Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Positive animal welfare »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Positive animal welfare"
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Hollands, Clive. « Toward positive animal welfare ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, no 4 (décembre 1991) : 757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00072381.
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Vigors, Belinda. « Citizens’ and Farmers’ Framing of ‘Positive Animal Welfare’ and the Implications for Framing Positive Welfare in Communication ». Animals 9, no 4 (4 avril 2019) : 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040147.
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Human perception can depend on how an individual frames information in thought and how information is framed in communication. For example, framing something positively, instead of negatively, can change an individual’s response. This is of relevance to ‘positive animal welfare’, which places greater emphasis on farm animals being provided with opportunities for positive experiences. However, little is known about how this framing of animal welfare may influence the perception of key animal welfare stakeholders. Through a qualitative interview study with farmers and citizens, undertaken in Scotland, UK, this paper explores what positive animal welfare evokes to these key welfare stakeholders and highlights the implications of such internal frames for effectively communicating positive welfare in society. Results indicate that citizens make sense of positive welfare by contrasting positive and negative aspects of welfare, and thus frame it as animals having ‘positive experiences’ or being ‘free from negative experiences’. Farmers draw from their existing frames of animal welfare to frame positive welfare as ‘good husbandry’, ‘proactive welfare improvement’ or the ‘animal’s point of view’. Implications of such internal frames (e.g., the triggering of ‘negative welfare’ associations by the word ‘positive’) for the effective communication of positive welfare are also presented.
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Petkun, H., O. Martyniuk et V. Nedosekov. « POSITIVE WELFARE INDICATORS IN DAIRY ANIMALS ». One Health Journal, no II (5 mars 2023) : 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/onehealthjournal2023-ii-06.
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The concept of "positive welfare" arose in response to the heavy focus on negative aspects when assessing the overall welfare of animals. Although one of the main components of welfare is the emotional status. The aim of this paper is to study and describe the existing, promising, reliable and feasible indicators of the positive welfare of dairy cows on farms. We conducted a search and critical analysis of scientific literature, articles, books and welfare assessment protocols in international databases (Web of Science, PubMed and ResearchGate) using the key words "positive «welfare», «indicator», «comfort», «relationship between human and animal», «emotions», «natural behaviour», «pleasure» combined with «cattle» and «cow». For structure, all indicators were divided into 4 groups: feeding, environment, behaviour and position of animal body parts.
A number of the most relevant and feasible indicators for assessing positive welfare in dairy cows were identified, namely: access to pasture, lying comfort, synchronization and qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA). Studies of the positions of the ears, tail and vocalization in dairy animals are promising for the further development of tests. Also an important indicator is the level of relations between a human and animal, as this indicator has a significant impact on the animal welfare.
We consider it relevant to conduct a practical study of these parameters directly on the farm with subsequent inclusion in the protocol for assessing the welfare of the dairy herd. We believe that this review will create a platform for research and discussion about the positive welfare of cows in Ukraine.
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Boivin, X., J. Lensink, C. Tallet et I. Veissier. « Stockmanship and Farm Animal Welfare ». Animal Welfare 12, no 4 (novembre 2003) : 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026075.
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AbstractHuman factors (attitudes, personality traits, self-esteem, job satisfaction) strongly determine our behaviour towards animals, animal production and animal welfare. Recent studies have emphasised positive human contacts as indicators of a stockperson's positive attitude towards animals and towards animal welfare in general. Stockmanship can be improved by careful selection of people and/or by training. However, little is known of the biological basis of the effect of stock handling procedures on the welfare of animals. The animal's perception of the stockperson (based both on emotional responses and cognitive aspects such as anticipation, recognition and categorisation), and the existence of sensitive periods in an animal's life, need to be explored in more depth, especially under farm conditions. We need to consider the complexity of human behaviour (eg husbandry practices, balance between positive and negative interactions, predictability, controllability) and its effect on animal welfare from the animal's point of view throughout its whole life. This paper identifies the importance of positive human contacts for both animals and stockpeople, and highlights the challenge to maintain such positive contacts despite the trend in modern agriculture to increase the number of animals per stockperson. This requires better knowledge of animal genetics, socialisation to humans during sensitive periods, and management of the social group. We emphasise the ethical importance of the human-animal relationship in the context of farm animal welfare and productivity.
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Miller, Lance J., Greg A. Vicino, Jessica Sheftel et Lisa K. Lauderdale. « Behavioral Diversity as a Potential Indicator of Positive Animal Welfare ». Animals 10, no 7 (16 juillet 2020) : 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071211.
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Modern day zoos and aquariums continuously assess the welfare of their animals and use evidence to make informed management decisions. Historically, many of the indicators of animal welfare used to assess the collection are negative indicators of welfare, such as stereotypic behavior. However, a lack of negative indicators of animal welfare does not demonstrate that an individual animal is thriving. There is a need for validated measures of positive animal welfare and there is a growing body of evidence that supports the use of behavioral diversity as a positive indicator of welfare. This includes an inverse relationship with stereotypic behavior as well as fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and is typically higher in situations thought to promote positive welfare. This review article highlights previous research on behavioral diversity as a potential positive indicator of welfare. Details are provided on how to calculate behavioral diversity and how to use it when evaluating animal welfare. Finally, the review will indicate how behavioral diversity can be used to inform an evidence-based management approach to animal care and welfare.
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Lawrence, Alistair B., Belinda Vigors et Peter Sandøe. « What Is so Positive about Positive Animal Welfare?—A Critical Review of the Literature ». Animals 9, no 10 (11 octobre 2019) : 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100783.
