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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Positivism – History"
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Nottelmann, Nikolaj. "Om positivisme og objektivisme i samfundsvidenskaberne." Dansk Sociologi 28, no. 3 (2017): 9–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v28i3.5640.
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”Positivisme” hører til de mest kontroversielle og mangetydige termer i moderne debatter om samfundsvidenskabelig metode. Bredt anvendte lærebøger er på én gang ofte uklare og voldsomt indbyrdes uenige angående positivismens metafysiske, erkendelsmæssige og ideologiske forpligtelser. Denne artikel leverer en receptionshistorisk behandling af positivismen fra dens dobbelte udspring i det 19. århundredes franske og tyske filosofi frem til i dag. Hermed kortlægges en række væsentlige historiske omforståelser og misforståelser som baggrund for nutidens begrebsforvirring. Det påvises efterfølgende, at forskellige positivistiske retningers forhold til videnskabelig objektivisme er en temmelig kompleks og varieret affære. Det er således ufrugtbart at behandle samfundsvidenskabelig positivisme og objektivisme under ét, sådan som det ofte gøres.
 
 
 ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
 
 Nikolaj Nottelmann: On positivism and objectivism in thesocial sciences
 
 “Positivism” ranks among the most controversial and polysemous terms in
 modern social scientific methodological discourses. Widely used textbooks in
 the social sciences are often unclear and mutually inconsistent in their mapping
 of positivism’s metaphysical, epistemological, and ideological commitments.
 This article offers a reception history, tracing positivism from its dual
 roots in 19th century French and German philosophy of science to the present
 day. The article points out several eventful historical reinterpretations and
 misinterpretations responsible for the current conceptual confusion. Then
 the article explains how various positivistic currents have very different and
 complex relations to scientific objectivism. Thus, despite common practice,
 it is unfruitful to treat social scientific positivism and objectivism under one
 heading.
 
 Keywords: Positivism; Objectivism; Phenomenalism; Logical Empiricism;
 Critical Theory
2
Hogan, Robert. "Positivism Is History." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 1 (1988): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025267.
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Artyukh, Vyacheslav. "Elements of positivism in the Ukrainian philosophy and culture of the second half of the 19th century." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 16 (December 18, 2017): 269–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.17.011.7712.
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This article addresses the appropriation of positivist thought by Ukrainian intellectuals in the second half of the nineteenth century, in particular in the field of philosophy of history. By discussing elements of positivist thought in the works of Mykhailo Drahomanov, Ivan Franko and Pantaleimon Kulish, the author argues that all three were under direct influence of positivist thought, but none of them was a blind adherent of positivism. Positivism particularly influenced their thinking about history and the issue of determinism. Importantly, it was not the French positivism of Auguste Comte whose ideas were adopted, but rather the English positivism of Henry Thomas Buckle and John Stuart Mill.
4
Barolsky, Paul. "ART HISTORY AND POSITIVISM." Source: Notes in the History of Art 18, no. 1 (1998): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/sou.18.1.23205032.
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Turner, Stephen. "Comte after positivism." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 34, no. 2 (1998): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199821)34:2<202::aid-jhbs18>3.0.co;2-y.
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Choi, Naomi. "Interpretivism in Jurisprudence: What Difference Does the Philosophy of History Make to the Philosophy of Law?" Journal of the Philosophy of History 1, no. 3 (2007): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226307x229399.
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AbstractTo answer the question of what difference the philosophy of history makes to the philosophy of law this paper begins by calling attention to the way that Ronald Dworkin's interpretive theory of law is supposed to upend legal positivism. My analysis shows how divergent theories about what law and the basis of legal authority is are supported by divergent points of view about what concepts are, how they operate within social practices, and how we might best give account of such meanings. Such issues are widely debated in the philosophy of history but are often overlooked in jurisprudential circles. When the legal positivist approach to meanings is contrasted with Dworkin's interpretivism it is clear that what is needed is an alternative to both, in the form of what we might call "historical meanings" and "historical interpretation". While Dworkin's interpretivism gets it right that legal positivism is an inadequate philosophy of law to the extent that it is committed to a "criterial semantics" view of concepts, this paper argues that post-positivism in the philosophy of law need not entail a normative jurisprudence, as Dworkin would have it.
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Zammito, John H. "The “Last Dogma” of Positivism: Historicist Naturalism and the Fact/Value Dichotomy." Journal of the Philosophy of History 6, no. 3 (2012): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341235.
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Abstract Has the emergence of post-positivism in philosophy of science changed the terms of the “is/ought” dichotomy? If it has demonstrated convincingly that there are no “facts” apart from the theoretical frames and evaluative standards constructing them, can such a cordon sanitaire really be upheld between “facts” and values? The point I wish to stress is that philosophy of science has had a central role in constituting and imposing the fact/value dichotomy and a revolution in the philosophy of science should not leave the dichotomy unaffected. The connection between post-positivism and naturalism will be my guiding thread in considering this “last dogma of positivism.” First this essay will specify the sense of naturalism that it will take to be essential to the post-positivist philosophy of science: the deflation of the notion of the “purity” of scientific knowledge. Then it will turn to the question of the implications that follow for the “autonomy” of ethics, including the danger posed by a new form of scientistic reductionism.
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Koval, Sofya V. "The History and Foundations of Criticism of H.L.A. Hart’s Legal Positivism in R. Dworkin’s Philosophy of Law." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62, no. 7 (2019): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-124-142.
