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Reifsnider, KL, GP Sendeckyj, SS Wang, WS Johnson, WW Stinchcomb, NJ Pagano et MN Nahas. « Survey of Failure and Post-Failure Theories of Laminated Fiber-Renforced Composites ». Journal of Composites Technology and Research 8, no 4 (1986) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/ctr10335j.
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Bilic, Bojan. « (Post-)Yugoslav anti-war engagement : A research topic awaiting attention ». Filozofija i drustvo 22, no 4 (2011) : 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1104083b.
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(Post-)Yugoslav anti-war contention has remained an under-theorised topic almost twenty years after the end of the wars of Yugoslav succession. Rather than focusing on the ?ontogenesis? of individual pacifist enterprises, this paper examines the reasons for which (post-)Yugoslav anti-war activisms have been marginalised in recent East European sociological scholarship. I argue that a thorough appreciation of these phenomena requires a Yugoslav/regional approach which has not been favoured by post-Yugoslav social science scholars. This article also offers a critical reading of the existing attempts to theorise (post-) Yugoslav anti-war activisms. It criticises their failure to draw upon the rich conceptual ap?paratus of social movement theories developed within Western political sociology over the last couple of decades. In spite of the fact that the concept of ?social movement? may be contested in the context of post-Yugoslav anti-war engagement on the basis of its quantitative marginality, this should not deter (post-)Yugoslav social scientists from applying and refining Anglo-Saxon social movement theories in a culturally sensitive manner. Specific dynamics of anti-war activism occurring within an armed conflict has not been sufficiently studied. This is an important knowledge lacuna where regional sociologists could offer a substantive contribution.
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Faraj, Anwar M., et Tara T. Othman. « Post Positivism and Theoretical Debates in International Relations ». Journal of University of Human Development 4, no 2 (30 juin 2018) : 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n2y2018.pp61-68.
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This research deals with the problem of the failure of the positivist-rationalist theories of international relations (realism and liberalism) in predicting the end of the Cold War era and a deep understanding of the transformations that have taken place in the field of international relations. This has paved the way for the post- positivist trends, to show their influence in the fourth debate, and demonstrating their response to the challenges of the fifth debate in IR theories. Post-positivism rejected the using of the standards of proof associated with natural sciences in international relations in order to reach similar levels of interpretation, certainty and prediction. The post-positivists participated in the two last great debates of IR theories by emphasizing a number of points, the most important of which were: re-evaluation of the theories based on rational choice, review of the role and functions of theories: description, interpretation and prediction, Non-linearity as a description of contemporary international relations, and the inability of causation to explain the contemporary international relations.
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Fordahl, Clayton. « The post-secular ». European Journal of Social Theory 20, no 4 (13 mai 2016) : 550–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431016645821.
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In the twentieth century, the social scientific study of religion was dominated by debates surrounding secularization. Yet throughout its reign, secularization theory was subject to a series of theoretical and empirical challenges. Pronouncements of a forthcoming revolution in theory were frequent, yet secularization theory remained largely undisturbed. However, recent years have seen secularization theory decreased in status. Some have located its heir in the post-secular, yet the concept has invited fractious debate. This article surveys a range of engagements with the post-secular, seeking to identify convergences that sit beneath an otherwise divided field. While this survey reveals the failure of the post-secular to fully supplant secularization theory, it does find that central debates in the field today have departed significantly from earlier generations of scholarship, particularly in a reflexivity toward the field’s basic concepts, a skepticism of teleological theories of history, and a renewed focus on the relationship between religion and politics.
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Lebow, Richard Ned. « The long peace, the end of the cold war, and the failure of realism ». International Organization 48, no 2 (1994) : 249–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300028186.
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Three of the more important international developments of the last half century are the “long peace” between the superpowers, the Soviet Union's renunciation of its empire and leading role as a superpower, and the post-cold war transformation of the international system. Realist theories at the international level address the first and third of these developments, and realist theories at the unit level have made an ex post facto attempt to account for the second. The conceptual and empirical weaknesses of these explanations raise serious problems for existing realist theories. Realists contend that the anarchy of the international system shapes interstate behavior. Postwar international relations indicates that international structure is not determining. Fear of anarchy and its consequences encouraged key international actors to modify their behavior with the avowed goal of changing that structure. The pluralist security community that has developed among the democratic industrial powers is in part the result of this process. This community and the end of the cold war provide evidence that states can escape from the security dilemma.
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Kroon, David P., et Niels G. Noorderhaven. « The Role of Occupational Identification During Post-Merger Integration ». Group & ; Organization Management 43, no 2 (3 septembre 2016) : 207–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601116666168.
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Integration processes after mergers are fraught with difficulties, and constitute a main cause of merger failure. This study focuses on the human aspect of post-merger integration, and in particular, on the role of occupational identification. We theorize and empirically demonstrate by means of a survey design that employees’ identification with their occupation is positively related to their willingness to cooperate in the post-merger integration process, over and above the effect of organization members’ organizational identification. This positive effect of occupational identification is stronger for uniformed personnel but attenuates in the course of the integration process. Qualitative interviews further explore and interpret the results from our statistical analysis. Together, these findings have important practical implications and suggest future research directions.
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Cintron, Ruben. « What Impact Does Cultural Integration Have on Strategic Acquisitions ? » Muma Business Review 4 (2020) : 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4655.
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Strategic acquisitions continue to emerge as a critical business strategy to expand an organization’s sales, customer bases, and growth opportunities. However, research and anecdotal evidence highlights that many of the strategic acquisitions fail to achieve their stated financial and non-financial goals (Mirvis & Marks, 2011). Many theories constructed to explain this phenomenon. However, there are still no clear explanations for the high failure rate (Stahl & Voigt, 2008). Post-merger activities consist of many moving parts, and researchers have cited cultural integration as an area of impacting the success or failure of an acquisition.
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KUBICEK, PAUL. « The Commonwealth of Independent States : an example of failed regionalism ? » Review of International Studies 35, S1 (février 2009) : 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050900850x.
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AbstractThe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was designed to manage the collapse of the Soviet Union and foster post-Soviet cooperation in political, economic, and security spheres. Over a decade into its existence, most analysts would rate it a failure: many post-Soviet states do not participate in CIS ventures, the institutional machinery of the CIS is weak, and Russia, the most dominant post-Soviet state, has tended to favour bi-lateral relationships over multi-lateral institutions. Why is this the case? This article looks at the CIS through the prism of theories of regionalism, demonstrating that the CIS was handicapped on many fronts, including emergent multi-polarity in the post-Soviet space and domestic-level political considerations in many post-Soviet states.
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Erznkian, B. « Post-Socialist Privatization and Corporate Governance in the Light of Coase Theorem ». Voprosy Ekonomiki, no 7 (20 juillet 2005) : 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-7-121-135.
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Problems of verification of Coase theorem in general and in connection with post-socialist privatization and corporate governance in particular are considered in this article. The author discusses the position of W. Andreff presented in his paper (VE, 2001, No 12). The appeal to this theorem is actual because it has been used as the justification of post-socialist economies' privatization methods. Orthodox and heterodox views on privatization and corporate governance are explored. The author analyzes the reasons of reform failures in transitional economies and the ways of emerging markets development basing on two different models - oriented on stock market or banking activity.
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Jorge, Juan Pablo, et Federico Holik. « Non-Deterministic Semantics for Quantum States ». Entropy 22, no 2 (28 janvier 2020) : 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020156.