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It is claimed that positive animal welfare (PAW) developed over the last decade in reaction to animal welfare focusing too much on avoiding negatives. However, it remains unclear what PAW adds to the animal welfare literature and to what extent its ideas are new. Through a critical review of the PAW literature, we aim to separate different aspects of PAW and situate it in relation to the traditional animal welfare literature. We find that the core PAW literature is small (n = 10 papers) but links to wider areas of current research interest. The PAW literature is defined by four features: (1) positive emotions which is arguably the most widely acknowledged; (2) positive affective engagement which serves to functionally link positive emotions to goal-directed behavior; (3) quality of life which serves to situate PAW within the context of finding the right balance of positives over negatives; (4) happiness which brings a full life perspective to PAW. While the two first points are already part of welfare research going back decades, the two latter points could be linked to more recent research agendas concerning aggregation and how specific events may affect the ability of animals to make the best of their lives.
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Papageorgiou, Maria, et Panagiotis E. Simitzis. « Positive Welfare Indicators in Dairy Animals ». Dairy 3, no 4 (18 novembre 2022) : 814–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy3040056.
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Nowadays, there is growing interest in positive animal welfare not only from the view of scientists but also from that of society. The consumer demands more sustainable livestock production, and animal welfare is an essential part of sustainability, so there is interest in incorporating positive welfare indicators into welfare assessment schemes and legislation. The aim of this review is to cite all the positive welfare indicators that have been proposed for dairy animals in theory or practice. In total, twenty-four indicators were retrieved. The most promising are exploration, access to pasture, comfort and resting, feeding, and behavioral synchronicity. Qualitative behavioral assessment (QBA), social affiliative behaviors, play, maternal care, ear postures, vocalizations, visible eye white, nasal temperature, anticipation, cognitive bias, laterality, and oxytocin have been also studied in dairy ruminants. QBA is the indicator that is most often used for the on-farm welfare assessment. Among all dairy animals, studies have been performed mostly on cattle, followed by sheep and goats, and finally buffaloes. The research on camel welfare is limited. Therefore, there is a need for further research and official assessment protocols for buffaloes and especially camels.
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Vigors, Belinda, et Alistair Lawrence. « What Are the Positives ? Exploring Positive Welfare Indicators in a Qualitative Interview Study with Livestock Farmers ». Animals 9, no 9 (17 septembre 2019) : 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090694.
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To support the furtherance of positive animal welfare, there is a need to develop meaningful and practical positive welfare indicators for on-farm welfare assessment. Considering the perspectives of farmers is arguably critical in this regard. Doing so helps ensure positive welfare indicators reflect farmers’ existing welfare norms and attitudes and, are thus, of practical relevance to them. However, a key issue for such development is the dearth of knowledge on farmers’ perspectives of positive welfare. To address this, this study uses qualitative interviews to directly examine livestock farmers’ perspectives of positive welfare. Findings reveal that farmers describe elements of positive welfare which are broadly in line with indicators suggested in the positive welfare literature. These elements include animal autonomy, play, positive affect, positive human-animal relationships, social interaction, and appropriate genetic selection. Additionally, this study finds that farmers construct the reduction of negative aspects of welfare as their primary management concern and mostly construct positive welfare as arising indirectly from this. Insights into the importance that farmers of different sectors and systems give to different aspects of positive welfare indicators are also explored. The implications of these findings and the similitudes between farmers’ perspectives and the positive welfare literature are discussed.
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Muhammad, Mukhtar, Jessica E. Stokes et Louise Manning. « Positive Aspects of Welfare in Sheep : Current Debates and Future Opportunities ». Animals 12, no 23 (24 novembre 2022) : 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233265.
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The concept of positive welfare is an expansion of the traditional understanding that animal welfare is defined by minimizing stress, pain, suffering, and disease. Positive welfare shifts the animal welfare narrative from a focus on reducing negative experiences to proactively providing animals with opportunities to have positive experiences and feelings. The concept, although around for several decades, is in its infancy in terms of developing ways of assessing positive welfare on farms, especially in extensive systems, and there are challenges in the adoption of positive welfare practices and the monitoring of continuous improvement at the farm level. Using an iterative approach, this critical review aims to explore the extent to which positive welfare interventions and indicators are positioned and have been developed within the animal welfare literature for sheep. This paper critiques existing positive welfare indicators, such as choices in food and the physical environment, conspecific social synchronization, maternal bonds, intergenerational knowledge transfer, positive human–animal relationships, etc., as currently assessed by the ‘good life framework’. It also reviews the characteristics of scientific measures for (positive) affective states in the current sheep literature and their potential contribution to understanding positive welfare states in sheep. In conclusion, this paper provides recommendations for future research regarding sheep welfare.
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Russell, Alison, Laura Randall, Martin Green et Jake Thompson. « Positive welfare in dairy cows : role of the vet ». In Practice 46, no 9 (novembre 2024) : 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/inpr.487.
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Background: The livestock industry should ensure positive welfare for animals within its care, over and above the five freedoms. It is important that the general public approves of conditions that livestock inhabit for them to continue to purchase these products and feel positive in doing so. As custodians of animal health and welfare, veterinary clinicians must be equipped to advocate for improvements to welfare, as well as conventional herd health and individual case approaches. The environment an animal inhabits will impact its heath and production, but improvements to living conditions will also support positive welfare. Assessment of the environment is an essential step to identify areas to improve in the system; this will allow for subsequent advances in overall living conditions.Aim of the article: This article provides an overview of positive welfare and assessment in dairy cows and guides production animal vets on how to undertake evaluations on farm. It also informs practitioners on developments in the research of positive welfare in dairy cows and discusses how positive welfare opportunities can be provided on farms.
Thèses sur le sujet "Positive animal welfare"
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Marcet, Rius Miriam. « Physiological and behavioural indicators of positive animal welfare in pigs ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0013.
