, data integration identified four processes impaired in the ACC and PI of 6-OHDA males and females: apoptosis, axon guidance, synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation), and growth of neuronal components. Interestingly, alterations in these processes were not only linked to ADHD and chronic pain conditions but also associated with Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling cascades. Our findings also indicate a role for the P2X4 receptor in the worsening of ADHD hyperactivity symptom and the induction of morphological changes in microglial cells that correlate with cellular reactivity. However, it exerts a protective effect by limiting the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, possibly from non-microglial cells.In conclusion, our work provides interesting insights into the inflammatory mechanisms that may underpin the comorbidity between ADHD and pain sensitization. A mild and sustained pro-inflammatory environment in the ACC and PI drives changes in synaptic-related (long-term potentiation, axon guidance, outgrowth of neuronal components) and apoptotic processes. These impairments alter cell-cell connectivity and neuronal activity, thus participating in ADHD and chronic pain pathogenesis
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Thiaucourt, Margot [Verfasser], et Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Ende. « Magnetresonanzspektroskopie der posterioren Insula - Korrelation von GABA und Glutamat mit der Schmerzsensibilität bei Patientinnen mit Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung und gesunden Kontrollen / Margot Thiaucourt ; Betreuer : Gabriele Ende ». Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119910907X/34.
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Ferrier, Jeremy. « Douleurs neuropathiques induites par l'oxaliplatine. Physiopathologie et approches thérapeutiques ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1PP06/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’oxaliplatine, anticancéreux utilisé pour le traitement du cancer colorectal, est responsable d’une neurotoxicité périphérique dose-limitante affectant une grande majorité de patients. La neurotoxicité de l’oxaliplatine se présente sous deux formes : une forme immédiate, se traduisant par des paresthésies transitoires, et une forme retardée et cumulative, caractérisée par l’apparition d’une neuropathie périphérique douloureuse fortement invalidante. A l’heure actuelle, la prise en charge des douleurs neuropathiques est souvent incomplète, principalement à cause du manque de traitements efficaces et bien tolérés. Dans ce contexte, il existe un réel besoin d’innovation thérapeutique pour améliorer le traitement de ces neuropathies, nécessitant au préalable une meilleure compréhension de leur physiopathologie. La première partie de ce travail porte sur l’évaluation de l’effet d’une alimentation sans polyamines sur l’apparition et la chronicisation de la neurotoxicité de l’oxaliplatine chez le rat. En effet, en modulant positivement la sous-unité NR2B des récepteurs NMDA, les polyamines alimentaires pourraient faciliter la sensibilisation douloureuse. Un régime sans polyamines a permis de prévenir l’hypersensibilité thermique et mécanique induite par l’oxaliplatine. Bien que ces symptômes nociceptifs ne soient pas associés à une augmentation de l’expression de la sous-unité NR2B au niveau spinal, l’ifenprodil (antagoniste NR2B spécifique) permet d’en diminuer l’intensité de manière dose-dépendante. Enfin, une étude métabolomique réalisée par spectroscopie RMN du proton a montré que le régime sans polyamines permettait de réguler la neurotransmission excitatrice (glutamate) au niveau de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière des animaux, expliquant ainsi son effet antalgique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux mécanismes supraspinaux impliqués dans la neuropathie chronique induite par l’oxaliplatine, à l’aide d’une approche métabolomique par 1 H-RMN HRMAS. Cette étude a révélé d’importantes modifications métaboliques cérébrales chez les animaux traités par oxaliplatine, notamment une augmentation de la choline dans le cortex insulaire postérieur corrélée de manière significative aux seuils douloureux. Une analyse transcriptomique et pharmacologique a permis de mettre en évidence une implication de la neurotransmission cholinergique dans cette structure. Le ciblage pharmacologique de cette neurotransmission pourrait représenter une stratégie potentiellement intéressante pour le développement de nouveaux traitements antalgiques. L’ensemble de ces résultats expérimentaux a permis l’identification de nouvelles pistes pour la compréhension et le traitement des douleurs neuropathiques chimio-induites. Dans une perspective de recherche translationnelle, ces deux approches précliniques sont en cours de transposition dans des protocoles de recherche clinique. Un essai