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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Portugal – History – 17th century »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Portugal – History – 17th century"

Truong, Anh Thuan, et Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. « Trade Activities and the Spread of Christianity by Portugal : Port of Faifo (Vietnam) ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, n^o 1 (2022) : 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.109.

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In the 16th and 17th centuries, Faifo (Hoi An, Quang Nam province) emerged as one of the busiest international trading ports in Southeast Asia in general and in Vietnam in particular. At the same time, in Europe, Portugal and its formidable navy discovered a new maritime route to Asia. Using this knowledge, the Portuguese became one of the first Western states to explore this part of the world and laid the foundation for trade and missionary activities in a number of different countries and locations there. Among them, Faifo (in Vietnam) was a notable example. In fact, for almost a century (from the second half of the 16th century to the middle of the 17th century), the Portuguese had established business relationships and played an important role in trading activities in Faifo. Meanwhile, the Portuguese Crown strongly supported the Jesuit priests, aiding them in becoming the first Catholic missionary force based in Vietnam, thereby allowing for the introduction and spread of Christianity in Faifo as well as in other locations around Cochinchina. However, at the end of the 17th century, for a number of different factors, Portugal gradually lost its important role in trading and missionary activities in the port of Faifo. This article examines the Portuguese commercial and missionary activities in Faifo in the 16th and 17th centuries. It also aims to make a specific contribution to clarifying the relationship of exchange between Vietnam and Portugal in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Castro, F. « The Pepper Wreck, an early 17th-century Portuguese Indiaman at the mouth of the Tagus River, Portugal ». International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 32, n^o 1 (août 2003) : 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijna.2003.1067.

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Ricupero, Rodrigo. « A valorização da terra ou extração de riquezas : o discurso sobre o Brasil na primeira metade do século XVII. » Temas Americanistas, n^o 47 (2021) : 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/temas-americanistas.2021.i47.05.

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: A partir da análise das obras de Diogo de Campos Moreno, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (provável autor dos Diálogos das Grandezas do Brasil) e Frei Vicente do Salvador e de outras fontes, o artigo procura captar a percepção da época, primeiras décadas do século XVII, sobre a dinâmica colonial e caracterizar uma primeira tomada de consciência, expressa na contraposição entre a valorização da terra ou na defesa do Brasil, por um lado, e na ambição de extrair riquezas a serem usufruídas em Portugal, por outro. Tais comportamentos que com o tempo seriam associados, com mais ou menos razão, aos proprietários rurais e aos mercadores reinóis, acabariam conformando, nas palavras de Evaldo Cabral de Mello, o antagonismo fundamental da sociedade colonial.

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Palma, Luís Manuel. « Tracking the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey across the Atlantic : hints from language, literature, history and geography ». Arquivos de Zoologia 48, n^o 4 (20 décembre 2017) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v48i1p115-130.

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Guincho, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is unique and ancestral. It is found in several sorts of fictional literature from the 16th up to the early 20th centuries in the form of a metaphor born from an old popular proverb. The first time the name appears as the vernacular designation of the osprey is in a 17th falconry treatise, and then in old dictionaries and early ornithological monographs and catalogues throughout the 18th to early 20th centuries. In Portugal, however, the name barely survives, partly due to the species demise in the country during the 20th century, but mainly because it was gradually replaced by an erudite term in ornithological literature since the middle 19th century. However, given the conspicuousness of the species and its nests, the name and its composites are retained in a number of places along the coast. And, following the Portuguese diaspora of the 16th-18th centuries, the term spread to the archipelagos of Madeira, Cape Verde and the Canaries where it impregnated the local vocabulary and again gave the name to many coastal places. Then, it moved from the Canaries to the Spanish speaking areas of the Caribbean riding the mass migration of Canary Islanders to the new colonies. In consequence, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey is still fully used in several island countries across the Atlantic. The remarkable presence of the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey in language, literature and geography allows its rehabilitation as the proper popular name of the species and sanctions its legitimacy as a tool for reconstructing the ancient historical ranges of the osprey. Ultimately, revaluing the name is also a matter of cultural preservation, which compliments and enriches the current efforts for the species recovery in Portugal.

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Santos, Rui. « The agrarian economy of the region of Évora in the first half of the 17th century (1595–1660) : an exploration of main indicators ». Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 23, S1 (mars 2005) : 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900012349.

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RESUMENEste artículo intenta establecer la cronología y dinámica de la depresión del siglo XVII en la región de Évora, en el sur de Portugal. El examen de un conjunto de variables clave –estadísticas vitales, precios de alimentos y renta de la tierrasitúa el inicio de la depresión en la última década del siglo XVI, así como su continuación hasta 1660. Se detectan varios intentos de recuperación, pero todos ellos cortados por malas cosechas, a veces asociadas con epidemias y guerra. En conjunto, las alzas de precios de los alimentos aparecen asociadas con signos de depresión en las demás variables. Esto parece indicar que esas alzas venían dictadas por el comportamiento de la oferta, no de la demanda, pesando gravemente sobre los ingresos de la mayor parte de las familias, mientras que los campesinos resultaban incapaces de aprovecharlas.