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Le premier pas pour assurer une bonne qualité de vie des animaux de production pourrait être la possibilité d’évaluer correctement leur bien-être. Pour cela, il serait essentiel de ne pas seulement inclure la détection de quelques problèmes de bien-être, mais aussi la détection des états de bienêtre positifs, comme l’émission d’émotions positives. En parallèle, être capable de mesurer l’apparition d’émotions négatives reste aussi essentiel, car, en définitive, il serait envisageable de considérer que le bien-être animal positif devrait inclure l’émission fréquente d’émotions positives associée à l’émission moins fréquente d’émotions négatives. Ainsi, la présence d’émotions positives et négatives devrait aussi être incluse dans l’évaluation du bien-être animal afin de tenir compte non pas seulement de la santé physique mais aussi de la santé mentale. Aujourd'hui, peu d’indicateurs existent mais seraient essentiels pour une meilleure compréhension de l’adaptation ou non à plusieurs pratiques effectuées dans les élevages et actuels systèmes de production. De plus, ce peu d’indicateurs ou mesures déjà existants ne sont pas toujours faisables et objectifs à évaluer. En conséquence, il existe un besoin d’investiguer des nouveaux indicateurs de bien-être animal positif, et particulièrement, des réponses émotionnelles. Ainsi, cette thèse a pour but principal d’examiner de potentiels indicateurs physiologiques et comportementaux du bien-être animal positif. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place cinq études, quatre avec portant sur des miniporcs et une portant sur des porcs domestiques commerciaux. Les quatre études avec les miniporcs ont été développés dans un cadre expérimental, tandis que la dernière le fut en conditions d’élevage. Une situation positive pour les animaux, en accord avec la littérature, a été créé dans toutes les études, et également, une situation contrôle, où plusieurs mesures ont été prises pour comparer les deux groupes. Ce travail a permis d’obtenir plusieurs résultats sur des potentiels indicateurs physiologiques et comportementaux de bien-être animal, qui pourraient être utilisés pour améliorer les actuelles méthodes d’évaluation de bien-être du porc. Concernant les indicateurs comportementaux, il a également apporté une caractéristique importante : la faisabilité des mesures. De plus, le travail a fourni une meilleure connaissance du vrai état des animaux et une meilleure compréhension de leurs émotions. Il a aussi contribué à avoir plus d’informations sur les différentes typologies de matériaux d’enrichissement, fait qui pourrait aider à résoudre l’actuelle difficulté à trouver le matériel le plus adéquat pour le porc, qui doit aussi être facile à gérer en élevage par les éleveurs ou techniciens. Finalement, ce travail est un exemple du lien entre différentes sciences, comme la physiologie, l’éthologie et le bien-être, entre autres, pour décrire scientifiquement l’état des animaux dans un contexte précisThe first step for ensuring a good quality of life for farm animals may be the ability to assess their welfare correctly. To do this, not only is it essential to include the detection of welfare problems but it is also essential to detect positive welfare states, such as the emission of positive emotions. The ability to measure the appearance of negative emotions is important, and positive animal welfare should also include frequent emissions of positive emotions and less frequent emissions of negative ones. Therefore, the presence of positive and negative emotions should be included in animal welfare assessments, and not only their physical health but also their mental health should be considered. Currently, few indicators of emotions exist, and such indicators are essential to better understand the adaptation or not of several husbandry practices in current production systems. Furthermore, the few existing indicators or measures are not always feasible and objective to evaluate. Therefore, research identifying new indicators of positive welfare, more specifically, indicators that reflect emotional responses, is needed. Thus, the present work mainly aimed at investigating potential physiological and behavioural measures of positive animal welfare. For this investigation, we conducted five studies: four with mini-pigs and one with domestic commercial pigs. The four studies with mini-pigs were performed in an experimental setting, whereas the last study was performed under farm conditions. In each study, a positive situation was created for the animals according to the literature as well as a control situation, and several measurements were taken to compare both groups. This work provides many interesting results about the potential physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare that could be used to improve current welfare assessments of pigs. The present behavioural indicators are important because they provide measures that are feasible. Furthermore, this work provides further knowledge of the real state of animals and a better understanding of their emotions. This work also provides information about different types of enrichment materials, which could help stockpersons and others who provide for and manage pigs find adequate material for enrichment. Finally, this work is an example of the way many different sciences, such as physiology, ethology and welfare, among others, can be linked to scientifically describe the state of animals in a specific context
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Bertenshaw, Catherine E. « The influence of positive human-animal interaction during rearing on the welfare and subsequent production of the dairy heifer ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270800.
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Bowell, Verity A. « Improving the welfare of laboratory-housed primates through the use of positive reinforcement training : practicalities of implementation ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3442.
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Whilst there has been a recent increase in interest in using positive reinforcement training for laboratory-housed primates, there remains a reluctance to put into practice training programmes. Much of this reticence seems to stem from lack of expertise in the running of training programmes, and a perception that training requires a large time investment, with concurrent staff costs. The aim of this thesis was to provide practical recommendations for the use of training programmes in laboratories, providing primate users and carestaff with background information needed to successfully implement training programmes whilst improving the welfare of the animals in their care. Training was carried out with two species, cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in three different research laboratories to ensure practicability was as wide ranging as possible. Training success and the time investment required were closely related to the primate's temperament, most notably an individual's willingness to interact with humans, in both common marmosets and cynomolgus macaques. Age and sex however had no effect on an individual's trainability. The training of common marmosets was more successful than that with cynomolgus macaques, possibly due to differences in early experience and socialisation. Positive reinforcement training helped both species to cope with the stress of cage change or cleaning, with the monkeys showing less anxiety-related behaviour following the training programme than before. Involving two trainers in the training process did not affect the speed at which common marmosets learned to cooperate with transport box training, but behavioural observations showed that initial training sessions with a new trainer led to animals experiencing some anxiety. This however was relatively transient. Whilst the training of common marmosets to cooperate with hand capture was possible, there seemed little benefit in doing so as the monkeys did not show a reduced behavioural or physiological stress response to trained capture as compared to hand capture prior to training. However strong evidence was found that following both training and positive human interactions the marmosets coped better with capture and stress was reduced. It is recommended that an increased use of early socialisation would benefit laboratory-housed primates, and would also help improve the success of training. Further, the time investment required shows that training is practicable in the laboratory for both species, and that positive reinforcement training is an important way of improving their welfare likely through reducing boredom and fear.