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The paper discusses the Anglo-American philosophy of law of the 20th century, more specifically the philosophy of law of Ronald Myles Dworkin and his criticism of the legal positivism of Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The author presents the history of the criticism of legal positivism in Ronald Dworkin’s philosophy of law and distinguishes historical stages. The subject of the study is the critique of legal positivism but not the Hart-Dworkin debate itself, well known in Western philosophy of law. The reason is that the discussion was conducted between Dworkin and Hart’s supporters but not between Dworkin and Hart by himself. The latter responded to the criticism only after twenty seven years. The article explains why Dworkin chose for his criticism Herbert Hart’s version of legal positivism. This is due to the fact that Dworkin highly appreciated Hart’s positivist theory of law and characterized it as the “most clear.” The article presents the methodological foundations of criticism of Hart’s legal positivism in Dworkin’s philosophy of law. It reveals a methodological divergence between the two legal theories, which directly affects the understanding of the concept of law and its content. Therefore, we can assume that the legal theories of Hart and Dworkin are two competing models of law: Dworkin’s model considers law as a set of rules and principles and Hart’s model acknowledges only rules and court decisions as a source of law. The article also presents the key principles of positivism criticized by Dworkin. These principles, firstly, interpret law as a set of legal rules determined through a special legal criterion, secondly, provide the judge with an opportunity to make a decision “at his own discretion” in a situation not regulated by law, and, thirdly, recognize only legal rights and obligations enshrined in legal regulations. It is important to note that in this article the author describes criticism as an independent phenomenon of legal philosophy with a particular focus on the history and foundations of this phenomenon.
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Vallenilla, Nikita Harwich. "Venezuelan Positivism and Modernity." Hispanic American Historical Review 70, no. 2 (1990): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516482.
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Vallenilla, Nikita Harwich. "Venezuelan Positivism and Modernity." Hispanic American Historical Review 70, no. 2 (1990): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-70.2.327.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Positivism – History"
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Barbosa, Mohana Ribeiro. "Revolução científica e nascimento da ciência experimental em Alexandre Koyré." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3031.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-30<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This work aims to understand the definition given by Alexandre Koyré for the
experimental science of the seventeenth century, exploring the importance of this
concept within the historiography of science. Assuming that the opposition made by
Koyré of Auguste Comte’s positivism, theoretical conception dominant in the history
and philosophy of sciences in the first half of the twentieth century, engenders a new
meaning for science and its course. In his work as a historian of science, developed
primarily between 1930 and 1961, Koyré formulates precise concepts for various
elements considered essential to the history and philosophy of sciences, such as:
scientific revolution, experimentation, tools and instruments. I intend to demonstrate the
intellectual trajectory and epistemological debates present in the formation of these
concepts.<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender a definição atribuída por Alexandre
Koyré à ciência experimental do século XVII, explorando a importância deste conceito
no interior da historiografia das ciências. Entende-se que a oposição feita por Koyré ao
positivismo de Auguste Comte, concepção teórica dominante na história e filosofia das
ciências na primeira metade do século XX, engendra um novo significado para a ciência
e seu curso. Em seus trabalhos como historiador das ciências, desenvolvido
fundamentalmente entre 1930 e 1961, Koyré formula conceitos precisos para vários
elementos considerados essenciais para a história e filosofia das ciências, tais como:
revolução científica, experimentação, instrumentos e ferramentas. Procuro demonstrar a
trajetória intelectual e os debates epistemológicos presentes na formação desses
conceitos.
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Tavares, Eva Volite Coelho. "Ciência e literatura em Lima Barreto." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13304.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-11<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This work analyses Brazilian writer Lima Barreto with focus on his scientific view, as shown in his work, and investigates the relationship between Literature and History of Science. It took Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma (Sad end of Policarpo Quaresma) as a reference, as well as chronicles and other author's productions, regarding the recognition of a dialogue between reality and fiction. It also investigated the writer s passage through the Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro and his readings and reflections on certain aspects of the scientific knowledge in vogue, motivated by intellectual sharing with literate men of his time. The analyzed period, between the end of the XIXth and the early XXth century, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, shows a context marked by a belief in progress and appreciation of science that had a profound influence on the creation of the author s characters. However, being a dissonant voice of his time, Lima Barreto reveled a distrust on the modernization discourse at the time and positioned himself critically towards the Republican regime based on positivist ideas<br>Este trabalho aborda a visão científica do escritor brasileiro Lima Barreto presente em sua obra e procura, com base nela, investigar a relação entre Literatura e História da Ciência. Para essa abordagem, tomou-se como referência Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, bem como crônicas e outras produções do autor, com vistas ao reconhecimento de um diálogo entre realidade e ficção. Investigou-se também a passagem do escritor pela Escola Politécnica do Rio de Janeiro e suas leituras e reflexões sobre determinados aspectos do conhecimento científico em voga, motivadas pelo compartilhamento intelectual com homens letrados de seu tempo. O período abordado, situado entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, mostra um contexto que foi marcado pela crença no progresso e valorização da ciência e exerceu profunda influência na caracterização dos personagens do autor. Porém, sendo uma voz dissonante de seu tempo, Lima Barreto evidenciou em sua obra uma desconfiança acerca do discurso de modernização vigente na época e posicionou-se de forma crítica diante do regime republicano apoiado em ideias positivistas
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Tonobohn, Elisabete. "O ensino de ciências e a Escola Nova: análise de interfaces entre história da ciência e ensino." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13229.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-15<br>The aim of this paper is to analyze the Pioneers Manifesto from the New School, some
of its assumptions and consequences in science teaching from 1930 until 1950. During
this period Brazil represented a new political, economical and social model where
Brazilian education would start to have a fundamental role in this new reorganization.
The model proposed by the pioneers from the new school featuring: Anísio Teixeira,
Lourenço Filho and Fernando de Azevedo, through the Pioneers Manifesto, showing
the democratic principles of education for the entire nation. The performance of these
three icons from the pioneers movement was based in the pragmatism philosophy of
John Dewey about experimental education. Although pragmatism was expressed in
the manifesto, we could identify in this model similar traces to the positivist ideas.
Another important aspect from this paper was to try to relate the two currents: the
positivism and the pragmatism in part of its conceptions. The approach possible to be
verified was the sense of progress which both of them brought in each proposal. Not
only the pragmatism but also the positivism had an idea of development, different
perspectives, but the approach was made in valuing the science as an object of
progress. These two currents presented importance when they dealt with education and
science as fundamental elements for a nation progress. Campos reform in the
beginning of the 30 s covered an ample part of the proposals presented by the
pioneers, from public education from the kindergarten to the university, secular and
democratic school. Science valorization or scientific knowledge as the beginning for
the development, and the model present in this proposal was the one from John
Dewey. Capanema reform changed secondary education in the country, but the
historical background was also changed to a totalitarian regime and therefore it would
not fit the defense of the movement principles, once the root of this movement was
based in a democratic education as the way to learning. Although positivism had been
the greatest influence in the end of XIX century and the beginning of the XX century,
it was also present in this context. This statement is made because it would not be
possible to have a sudden assimilation of another philosophy that influenced the
historical, social and mainly the educational characteristics from the country.