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Uvarov, Pavel. « Historical Research and Directions of French Royal Expansion in 16th — 17th Centuries ». ISTORIYA 12, n^o 7 (105) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015333-5.

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In the seventeenth century, the search for the “forgotten” rights of the king were an important aid in organizing French expansion, mainly in the eastern and northeastern directions. At the sovereign courts of Lorraine, Alsace and Franche-Comté “chambers of annexations” (chambres d’annexion) were created in 1680 to organize search for archival documents supporting royal claims to neighboring lands. The idea of creating special institutions engaged in the search for documents revealing the precedents of relations with other countries and forgotten rights, that French king had supposedly enjoyed in those parts, was expressed back during the reign of Henry II. In 1556, Raoul Spifame, a lawyer at the Paris Parliament, published a book consisting of fictitious royal decrees, of which many would be implemented in the future. Among other things he ordered, on behalf of the king, the creation of thirty chambers, each specializing in the search for documents in the “treasury of charters” relating to a particular province. He had determined the composition of these chambers, the procedure for work and the form of reporting, — all this in order to arm the king with knowledge of his forgotten rights and the content of antique treaties and agreements. The nomenclature of “provincial chambers” is especially interesting, from the Chambers of Scotland and England to the Chamber of Tunisia and Africa, as well as the Chamber of Portugal and the New Lands. Much more attention was attracted by those lands to which a century later the French expansion would be directed: Franche-Comté, Artois and Flanders, Lorraine, the Duchy of Cleves. But more than half of chambers specialized in the Italian lands. This is not surprising, since in the 1550s France was entering the climax of the Italian Wars. Under Henry II (1547—1559) one of the four secretaries of state, Jean du Thier, was the person responsible for the southwestern direction of French policy. There is reason to believe that Spifame was associated with du Thier or with other members of the king’s “reform headquarters”. The large-scale transformations already at work were interrupted by the unexpected death of Henry II and the subsequent Wars of Religion. But continuity was inherent in the “spirit of the laws” of the Ancien Régime, so Spifame was able to predict future developments, including the creation of “chambers of annexation”.

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Truong, Anh Thuan. « Conflicts among religious orders of Christianity : А study of Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, n^o 2 (2021) : 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.214.

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During the 17th and 18th centuries, the presence as well as activities of religious orders of Christianity in Vietnam, predominantly the Society of Jesus, Mendicant Orders (Franciscan Order, Dominican Order, etc.), and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, to establish or maintain and strengthen the interests of some Western countries’ (Portugal, Spain, France) missionary work in this country led to conflicts and disputes over the missionary area as well as the right to manage missionary activities among religious orders of Christianity. From 1665 to 1773, the Vietnamese Catholic Church witnessed protracted disputes and conflicts between Jesuits sponsored by the Portuguese and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris backed by France. While contradictions between them remained unresolved, from the first half of the 18th century onwards, conflicts and disputes between the Spanish Franciscan Order and the missionaries of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris continued to arise. This influenced the development of Christianity in Vietnam during this period. Based on original historical sources and academic achievements of Vietnamese scholars as well as international, this article applies two main research methods of the history of science (historical and logical methods) with other research methods (systemic, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) to closely examine the “panorama” of the conflicts between the religious orders of Christianity that took place in Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries. The article analyzes the underlying and direct cause of this phenomenon, making certain contributions to the study of the relationship among religious orders in the process of introduction and development of Christianity in Vietnam, as well as the history of East-West cultural exchange in the country during this period.

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Cabral, João Paulo. « Que plantas eram cultivadas no Horto Real de Xabregas criado por Gabriel Grisley em Lisboa no século XVII ? » História da Ciência e Ensino : construindo interfaces 20 (29 décembre 2019) : 714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp714-724.