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Mescouto, Lopes Mariana. « Transcriptional and epigenetic responses of blood leukocytes in sows : towards new indicators of positive affective states ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NSARB380.
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L'évaluation des états affectifs chez les animaux d'élevage représente encore un défi majeur pour la science du bien-être animal, nécessitant des outils physiologiques pratiques pouvant être appliqués au niveau de la ferme. Des études humaines suggèrent que les profils d'expression génique et la méthylation de l'ADN dans les cellules immunitaires peuvent refléter des états affectifs. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier le transcriptome et le méthylome des cellules immunitaires chez des truies gestantes multipares présentant des états affectifs contrastés, résultant de différences dans les conditions physiques (enrichissement de l'environnement) ou sociales (statut de dominance). Dans le premier essai, les truies ont été logées pendant leur vie productive soit dans un environnement conventionnel, soit dans un environnement enrichi. Dans le deuxième essai, les truies ont été logées dans un environnement conventionnel pendant toute la gestation,tandis qu'un groupe avait accès périodiquement à un environnement enrichi. Les résultats montrent que l'enrichissement environnemental a eu un effet modeste sur le transcriptome et le méthylome des cellules immunitaires, quel que soit le protocole expérimental. En revanche, le statut de dominance a eu un impact significatif, en particulier sur les fonctions liées aux réponses humorales (essai 1). De plus, la parité s'est révélée être un facteur majeur influençant à la fois l'expression génique (essai 1 et 2) et les profils de méthylation de l'ADN (essai 1), soulignant l'importance de ce facteur même chez les truies multipares. Les résultats de cette thèse révèlent des gènes et/ou des fonctions biologiques potentiels qui pourraient être associés aux états affectifs des porcs, contribuant ainsi à une meilleure compréhension de ces aspects cruciaux pour le bien-être animalAssessing affective states in farm animals remains a major challenge in animal welfare science, requiring practical physiological tools that can be applied at the farm level. Human studies suggest that gene expression profiles and DNA methylation in immune cells can reflect affective states. This thesis aimed to investigate the transcriptome and methylome of immune cells in multiparous pregnant sows exhibiting contrasted affective states, resulting from differences in physical (environmental enrichment) or social (dominance status) conditions. In the first experiment, sows were housed during their productive lives in either a conventional or enriched environment. In the second experiment, sows were housed in conventional environments throughout gestation,with one group periodically accessing an enriched environment. The results showed that environmental enrichment had a modest effect on the transcriptome and methylome of immune cells, regardless of the experimental design. In contrast, dominance status had a significant impact, particularly on functions related to humoral responses (experiment 1). Additionally, parity was a key factor influencing both gene expression (experiments 1 and 2) and DNA methylation profiles (experiment 1), underscoring the importance of this factor even among multiparous sows. The findings of this thesis provide potential genes and/or biological functions that could be associated with pigs' affective states, contributing to a deeper understanding of these critical aspects of animal welfare
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Herrelko, Elizabeth S. « An assessment of the development of a cognitive research programme and introductions in zoo-housed chimpanzees ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3654.
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Zoological institutions emphasise the importance of excelling in the areas of animal welfare, conservation, education, and research, not only to better the lives of the animals under their care, but to also influence the general population in the pursuit to conserve the natural world. As a result, zoo life is anything but simple. This research project monitored the lives of a captive group of chimpanzees over a two-and-a-half-year period, during which time we explored four research topics while assessing the development of a cognitive research programme and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) introductions in a zoo: welfare, cognition, public engagement with science, and animal management. The project’s use of touchscreen technology and on-exhibit research was the first of its kind for the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland’s Edinburgh Zoo. As a result, the researchers placed a great deal of importance not only on assessing the welfare of the chimpanzees throughout training and testing phases, but also assessing the public’s perception of cognitive research being conducted through an internationally broadcast documentary about the project. In the short duration of the project, these research naïve chimpanzees did not fully grasp the concept of video selection in our free-choice activity, but overall, the introduction of a cognitive research programme did not compromise welfare, and the chimpanzees’ repeated interest suggests that chimpanzees found the research to be reinforcing. Partly funded by the BBC, the Chimpcam Project was shown in the UK (broadcast January 2010) and in a variety of other countries, including the United States and Canada (on Animal Planet in 2011). The broadcast allowed us to gather information over the internet on the wider public’s perception of conducting research with great apes in zoos, to complement data collected on visitors to the exhibit itself. Our assessment of the documentary’s impact on public perception showed that it had a positive influence on perceptions of zoo research, scientists, welfare, and the importance of choice for animals. During this research project, a new group of chimpanzees arrived in Edinburgh as part of the international breeding programme for western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). As the zoo’s focus switched to helping the two chimpanzee groups merge into one, we took the opportunity to apply psychological research to this context, namely the use of video as a research tool and the recognition of the importance of individual differences in response to challenge. The project maintained the cognition and welfare focus by using video introductions (allowing the chimpanzees to watch video footage of the individuals they were about to meet and track the formation of other sub-groups). In addition, personality ratings and chimpanzee behaviour during the visual access period (an animal management technique used prior to physical introductions where the groups could see each other without physical contact) were collected to examine the efficacy of these measures in guiding introductions in order to reduce risk. Personality ratings and behaviours observed during the video introductions could predict the chimpanzees’ behaviour during the physical introductions, however, the visual access period had no predictive power. The welfare implications of the introduction process were also assessed and suggested that: the choice of location (i.e. options of where to be) was more important than the total amount of available space; having individuals removed from your group was more stressful than having individuals added; self-directed behaviour (SDB) performance was context-specific where rubbing significantly increased during periods of uncertainty that were not necessarily negatively valenced; regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) decreased over time; and both in-group members and those of high ranks spent more time grooming others. Overall our data indicate that the chimpanzees coped well with both cognitive challenges and social upheaval during introductions. Despite being regularly studied in captivity and in the wild, chimpanzees have a great deal more to teach us about their world. In order to provide the best welfare for the chimpanzees in our care, we need to understand how research and management practices affect their lives and how the public interpret what we do as researchers. By understanding these aspects of their world, we can better serve those in captivity and influence public opinion on the importance of conserving those in the wild.