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In this work, we discuss the failure of the principle of truth functionality in the quantum formalism. By exploiting this failure, we import the formalism of N-matrix theory and non-deterministic semantics to the foundations of quantum mechanics. This is done by describing quantum states as particular valuations associated with infinite non-deterministic truth tables. This allows us to introduce a natural interpretation of quantum states in terms of a non-deterministic semantics. We also provide a similar construction for arbitrary probabilistic theories based in orthomodular lattices, allowing to study post-quantum models using logical techniques.
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Pandey, M. D., et M. A. Nessim. « Reliability-based inspection of post-tensioned concrete slabs ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no 1 (1 février 1996) : 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-025.
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In unbonded, post-tensioned prestressed concrete slabs and beams, corrosion of prestressed tendons due to moisture ingress and their subsequent breakage has been identified as a major problem raising serious concern over the safety of aged structures. The paper presents a practical Bayesian approach to reliability assessment of such structures based on the inspection of a randomly selected sample of prestressing tendons. To minimize inspection costs, clear guidelines are presented for selecting the minimum sample size necessary to demonstrate that the annual probability of failure of an existing structure is below the target value of 10−5, implied in the Canadian Standards Association concrete design code CAN3-A23.3-M84. A systematic and cost-effective incremental strategy is developed for inspection of existing prestressed concrete structures. Key words: reliability, Bayes theorem, prestressed concrete, unbonded post-tensioned system, inspection, corrosion, probability distribution, CSA Standard CAN3-A23.3-M84, slab.
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Usman, Zainab. « The Successes and Failures of Economic Reform in Nigeria’s Post-Military Political Settlement ». African Affairs 119, no 474 (13 décembre 2019) : 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adz026.
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ABSTRACT There are limitations in the explanatory power of prevailing theories on the political economy of Africa’s growth without industrialization that emphasize the resource-curse, ethnicity, neopatrimonialism, and the developmental state. This article uses a political settlements approach to explain the institutional underpinnings of Nigeria’s economic transition. It shows how external constraints on ruling elites interact with the distribution of power and institutions to stimulate episodic reforms in an ‘intermediate’ Nigerian state. Rather than a ‘developmental’ state presiding over industrial upgrading or a ‘predatory’ state operating solely on neopatrimonial basis, this intermediate state presides over selective reforms and bursts of economic growth and diversification. Thus, specific constraints in Nigeria’s post-military political settlement from 1999 generated the initial impetus for successful telecoms liberalization, while inhibiting growth in the oil sector. This article contributes to advancing the political settlements framework in applying it to resource-rich countries, by outlining the four dimensions of the distribution of power and the constraints for institutional persistence or change, and their varying economic implications. It also reclaims the concept of ‘elite bargains’ as a defining feature of the horizontal distribution of power and demonstrates its centrality to the durability or fragility of institutions, especially at critical junctures of resource booms and busts.
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Cui, Xinjie, Chuanlei Yang, Jose Ramon Serrano et Mingwei Shi. « A performance degradation evaluation method for a turbocharger in a diesel engine ». Royal Society Open Science 5, no 11 (novembre 2018) : 181093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181093.
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As one of the key systems of the marine power plant diesel engine, the turbocharger directly affects whether the diesel engine can continuously and stably provide the power required for the ship. Owing to a number of uncontrollable factors, such as harsh working conditions and complex structures, the turbocharger may have various failures, causing it to lose its intended function. At present, the fault diagnosis of the marine turbocharger has not been paid enough attention yet and in most cases, the method of ‘ex post diagnosis’ is still adopted. When analysing the nonlinear correspondence between the failure symptoms and failure causes, it is difficult for the existing theories to meet the actual diagnostic requirements. This paper introduces the concept of gas-path diagnosis into the condition monitoring for a marine turbocharger for the first time and proposes the flow capacity index which characterizes the flow capacity of the component and the isentropic efficiency index which characterizes the operating efficiency of the component as two dimensionless evaluation indicators for turbocharger health status. Moreover, the nonlinear mapping relationship between these two health parameters and the gas-path measurable parameters of the turbocharger is studied, and a novel performance degradation evaluation method for a turbocharger is established. The proposed method has been tested in three test cases where the degradation of a model turbocharger has been analysed. These case studies have illustrated that the proposed method can accurately isolate the degraded components and further quantify the degradation of the components.
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Copeland, Todd. « Learning to Be a Failure ». Renascence 73, no 2 (2021) : 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence20217328.
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Challenged by personal suffering and new influences, American poet James Wright dramatically changed the character of his poetry during the years between the respective publications of Saint Judas (1959) and The Branch Will Not Break (1963). The nature of this poetic evolution can be traced in Wright’s treatment of a few frequently employed images of transformation, specifically those involving blossoms and jewels—the energies of which are alternatingly embodied by the poet or found to be unavailable to him.
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Shanaev, Ivan N. « Modern views on the development of varicose and post-thrombotic diseases ». Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 27, no 1 (20 février 2020) : 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-1-105-125.
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Chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities include vascular pathologies within the venous system and exclude those, in which the veins suffer secondarily (chronic heart failure, iatrogenic damage, tumour occlusion). The main clinical and morphological forms of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities include: varicose veins, post-thrombotic disease and phlebodysplasia. Moreover, according to publications, varicose disease accounts for the main percentage of occurrence, i.e. from about 70 to 86 %. Post-thrombotic disease occurs from 14 to 29 % of cases and develops, as a rule, during the first two years after an episode of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities in 20–50 % of patients. These two diseases are the main reason for the development of chronic venous insufficiency with a significant decrease in working capacity and quality of life under the age of 60. Despite the achievements of modern science, the ethiopathogenesis of these diseases is yet to be understood. Instrumental diagnostics allows a pathological retrograde blood fl ow due to the failure of the valves of the venous system of the lower extremities to be determined. However, the issue of what is primary — valvular insufficiency or venous wall deformation — remains open at the present time. This article is devoted to a review of modern theories about the mechanisms underpinning the formation of valvular insufficiency in varicose and post-thrombotic diseases. The review also addresses systemic hemodynamic disorders (heart morphology and hemodynamics) against the background of chronic diseases of the veins of lower extremities.
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Azem, Ahmad Jamil. « The American intelligence breakdown in Iraq and the failure of the strategies of conflict ‘transformation’ ». Contemporary Arab Affairs 3, no 2 (1 avril 2010) : 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550911003741671.
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This paper shows how the American planning for the war in Iraq of 2003 lacked the use of major academic and scientific disciplines. Some basic theories and principles in the field of nationalism and ethnicity studies as well as the field of Middle Eastern studies were supposed to guide the planning for the post-war era in a better way. The goals of the war were originally very ambitious and included ‘conflict transformation’ which implies facilitating changes in the social and political structure of Iraq and the Middle East, but it has now changed to the more modest goal of ‘conflict management’ which focuses on containing violence.
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Marzaniar, Putri. « RESOLUSI KONFLIK DI ASIA : ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ACEH DAN SRI LANGKA ». Al-Ijtima`i : International Journal of Government and Social Science 8, no 1 (30 octobre 2022) : 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jai.v8i1.1943.