Having in mind the History of science we can consider an interface with teaching. It is
a possibility to analyze how the scientific knowledge was being assimilated and spread
through this process<br>O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar o Manifesto dos Pioneiros da
Escola Nova alguns de seus pressupostos e decorrências no ensino de ciências entre
1930 a 1950. Situação no qual o Brasil apresentava um novo modelo político,
econômico e social em que a educação brasileira passaria a exerce papel fundamental
nesta nova reorganização.
O modelo proposto pelos pioneiros da escola nova em destaque: Anísio
Teixeira, Lourenço Filho e Fernando de Azevedo, por meio do Manifesto dos
Pioneiros, traduziram-se em ressaltar princípios democráticos de educação para toda a
nação. A atuação destes três ícones do movimento dos pioneiros pautava-se na
filosofia do pragmatismo de John Dewey sobre a educação experimental.
Embora o pragmatismo estivesse expresso no manifesto, pudemos identificar
neste modelo traços de semelhança com as idéias positivistas.
Outro aspecto relevante desse trabalho foi o de tentar relacionar as duas
correntes: do positivismo e do pragmatismo em parte de suas concepções. A
aproximação que se pode verificar foi sobre o sentido de progresso que ambas as
correntes traziam no bojo de suas propostas. Tanto o pragmatismo tinha uma idéia de
desenvolvimento como o positivismo também, perspectivas diferenciadas, mas a
aproximação se deu na valorização da ciência como objeto de progresso.
Estas duas correntes apresentavam relevância ao tratarem da educação e da
ciência como elementos fundamentais para o progresso de uma nação.
A reforma de Campos no começo de 30 abrangeu grande parte das propostas
apresentadas pelos pioneiros. Dos quais, educação pública do jardim de infância até a
universidade, escola laica e democrática. Valorização da ciência ou do conhecimento
científico como ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento e, o modelo incutido nesta
proposta era de John Dewey.
A reforma Capanema modificou o ensino secundário no país, porém o contexto
histórico também havia mudado para um regime totalitário e que por tanto não caberia
mais a defesa dos princípios do movimento nesta conjuntura, uma vez que, a raiz deste
movimento pautou-se numa educação democrática como caminho para a
aprendizagem.
Apesar de o positivismo ter tido sua maior influência no final do século XIX e
início do século XX, estava presente neste contexto.
Esta afirmação se dá em acreditar que não havia sido possível uma mudança tão
rápida na assimilação de outra filosofia que influenciasse as características históricas,
sociais e principalmente educacionais do país.
À luz da História da Ciência procuraremos considerar uma interface com o
ensino. Uma possibilidade de analisarmos como os conhecimentos científicos foram
sendo assimilados e difundidos ao longo desse processo
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Machado, Claudia Urano de Carvalho. "A construção histórica do direito do trabalho como resistência à aplicação do pós-positivismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-08042016-163831/.
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O advento da teoria pós-positivista de Robert Alexy teve seus efeitos sentidos no Direito do Trabalho, principalmente por passar a ser constantemente mencionada em decisões trabalhistas. O presente trabalho se propõe, então, a dois objetivos centrais: a partir da análise da principal obra de Robert Alexy, Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais, em cotejo com a jurisprudência trabalhista, demonstrar que nessas decisões não há, de fato, a aplicação da teoria pós-positivista, tal qual construída pelo jurista alemão e, posteriormente, que, ainda que fosse aplicada corretamente, ela própria é de todo incompatível com o Direito do Trabalho, em virtude da construção histórica deste ramo.<br>The advent of the post-positivist theory of Robert Alexy had its consequences on Labor Law, especially for being often mentioned on Labor Court decisions. Thus, this dissertation focuses on two main objectives: to demonstrate, based on the analysis of the main work of Robert Alexy Theory of Fundamental Rights in confrontation with some Labour Court decisions, that such decisions do not, in fact, apply the post-positivist theory as it was formulated by the German jurist; and, moreover, even if it were to be applied accordingly, this theory would still be incompatible with Labor Law, due to the historical construction of this area.
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Ängfors, Simon. "Rudolf Anderberg och den första professuren i Psykologi i Sverige! : En analys av Rudolf Anderbergs psykologiska skrifter som konkretion av den svenska psykologins inriktning från 1948." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420476.