clinique de phase II (NEUROXAPOL, NCT01775449) a débuté afin de confirmer l’intérêt d’un régime appauvri en polyamines chez des patients recevant une chimiothérapie à base d’oxaliplatine. Une seconde étude clinique (INSULOX) est actuellement en cours de préparation au CHU de Clermont-Ferrand afin de mesurer par IRM les concentrations en choline dans l’insula de patients souffrant de douleurs neuropathiques induites par oxaliplatineOxaliplatin, an anticancer drug used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, is responsible for a dose-limiting peripheral neurotoxicity in the majority of treated patients. This neurotoxicity appears with two components: a rapid-onset acute neurotoxicity manifesting as transient paresthesias and cold-induced dysesthesias; and a late-onset cumulative neurotoxicity characterized by the development of a painful chronic neuropathy. To date, the management of chemotherapy- induced neuropathic pain is still challenging because of the lack of effective treatments. In this context, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this neurotoxicity could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets. Firstly, we aimed to assess the preventive effect of a polyamine deficient diet on the development of oxaliplatin-induced acute neurotoxicity. Exogenous polyamines, by positively modulating spinal NR2B-containing NMDA receptors, could facilitate pain sensitization. This study has shown that a polyamine deficient diet for 7 days totally prevented oxaliplatin-induced acute cold and mechanical hypersensitivity in rats. Although we observed no change in spinal NR2B expression or phosphorylation, intrathecal ifenprodil (a specific NR2B antagonist) reduced oxaliplatin-induced allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, proton NMR spectroscopy- based metabolomic analysis has revealed a regulation of spinal glutamate neurotransmission as the most likely mechanism underlying the preventive effect of the diet. Secondly, the metabolic variations associated with oxaliplatin-induced chronic neuropathy were assessed at the supraspinal level using a 1 H-NMR HRMAS-based metabolomic approach. Among the neurochemical changes evidenced in this study, we observed a significant increase in choline within the posterior insular cortex, significantly correlated with the mechanical pain thresholds. A transcriptomic and pharmacological approach have revealed an implication of cholinergic neurotransmission in this brain area. Targeting the cholinergic system using centrally active muscarinic agents could represent an interesting strategy for the treatment of oxaliplatin- induced neuropathic pain. These experimental results led to the identification of new molecular targets for the comprehension and the treatment of chemotherapy-associated painful neuropathy. In a translational approach, these preclinical data will be extended to the clinical setting. A phase II clinical trial (NEUROXAPOL, NCT01775449) is undergoing to confirm the therapeutic interest of a polyamine free diet in patients receiving oxaliplatin. A second clinical project (INSULOX) aiming at assessing the choline concentrations in the insula of patients suffering from oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy is in preparation
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Yeh, Han-Yuan, et 葉瀚元. « The Role of Posterior Insular Cortex in Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain ». Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42719224738618799550.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣大學
動物學研究所
101
Neuropathic pain is an intractable disease in daily life and clinical research. It can result in long-term changes in central nervous system. Insular cortex is a brain region participated in processing of different sensory modalities. Evidences have also shown that posterior insular cortex may be related to somatosensory perception especially in nociception. However, the role for how PIC contributes to the initiation or maintenance of neuropathic pain is less understood. In the present study, permanent lesion by NMDA excitotoxicity in PIC was used to assess the response to pain. Results showed that after PIC lesion in neuropathic rats, the mechanical threshold recovered gradually. The spontaneous paw lifting showed no improve, and withdrawal response to cold were transiently diminished. PIC pre-lesion resulted in less decreased mechanical threshold, and transient decrement of spontaneous paw lifting. However, there were faster development of cold allodynia. Tracer study revealed that PIC had a strong connection to posterior triangular thalamic nucleus and periaqueductal gray. These data suggested the partial role of PIC to maintain mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. Moreover, spontaneous pain, mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia of neuropathic pain might be differentially processed in the forebrain.