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The conflicts in Aceh and Sri Lanka share many similarities. However, there have been significantly different post-tsunami dynamics of conflict resolution in Aceh and Sri Lanka. In this article, the conflict resolution processes in Aceh and Sri Lanka will be compared. The main goals of this article are to (1) identify the main factors that failed to resolve the Sri Lanka conflict and the main factors that contributed to the successful post-tsunami resolution of the Aceh conflict, and (2) to determine whether the Sri Lanka conflict's failure to be resolved will repeat in Aceh if Aceh is faced with a similar natural disaster (tsunami). This article uses a qualitative approach with multiple case studies. As a result, the author uses a scientific model that includes additional concepts, expert opinions, and theories about conflict resolution to comprehend and analyze the resolution of the Aceh conflict and the conflict in Sri Lanka. These findings demonstrate that the success or failure of post-disaster resolution in two areas depends critically on the level of trust between conflicting parties. As a reaction, the violations of the Helsinki Accords' terms are more likely to trigger a third wave of conflicts than future natural disasters In Aceh.
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Dagunduro, Adebukola, et Adebimpe Adenugba. « Failure to Meet up to Expectation : Examining Women’s Activist Groups in the Post-Colonial Period in Nigeria ». Open Cultural Studies 4, no 1 (4 mai 2020) : 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2020-0003.
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AbstractWomen’s activism within various ethnic groups in Nigeria dates back to the pre-colonial era, with notable heroic leaders, like Moremi of Ife, Amina of Zaria, Emotan of Benin, Funmilayo Kuti, Margaret Ekpo and many others. The participation of Nigerian women in the Beijing Conference of 1995 led to a stronger voice for women in the political landscape. Several women’s rights groups have sprung up in the country over the years. Notable among them are the Federation of Nigerian Women’s Societies (FNWS), Women in Nigeria (WIN), Kudirat Initiative for Democracy (KIND) and Female in Nigeria (FIN). However, majority have failed to actualize significant political, social or economic growth. This paper examines the challenges and factors leading to their inability to live up to people’s expectations. Guided by patriarchy and liberal feminism theories, this paper utilizes both historical and descriptive methods to examine these factors. The paper argues that a lack of solidarity among women’s groups, financial constraints, unfavourable political and social practices led to the inability of women’s groups in Nigeria to live up to the envisaged expectations. The paper concludes that, for women’s activist groups to survive in Nigeria, a quiet but significant social revolution is necessary among women. Government should also formulate and implement policies that will empower women politically, economically and socially.
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Tierney, Kathleen, et Anthony Oliver-Smith. « Social Dimensions of Disaster Recovery ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 30, no 2 (août 2012) : 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701203000210.
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Research on disaster recovery has moved beyond earlier uni-dimensional, stage-oriented, and linear conceptualizations and toward approaches that recognize variability, social inequality and diversity, and disparities in recovery processes and outcomes. Theory development has been hampered by the lack of a systematic comparative focus and a failure to contextualize recovery within broader global and societal conditions and trends. Recovery theories should take into account a range of factors that include (1) pre-disaster factors that shape vulnerabilities and exposures at multiple scales, such as indicators of social and economic well-being and governmental capacity; (2) disaster impacts and their implications for recovery; (3) immediate post-impact responses; and (4) post-disaster variables such as the quality of governance systems; institutional capacity; civil society-state relationships; systems of social provision; the appropriateness, coverage, and equity of recovery aid; and post-disaster conditions, trends and events that occur independently of disasters but that also shape recovery processes and outcomes.
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Piperno, Martina. « Giambattista Vico's ‘Constructive’ Language and its Post-Revolutionary Readers ». Comparative Critical Studies 15, no 2 (juin 2018) : 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2018.0292.
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Reprinted in 1801, Vico's New Science (originally published 1744) had a profound impact on Bourbon Restoration culture, particularly in Italy and France, where it touched post-revolutionary readers profoundly. The reasons for Vico's revival in the early nineteenth century relate closely to the trauma of the political and social changes of that era. Vico's readership seems to have had significant peaks during periods of rapid social transformation: nineteenth-century readers reread the New Science in an attempt to find the reasons for revolutionary failure, and to relate the terror, the sense of displacement, failure and trauma to recognizable laws, promising that, after a crisis, a period of renaissance must necessarily follow. This article analyses the hermeneutic practices of some post-revolutionary readers of Vico (Carlo Cattaneo, Vincenzo Cuoco, Giuseppe Ferrari, Ugo Foscolo, Francesco Lomonaco) and suggests a comparison with the practices of readers during the Second World War (Eric Auerbach, Carlo Levi, Mario Fubini). By doing so, I propose an interpretation of Vico's New Science as a ‘posthumous’ book, acquiring special shades of significance when its readers experience the feeling that nothing will ever be like before, and meditate upon it in isolation, in fear, in exile, upon return from the front, and in prison.
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Carroll, M. M. « Mechanics of Geological Materials ». Applied Mechanics Reviews 38, no 10 (1 octobre 1985) : 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143685.
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Needed advances in various areas of energy resource recovery, underground construction, earthquake hazard reduction, and conventional and nuclear defense depend critically on the development of improved theories for mechanical and thermal behavior of geological materials. The areas include oil and gas (including off-shore and Arctic production), mining and in situ recovery, geothermal production, nuclear waste isolation, under-ocean tunneling, underground storage, nuclear test containment, and effects of surface explosions. The needed developments, some of which are detailed in earlier National Academy of Science reports, include constitutive theories for inelastic deformation, failure, and post-failure behavior, influence of microstructure and macrostructure, rock fracture (direct breakage, hydraulic fracture explosive fracture), frictional sliding, soil liquefaction, mechanics of ice, determination of in situ conditions, flow through porous media, and thermal effects. Advances in mechanics of geological materials will require adaptation of some established techniques in rheology, metal plasticity, composite materials, mixtures, etc., and also the development of some entirely new ideas and methods. The complicated nature of rocks and soils, the wide ranges of stress, temperature, strain rate, etc., the interactions encountered in geotechnical processes, and the vastly different dimensions and time scales involved, lead to a host of challenging problems in solid mechanics.
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Helgesson, Stefan. « Post-anticolonialism ». PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no 1 (janvier 2017) : 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2017.132.1.164.
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In the wake of 9/11, from an already distant moment of globalization (before we even knew words like anthropocene or Facebook), Arif Dirlik asked if postcolonial critique hadn't failed to take the rapidly evolving new modalities of capitalism into account. By foregrounding the experience of colonialism so insistently, postcolonialism risked cultivating “an exaggerated view of the hold of the past over contemporary realities, and an obliviousness to the reconfiguration of past legacies by contemporary restructurations of power” (“Rethinking Colonialism” 429). What it had achieved, however, was an interrogation of “fundamental contradictions in an earlier discourse on colonialism,” whereby the meaning of colonialism had shifted from the post-1945 Manichaean narrative to something far more ambiguous (431). As a consequence, even anticolonial nationalism, which had largely been shaped by native functionaries of colonial rule, came to be understood as a product of colonialism. Frantz Fanon was among the first to confront this problem (119–99). But when his alternative vision of an organic nationhood developing out of the rural peasantry failed to emerge, the intellectual legacies of anticolonialism were, unsurprisingly, subjected to sustained interrogation. Indeed, Dirlik attributes such a reorientation in post-colonial criticism precisely to the failures of postcolonial regimes (“Rethinking Colonialism” 434).
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Roumasset, James. « Wither the Economics of Agricultural Development ? » Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 7, no 1 (15 juin 2010) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2010.7.1.1.