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Uppsatsen analyserar Rudolf Anderbergs (1892-1955) skrifter med avseende på vetenskapsuppfattning, människosyn, syn på psykets natur samt vad gäller intellektuella och vetenskapliga traditioner han förhåller sig till. Anderbergs liv och verksamhet samt hans skrifter, förstås i relation till såväl ett vetenskapshistoriskt som ett vidare kulturellt sammanhang. Anderbergs vetenskapsuppfattning placeras i ett positivistiskt och naturvetenskapligt inriktat sammanhang och kopplas samman med positivismens betydande vetenskapliga och kulturella inflytande i hans samtid, liksom med moderniteten och den svenska välfärdsstatens utveckling. Hans skrifter ses som uttryck för i första hand psykofysik, differentiell psykologi, samt intelligensundersökningar. Hans människouppfattning uppfattas naturalistiskt. Tron på naturvetenskap och tekniks kulturella och vetenskapliga betydelse ses som karaktäristiskt för hans skrifter, liksom med betoningen på psykologins betydelse för att lösa konkreta problem i arbetslivet samt i samhället i stort. Anderbergs skrifter ses i ljuset av den sociala ingenjörskonsten, liksom dess mål, människouppfattning, vetenskapsuppfattning och metoder. Hans skrifter kopplas i någon mån ihop med Nikolas Rose och begrepp som ”biopolitik” och ”biomakt”. En diskussion förs slutligen där Anderbergs vetenskapsuppfattning och människosyn, liksom dess konkreta kulturella uttryck i hans samtid, kritiskt diskuteras. Slutligen betonas samspelet mellan vetenskap, politik, sociala frågor och ”biomakt” i Sverige under första hälften av 1900-talet, som möjlig utgångspunkt för vidare studier. Keywords: Rudolf Anderberg, Psykologi,
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Atallah, Gianne Zanella. "Trajetórias musicais de alunas e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2824.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-30<br>Sem bolsa<br>O trabalho de pesquisa, intitulado Trajetórias Musicais de Alunas e Professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande que aqui será apresentado, buscou identificar as formas de representação das mulheres musicistas, a partir das memórias dos alunos e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande. Tomou-se como recorte temporal do trabalho a década de 1940 até a primeira metade de 1950, tendo em vista o período de atuação das mulheres entrevistadas dentro do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande. A partir das entrevistas orais, buscou-se identificar as influências familiares, a motivação para o estudo da música, a construção da carreira profissional e a dicotomia entre o ser concertista e o ser professora. Para melhor compreender o contexto social do período, abordaremos o contexto histórico e musical brasileiro entre os séculos XIX e XX, tendo como marco temporal a Proclamação da República até o final da primeira metade do século XX. Neste contexto, enfocaremos aspectos do pensamento positivista, que foram determinantes para o modelo de conduta estabelecido para a mulher no que tange especialmente ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem musical. A partir do contexto da cidade de Rio Grande, dirigimos nosso olhar para o Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande, enfocando sua trajetória e a presença feminina no acervo documental. Trabalharemos com os conceitos de gênero, representação e poder simbólico para compreendermos os diferentes papéis sociais femininos dentro da música, nos meios geradores aqui identificados como família, trabalho e carreira musical. A partir dos relatos orais, buscou-se compreender a vivência musical além do documento, trazendo memórias de sete mulheres que atuaram como professoras, diletantes e artistas. Além de perceber a representação direta que possuem cada um destes papéis, identificamos o processo de conquista do espaço musical pelas mulheres, configurando o Conservatório de Música como importante espaço de atuação feminina na esfera pública.<br>The research work, titled musical Trajectories Schoolgirls and Women of the Music Conservatory of Rio Grande that here will be presented, sought to identify the forms of representation of women musicians, from the memories of the students and teachers of the Music Conservatory of Rio Grande. He took up work as temporal clipping the 1940s until the first half of 1950, for the period of operation of the women interviewed inside the Music Conservatory of Rio Grande. From oral interviews, sought to identify the family influences, the motivation for the study of music, the construction of the professional career and the dichotomy between concert and be a teacher. To better understand the social context of the period, we will cover the Brazilian musical and historical context between the 19th and 20th centuries, with the timeframe the proclamation of the Republic until the end of the first half of the 20th century. In this context, shadow aspects of positivist thought, which were instrumental to the model of conduct established for women in especially the teaching-learning process. From the context of the Rio Grande, drove our look at the Music Conservatory
of Rio Grande, focusing on its trajectory and the female presence in documentary collection. We will work with the concepts of gender, representation and symbolic power to understand the different female social roles within the music, media generators here identified as family, work and career. From oral reports, sought to understand the musical experience in addition to the document, bringing memories of seven women who acted as teachers, amateurish and artists. In addition to realize direct representation with each of these roles, we identified the process of conquest of space music by women, setting up Conservatory of music as an important area of activity of women in the public sphere.
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Filho, Omair Guilherme Tizzot. "Positivismo e educação na obra de José Feliciano de Oliveira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-26072018-112605/.
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O objeto da pesquisa é a vasta produção textual de José Feliciano de Oliveira, abolicionista, positivista e professor da Escola Normal de São Paulo no final do século XIX e início do XX. Os objetivos gerais do trabalho consistem na análise da vida e obra do autor de forma a situá-lo nos campos da instrução pública brasileira e do positivismo brasileiro e francês, além de esclarecer aspectos de sua atuação de forma a compreender seu pensamento educacional como um mestre de vocação positivista em ação na história republicana brasileira. Para a análise, o conjunto da obra foi categorizado conforme a classificação de gêneros textuais de Dolz e Schneuwly e dividido em três agrupamentos principais: construção da nacionalidade brasileira, doutrina positivista e educação. As fontes consultadas foram as obras bibliográficas, artigos para a imprensa, notadamente em O Estado de S. Paulo, e correspondência, tendo o autor se dedicado a escrever obras sobre personagens exemplares para a sociedade brasileira, como Tiradentes, Santos Dumont e José Bonifácio. Voltado à escrita de uma história de integração luso-brasileira, filiado a instituições como o IHGB, tratou de temas clássicos como o descobrimento do Brasil e a bandeira nacional. Nos escritos sobre o positivismo, abordou tanto os princípios da doutrina quanto as disputas que ele protagonizou no campo, notadamente com a liderança carioca da Igreja Positivista do Brasil e com a direção da Maison dAuguste Comte de Paulo Carneiro. Como educador, defendeu a regeneração social através do ensino, com a incorporação do negro, do índio e do proletariado, e a preparação adequada para a vida moral em sociedade, possibilitada pelo ensino integral. O professor deveria ser para ele um exemplo de comportamento voltado à pátria, que incentivasse os alunos a se comportarem com urbanidade a fim de que pudesse haver progresso. Como testemunha entusiasmada e protagonista na Escola Normal do início da República, preocupou-se também com a elaboração memorialística do que havia vivenciado na instituição. A inserção institucional de Feliciano, anterior à organização universitária brasileira, não foi suficiente para que sua obra fosse devidamente lembrada pelas gerações seguintes. O mestre paulista procurou o reconhecimento social de sua obra ao mesmo tempo em que precisava lidar com os limites impostos pela doutrina positivista que condenava a ênfase no individualismo.<br>The object of the research is the vast textual production of the abolitionist, positivist and teacher of the Normal School of São Paulo José Feliciano de Oliveira in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The general objectives of the work are to analyze the author\'s life and work in order to situate him in the fields of Brazilian public education and Brazilian and French positivism, as well as clarifying aspects of his work understanding his educational thinking as a master of positivist vocation during Brazilian republican history. For the analysis, the whole of the work was categorized according to the classification of textual genres of Dolz and Schneuwly being divided into three main groups: construction of Brazilian nationality, positivist doctrine and education. The sources consulted were bibliographical works, press articles notably in O Estado de S. Paulo and correspondence. Aimed at writing a history of Portuguese-Brazilian integration, affiliated with institutions such as the IHGB, he dealt with classical themes such as the discovery of Brazil and the national flag, devoting himself to writing works on exemplary characters for Brazilian society, such as Tiradentes, Santos Dumont and José Bonifácio. Considering his writings on positivism, he dealt with both the principles of doctrine and the disputes he played in the field, notably with the leadership of the Positivist Church in Brazil and with the direction of Maison d\'Auguste Comte by Paulo Carneiro. As an educator, he defended social regeneration through education, with the incorporation of the black, indigenous people and the proletariat, adequately preparing for moral life in society made possible by integral education. Furthermore, in his view, the teacher should be an example of behavior toward the homeland, which would encourage students to behave with civility so that progress could be made. During the Republics first years, he was witness and protagonist in the Normal School, posteriorly worring about the memorialistic elaboration of what he had experienced in the institution. The institutional insertion of Feliciano, prior to the Brazilian university organization, was not enough so that his work was properly remembered by the following generations. The São Paulo master sought the social recognition of his work while dealing with the limits imposed by the positivist doctrine that condemned the emphasis on individualism.