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McKinley, Jean. « Training in a laboratory environment : methods, effectiveness and welfare implications for two species of primate ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23412.
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The use of Positive Reinforcement Training (PRT) for co-operation during routine husbandry and laboratory procedures is widely advocated as a means of promoting the welfare of nonhuman primates. However, while research originating in US zoos provide qualitative descriptions of how PRT may be used in the training of a wide variety of species, quantitative data and evidence to support the view that PRT reduces stress predominately comes from laboratory studies of primates whose training may have used other methods. Despite official guidelines, training is rarely carried out in the UK and the educational and wider organisational structures concerning training, present in the US are largely absent. The techniques used in the UK were assessed through detailed observations recorded when four stump-tailed macaques were trained to co-operate during venipuncture. Data recorded during training sessions showed that although food rewards were given, their delivery was slow and inconsistent. A certain amount of coercion was used which violates a principle of PRT which states that co-operation should be voluntary. The macaques showed increasing resistance to the process and a mild but detrimental effect on the subsequent behaviour of the study animals. When training resumed 18 months later there were considerable improvements in the techniques used. The macaques showed a greater willingness to participate and there were no significant changes in their behaviour when training days were compared to those when training did not take place. The behaviour of the macaques during venipuncture was judged to be arising from engineered compliance rather than voluntary co-operation. However, it was concluded that the technique observed, if carried out correctly, was a reasonable compromise between forced restraint and voluntary co-operation given the paucity of evidence showing the effectiveness of PRT for invasive procedures. However, it was also concluded that the use of coercion should be recognised and provide a focus for future refinement. The effectiveness and welfare implications ofPRT was assessed through the training of common marmosets to target and allow in-homecage weighing and to provide urine samples. It was found that the trained animals perfonned reliably and that time invested in training could be recouped through faster data collection. Following a period of training or increased positive contact with humans, observations of marmoset behaviour showed a decrease in stress related behaviours and an increase in allogrooming supporting the view that improved relations with humans had a beneficial effect. Following exposure to a mild stressor, trained marmosets showed no elevation in levels of urinary cortisol or stress related behaviours. Untrained animals showed increased levels of locomoting and selfscratching following exposure to the same stressor. It was concluded that PRT successfully reduced the stress associated with the presence of, and manipulation by, humans. Final recommendations were that training can promote the welfare of nonhuman primates and should be used in UK laboratories to a greater extent than is currently the case. However, the lack of educational opportunities for animal trainers in the UK needs to be addressed. It was also recommended that in light of the growing evidence showing the benefits that can arise from training and good relations with humans, the zero-handling policy practiced in many UK zoos should be reassessed.
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Stomp, Mathilde. « Attention et positivisme au cœur du bien-être chez le cheval ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B061/document.
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L’évaluation des émotions positives chez l’animal est encore délicate. Pourtant, de nombreuses évidences démontrent l’intérêt de favoriser l’expression de ces émotions, notamment dans le but d’améliorer le bien-être des individus. Cette recherche vise à valider et identifier des indicateurs d’émotions positives chez le cheval. Dans un premier temps, une étude expérimentale basée sur l’utilisation d’accéléromètres, tout comme l’observation d’épisodes d’anticipation alimentaire quotidiens en centre équestre, ont permis d’identifier le déclenchement de l’anticipation et de mieux caractériser les comportements exprimés dans ce cadre. Nos résultats dévoilent que les comportements d’anticipation reflètent davantage un état de frustration. Ils ne constituent donc pas un indicateur fiable d’émotions positives. En revanche, une augmentation d’intensité de ces comportements semble indiquer un état de mal-être. Puis, en nous appuyant sur l’utilisation d’un casque permettant la mesure de l’activité électroencéphalographique chez des chevaux éveillés et libres de leurs mouvements, nous avons pu (i) confirmer l’importance de l’hémisphère gauche dans le traitement des émotions positives et de l’hémisphère droit dans le traitement attentionnel, (ii) mettre en évidence le rôle majeur des ondes thêta lors d’un traitement cognitif attentionnel, (iii) souligner l’interaction des processus émotionnels et attentionnels chez le cheval. Par ailleurs, si le test classique d’attention visuelle (VAT) constitue un bon outil de mesure des capacités attentionnelles d’un cheval au travail, ce même test réalisé sans humain apparait être un outil novateur de mesure de l’état de bien-être. Enfin, l’étude de la production de sons non-vocaux, basée sur une approche comparative combinant l’observation de chevaux de centre équestre et des chevaux vivant en condition semi-naturelle (favorable au bien-être), a révélé que l’ébrouement (hors contrainte respiratoire liée à une maladie ou à un équipement mal ajusté) serait un marqueur fiable d’émotions positives d’intensité modérée chez le cheval, puisqu’il exprimerait que ce dernier perçoit de façon positive son environnement. L’ensemble des recherches menées dans ce travail ouvrent vers des perspectives d’applications intéressantes dans le milieu équin, mais aussi d’un point de vue fondamental et méthodologiqueIndicators of positive emotions in animals are still scarce. However, many studies showed that favour these emotions is a promising way to improve individual welfare state. This study aims to validate and identify some indicators of positive emotions in horses. First, based both on an experimental study using accelerometers and the observation of riding school horses during their regular feeding time, we characterized anticipatory behaviours in this specie and showed that they were triggered by an environmental cue. Moreover, anticipatory behaviours were associated with frustration and thus were not reliable indicators of positive emotions. However, an increase of their intensity may reflect a poor welfare state. Then, the use of an EEG helmet designed for awake horses free from their movements, allowed us to (i) confirm the left-hemisphere bias for positive emotions processes and the right hemisphere bias for attentional processes, (ii) highlight the implication of theta waves in cognitive attentional processes, (iii) underline interactions between attentional and emotional processes in horses. Moreover, we showed that the measures of attentional characteristics thanks to a visual attention test (VAT) was useful to define attentional capacities at work. The same test conducted without a human was rather useful to evaluate the horses’ welfare state. Finally, a comparative approach based on the observation of horses living either in restricted or in naturalistic conditions revealed that snort (out of breathing difficulties due to illness or poorly fitting equipment) could be a reliable indicator of positive emotions of low intensity as it would be the expression of the horses’ positive appraisal of a situation. This works opens up promising fundamental and applied perspectives and applications