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In spite of a healthy demand for a renaissance in economic policy for agricultural development, the academic supply response is found wanting. The infusion of public economics into the economics of agricultural development, which thrived during the 1970s and 1980s, has stagnated due to the lack of foundations in transaction costs, dynamics, and the co-evolution of specialization and governance. Many of the policy ideas found in the World Bank's WDR 2008, for example, reflect a post-modern tendency to seek and destroy market failures with new mandates and subsidies for farmer cooperatives, microfinance, crop insurance, and land reform. The new development microeconomics favors form over substance and overemphasizes multiple equilibria, trap theories, new market failures, and the new case for social insurance. Empirical research has likewise suffered from the quest for clever instruments and methods instead of informative results that estimate parameters of established theories, distinguish between competing theories, or challenge theory to explain empirical patterns. These latest fads and fancies have distracted economists from the quest for fundamental explanations of development patterns, especially the nature and causes of specialization as an engine of growth. The stage is set for young dynamic scholars to develop new tools of analysis to explain empirical patterns in behavior and organization in developing agriculture and to build the foundations of a public microeconomics of development.
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Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. « Does realism explain the Arab Spring ? Neorealist alliance formation theories and the Syrian civil war ». International Journal : Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 76, no 2 (juin 2021) : 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207020211021566.
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Dominant International Relations theories—realism/neorealism, liberalism/neoliberalism, and constructivism—have so far developed no rigorous theoretical attempts to interpret the Arab Spring, though some marginal efforts have been made to critique the failure of realism to interpret this historical development. This article presents a neorealist interpretation of the Arab Spring focusing on the Syrian civil war, where conflicts between the pro- and anti-status quo forces have unfolded in alignments and counter-alignments centering around rival domestic and external groups. To explain the involvements of rival alliances in the post-2011 Syrian conflict, namely, the United States–Saudi Arabia–Israel alliance and the Russia–Iran–Syria alliance, this analysis employs neorealist theories of alliance formation—the balance of power and balance of threat theories—as articulated by Kenneth Waltz and Stephen Walt, respectively. The dynamics of these formations in Syria lend more support to Walt’s theory that states balance against threats rather than against power. The complex nature and dynamics of the Syrian war, however, calls for refinements of Walt’s balance of threat theory. Accordingly, the article also explores various refinements of Walt’s theory to better explain future complex civil wars involving highly polarized domestic and external parties.
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Tsivolas, Eleftherios, Leonidas N. Gergidis et Alkiviadis S. Paipetis. « Prediction of damage mechanisms of cross-ply composite materials using novel non-linear multiscale methodologies ». Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 29, no 8 (10 novembre 2021) : 085015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-651x/ac325d.
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Abstract In the present work, a novel multiscale material methodology is applied to a finite element mesh of a cross-ply composite material in tension in order to study the progressive damage and failure of the material at multiple scales by combining damage evolution models and failure criteria in microscale and cohesive zone modeling in macroscale. The micromechanics user material (Umat) developed follows a nonlinear version of the Mori–Tanaka theory and is coupled with mesoscale damage model. The concept of this user material is to dehomogenize-localize the strain tensor at each integration point for each time increment using Eshelby’s theories and strain concentration tensors. This material implementation allows the researcher to analyze results at two scales in the post processing stage, both for the composite material and the constituents for each time increment. It is observed that in the multiscale model the results are closer to the experimental measurements and even more damage mechanisms can be predicted, such as matrix damage and fiber failure. The developed multiscale methodology is advantageous since the constituents can follow different material models, with many failure criteria. It is also capable of predicting stresses, strains, plastic strains and more analysis variables not only in the macroscale-homogeneous level but also in microscale constituent-wise level.
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Brugger, Philipp, Andreas Hasenclever et Lukas Kasten. « Theorizing the Impact of Trust on Post-Agreement Negotiations : The Case of Franco-German Security Relations ». International Negotiation 18, no 3 (2013) : 441–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341265.
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AbstractIn this article we argue that trust is fundamental to post-agreement negotiations in the field of international security. We present our concept of interstate trust and discuss its relation to two core mechanisms of international cooperation: control and policy integration. Our main hypothesis is that growing trust reduces a dyad’s reliance on control and leads to intensified policy integration. To specify how the trust-control nexus and the trust-integration nexus structure post-agreement negotiations, we first assume that post-agreement negotiations are likely to follow interstate crises. Second, we theorize crisis reactions and differentiate between low-trust and high-trust situations. In low-trust situations, a crisis indicates a failure to control the actions of others. As a response, demands for institutional reform will stress new and improved control mechanisms. In high-trust situations, the trusting bias defuses most of the doubts about the other’s cooperative preferences and points to miscommunication as the principal issue. Therefore, negotiations will be about intensifying policy integration. States do so for three purposes: sustaining valuable integration, overcoming the crisis, and building trust. As a first plausibility probe for our argument, we look at post-agreement negotiations between France and Germany.
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Singh, Shaminder, Lin Yang, Sonia Butalia, Hude Quan et Tanvir C. Turin. « Identifying the facilitators, constraints and barriers of community indoor walking programmes : protocol for a realist synthesis ». BMJ Open 10, no 7 (juillet 2020) : e034342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034342.
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IntroductionPhysical inactivity is a costly and leading health risk factor. Engaging in moderate or more intense regular physical activity reduces premature mortality at the population level. Walking is a viable option for achieving the recommended level of physical activity. Yet, the sedentary lifestyle is trending. Determinants of physical activity may be personal, social or environmental. Health promotion endeavours aiming to enhance population-level physical activity are reported in the literature. However, a full range of factors influencing the development and implementation of sustainable indoor walking programmes is unclear. The current review protocol is aimed at describing a process of realist synthesis to uncover contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of indoor walking intervention programmes, which might reveal facilitators, constraints and barriers of planning, implementing and participating in indoor walking initiatives open for the members of the general public.Methods and analysisWe will employ a realist synthesis to determine successes or failures in certain circumstances for specific stakeholders, which will aid in developing a sustainable mall walking health promotion and community engagement programme. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method articles and reports will be screened for intervention theories and models in order to identify elements of programmes that may be linked to the success or failure of the interventions. Data related to the context, mechanism and outcome of the interventions will be collected, analysed and synthesised iteratively until a theoretical understanding develops, which might explain the intricacies of the success and failure of identified indoor walking programmes. The review process will be conducted and evaluated by using the recommended tools.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval, such as Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, was not required for this study because no direct interaction with patients will occur for data collection and analysis. We will disseminate directly to the scholarly community through publication and presentation and may post on social media or websites.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020150415.
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Oberoi, Swati, Smita Srivastava, Vishal K. Gupta, Rohit Joshi et Atul Mehta. « Crowd Reactions to Entrepreneurial Failure in Rewards-Based Crowdfunding : A Psychological Contract Theory Perspective ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no 7 (8 juillet 2022) : 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15070300.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rewards-based crowdfunding (RBC) has recently gained popularity as an alternative means of finance to help entrepreneurs bring novel projects to life. We theorize that crowdfunding backers perceive an implicit psychological contract with campaign creators. When promised rewards fail to materialize post fundraising, backers may perceive entrepreneurs’ failure to deliver rewards as a violation of their psychological contract with him or her. Drawing on psychological contract theory and using Eisenhardt’s comparative case methodology, we generate insights about crowd reactions to creators’ failure to deliver rewards to backers. Our research generates the novel insight that in the event of delivery failure, backers who perceive a transactional psychological contract with creators are more likely to display negative emotional reactions, while backers who perceive a relational psychological contract are more likely to display positive emotional reactions. Furthermore, we identify three progressive stages of backers’ interaction with creators in failed RBC campaigns, ‘committing’, ‘crisis handling’, and ‘coping-up’ and highlight the crowds’ emotional valence associated with each stage. Our analyses of the campaign comments reveal insights of interest to RBC players and hold implications for the future development of crowdfunding.