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Jonsson, Kjell. "Vid vetandets gräns : om skiljelinjen mellan naturvetenskap och metafysik i svensk kulturdebatt 1870-1920." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61928.
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The object of this dissertation is to describe the opinions about the limits of natural science in their social and cultural context There exist two antagonistic positions to this matter restrictionism and expansionism. Restrictionism assumes that the natural sciences have no influence on metaphysics. Expansionism, on die other hand, argues that the natural sciences can legitimise the positions of beliefs and values. During the 1870b a restrictionist attitude on scientific knowledge established itself among influential German and British scientists. Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Rudolf Virchow, Hermann von Helmholtz and Thomas Henry Huxley were some of the famous scientists who rejected attempts to adduce science in religious and metaphysical matter. This restrictionism was rejected by other scientists and philosophers who believed that the modern natural sciences constituted a complete Weltanschauung, hostile to obsolete Christianity and philosophy. The thesis primarily deals with the debate on the limits of scientific knowledge in Sweden. We follow the development of the discussion from the 1870's to the years after the First World War. At the end of the 19th century Swedish scientists freed themselves from dominant natural philosophy and natural theology. Restrictionism was later on supported, in different ways, by recognized scientists, theologians, conservative critics, and philosophers. At the turn of the centuiy the restrictionist view of science was turned against metaphysical materialism, monism, naturalism, and an emergent, radical counter-culture. The controversies continued as long as the mechanical world picture dominated the natural sciences. With social and cultural changes, and the new physics of Rutherford, Einstein, Bohr, and Heisenberg, the debate slowly faded.<br>digitalisering@umu
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Schuman, Samuel A. "Representation, Narrative, and “Truth”: Literary and Historical Epistemology in 19th-Century France." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1621948796558803.
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Avila, Róber Iturriet. "Do homem smithiano ao homo economicus : egoísmo e dissolução da moral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22665.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este trabalho se propõe a remontar a dissolução ocorrida no tempo em que a Economia Política buscava limitar seu campo de estudo, particularmente no que se refere a percepção sobre a conduta humana e a assunção de que os homens são intrinsecamente egoístas. Para tanto, é desenvolvida a visão do homem moralmente condicionado em Adam Smith e também as modificações subsequentes originadas nas diferentes concepções dos autores da escola clássica e da neoclássica. Sendo que estas mudanças enfatizam o egoísmo do agente econômico. Neste intento, é retraçado o caminho da consolidação do postulado do egoísmo, assim como os percalços, controvérsias e conflitos desta caracterização. São explorados os elementos que auxiliaram na transformação do homem smithiano em homo economicus, tais como a leitura descontextualizada de Smith, o individualismo, o utilitarismo, o individualismo metodológico, o positivismo e a própria necessidade de abstração teórica. Adicionalmente, é verificado que a confusão de conceitos presente nesta construção metodológica traz a referência de que a ciência econômica faz apologia ao egoísmo. Esta percepção é um subproduto do desenlace da economia com as questões morais.<br>This research is proposed to reassemble the dissolution occurred when the Political Economy sought to limit their field of study, particularly in the perception of humann behavior and the assumption that men are inherently selfish. To do that, it is developed the perception of Adam Smith about human behavior, and the subsequent changes resulting from different conceptions of classical and the neoclassical authors. These changes emphasize the selfishness of the economic agent. In this attempt, is showed the way of the consolidating of self-interest premise, the mishaps and controversies of this path. It explores the the elements that collaborated in the transformation of Smithian man in homo economicus, such as decontextualized reading of Smith, individualism, utilitarianism, methodological individualism, positivism and the very necessity of theoretical abstraction. Additionally, it is observed that the confusion of concepts present in this methodological construction suggests that economics salutes the egoism. This is a result of the distinction between moral and economic aspects.
Livres sur le sujet "Positivism – History"
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Lesevič, Vladimir V. Russkij pozitivizm: Lesevič, Juškevič, Bogdanov. Nauka, 1995.
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Barbara, Olaszek, Avtukhovich T. E, Vershinina N. L, and Uniwersytet Łódzki. Katedra Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej., eds. Idee pozytywizmu w piśmiennictwie rosyjskim =: Idei pozitivizma v russkoĭ slovesnosti : materiały międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej (Łódź, 18-19 września 2000 r.). Katedra Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej UŁ, 2000.
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Neyhouse, Teresa J. Positivism in criminological thought: A study in the history and use of ideas. LFB Scholarly Pub., 2002.
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Heres, Rafael Fernández. Rafael Villavicencio mas alla del positivismo. Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1989.