Livres sur le sujet "Posterior insula"
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Wilshire, Carolyn E. Conduction Aphasia : Impaired Phonological Processing. Sous la direction de Anastasia M. Raymer et Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Conduction aphasia is a syndrome characterized by impaired repetition in the context of relatively preserved auditory comprehension and fluent speech. The classical conceptualization of conduction aphasia as a disconnection syndrome has been undermined in recent years. Nevertheless, this diagnosis delineates a small subset of individuals with aphasia who have many common cognitive and anatomical characteristics. Conduction aphasia is associated with damage to a relatively narrow and well-defined group of left hemisphere brain structures, which may include the posterior superior temporal lobe, the inferior parietal lobe, and the insula. According to current cognitive neuropsychological frameworks, an impairment in phonological planning for speech production is the common underlying cognitive dysfunction in the majority of cases, which may sometimes be accompanied by an analogous impairment in receptive phonology. Other common features, such as sentence repetition problems and reduced short-term memory span, may be a secondary consequence of the primary phonological impairment. Current approaches to the treatment of conduction aphasia target the underlying impairment in phonological planning. It is argued that the diagnosis of conduction aphasia can be a useful first step toward understanding a person’s language difficulties and planning effective treatment interventions.
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Wittmann, Marc, et Karin Meissner. The embodiment of time : How interoception shapes the perception of time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0004.
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Within the framework of the embodiment of time, this chapter presents accumulating evidence of how interoception and associated brain networks process time. Functional MRI studies have shown that climbing neural activation in the posterior insular cortex correlates with stimulus duration in a time-estimation task in the multiple-second range. Given the close connection between the insular cortex and ascending body signals, the authors suggest that the accumulation of physiological changes in body states is the basis for the subjective impression of duration. Psychophysiological findings reveal linearly increasing cardiac periods and decreasing skin-conductance levels during duration-estimation tasks in the multiple-second range. Accordingly, the feeling for the passage of time at the present moment is based on the perception of the bodily self.
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Dixon, Sharon, et Sophie Roberts. Orthotics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0017.
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An orthotic is a custom-made insole which fits inside a shoe with the purpose of changing the way in which the foot functions during both standing and dynamic gait. There are many theories regarding the influence of these devices on the foot and lower limb. It is widely accepted that the fundamental principle is that an orthotic encourages a change in the movement pattern of the foot, aiming to alleviate stress to musculoskeletal structures, and produce changes in muscle firing patterns. An example of how an orthotic works is when one is used to change the functioning position of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot by altering the orientation of the calcaneus and potentially reducing the demand on the tibialis posterior tendon....
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Kendall, Tim. ‘Freely Proffered’ ? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806516.003.0008.
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Writing The Times obituary for Rupert Brooke, Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, contended that in times of crisis ‘no sacrifice but the most precious is acceptable, and the most precious is that which is most freely proffered’. In an age when faith in an afterlife was waning, a freely proffered sacrifice appeared especially virtuous. To praise it was, paradoxically, to insult it—hence the soldier’s insistence, in Brooke’s most famous sonnet, that posterity should remember him strictly according to his own stipulations: ‘think only this of me’. Brooke was a pioneer, understanding that his writings must articulate a new kind of sacrifice. His five sonnets of the sequence ‘1914’ were the first of any significance to be published by a soldier–poet who had seen active service. Dwelling on the reasons to fight and to die, they remained the most influential literary works during the war and afterwards.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Posterior insula"
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Allardyce, Thomas J., Giles R. Scuderi et John N. Insall. « The Insall-Burstein® Posterior Stabilized Condylar Knee Prosthesis ». Dans Surgical Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 67–74. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21714-2_8.
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Gerrans, Philip. « Depersonalization disorder ». Dans Anatomy of an Avatar, 91–110. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191994395.003.0005.
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Abstract In depersonalization disorder, patients feel detached from experience and report feeling ‘as if’ experience is not happening to them. There is no deficit of cognition or interoception, but there is a characteristic flattening or absence of affective feeling.The nature of the avatar as an anchor of allostatic inference, neurally realized by circuitry centred on the insula, provides an explanation. The posterior insula is a hub of bodily self modelling. The anterior insula is a hub that: (1) integrates bodily signals with higher-level cognitive and emotional processing and (2) in the process becomes a key substrate for self attribution of affective experience. When the anterior insula is unpredictably and intractably hypoactivated, the subject still feels her bodily experience as her own, but the affective dimension of self modelling is absent. She reports the result in the language of depersonalization.