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Besteman, Bethany C. « Bondage of the Will : The Limitations of Political Theology in Measure for Measure ». Religions 10, no 1 (3 janvier 2019) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10010028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Although Peter Lake and Debora Shuger have argued that Measure for Measure is hostile to Calvinist theology, I argue that the play’s world presents a Reformed theo-political sensibility, not in order to criticize Calvinism, but to reveal limitations in dominant political theories. Reformed theology informs the world of the play, especially with regards to the corruption of the human will through original sin. Politically, the sinfulness of the human will raises concerns about governments—despite Biblical commands to obey leaders, how can they be trusted if subject to the same corruption of will as citizens? Close analysis of key passages reveals that while individual characters in Measure suggest solutions that account in part for the corruption of the will, none of their political theories manage to contain the radical effects of sin in Angelo’s will. Despite this failure, restorative justice occurs in Act 5, indicating forces outside of human authority and will account for the comedic ending. This gestures towards the dependence of governments in a post-Reformation world on providential protection and reveals why the Reformed belief in the limitations of the human will point towards the collapse of the theory of the King’s two bodies.
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Elle, Serge Messomo. « The role of corporate governance in management of physical public infrastructures in some selected Sub-Saharan African countries ». Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 6, no 1 (22 juin 2022) : 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v6i1.1382.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study used the case study research design to achieve its objective. Secondary data were collected from five public infrastructures in five African countries made up of Cameroon, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mozambique. The analysis focused on the failures and successes in planning, development, and operation of public infrastructure according to the tenets of corporate governance theories chosen. The findings revealed that the failures in public infrastructure management as observed in three of the five cases studied, namely, the Olembe Stadium in Cameroon, the Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project in Zimbabwe, and the Queen Mamohato Memorial Hospital in Lesotho, originated mostly from the planning and development stages. On the other hand, the success recorded in two cases, which are Mozambique’s Maputo Development Corridor and Zambia’s Chirundu One-Stop Border Post, are attributable to the fact that they are governed by clear coordination in all stages of the public infrastructure management process with the clear involvement of all the stakeholders.
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Carey, G. F., et M. Ma. « Joint elements, stress post-processing and superconvergent extraction with application to Mohr-Coulomb failure ». Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 15, no 5 (mai 1999) : 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0887(199905)15:5<335 ::aid-cnm248>3.0.co;2-i.
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Rothberg, M. « A Failure of the Imagination : Diagnosing the Post-9/11 Novel : A Response to Richard Gray ». American Literary History 21, no 1 (19 août 2008) : 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajn040.
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ASHTON, NIGEL JOHN. « A MICROCOSM OF DECLINE : BRITISH LOSS OF NERVE AND MILITARY INTERVENTION IN JORDAN AND KUWAIT, 1958 AND 1961 ». Historical Journal 40, no 4 (décembre 1997) : 1069–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007401.
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This article reinterprets the post-Suez British role in the Middle East through a comparison of the military interventions in Jordan in 1958 and Kuwait in 1961. Moreover, it places these operations in the broader context of the debate about British decline. It is argued that in addition to the familiar constraints on British action imposed by limited resources and the changing international climate, the projection of power in the region proved to be a great test of nerve for British ministers and officials. Paradoxically, this proved to be true as much of the successful interventions in Jordan and Kuwait as of the earlier failure over Suez. Utilizing very recently released documents from British and American archives, the article aims to shed light on the dynamics of decline at the microcosmic level, in the belief that insights gleaned here may well be of value in revising macrocosmic theories of the process.
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Yuen, Terry Y. P., Cheng-An Tsai, Trissa Deb, Yu-Hsiang Lin, June Nyienyi, Kai Tai Wan et Qunxian Huang. « Large Structural Shear Deformation and Failure Monitoring Using Bend Losses in Polymer Optical Fibre ». Sensors 20, no 1 (29 décembre 2019) : 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010195.
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Rapid identification of structural damage positions is essential to the post-disaster rehabilitation of structures and infrastructures. Large shear deformation, e.g., shear failure of bridge piers, shear-slip of slopes, and shear cracking of structural walls, is often the cause of structural instability. Distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) techniques have an advantage over point-based sensors in terms of spatial continuous structural condition monitoring. This paper presents the development of new measurement theory and algorithm to evaluate the structural shear deflection based on the large beam deflection and optical bend loss theories. The proposed technique adopted a photon-counting Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (ν-OTDR) with polymer optical fibres (POFs) which has a large deformation measurement range and high spatial resolution. In the experiment, shear deformation events can be successfully detected and evaluated from the proposed technique. When the normalised shear deformation is larger than 0.2, both the event locations and the magnitudes can be accurately determined. When normalised shear deformation is lesser than 0.2, the error in the magnitude evaluation increased, but the event location can be found with an absolute error <0.5 m. Multiple shear events can be treated as independent events when they are separated by more than 5 m. Various configurations of POFs attached to concrete beam specimens for rupture failure monitoring were also studied. The configuration that could maximise the POF curvature at the beam failure produced the largest ν-OTDR signals. In other configurations in which the POFs were only stretched at failure, the signals were less strong and were influenced by the POF-structure bonding strength.
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Sheth, Kruti, Daniel Smith, Raffaele Girlanda et Catherine Broome. « Identifying Post Transplant Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Small Bowel Transplant Patients : A Retrospective Analysis ». Blood 124, no 21 (6 décembre 2014) : 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4212.4212.