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M, Ana Yasmín Pérez. Los conceptos de raza y herencia en la sociedad venezolana durante el período gomecista. Editorial AbreBrecha, 1991.
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Nekrašas, Evaldas. The positive mind: Its development and impact on modernity and postmodernity. Central European University Press, 2015.
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Savorelli, Alessandro. Positivismo a Napoli: La metafisica critica di Andrea Angiulli. Morano, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Positivism – History"
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Gane, Mike. "Positivism." In The History of Evil in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351138406-20.
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Laurendeau, Paul. "Positivism and neo-positivism in linguistics and language philosophy." In History of Linguistics 2002. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.110.12lau.
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Palti, Elías José. "Positivism, Revolution, and History in Brazil." In The Worlds of Positivism. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65762-2_3.
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Swingewood, Alan. "Critique of Positivism: I Durkheim." In A Short History of Sociological Thought. Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21642-0_4.
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Fubini, Enrico. "Positivism and other Reactions to Romanticism." In The History of Music Aesthetics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09689-3_13.
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McCarthy, George E. "Rethinking Method: The Reflective Reconstruction of History." In Marx’ Critique of Science and Positivism. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2945-6_5.
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Swingewood, Alan. "Critique of Positivism: II Social Action." In A Short History of Sociological Thought. Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21642-0_5.
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Brzechczyn, Krzysztof. "Logical Empiricism and Logical Positivism." In A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304916.ch37.
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Fuchs, Echkardt. "Positivism and History in the XIXth Century." In Les Positivismes. Philosophie, Sociologie, Histoire, Sciences. Brepols Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.5.113167.
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Sériot, Patrick. "Anti-positivism in early Soviet linguistics." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.123.15ser.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Positivism – History"
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Gollob, Bernhard. "Austria and Artistic Freedom: A Troubled History?" In Mezinárodní konference doktorských studentů oboru právní historie a římského práva. Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0156-2022-9.
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Austria perceives itself as “cultural superpower”. Therefore, it seems fairly surprising that an own fundamental rights provision to protect the arts was positivised only in 1982. The socio-political situation in the perished Austrian Empire and the Weimar Constitution had a decisive impact on attempts to adopt a corresponding provision after World War One. Following the horrors of World War Two, the young Second Republic of Austria used arts and culture as tool to draw the picture of a peace-loving “Kulturnation” sui generis. In the following years a significant cleavage between the Austrian self-perception and the legal-political reality can be observed (also) in regard to Artistic Freedom. Neither Austria’s authoritarian past nor its Nazi past and related crimes had a significant impact on the legislative process.
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Barbui, T., S. Cortelazzo, M. Galli, F. Parazzini, E. Radici, and E. Rossi. "LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT AND REPEATED ABORTIONS: A CASE- CONTROL STUDY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643655.
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In the last few years a role of Lupus Anticoagulant (LAC) in the aetiology of repeated spontaneous abortions and intrauterine deaths has been repeatedly suggested. To quantify this association few da ta are available, since the published reports are generally based on uncontrolled and small clinical series. We have analyzed data from a case-control study conducted in Bergamo and Milan, two contiguous provinces in Lombardia, Italy. Cases were 63 women, mean age 30 years, range 23-40, with 2 or more "sine causa" spontaneous abortions (repeated abortions) admitted between March 1985 and December 1986 to the Ospedali Riuniti of Bergamo and Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento of Milan. Controls were 63 women, mean age 32 years, range 20-49, with 1 or more live births and without spon taneous abortions, admitted to the same Institutions for neither gynaecological nor cardiovascular acute conditions. Informations were collected on sociodemographic factors, gynaecological and obstetrical data and related medical history. LAC was diagnosed according to the Working Party reccomandations (1983) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) according to the revised criteria of ihe American Rheumatism Association (1982). 11 out of 63 cases (17%) (95% confidence interval ranging from 9.5% to 34% based on the Poisson's approximation) were LAC positive, whereas in none of 63 controls this inhibitor was detected (X2 1adjusted for age = 10.1, p= 0.02). Similarly SLE was diagnosed in 4 cases (all having a Lupus Anticoagulant) and in none control (x2 1adjusted for age= 4.17, p=0.02). These findings confirm that LAC is associated with a positive history of repeated abortions, being present in about 10% of the cases. Conclusive estimate of relative risk is prevented by the small control gr'oup size (i.e. lack of positivity for LAC in controls), but very elevated risk (many tenfold increase) is sugge. sted.
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Machause López, Sonia, Gianni Gallello, David Quixal Santos, Agustín Diez Castillo, Consuelo Mata Parreño, and Iván Fumadó Ortega. "El método del caso como herramienta de aprendizaje activo en arqueología." In IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2021.2021.13759.
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El estudio de casos, como otras metodologías que potencian la participación activa del estudiantado, favorece en gran medida el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Presentamos aquí el diseño, la aplicación y los resultados de los casos aplicados en dos asignaturas de Arqueología en el Grado de Historia de la Universitat de València. En el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Docente METARQ, se han puesto en práctica en seis grupos distintos: Metodología Arqueológica (3er curso-2º cuatrimestre, tres grupos) y Arqueología del Mediterráneo (4º curso-1er cuatrimestre, tres grupos). Tanto los resultados de aprendizaje, como la opinión general del estudiantado fueron muy positivos. Además, la aplicación de esta potente herramienta docente en cuatrimestres distintos y modalidades diversas y cambiantes (presencial, online y semipresencial) nos permitió mejorar y adaptar la herramienta a las necesidades detectadas.
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"PATOLOGÍA DUAL Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN PACIENTES INGRESADOS EN UN HOSPITAL GENERAL Y ATENDIDOS POR UN SERVICIO DE INTERCONSULTA DE ADICCIONES." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p022s.