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Craig, A. D. (Bud). « Bodily Feelings Emerge in the Insular Cortex ». Dans How Do You Feel ? Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156767.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter presents evidence that supports the idea that activity in the interoceptive cortex in the posterior insula is re-represented, integrated, and transformed in the middle and anterior portions of human insular cortex to generate the feelings that one experiences. It also explains how vivid feelings are generated in a model of interoceptive integration that engenders homeostatic sentience. The emergence of bodily feelings provides the foundation for the generation of emotional feelings in the anterior insular cortex as if they are feelings from the body. The chapter then describes the evidence for the embodiment of emotional feelings, including the recent use of Botox to elucidate central mechanisms for the facial feedback hypothesis.
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Job-Chapron, Anne-Sophie, Lorella Minotti, Dominique Hoffmann et Philippe Kahane. « SEEG in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ». Dans Invasive Studies of the Human Epileptic Brain, sous la direction de Samden D. Lhatoo, Philippe Kahane et Hans O. Lüders, 277–88. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198714668.003.0021.
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In the context of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), there are different scenarios where a stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) study must be strongly considered. This chapter reviews these situations, which include bitemporal epilepsy, unilateral lesional and non-lesional TLE, temporal ‘plus’ epilepsy (TPE), and pseudo-TLE. It also emphasizes why SEEG is especially appropriate to adequately sample all possible ictal generators, either temporal (amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, or temporal neocortex) or extratemporal (insula, orbitofrontal cortex, or posterior cingulate gyrus). It includes illustrative cases explaining why and how SEEG studies are designed, and provides examples of SEEG schemes and traces.
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Benarroch, Eduardo E. « Executive Control ». Dans Neuroscience for Clinicians, sous la direction de Eduardo E. Benarroch, 781–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190948894.003.0042.
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Attention, working memory, decision-making, and executive control are fundamental cognitive functions that involve large-scale networks largely defined on the basis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. These networks include areas of the lateral and medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, anterior, and midcingulate cortices, anterior insula, and lateral and medial posterior parietal cortices as well as areas of the temporal lobe and temporoparietal junction. These networks include the dorsal and ventral attention networks, frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular and salience control networks, and the default mode network. These networks are located along a hierarchical gradient of cortical organization. Dysfunction of large-scale cortical networks is a cardinal feature of neurodegenerative dementias and psychiatric disorders.
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Li, Xiujun, Zhenglong Lin et Jinglong Wu. « Language Processing in the Human Brain of Literate and Illiterate Subjects ». Dans Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 201–9. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch021.
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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET), much knowledge has been gained in understanding how the brain is activated during controlled experiments of language tasks in educated healthy subjects and in uneducated healthy subjects. While previous studies have compared performance between alphabetic subjects, few data were about Chinese-speaking individuals. In alphabetic subjects, studies indicate that the literates surpass the illiterates, especially in tasks involving phonological processing, and that different activation regions in fMRI are located between Broca’s area and the inferior parietal cortex, as well as the posterior-mid-insula bridge between Wernicke’s and Broca’s area. In Chinese subjects, the results were shown in silent word recognition tasks (the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyri) and in silent picture-naming tasks (the bilateral inferior/middle fontal gyri and left limbic cingulated gyrus). In this study, the authors use some recent fMRI data to investigate language processing in the human brain of literate and illiterate subjects.
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« 49 Posterior Peri-insular Quadrantotomy ». Dans Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery, sous la direction de Oğuz Çataltepe et George I. Jallo. Stuttgart : Georg Thieme Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0039-171681.
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Keller, Thomas, et Mark Miller. « Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ». Dans Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee, 539–47. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-1503-3.00056-1.
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Fanelli, Gregory C. « Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ». Dans Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee, 548–56. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-1503-3.00057-3.
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Kim, Sung-Jae, et Sung-Hwan Kim. « Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ». Dans Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee, 557–64. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-1503-3.00058-5.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Posterior insula"
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Dosualdo, Caique Alberto. « Reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome as a rare complication of oxaliplatin chemotherapy : a case report ». Dans XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.399.