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Abstract Post transplant thrombotic microangiopathy (PT-TMA) has been recognized for over 25 years. The exact incidence of PT-TMA in small bowel transplant (SBT) patients is unknown with reports varying from 4% to greater than 30%. One of the contributors to the differences in reported occurrence rates is the continued debate regarding the definition of PT-TMA. There is a growing consensus that PT-TMA is complement mediated and therefore can be defined by the same criteria as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). AHUS is a complement mediated TMA defined by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia (TCP), and end organ damage. We have previously demonstrated that the initiation of eculizumab in post-transplant aHUS (PT-aHUS) has led to improved outcomes in these patients. We believe that establishing reliable diagnostic criteria that can be utilized in the post transplant period will lead to earlier recognition and treatment which will decrease the high mortality rate associated with PT- aHUS. METHODS: This retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate whether we could identify a set of laboratory criteria that would reliably predict patients who are at higher risk of developing of aHUS in the pre-transplant or early post transplant period. Records of the forty-eight patients who underwent SBT at our institution between 2011 and 2013 were reviewed. Laboratory values were collected at three predetermined time points: pre-transplant (during transplant evaluation), 1-month post-transplant, and 6-12 months post-transplant. The criteria we designated for establishing a diagnosis of aHUS included fulfillment of all four of the following parameters at either the 1 month or 6-12 month time point: (1) 25% or greater decrease in platelet count from pre-transplant baseline, (2) serum creatinine increase of greater than 0.3 mg/dL from pre- transplant baseline, (3) haptoglobin of less than 50 mg/dL, and (4) LDH of greater than 250 units/L. Fisher exact test was used to find any statistical difference between the development of PT-aHUS and patient demographics and recorded cause of small bowel failure. RESULTS: One patient was not included in the analysis due to immediate graft failure. Eight of the remaining 47 patients (17%) met the defined criteria for aHUS post transplant. Three of the 8 patients who met the defined aHUS criteria were diagnosed clinically with aHUS and were treated with eculizumab. The remaining 5 who met the defined laboratory criteria for aHUS but were not clinically diagnosed had the following outcomes: 2 patients died due to multi organ failure, 2 have ongoing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and TCP and 1 pediatric patient is doing well. Three patients who did not meet the defined laboratory criteria for aHUS were clinically diagnosed with aHUS and treated with eculizumab. Figure 1 There were two significant pre transplant demographic associations that were identified by Fisher exact test with developing aHUS after SBT: age > 18 (RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29-7.29, p=. 02) and ischemic bowel event preceding small bowel failure (RR 3.90, 95% CI 1.33-14.81, p=. 02). Figure 1. There were two significant pre transplant demographic associations that were identified by Fisher exact test with developing aHUS after SBT: age > 18 (RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29-7.29, p=. 02) and ischemic bowel event preceding small bowel failure (RR 3.90, 95% CI 1.33-14.81, p=. 02). CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing the proposed criteria for defining PT- aHUS the incidence of PT- aHUS was 17% in our series, consistent with prior reports of PT- TMA in SBT patients. This incidence is higher than reported in renal transplant patients, suggesting some unique correlation between SBT and PT-aHUS. Multiple theories can be proposed for the etiology of complement dysregulation: (1) higher doses of immunosuppression (calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) based) required in small bowel recipients may augment endothelial damage and increase complement activity, (2) the transplanted organ itself may be more immunogenic and increase complement activity, (3) CNIs may deregulate T cell-complement homeostasis. The adult patients who met our criteria for PT-aHUS, but were not clinically recognized and treated had worse outcomes indicating a need for early diagnosis and treatment. The finding that an ischemic event as the etiology for small bowel failure is associated with an increased relative risk of developing post transplant aHUS is thought provoking and suggests that in some patients, bowel ischemia may actually be the initial TMA manifestation of aHUS. Pre-transplant evaluation of this subset of patients for the presence of known mutations in complement regulatory genes may be warranted. Disclosures Broome: Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.
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Liu, Tai, Guangyu Fu, Yawen She et He Tang. « Post-seismic crustal internal deformation in a layered earth model ». Geophysical Journal International 226, no 3 (20 avril 2021) : 1584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab156.
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SUMMARY This study introduces a novel method for computing post-seismic crustal internal deformation in a layered earth model. The surface dislocation Love number (DLN) calculated by the reciprocity theorem was implemented as the initial value. Furthermore, numerical integration of the value from the Earth's surface to the interior was undertaken to obtain the internal DLN. This method does not require a combination of the general solution and particular solution for the calculation of internal deformation above the seismic source, thus avoiding the loss of precision. When the post-seismic deformation within a certain period is calculated, the particular solutions at the beginning and end of the considered period cancel each other. This simplifies the calculation of post-seismic internal deformation. The numerical results depict that as the degrees increase, the post-seismic DLN reaches stability in a shorter interval of time. Thus, for improved efficiency of the post-seismic internal deformation calculation, the post-seismic DLNs should be calculated within 2000 degree and integrated with the coseismic results. As an application, the post-seismic Coulomb failure stress changes (∆CFS) induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in the near field around the Japanese archipelagos and two major faults in Northeast China were simulated. The results exhibit that the ∆CFS values in the near field agree well with those simulated by the method in a half-space layered earth model, thus verifying the present method. The coseismic ∆CFS on the Mishan-Dunhua fault in Northeast China, as an example, is only 0.094–0.668 KPa. However, the ∆CFS caused by the viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle within 5 yr following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki event on the same fault exceeds the coseismic results. Therefore, the cumulative effect of the viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle is deserving of attention.
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De Raedt, Hans, Kristel Michielsen et Karl Hess. « The photon identification loophole in EPRB experiments : computer models with single-wing selection ». Open Physics 15, no 1 (22 novembre 2017) : 713–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0085.
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AbstractRecent Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments [M. Giustinaet al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 250401 (2015); L. K. Shalmet al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 250402 (2015)] that claim to be loophole free are scrutinized. The combination of a digital computer and discrete-event simulation is used to construct a minimal but faithful model of the most perfected realization of these laboratory experiments. In contrast to prior simulations, all photon selections are strictly made, as they are in the actual experiments, at the local station and no other “post-selection” is involved. The simulation results demonstrate that a manifestly non-quantum model that identifies photons in the same local manner as in these experiments can produce correlations that are in excellent agreement with those of the quantum theoretical description of the corresponding thought experiment, in conflict with Bell’s theorem which states that this is impossible. The failure of Bell’s theorem is possible because of our recognition of the photon identification loophole. Such identification measurement-procedures are necessarily included in all actual experiments but are not included in the theory of Bell and his followers.
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Mines, R. A. W. « An Introduction to the Impact Behaviour of Polymer Composites Using Simplified Beam Models ». International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 26, no 2 (avril 1998) : 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909802600202.
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The paper describes a final-year undergraduate course that has been taught at the University of Liverpool for the past three years. The main aims of the course are to introduce the student to the design of structures using multi-component (composite) materials and to the performance of such structures under impact loading. Given the complexity of generalized composite behaviour and of structural crashworthiness, a simple structural case is considered, namely, a beam subject to three-point bending. A feature of the course is that not only is linear structural response considered but also non-linear (progressive) structural collapse is covered. The course is split into four parts, namely: (i) analysis of composite laminae, (ii) analysis of laminated beams, (iii) local and global effects in sandwich beams, and (iv) post-failure and progressive collapse of sandwich beams. Static and impact loadings are considered. Comments are made on how the theories are simplified and communicated to the undergraduate students.
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O’Gorman, Daniel. « “Dark Newnesses” : The Failures of Joseph Anton ». Journal of Commonwealth Literature 52, no 3 (15 décembre 2016) : 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989416673866.
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Salman Rushdie’s 2012 memoir, Joseph Anton, marks a turning point in his career. While his earlier work celebrated “cultural translation” and the emergence of “newness” into the world, this book expresses reservations. “The arrival of the new was not always linked to progress”, Rushdie writes, “Men found new ways of oppressing one another, too, new ways of unmaking their best achievements and sliding back towards that primal ooze; and men’s darkest innovations, as much as their brightest ones, confused their fellow men”. These “dark newnesses”, as he calls them, “were innovations that came into being in the name of a totalizing ideology, an absolute ruler, an unarguable dogma, or a god”. However, despite this turn towards a more binary worldview, the complexity of Rushdie’s earlier writing refuses to be completely stifled, and this article argues that Joseph Anton is ultimately unable to persuasively follow through on its rhetoric of a world simplistically torn between newnesses “bright” and “dark”. Although frequently relying on binary language, it is precisely the memoir’s patent failure to convincingly represent the world in such starkly simplistic terms that, inadvertently, renders it valuable in foregrounding the nuances of post-9/11 identity politics that its author ostensibly seeks to deny.