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Silva, Ana Luísa Sousa Almeida e. « Empatia para com os animais & ; bem-estar na adolescência : Diagnóstico e recomendações para a intervenção ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19481.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dados sobre a realidade portuguesa indicam que os níveis de saúde mental dos jovens têm vindo a diminuir. Internacionalmente, há estudos que demonstram o claro benefício da interação com os animais para o bem-estar, inclusivamente em públicos jovens. Em contexto nacional, não temos conhecimento de projetos desenhados especificamente para promover o bem-estar dos jovens, com uma abordagem de psicologia positiva, e em simultâneo desenvolver uma empatia para com os animais. Esta área da interação humano-animal está em franco crescimento, mas ainda existem lacunas e várias possibilidades no trabalho que pode ser feito.
Foi realizado um diagnóstico de necessidades, com uma amostra de 105 jovens, entre os 12 e os 19 anos, o bem-estar psicológico, o mindfulness, a empatia para com os animais, a gratidão e a interação com animais foram avaliados. Os resultados obtidos são consistentes com a literatura, confirmando a importância da gratidão no bem-estar psicológico e empatia para com os animais; assim como a relevância da interação direta com animais na empatia para com estes, e de forma marginal no bem-estar psicológico. Todavia, e em oposição à literatura, o mindfulness que não encontrou suporte estatístico, pelo que estes resultados devem ser analisados com cautela.
Posteriormente, foi apresentada uma proposta de um projeto denominado “CÃOPARSA - Empatizar & Bem-Estar”, que visa promover o bem-estar psicológico e aumentar a empatia para com os animais, de um grupo de jovens; numa abordagem de psicologia positiva. No final, as principais conclusões, limitações e direções futuras nesta área são discutidas.Data on the Portuguese reality suggests that the mental health levels of the Portuguese youth have been decreasing. At the international level, some studies demonstrate the clear benefit of animal interaction for well-being, including in young audiences. Nationally, we are not aware of projects specifically designed to promote young people's well-being, with a positive psychology approach, and at the same time develop empathy towards animals. This area of human-animal interaction is growing rapidly, but there are still gaps in the work that can be done, so it is pertinent to conduct a needs assessment study. A needs assessment study was carried out with a sample of 105 young people, aged 12-19 years, where levels of psychological well-being, mindfulness, empathy towards animals, gratitude and interaction with animals were evaluated. The results obtained are consistent with the literature confirming the importance of gratitude in psychological well-being and empathy towards animals; as well as the relevance of direct interaction with animals on empathy towards animals, and marginally on psychological well-being. However, contrary to the literature in this domain, the relationship with mindfulness did not find statistical support, so these results should be analysed with caution. Subsequently, a proposal was presented for a project called “CÃOPARSA - Empathize & Well-being”, which aims to promote psychological well-being and increase empathy towards animals in a group of young people; based on a positive psychology approach. The main conclusions, limitations and future directions of this work are discussed given its contributions to this field of research.
Livres sur le sujet "Positive animal welfare"
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Ball, Matt. The animal activists' handbook : Maximizing our positive impact in today's world. New York : Lantern Books, 2009.
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Association, American Veterinary Medical. Animal welfare : Position statements and background information. Schaumburg, Ill : The Association, 1991.
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Positive Aspects of Animal Welfare. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03928-533-4.
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Birmingham, Margarete S. Positive Affirmations to Heal Your Pet and Other Animals. Balboa Press, 2012.
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(Editor), Mark J. Prescott, et Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith (Editor), dir. Training Nonhuman Primates Using Positive Reinforcement Techniques : A Special Issue of the journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science). Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003.
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Prescott, Mark J., et Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith. Training Nonhuman Primates Using Positive Reinforcement Techniques : A Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Prescott, Mark J., et Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith. Training Nonhuman Primates Using Positive Reinforcement Techniques : A Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Prescott, Mark J., et Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith. Training Nonhuman Primates Using Positive Reinforcement Techniques : A Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Prescott, Mark J., et Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith. Training Nonhuman Primates Using Positive Reinforcement Techniques : A Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Prescott, Mark J., et Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith. Training Nonhuman Primates Using Positive Reinforcement Techniques : A Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Positive animal welfare"
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Rushen, Jeffrey, et Marie de Passillé. « The importance of good stockmanship and its benefits to animals. » Dans Improving animal welfare : a practical approach, 145–59. 3e éd. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0145.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This chapter describes the role of good stockmanship on the improvement of animal welfare, the detrimental effects of fear on productivity, the importance of positive attitudes towards animals for improving both welfare and productivity; how to train stockpeople to have more positive attitudes and how to remedy barriers to improving stockmanship.
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Ng, Yew-Kwang. « Animal Welfare : Beyond Human Happiness ». Dans Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion, 161–66. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_16.