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Introduction: The reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome corresponds to a clinical and radiological diagnosis marked by headache, altered mental status, reduced visual acuity and seizures, associated with vasogenic edema mainly in posterior white matter. It presents a large heterogeneity of etiologies, such as cytotoxic drugs, eclampsia, vasculitis, and nephropathies, with arterial hypertension being the most important. In that way, quick diagnostic investigation is necessary to provide a better prognosis. Case report: Case report of a patient who was in adjuvance combined chemotherapy, wich includes oxaliplatin, after pancreatic tumor resection, and presented reversible posterior encephalopathy as a treatment complication. The article was developed from data collection through literature review on the subject, as well as analysis of the patient’s medical records. We found the history of a patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection, who underwent adjuvant FOLFIRINOX combined chemotherapy, which contain oxaliplatin. After the first dose, the patient developed severe headache, mental confusion, left-sided motor deficit, and reentrant epileptic seizures, requiring orotracheal intubation due to a non-convulsive status epilepticus. Patient was investigated with brain resonance, wich showed cortical and subcortical hypersignal lesions in the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes, as well as in the thalamus and right insula, and normal cerebrospinal fluid at the first and seventh day. She was also investigated with a panel for autoimmune encephalitis antibodies, with a negative result. After withdrawal of chemotherapy, the patient evolved with a gradual improvement of symptoms and resolution of seizures within twenty days, and was referred for motor rehabilitation at discharge. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of the etiology contribute to a better prognosis for patients with reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome.
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Sodre, Maria Eduarda Japyassu, Maria Izabel Wanderley Bezerra, Juliana Oliveira Costa, Diego Shelman de souza Rosado Amaral, Vinicius Guedes Lima Bahia et Maria Isabel Dantas Bezerra Lyra. « Association between religious practices impact on cerebral neurophysiology and radiological expression : a systematic review ». Dans XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.667.
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Introduction: Debates around the correlation between neurophysiological processes and religious habits have gained ground in the research in neuroscience. Objective: To evaluate the impact of religious practices on brain physiology and correlate such behaviors and neuroimaging. Design and setting: It’s a systematic review without metanalysis in PUBMED database. Method: Data carried out in the period 2009 and 2020. Descriptors used: “neural correlates of religious, mystical experience” and “religious belief and neuroimaging”, combined with the Boolean operator “and”. Results: It was noted that the belief is associated with a greater signal in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, important place for self-representation, emotional associations, reward and goal-directed behavior. Neuroimaging indicated regions associated with these behaviors: pre-cuneiform, anterior insula, ventral striatum, anterior cingulate cortex and posterior medial cortex; nonreligious belief, conversely, registers more signs of memory in the left cerebral hemisphere. Additionally, there is an association between absence of religious practices and depression, anxiety, psychosis, pain disorders; it may have a beneficial impact on the pathogenesis and treatment of these conditions. Conclusion: Although it can be said that the impact exists, more research on the topic is necessary for interventions to have scientific plausibility. The results suggest brain regions involved in religious experience and the phenomenon must be perceived from a multidimensional perspective.
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Teixeira, Igor de Lima e., Marina Battaglini, Tarcisio Alvarenga et Patrick Sousa Santos. « Descartes’ error” : evidences for the role of brain regions and their connections in introspective thoughts and self-identity ». Dans XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.668.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: René Descartes was a French philosopher, considered the father of rationalism and one of the most important thinkers in history. Based on his methodical doubts’ technique, the author concluded that he exists as a thinking thing, that if “I think, therefore I am”. He establishes that he had no more doubts that he really existed as thought and as a body, however, he could not think that thought and body were two equal substances, since they had certain different properties, therefore, the author came to believe that mind and body were distinct substances. Since the 17th century, advances in neuroscience have helped to clarify which brain regions are involved in introspective and self-referential thinking. Methods: We reviewed through searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO and Scopus the brain regions involved in the self-referential and introspective thinking. Results: Recent studies show that self-referential and introspective thinking are located mainly in regions related especially to the Default Mode Network, mainly located in the frontal regions. Especially the “autobiographical self” shows greater activity in memory-related regions (hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortices), medial prefrontal cortex, and insula cortices, but the establishment of the “self” as the individual’s relationship to the world around it, uses regions related to exteroception, such as secondary and tertiary sensitive areas. For self-referenced thinking, there is greater engagement of the medial frontal cortex regions, more specifically in Brodmann’s area 10, and this structure is also related to the DMN. Conclusion: The advancement of neuroscience has allowed demonstrating that mental processes and thoughts happen as consequences of certain brain connections and processes. Thus, we ask poetic license to the great philosopher to say “the brain connections exist, therefore we think”.