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Sherry, Daisy, Bradley P. Knight, Cash Casey, Janet Larson, Eileen D. Hacker, Lauretta T. Quinn, Edward Wang et Eileen G. Collins. « A Pilot Study Evaluating Daily Physical Activity Before and After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ». Biological Research For Nursing 16, no 1 (28 mars 2013) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800413481619.
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Benefits of daily physical activity are well known, but there are limited data to describe physical activity in heart failure patients who receive cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in physical activity (PA) levels before and 3 months after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) and determine relationships of PA to physical function and comorbidities, as well as describe changes in heart failure symptoms. This was a prospective pre-/post- design that included a convenience sample of 21 subjects using self- report questionnaires and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). In this sample, there was a 2.6 hour increase in high level PA (p = 0.024). 6MW distance improved 27% (p < .0001). Subjects experienced a 25% reduction in dyspnea (p = 0.015). Knowledge gained from this study adds to the understanding of the patient response to CRT. Further study is recommended to generalize findings and explore whether an intervention (cardiac rehabilitation) is indicated.
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Ahmad, Waqar, Osman Hasan, Sofiène Tahar et Mohamed Salah Hamdi. « Formal reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O : Journal of Risk and Reliability 232, no 3 (17 mars 2017) : 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17694494.
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Depending on the operational environment, installation location, and aging of oil and gas pipelines, they are subject to various degradation mechanisms, such as cracking, corrosion, leaking, and thinning of the pipeline walls. Failure of oil and gas pipelines due to these degradation mechanisms can lead to catastrophic events, which, in the worst case, may result in the loss of human lives and huge financial losses. Traditionally, paper-and-pencil proof methods and Monte Carlo based computer simulations are used in the reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines to identify potential threats and thus avoid unwanted failures. However, paper-and-pencil proof methods are prone to human error, especially when dealing with large systems, while simulation techniques primarily involve sampling-based methods, i.e., not all possible scenarios of the given systems are tested, which compromises the accuracy of the results. As an accurate alternative, we propose to use a higher-order-logic theorem proving for the reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines. In particular, this paper presents the higher-order-logic formalization of commonly used reliability block diagrams (RBDs), such as series, parallel, series–parallel, and k-out-of- n, and provides an approach to utilize these formalized RBDs to assess the reliability of oil and gas pipelines. For illustration, we present a formal reliability analysis of a pipeline transportation subsystem used between the oil terminals at the Port of Gdynia, Poland, and Dębogórze.
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Papa, Venetia. « ‘To activists : Please post and share your story’ : Renewing understandings on civic participation and the role of Facebook in the Indignados movement ». European Journal of Communication 32, no 6 (1 novembre 2017) : 583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323117737953.
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The global upsurge in protest, which has accompanied the current international financial crisis, has highlighted the extensive use of online social media in activism, leaving aside the extent to which citizenship is enacted, empowered and potentially transformed by social media use within these movements. Drawing on citizenship and communication theories, this study employs a cross-country analysis of the relationship between citizenship, civic practices and social media within the Indignados movement in Greece and France. By the use of semi-structured interviews, we attempt to discern the degree of involvement of actors with the political community in question and explore the complex layers of their motivations and goals around participation. Content analysis employed in the movement’s Facebook groups allows us to critically evaluate the potential of social media in (re)defining the meaning and practice of civic participation. Findings indicate that the failure of traditional forms of civic participation to attain and resolve everyday political issues becomes its potential to transfer the political activity in other sites of struggle. The role of Facebook is double: it can reinforce civic talk and debate through activists’ digital story telling (around shared feelings and personal stories) significant for meaningful activist participation online and offline. Second, it can support new forms of alternative politics inspired by more participatory modes of engagement.
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Payne Ondracek, Rochelle, Matthew H. Hayn, Michael Adam Poch, Warren Davis, Alexandra Curtis, Hyung Lae Kim, Carl D. Morrison, James Mohler et James Roger Marshall. « The effect of BMI at time of surgery on long-term outcome after radical prostatectomy. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no 15_suppl (20 mai 2012) : e15203-e15203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e15203.
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e15203 Background: Body mass index (BMI) at time of surgery was determined among 715 radical prostatectomy patients. The association of BMI with a range of treatment outcomes was considered. Methods: The associations of BMI at time of radical prostatectomy (RP) with disease stage and aggressiveness and long-term outcome were evaluated among 715 patients treated with RP at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1993 and 2005. Clinical and pathological aggressiveness indicators included clinical Gleason sum and tumor stage (2002 TNM), highest preoperative PSA, pathological Gleason sum and tumor stage (2002 TNM) and surgical margin status. Ten post-RP recurrence definitions were considered: 1) PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml; 2) PSA ≥ 0.4 ng/ml (with 1 confirming value); 3) 1 or more post RP treatments (ADT, radiation, chemotherapy); 4) PSA doubling time < 12 months; 5) PSA doubling time < 9 months; 6) PSA doubling time < 6 months; 7) NCCN definition of PSA failure; 8) AUA definition of PSA failure; 9) diagnosis of metastatic CaP; and 10) death from CaP. Results: Of the 715 men, 33 developed metastatic prostate cancer, and 17 died of prostate cancer. 246 men had BMI ≥ 30. BMI was not significantly associated with clinical or pathological aggressiveness criteria. These analyses showed that there is a trend towards higher risk of the development of metastasis or death for men with BMI ≥ 30, although the association with high BMI and these failure types is not significant. With adjustment for the most significant tumor aggressiveness features (clinical Gleason sum, pathological tumor stage, pathological Gleason sum, and surgical margin status) in proportional hazards regression, men with BMI ≥ 30 had consistently lower risk for all definitions of recurrence except metastasis and death, although no hazard ratios were significant. In contrast, men with higher BMIs had higher risk for metastasis and death from prostate cancer, although neither association is statistically significant. Conclusions: Men with higher BMIs show similar to slightly reduced risk for PSA-based recurrence definitions. Men with higher BMIs had slightly higher risk, though not significant, for metastasis and death. These results seem to support theories that PSA is diluted in men with higher BMIs.
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Stanojevic, Natasa, et Slobodan Kotlica. « Effects of foreign direct investment on the restructuring of the see economies ». Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no 152 (2015) : 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1552543s.
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This paper considers the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the transformation and development of post-socialist transition economies, with some particular review of the example of Republic of Serbia. Given the post-socialist countries had a significant deficiency of inner capacities, FDI was considered as the most important means of providing financial capital, technologies, organizational and managerial practices and access to foreign capital markets. Such expectations were supported by the theories of positive contribution of FDI to the economic transformation of transition countries. Over the past decade, transition economies have been the fastest-growing host for FDI, but there are not expected results. FDI has not contributed much to the industrial improvement or to the promotion of competitiveness and exports, and the new empirical evidence even points to negative effect of FDI penetration on domestic market. Considering the great disparity between potential and realized effects of FDI on the economic development of these economies, this paper explores the main sources of failure. The first is the type of FDI, with predominating acquisitions and privatizations along with less sophisticated technology transfers; the second refers to the sectoral distribution, primarily in non-tradable services and goods, which means that FDI contributes only to the market spread of the investors. These features of FDI created the mechanisms of disarticulation of host economies, with a decrease in economic growth as a result.
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Varghese, N. V. « Criticality, Empathy and Welfare in Educational Discourses ». Contemporary Education Dialogue 15, no 2 (25 juin 2018) : 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973184918781209.