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Introducción: El modelo de psiquiatría de interconsulta específica en adicciones es poco habitual existiendo mayoritariamente experiencias en EE.UU. y en Francia. Existe escasa bibliografía de la presencia de patología dual (PD) y calidad de vida en pacientes adictos que han requerido ingreso en un hospital general. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de PD en pacientes atendidos por un servicio de interconsulta de adicciones, describiendo características clínicas y sociodemográficas y la calidad de vida autopercibida. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal que incluye pacientes ingresados por cualquier causa médico-quirúrgica (excepto infección por COVID-19) en el Hospital del Mar de Barcelona, entre enero a septiembre del 2020, que requirieron valoración por el servicio de adicciones. Se aplicó la Entrevista de cribado de diagnóstico dual (ECDD). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, incluyendo la historia del consumo y el índice de calidad de vida de la OMS, y se compararon entre paciente con y sin PD mediante pruebas de chi-cuadrado y t de student. Resultados Se entrevistó un total de 68 pacientes (mujeres=13, edad media=50,6 años), de los cuales un 36,8% presentó un cribado positivo para PD siendo los principales diagnósticos la depresión y el trastorno de pánico (33,8 y 19,1% respectivamente). Las principales sustancias fueron alcohol y opiáceos sin diferencias entre grupos. Los pacientes con PD presentaron mayor porcentaje de serologías positivas para VIH (36% vs 9%, p=0,007), sin diferencias significativas en el índice de calidad de vida, ni en el resto de variables. Conclusiones: Existió una proporción elevada de PD en nuestra muestra con asociación a mayor proporción de serologías positivas para VIH y una tendencia de peores índices de calidad de vida en los pacientes con PD. Es necesario investigar en muestras de mayor tamaño para determinar la real magnitud de estas diferencias y optimizar el diagnóstico y manejo de estos pacientes.
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Méndez, Lorena López. "Un gesto una historia: proyecto artístico como herramienta de identidad y reminiscencia en personas mayores con Demencia temprana." In IV Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales. ANIAV 2019. Imagen [N] Visible. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2019.8963.
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La presente comunicación, expone un proyecto artístico titulado “Usuario en Línea”, compuesto por un archivo configurado por una serie de fotografías de personas en actitud de trabajar en diferentes profesiones, sujetos anónimos pero reconocibles a través de objetos que configuran la imagen y dan paso a descubrir cuál es el trabajo que desarrolla la persona representada. Este proyecto posteriormente fue vinculado y dio paso a la elaboración de uno de los talleres realizados en el Centro de Referencia Estatal de Atención a Personas con Enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras Demencias (CREA) del Imserso en Salamanca. El Taller denominado “Un gesto una Historia” permitió la conexión con la historia de vida de los participantes y en concreto de sus actividades laborales, las cuales fueron descritas e incluso representadas gráficamente, con el fin de evocar recuerdos y vivencias pasadas. Las obras seleccionadas del proyecto, fueron analizadas con el objetivo de mantener activo el cerebro del usuario, es decir, invitan al espectador a un juego de percepción visual, (Arnheim, 2005), en el que se utiliza el Arte de Camuflaje (Méndez Baiges, 2007) para crear la imagen, donde las personas mayores con Demencia pueden ver objetos que en su conjunto forman una imagen de una persona desarrollando una actividad de la vida diaria (AVD) como es el trabajar. Estas obras nos permiten abrir el diálogo hacia varios caminos, permitiéndonos averiguar cuál y cuantos objetos se esconden tras el cuadro mediante el análisis de su silueta. El ejercicio precisa de atención sostenida y centrada en cada objeto que compone la figura. Este juego visual (Winnicott, 2008) ha sido utilizado con participantes en Fase leve y leve-moderada, obteniendo resultados positivos por el interés que despierta el juego visual y adivinanza entre los y las participantes, generándose episodios de humor y risas compartidas.
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Chin, Irene. "Le Corbusier’s Musée à croissance illimitée: A Limitless Diagram for Museology." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.584.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: “Let us imagine a true museum, one that contained everything, one that could present a complete picture after the passage of time, after the destruction by time…” This paper considers La Musée à croissance illimitée, an unrealized proposal from 1939 by Le Corbusier in which a series of galleries elevated on pilotis and organized about a square courtyard would extend – infinitely. The paper unfolds as an analysis of the museum and its relationship to history and time, structured by the form of Le Corbusier’s proposal. Four themes establish the parameters of the investigation – spatial organization, notions of monumentality, relationship to site, and ideas of growth – and Le Corbusier's resistant approach is considered as a method of criticality. Order-less, face-less, place-less, end-less. To categorize the Museum of Unlimited Growth as such is not to suppose conditions without, conditions of lack, or absence; but rather is a means to consider the proposal as an absolute – a degree zero that subsumes and thus allows for conditions of possibility. The themes set up a dialectical reading of the project, as its negations are bound to the assertive, positivity of the idea of a limitless spiral. Perpetually unfolding and folding in on itself, the Musée resists the forces of time. It is the ur- museum, a concept that negates the historiography of museums before and proposes an impossible model for museums to come. Keywords: museum; limitless; growth; spiral. Palabras clave: museo; límites; crecimiento; espiral. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.584
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Kirtley, Daisy, and David Hutchinson. "AB0127 VERY STRONGLY POSITIVE RHEUMATOID FACTOR LEVELS (10-FOLD HIGHER THAN THE UPPER NORMAL RANGE) RATHER THAN “RHEUMATOID FACTOR POSITIVITY” PER SEARE ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING IN FEMALE RA PATIENTS WITHOUT A HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL DUST AND FUME EXPOSURE." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.3681.
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Gallello, Gianni, Sonia Machause López, and Agustin Diez Castillo. "Respuesta docente frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19: el uso de Blackboard y Flipped Teaching en la asignatura de Metodología Arqueológica." In IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.12012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El sistema educativo universitario se basa en gran medida en clases presenciales. Un evento inesperado como la pandemia de la COVID-19, que estalló durante los primeros meses del 2020, llevó a las autoridades a declarar el estado de alerta y a tomar, entre otras medidas, la interrupción de la actividad docente presencial. El profesorado universitario tuvo que adaptar la actividad docente a un sistema, para muchos, novedoso: la docencia en línea. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los instrumentos y las estrategias empleadas para dar una rápida respuesta a una situación de emergencia. Nuestro caso se centra en la enseñanza de una asignatura de tercer curso del Grado de Historia en la Universitat de València: metodología Arqueológica, adaptada a un sistema de tutorías y clases por e-learning.El empleo de Blackboard Collaborate ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy positiva que complementa el aula virtual simple y potencia la enseñanza y la tutoría en línea, implementada con cuestionarios en Moodle y Kahoot!. Esta plataforma, en colaboración con el modelo pedagógico de aula inversa como modalidad de aprendizaje, ha sido una estrategia motivadora y efectiva para el estudiantado. Esta adaptación ha permitido mantener la trasmisión de los contenidos con resultados de aprendizaje positivos.