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Lemos, Ana Flavia Andrade Ana Flavia Andrade, Helio Aquaroni Farão Gomes, Patrick Emanuell Mesquita Sousa Santos, Maria Clara Foloni, Rebeca Aranha Barbosa Sousa, Yasmim Nadime José Frigo, Tarcísio Nunes Alvarenga et al. « PRES in the context of an infectious insult ». Dans XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.683.
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Introduction: Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome is an acute/subacute clinical-radiological syndrome characterized by headache, changes in consciousness, seizures, focal neurological deficits, visual deficits and that may be preceded by uncontrolled blood pressure in the day before. It does not commonly occur concomitantly with prolonged infectious conditions. The most typical imaging finding is white matter edema in the posterior cerebral hemispheres. Treatment is based on adequate control of blood pressure and epileptic seizures, as well as metabolic and electrolyte control. The prognosis in most cases is excellent with significant improvement and complete reversal over days to weeks. Case report: Female, 37-year-old, after one month of underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was hospitalized due to a perirenal abscess, and treatment with antibiotics was initiated. During this treatment, she developed a sudden onset of bilateral amaurosis, continuous horizontal nystagmus, mental confusion, right upper limb weakness and hyperreflexia, in addition to an epileptic seizure and fencing response posture requiring intravenous phenytoin. Brain tomography demonstrated hypodensity in the occipital hemispheres and magnetic resonance imaging identified signal alteration in the white matter diffuse without diffusion restriction compatible with posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome. She evolved with adequate control of blood pressure and epileptic seizures, progressive improvement in visual acuity and muscle strength, until he returned to normality 10 days after the onset of symptoms. The antiepileptic drug was suspended, and she was discharged with antihypertensive medication. Conclusion: Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in conditions of sudden deficits and seizures, especially in this infectious context, because it is a reversible clinical condition with a good prognosis.
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Petrella, Anthony J., Alexandros Karmas, Richard C. Berger, Harry E. Rubash et Mark C. Miller. « The Effect of PCL Substitution on Patellofemoral Joint Forces and A/P Drawer in the Post-TKA Knee ». Dans ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0146.
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Abstract The decision to retain the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an issue of some debate. The use of a PCL substituting prosthesis relieves the surgeon of the task of properly tensioning the PCL and allows better surgical exposure (Scuderi and Insall, 1989). Moreover, in vitro studies of post-TKA PCL strain (Incavo et al., 1994) as well as clinical studies of TKA function (Worland et al., 1997) have failed to show a significant difference between PCL retaining and substituting knees. In some cases, however, patellofemoral joint (PFJ) complications such as stress fractures have been observed at a higher rate in the PCL substituting knee (Scuderi and Insall, 1989). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PCL substitution on PFJ forces and anterior-posterior (A/P) drawer. The study proceeded from the hypothesis that no differences between posterior stabilization and cruciate retention would occur.
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Sigal, Ian A., Hongli Yang, Michael D. Roberts, Claude F. Burgoyne et J. Crawford Downs. « Biomechanics of the Posterior Pole During the Remodeling Progression From Normal to Early Experimental Glaucoma ». Dans ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206518.
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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The loss of vision associated with glaucoma is due to damage to the retinal ganglion cell axons, which transmit visual information to the brain. Damage to these axons is believed to occur as the axons pass through the lamina cribrosa (LC), a connective tissue structure in the optic nerve head at the back of the eye. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) has been identified as the main risk factor for the development of the neuropathy, but the mechanism(s) by which a mechanical insult (elevated IOP) is translated into a biological effect (glaucomatous optic neuropathy) is not well understood.
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Kodiyalam, Sanjay, Michael D. Roberts, Ian A. Sigal, Richard T. Hart, Claude F. Burgoyne et J. Crawford Downs. « Large Scale Voxel-Based Finite Element Modeling of Normal and Early Glaucomatous Monkey Lamina Cribrosa ». Dans ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192984.