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AbstractFor animals capable of affective feelings (enjoyment and suffering), we should also be concerned with their welfare. Welfare biology studies at least three basic questions: Which (species are capable of welfare)? Whether (their welfare is positive)? How (to increase their welfare? As affective feelings entail energy costs, species not capable of making flexible choices are not capable of affective feelings. The fact that members of most species either starve to death or are eaten before successful mating, their net welfare is likely negative. We could decrease animal suffering by banning pointless cruelty and making the living conditions of our farmed animals better (like increasing cage sizes of chicken farming). However, the widespread reduction of extensive animal suffering including wild animals will largely have to be left after our significant scientific/technological, economic, and moral advances. Excessively strict guidelines on animal experimentation that inhibit scientific/technological advances may thus be counter-productive in animal salvation in the long run.
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Broom, Donald M. « EU regulations and the current position of animal welfare. » Dans The economics of farm animal welfare : theory, evidence and policy, 147–55. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0147.
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Abstract In most countries of the world, sustainability issues are viewed by the public as of increasing importance and animal welfare is perceived to be both a public good and a key aspect of these issues. European Union animal welfare policy and legislation on animal welfare has helped animals, has had much positive influence in the world and has improved the public image of the EU. Health is a key part of welfare and the one-health and one-welfare approaches emphasize that these terms mean the same for humans and non-humans. The animals that humans use are described as sentient beings in EU legislation. Scientific information about animal welfare, like that produced by EFSA, is used in the formulation of the wide range of EU animal welfare laws. The European Commission has an animal welfare strategy including the Animal Welfare Platform. However, most kinds of animals kept in the EU are not covered by legislation, and they are subject to some of the worst animal welfare problems, so a general animal welfare law and specific laws on several species are needed. Animal sentience and welfare should be mentioned, using accurate scientific terminology, in many trade-related laws as well as in animal-specific laws.
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Edwards-Callaway, Lily N., et Tina M. Widowski. « Animal behavior and emotions - on-farm considerations. » Dans Improving animal welfare : a practical approach, 160–80. 3e éd. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0160.
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Abstract This chapter describes the role of behaviour in animal welfare assessment; the behavioural need of an animal; knowledge on emotional brain circuitry; the positive and negative emotions experienced by animals; the different types of tests for measuring animal preference, aversion and motivation and the consequences of behavioural deprivation.
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Lawrence, Alistair, et Belinda Vigors. « Farm animal welfare : origins, and interplay with economics and policy. » Dans The economics of farm animal welfare : theory, evidence and policy, 1–29. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0001.
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Abstract In this chapter we look at the origins of animal welfare as a societal concern and the interplay between the concept of animal welfare, economics and policy. We firstly propose adjustments to the 'standard view' of the development of animal welfare concerns (which we refer to as the Harrison-Brambell- FAWC (HBF) sequence). For example, we suggest that the role of science in setting animal welfare policy is a more complex process than is sometimes acknowledged. We discuss the application of economics to animal welfare including the analysis of the costs of animal welfare improvements to more recent work on trade-offs relating to animal welfare across the supply chain. Considering this range of uses of economics relating to animal welfare, we identify that the question of how to value animal welfare in economic terms remains unresolved. Lastly, we suggest that the period 1965-2008 may come to be regarded as a 'golden era' for the translation of animal welfare concerns into positive socio-political actions. We discuss a raft of issues which appear to have diminished the position of animal welfare in the policy 'pecking order'. However, societal concern over animal welfare will mean that government and others will need to be cautious of breaching 'red lines'. On a more positive note, the public profile that animal welfare enjoys will continue to provide the opportunity for policy and business innovations to improve animals' lives.
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Reid, Jacky, Andrea Nolan et Marian Scott. « Application of psychometrics to assess quality of life in animals. » Dans Bridging research disciplines to advance animal welfare science : a practical guide, 125–40. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247893.0008.
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Abstract Animal welfare research is gradually moving towards inclusion of positive welfare, with the consideration of how animals can be provided a good life or a life worth living. The concept of quality of life, which originates from human medical sciences, definitely contributes to this. In this chapter the developers of the health-related quality of life tool for dogs share their expertise.
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Mellor, D. J., et N. J. Beausoleil. « Moving beyond a problem-based focus on poor animal welfare toward creating opportunities to have positive welfare experiences. » Dans Mental health and well-being in animals, 50–66. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393401.0050.
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Akaichi, Faical, et Cesar Revoredo-Giha. « Consumer demand for animal welfare products. » Dans The economics of farm animal welfare : theory, evidence and policy, 53–74. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0053.
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Abstract Modern agricultural practices have increased the efficiency of food production with a decrease in their cost and prices for consumers. However, to some extent this has been detrimental to the ethical way in which livestock are treated, particularly in more intensive production systems. On the demand side, an increasing number of consumers are interested in the way that food is produced and the attributes behind it. Animal welfare is one of those ethical attributes that are particularly important for consumers, and at the retail level, it is reflected in a number of labels aiming at passing cues (due to its nature as a credence attribute) to consumers. For meat supply chains, these labels have the possibility to positively affect sales if consumers are willing to pay more for products with those attributes. Moreover, if increasing animal welfare implies higher costs of production, it is important for the supply chain to know whether these costs can be passed on to consumers. These issues have motivated a substantive literature on the measurement of consumers' interest in animal welfare and their willingness to pay for its attributes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the economic theory behind the measurement of animal welfare and some empirical applications.
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Nanda Kumar, T., Anisha Samantara et Ashok Gulati. « Poultry Value Chain ». Dans India Studies in Business and Economics, 227–52. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4268-2_7.