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Abreu, Thiago Martins de, Arthur Gomes Pidde, Pedro Henrique de Ávila Perillo, Silvaleide Ataides Assunção, Ianca Leandra Santos, and Débora Sara de Almeida Cardoso. "DELAY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA DUE TO AN INFECTIOUS MASTITIS: CASE REPORT." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2067.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cause among women, with invasive ductal carcinoma (ICD) being the most prevalent and having great phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity and the ability to metastasize. In turn, mastitis is an inflammation in the breast region, infectious or noninfectious causes, most commonly affecting lactating women. Objectives: It is intended to report a case of ICD accompanied by infectious mastitis and its reverberations. Case Report: A 27-year-old woman presents with a clinical history of mastitis in her left breast that occurred about 3 months ago after weaning her son. She also explained about the use of antibiotic therapy, multiple previous drainages, and local complication with engorgement, edema, erythema, and purulent drainage in the surgical ostium of the left breast. A new drainage and material collection was carried out. Computed tomography of the chest indicated a solid heterogeneous lesion, dense, irregular contours, with areas of air trapping, liquefaction, and cleavage plane with the left pectoralis major muscle and ipsilateral axillary adenomegaly. Pathological pathology confirmed the hypothesis of neoplasia, indicating grade III ICD in comedonecrosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated triple-negative character and culture, positivity for Corynebacterium renale. She started neoadjuvant chemotherapy with reduced breast volume and absence of secretion today. Discussion: This is a common and problematic situation in health systems. Repeated outpatient referrals, invasive processes without resolution, aggravating the patient’s case. Moreover, it is noted that mastitis has delayed the diagnosis of the neoplasm, which, depending on the delay, may result in a worse prognosis or a more aggressive or expensive treatment. Conclusion: The diagnostic investigation of neoplasms is of great importance in case of prolonged mastitis not responsive to treatment, due to the fact that many mastitides may come from neoplastic processes that generate the lesion, which can make this injured area conducive to bacterial proliferation.
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Pompermaier, Carolina, Cassio Fernando Paganini, Willian Ely Pin, Mateus Xavier Schenato, and Tales Antunes Franzini. "TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS: A CASE REPORT." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1079.
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Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the infection of lymph nodes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the USA, about 8.5% of the cases of tuberculosis (TB) were characterized by lymphadenitis. The peak occurs between 30 and 40 years of age, primarily in women. Extrapulmonary TB is usually diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is given by positivity in the AFB (Alcohol-Acid Resistant Bacillus) in Ziehl-Neelsen staining by sample collected by fine-needle puncture or lymph node excision. Cyto and histological analysis demonstrate epithelial cells, caseous necrosis, and necrotic cells. Such findings, added to the presence of langerhan’s giant cells, favor the diagnosis of TB even in AFB and/or negative cultures. Mantoux test is usually positive. Culture is the definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision should be reserved for diagnostic in HIV-seronegative patients. The picture involves progressive and painless growth of the lymph node chain, which may reach 8–10 cm. One-sidedness occurs in most cases. Peripheral lymphadenopathy is common among breast pathologies. The case is unusual due to the suspicion of axillary lymphadenopathy being of neoplastic origin from compatible histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of a core biopsy. However, after the excision of lymph node clusters, histopathology showed the absence of tumor and metastatic cells. The analysis of slides with palisaded epithelioid granulomas and caseous necrosis, however, is consistent with TB lymphadenopathy. However, some points made such a verdict difficult such as negative fungal and alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli (AFB) research, as well as the presence of lymphadenopathy in the contra lateral armpit and inguinal chains, the absence of cervical lymph node enlargement and any other suggestive symptoms of associated extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The other possibilities include non-TB mycobacteria, Bartonella sp, fungi (Histoplasma) and parasites (Toxoplasma gondii), lymphomas, sarcomas, metastatic carcinomas, sarcoidosis, cat-scratch disease, and congenital lymphatic malformations. Treatment should be performed after the confirmation of diagnosis or when susceptibility to antimicrobials is suspected (empirical treatment). In the first 2 months of the treatment, Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol were used; followed by 4 months of Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The guidelines recommend surgical excision only in unusual situations, such as therapeutic failure. Ulceration, fistulas, and abscesses are complications. A 26-year-old female, nursing mother, breastfeeding only through the left breast due to a history of clefts in the right breast and with a family history of breast cancer, was referred to the breast service due to the appearance of painless nodules in her right armpit with progressive growth. Previously, she had been treated with Amoxicillin and Azithromycin, with no change in her condition. On physical examination, a lymph node aggregate was found in the right axilla. She underwent ultrasound and mammography examinations, which showed lymph nodes, measuring 2.9×1.3, 2×1.4, and 1.3×0.8 cm in the right armpit, compatible with BI-RADS IVc classification. It was decided to suppress lactation with Cabergoline and proceed with core biopsy, which showed fibrofatty tissue with chronic inflammation and epithelioid granuloma in the anatomopathological examination, and immunohistochemistry showed the markers CKM (AE1/AE3/PCK26), GATA-3 (L50-823), and Mamoglobin A (304-1A5) all negative, compatible with metastasis of primary breast cancer. After discussion, it was decided to proceed with the removal of the fused lymph nodes at level I of the right axilla. The histopathological diagnosis showed epithelioid and palisade granulomas with caseous necrosis in the lymph nodes, with negative BAAR research. Also, laboratory examinations for syphilis, HIV, HCV, and HBV were all negative and a clean chest x-ray. This patient will start treatment for TB.