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Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Some of the chief clinical hallmarks of glaucoma are the permanent posterior cupping of the optic nerve head, in the posterior pole of the eye, and the accompanying damage to the lamina cribrosa — the fenestrated structure of connective tissue spanning the scleral canal that provides structural support to the axon bundles passing through it. While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is associated with this disease, its role remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that IOP-related stress and strain within the laminar connective tissue (LCT) underlie the onset and progression of glaucoma [1] and that they may be used to predict the location of axonal insult and the pattern of damage within the LCT.
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Kiriakidis, Kiriakos. « Particle Filter for Plasma Insulin Estimation ». Dans ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4179.
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Bergman’s Minimal Model (MM) captures simply but accurately the homeostasis of glucose and insulin in plasma. The MM has been proposed as an estimator of insulin for Diabetes Mellitus. Along this line of research, the present work takes into account the error between Bergman’s simple compartmental model and the complex physiologic system it depicts. The author employs a Particle Filter (PF) in order to construct the posterior probability density of insulin from data. As a sequential Bayesian estimator, the PF can handle nonlinear state equations, such as the MM, as well as non-Gaussian modeling error. These advantages of the PF over the Kalman Filter warrant further consideration for insulin estimation and, in turn, avoidance of hyperinsulinemia.
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Sosa García, Omar. « Fragmentos de identidad insular : paisaje y cultura local como herramientas para la planificación turística de Agaete y Alghero ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6351.
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Algunas ciudades históricas costeras, con cierto potencial de desarrollo turístico y arraigadas tradiciones culturales, necesitan una planificación adecuada para afrontar dicho desarrollo. La sobreexplotación de la franja costera impulsa el deterioro de los valores que la hacen diferentes de otros territorios, razón básica de su posible atractivo turístico. Así, bajo la consideración de que la cultura local y el paisaje están intrínsecamente unidos, influencian el evolución de dichas ciudades y territorios y pueden ser la base de un desarrollo turístico ambiental y socialmente sostenible, se plantea el análisis, en los casos de Agaete y Alghero, de toda forma de expresión de la tradición histórica local para componer la imagen contemporánea de su cultura, donde el paisaje sea el elemento articulador de los espacios en los que esta cultura se desarrolla, permitiendo la comprensión de su ordenación física a través del territorio y su posterior puesta en valor. Some coastal historic cities with certain potential of tourism development and strong cultural traditions need a proper planning able to tackle such development. Overexploitation of the coastal strip drives the deterioration of the elements that make it different from other territories, basic reason for its possible tourist attraction. Local culture and landscape are inextricably linked, influence cities and territories development and can be the basis of an environmentally and socially sustainable tourism development. So, with Agaete and Alghero as cases of study, analysis of all forms of expression of the local, historical tradition will set the contemporary image of their culture, where landscapes articulate spaces in which this culture is developed, allowing to understand its territorial structure and its subsequent revaluation.
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Aversa, María, et Pablo Del Río. « PUESTA EN VALOR DEL ESPACIO RIBEREÑO EN LOCALIDADES RURALES : Proyectos de paisaje en el partido de Alberti, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12637.
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The work presents a portfolio of landscape project ideas to value public river space in the Alberti district, Province of Buenos Aires. The territory of action is cut to rural localities linked to the Salado River and its tributaries contained by two main roads of national and provincial connectivity. As a result, a portfolio with fifteen project ideas was obtained that prefigures a comprehensive intervention strategy for the riverside space and nearby towns and, later, the evaluation carried out by the specialists in charge of the study and the municipal actors. With this input, four project ideas were defined according to weighting to prepare the preliminary projects at a later stage. Keywords: landscape, territorial planning, riverside, project ideas El trabajo presenta una cartera de ideas proyectos de paisaje para poner en valor el espacio público ribereño en el partido de Alberti, Provincia de Buenos Aires. El territorio de actuación se recorta a localidades rurales vinculadas al río Salado y sus afluentes contenidas por dos vías principales de conectividad nacional y provincial. Como resultado se obtuvo una cartera con quince ideas proyectos que prefigura una estrategia de intervención integral para el espacio ribereño y las localidades próximas y, posteriormente, la evaluación realizada por los especialistas a cargo del estudio y los actores municipales. Con este insumo se definieron cuatro ideas proyectos según ponderación para elaborar los anteproyectos en una etapa posterior. Palabras claves: paisaje, ordenamiento territorial, borde ribereño, ideas proyectos