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AbstractIn the livestock sector in India, poultry farming holds a prominent position owing to its impressive growth led by the private sector. Poultry sector has shown rapid growth, with chicken meat growing at an average annual growth rate of 9% and eggs growing at 6% from 2000–01 to 2018–19 (DAHD DAHD (2020) Basic animal husbandry statistics 2020. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Government of India). The recent steady growth in domestic demand for chicken meat has made it possible to increase production with a ready market putting India among the top poultry producers in the world. India was the third-largest egg producer after China and the USA with a production of 88 billion eggs and fifth-largest chicken meat producer with a production of 3.5 million tonnes during 2017–18 (FAOSTAT (2018) Food and Agriculture data. Retrieved from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data). This transformation in the poultry sector was led by the commercial poultry industry which contributes about 80% of the total poultry production. The other 20% is produced by the traditional backyard poultry. The broiler industry is concentrated in the southern and western states and accounts for a major share of total output. Similarly, the layer industry is dominated by well-developed states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, accounting for nearly 60% of the production (DAHDF (2017) National Action Plan for Egg & Poultry-2022 for Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Government of India.). Commercial poultry farming is yet to make a dent in more populous states like Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
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Abioja, M. O., et J. A. Abiona. « Impacts of Climate Change to Poultry Production in Africa : Adaptation Options for Broiler Chickens ». Dans African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 275–96. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_111.
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AbstractGlobal climate change poses a great threat to poultry production. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are released through both natural and anthropogenic sources into the atmosphere. Though poultry production contributes little to the release of GHGs, the subsector has been shown to be greatly affected by climate change and global warming. Poultry production as a major subsector of agriculture has provided the teeming population with a supply of needed animal protein in terms of meat and egg production all over the world. It is yet a major global employer of labor. Though it occupies a vantage position in meeting human needs, it is being threatened by climate change, especially in Africa where necessary structure to tackle the menace is nonexistent. Broiler chickens that are reared mainly for chicken meat cannot tolerate the high ambient temperature that prevails mostly in the tropical environment. Chickens are homeotherms that homeostatically regulate core body temperature within a narrow range. Elevated ambient temperature above thermal comfort zone, such as envisaged in climate change scenarios, will trigger series of neuroendocrine modulations that are detrimental to the welfare and productivity in broiler chickens. Such birds are said to be undergoing heat stress (HS). Negative effects of HS include reduced feed consumption, growth rate, feed digestion and efficiency, immunity, welfare, and survivability. Various adaptive measures that could be harnessed by broiler farmers, ranging from housing, feeding, watering, stocking, breeding for thermo-tolerant strains, thermal conditioning, use of phytochemicals, and much more, are reviewed upon in this chapter.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Positive animal welfare"
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Samolovac, Ljiljana, Slavča Hristov, Marina Lazarević, Nenad Mićić, Dragan Nikšić, Dušica Ostojić-Andrić et Tamara Stamenić. « THE PHYSIOLOGICAL FORMS OF CALVES BEHAVIOUR IN THE ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE ». Dans 2nd International Symposium on Biotechnology. Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt29.27ls.
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The behaviour of calves is a response to stimuli from the environment causing movement, actions and changes in body position, affecting the health and welfare of the animals. We distinguish four categories of physiological behaviour: – Behaviour related to basic needs such as movement, nutrition, rest and sleep. – Exploratory behaviour that enables getting to know the living environment. – Territorial behaviour and protection of safety and social order. – Sexual and parental behaviour for the protection of the genome and the extension of the species. The positive emotional state of animals is manifested through the freedom to express these forms of behaviour and social contact with other individuals, which reduces stress and fear. The goal of the care for animal welfare is to minimize exposure to negative emotions by optimizing these factors. The present study, carried out on two farms with an intensive system of housing and rearing calves up to 30 days of age, showed significant weaknesses and deficiencies in the way calves are kept immediately after birth, up to 7 days of age. Namely, of 9 forms of physiological behaviour, 5 rated 1 or 2. The situation was somewhat better in the age category of calves between 8 and 30 days, where only one form, reproductive behaviour, was absolutely impossible. In order to improve the quality of calf welfare, it is necessary to provide better rearing conditions that would enable the manifestation of basic physiological forms of behaviour.
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Slatinek, David, Andrej Toplak, Maja Prevolnik-Povše, Marko Cincović, Rok Marzel et Jože Starič. « Technopaties in dairy cows : Peritarsal lesions ». Dans Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24029s.
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Technopathies in dairy cows represent a complex interplay between technological advancements, management practices, and animal health. While technological innovations have undoubtedly improved efficiency and productivity, they also introduce new challenges, particularly in relation to the health and welfare of dairy cows. Lameness associated with claw pathology is one of a prevalent technopathy in dairy cows. However, it can be associated also by other pathologies, including peritarsal lesions. This paper aims to explore the peritarsal lesions in dairy cows, their prevalence in selected Slovenian herds and their connection to flooring and cubicle type. Tarsal region was evaluated in 16 dairy herds in NE Slovenia. We assessed 881 dairy cows. Type (alopecia, erosions, decubitus, swelling) and size (up to 3 cm2 , < 20 cm2 , < 50 cm2 and >50 cm2 ) of lesions were documented. In all herds type of flooring and cubicles were recorded including their size and occupancy %. Results were statistically evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlations and ANOVA analysis. Significance was set at p<0.05. Out of 881, 373 (42.3%) had peritarsal lesions. The prevalence on herd level was from slightly above 2 to more than 70%. We noticed that peritarsal lesions are more prevalent in herds with high cubicles, than in those with deep cubicles. Cubicle occupancy rate statistically non-significantly influenced peritarsal health. Results of the study surprised us, as we have expected far lower prevalence of peritarsal lesions. A positive fact is that we also had a herd with very favorable status concerning hock lesions, which proves that much better situation in this issue can be achieved. Collaborative efforts among researchers, veterinarians, and farmers are essential for identifying key issues leading to technopathies, implementing effective mitigation strategies, and promoting sustainable dairy farming practices.