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Criticality is the ability to question current theories and practices in any sector to make them more receptive to social realities. Empathy is the ability to identify with what someone else is thinking or feeling. Empathy forms the foundation for welfare state and its liberal social welfare programmes. The state-led development strategies during the post-war period stemmed from a belief in the idea of welfare state and in the redistribution of resources and opportunities in favour of the deprived groups. The market-led globalisation process has put brakes on the scope of welfare provisions even in democratic societies. The public-funded stimulus packages during the recent economic crisis helped save economies from market failure and reinforced the need for state intervention even for an efficient functioning of markets. Based on an analysis of global trends and Indian context, this paper argues for the need of the educational processes to develop criticality in thinking and empathy in action to help develop a support base for public policies benefiting the poor and the disadvantaged.
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Bentley, Nancy. « The Novel, the Demos, and Genres of the Human ». American Literary History 35, no 1 (1 février 2023) : 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajac231.
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Abstract The post-Civil War novels discussed in this essay allow us to see not just the failure of liberal recognition to enfranchise freedpeople but also the legible misrecognition of how humanness is known and lived by Black subjects. By tracing uncanny or syncopated humanness that is manifest most clearly in Black kinship, these novels demonstrate the genre’s ability to represent incommensurate orders of the human. But this very affordance––the novel’s capacity to represent and reflect on contending “genres of the human” coexisting agonistically in the Atlantic world––also demands new theorizing, an account of the genre that does not obviate the multiplicity of the human by presuming a uniform demos. If the novel is to enlarge its potential for democratic thought, it will need to revise the cosmologies and geographies that have heretofore oriented our theories of the Atlantic novel.What are the implications of this discontinuous humanness for the possibilities of democracy? If multiple “genres of the human” coexist agonistically in the Atlantic world, can any novel project a demos that does not obviate that multiplicity?
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Bhattacharya, Sourit. « Against his self, against his time : modernist aesthetic, post-war London, and the failure of imagination in J. M. Coetzee’s Youth ». Textual Practice 33, no 1 (3 avril 2017) : 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2017.1308960.
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Mohd-Any, Amrul Asraf, Dilip S. Mutum, Ezlika M. Ghazali et Lokmanulhakim Mohamed-Zulkifli. « To fly or not to fly ? An empirical study of trust, post-recovery satisfaction and loyalty of Malaysia Airlines passengers ». Journal of Service Theory and Practice 29, no 5/6 (9 décembre 2019) : 661–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-10-2018-0223.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of successful service recovery in the airline sector by examining the interrelationship between perceived justice, recovery satisfaction and overall satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. Furthermore, the research assesses the mediating effect of overall satisfaction and customer trust on customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via an airport intercept survey of Malaysia Airlines passengers who had experienced service failure. In total, 380 responses were used for the final analysis. The study uses partial least squares structural equation modelling technique with SmartPLS 3.0, in order to test and validate the research model and hypotheses posited. Findings The results reveal that: recovery satisfaction is significantly affected by procedural and interactional justice; distributive and procedural justice, as well as recovery satisfaction influenced overall satisfaction; customer trust is most influenced by interactional justice, distributive justice and recovery satisfaction; customer loyalty is positively affected by customer trust, overall satisfaction and recovery satisfaction; and the influence amongst recovery satisfaction and customer loyalty is partially mediated by customer trust and overall satisfaction. Originality/value The study contributes to a whole conceptual comprehension of the essential determinants of customer loyalty from the combined perspectives of three theories, namely, justice theory, expectancy disconfirmation theory and commitment-trust theory. This study successfully differentiates the three dimensions of perceived justice and assesses them individually to discern and compare their influence on overall satisfaction, recovery satisfaction and trust. In addition, the study finds that the influence of recovery satisfaction on loyalty is partially and sequentially mediated by trust and overall satisfaction.
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Wosu, Kalu. « The Dynamics of Underdevelopment in the African Novel : A Comparative Appraisal of Anglophone and Francophone Fiction ». African Research Review 14, no 1 (28 avril 2020) : 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v14i1.9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The post-independence era in sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by progressive underdevelopment. From the 1960s till date no meaningful development has occurred, and all known development strategies that have so far been adopted have defied all logic. Accordingly, some social scientists and scholars of development theories have come to the sad conclusion that with respect to Africa, all development theories have hit the rocks (Chambua, 1994, p, 37). The implication is that in all spheres of human endeavour, Africa south of the Sahara has failed. The leadership problem is one of the plagues that have bedevilled the West African sub region. And from the failure of leadership stems a truckload of woes: infrastructural deficit, corruption, neo-colonialist propensity, unemployment, ethnicity, educational backwardness, declining living standards, etc. This situation has left Africans disillusioned and disappointed. And African writers from the Anglophone and Francophone worlds have not relented in their condemnation of the post-independence malaise. Their oeuvre is a clear reflection of the battered landscape. Thus, in the works of Chinua Achebe, Wale Okediran, AhmadouKourouma and J.R. Essomba, the reader is led into the very soul of a continent in turmoil. These authors are selected from both sides of the linguistic divide. Whereas, Achebe and Okediran are Anglophones from Nigeria, Kourouma and Essomba are Francophones from Côte d’Ivoire and Cameroon respectively. This paper therefore attempted a diachronic investigation of the works of these authors in order to uncover the pervasive indices of underdevelopment. In other words, between Achebe and Okediran on the one hand, and between Kourouma and Essomba on the other hand, one discovers that the ills which the earlier novelists condemned in the first decade of independence have only gone from bad to worse some five decades later. The methodological approach adopted for this research work is textual analysis/ intertextuality, while privileging a socio-historical framework.
Key Words: underdevelopment, West Africa, dynamics, Achebe, Okediran, Kourouma, Essomba
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Monllor, Javier, et Patrick J. Murphy. « Natural disasters, entrepreneurship, and creation after destruction ». International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & ; Research 23, no 4 (6 décembre 2017) : 618–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2016-0050.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute a deeper understanding of how natural disasters influence entrepreneurial intentionality as an important antecedent of entrepreneurial intention. It reviews the conceptual and operational backgrounds of natural disaster research and entrepreneurship theories and formulates a distinctive conceptual approach to entrepreneurial intentions in natural disaster settings. Design/methodology/approach An exhaustive review of research articles published in peer-reviewed entrepreneurship journals is provided and focuses on entrepreneurship, natural disasters, and entrepreneurial opportunities. Findings Six propositions about the influence of natural disasters on entrepreneurial intentions in ways that are distinct to the specific circumstances of post-disaster environments. Research limitations/implications The paper’s findings serve as a useful foundation for future research of post-disaster entrepreneurial behavior. The propositions highlight the relationship between opportunities, self-efficacy, feasibility, desirability, fear of failure, and resilience that complement macro-level research with micro-level antecedents. Implications entail new methodological avenues for future studies of humanitarian and post-disaster entrepreneurial activities. Practical implications This paper suggests ways in which public policy and educational, state and community programs can be designed and executed so that entrepreneurial intentions are developed and entrepreneurial action is not hindered. Moreover, it clarifies several ways to achieve more effective action (or inaction) to serve those affected by natural disasters and minimize disaffection. Originality/value The study illustrates that natural disasters can and do create opportunities for entrepreneurial behavior even as they generate powerful and sweeping negative effects on socioeconomic systems. Its unique approach explores individual-level variables concerning intent and motivation that drive entrepreneurial decisions in disaster contexts.