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Resumo Gabriel Grisley, médico, botânico e químico alemão, veio para Portugal na década de 1610. Em Lisboa, perto da foz do rio Xabregas, criou um horto que teve privilégio régio. Percorreu o reino estudando a flora espontânea e cultivada. Além de Viridarium lusitanicum (1661), publicou a obra Desenganos para a medicina (1656) onde enumera e descreve 260 plantas medicinais, a maioria das quais estaria em cultura no Horto Real de Xabregas. A partir dos nomes comuns das plantas e dos nomes latinos usados por Grisley, e recorrendo a bibliografia especializada, foi possível identificar, com razoável certeza, todas estas 260 plantas. Cerca de 2/3 eram espécies da flora espontânea portuguesa. A grande maioria era de herbáceas ou lenhosas de pequeno porte. Existiam 20 arbustos, mas só cinco árvores. Todas as plantas são referidas como medicinais em bibliografia moderna, indicando que o horto de Xabregas era de cariz medicinal, como era usual nesta época. As obras de Grisley não têm merecido a devida atenção, em parte devido à inerente dificuldade em identificar plantas designadas por nomenclaturas pré- lineanas. A identificação feita no presente trabalho de todas as plantas mencionadas em Desenganos para a medicina e muito provavelmente cultivadas no Horto Real de Xabregas é o ponto de partida para um melhor conhecimento da história natural e da matéria médica do Portugal de Seiscentos, temática para a qual a informação disponível é muito escassa. Palavras-chave: Gabriel Grisley; Horto Real de Xabregas; Portugal Abstract Gabriel Grisley, a german physician, botanist, and chemist, came to Portugal in the 1610s. In Lisbon, near the mouth of the Xabregas River, he created a garden that had royal privilege. He toured the kingdom studying the spontaneous and cultivated flora. In addition to Viridarium lusitanicum (1661), he published Desenganos para a medicina (1656), where he lists and describes 260 medicinal plants, most of which were probably cultivated in the Royal Garden of Xabregas. From the common names of the plants and Latin names used by Grisley, and consulting specialized literature, it was possible to identify, with reasonable certainty, all these 260 plants mentioned in Desenganos. About 2/3 were species of the Portuguese spontaneous flora. The vast majority were herbaceous or small woody plants. There were 20 shrubs, but only five trees. All plants are referred as medicinal in the modern bibliography, indicating that the Royal Garden of Xabregas was medicinal, as was usual at this time. Grisley's works have not deserved due attention, in part because of the inherent difficulty in identifying plants designated by pre- Linnaean nomenclatures. The identification made in the present work of all the plants mentioned in Desenganos para a medicina and most probably cultivated in the Royal Garden of Xabregas is the starting point for a better knowledge of the natural history and the medical matter of the Portugal in the 17th century, a theme for which the available information is very scarce. Keywords: Gabriel Grisley; Royal Garden of Xabregas; Portugal.

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Truong, Anh Thuan, et Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. « Trade of the Portuguese Royal and Private Traders in India from the 16th to the 19th Century ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, n^o 4 (2022) : 704–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.409.

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The 16th–19th centuries was the period that witnessed the ups and downs development of the trade of the Portuguese Crown and the Portuguese private traders in India. In fact, the maritime trade of the Portuguese Crown only developed significantly in the 16th century; from the 17th century, because of different reasons, it declined gradually. Finally, it had to depend on the British at the end of the 19th century. In contrast with the Portuguese Crown trade, although the commerce of the Portuguese private merchants had to face a lot of difficulties, it continued to expand its role and influence during the four centuries (16th–19th). This article summarizes the trade of Portuguese royal and Portuguese private commercial activities in India from the 16th to the 19th century. On that basis, the authors of this article analyze and point out the core characteristics which fully and comprehensively reflect the development of commercial activities of the Portuguese royal family and merchants in India during this period. To conduct this research, the authors rely on the research results of scholars around the world directly or indirectly related to this issue and use two main research methods of Historical Science, including the historical method and the logical method. In addition, the authors also use several other research methods such as analysis, synthesis, statistics, and comparison. The completion of this study will make a scholarly contribution by helping researchers to have a more comprehensive and in-depth view of Portugal’s commercial activities in Asia in general and India in particular from the 16th to the 19th century.

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Abdullah, M. Adli, et Azmi Arifin. « The History of "Tuan Seberang" (Tun Seri Lanang) Based on Aceh and Dutch Sources ». Malay Literature 30, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2017) : 204–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.30(2)no2.

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This study discusses the position of Tuan Seberang, a prominent figure of the Malay Peninsula, who was immensely influential in shaping the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam in the 17th century. His prominence was evident when the book of Aceh’s historiography, Ma Bain-as-Salatin , clearly showed the position of and role played by Tuan Seberang in the administration of this kingdom. However, to date, there are rarely historians who have actually examines the position and prominence of Tuan Seberang, either when he was in Aceh or in the Peninsula. To be sure, Tuan Seberang was a prominent figure who was highly respected by the Portuguese and Dutch because of his huge contribution to the administration of this kingdom during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641) and Sultan Safiatuddin Syah (1641-1675). In this study, the author examines the issue of who Tuan Seberang really was, the role he played, his contribution and his relationship with the rulers and Aceh’s political figures. Keywords: Tuan Seberang, Tun Seri Lanang, Sulalat-us-Salatin , Ma Bain- as-Salatin , The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam Abstrak Kajian ini membincangkan kedudukan Tuan Seberang, tokoh Melayu Semenanjung, yang sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam pada kurun ke-17. Ketokohannya terbukti apabila karya historiografi Aceh, Ma Bain-as-Salatin dengan jelas memerihalkan kedudukan dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh Tuan Seberang dalam pentadbiran kerajaan itu. Namun sehingga kini, jarang terdapat ahli sejarah yang benar-benar meneliti kedudukan dan peranan Tuan Seberang secara khusus, sama ada semasa beliau berada di Aceh atau di Semenanjung. Padahal Tuan Seberang merupakan seorang tokoh terkemuka yang sangat dihormati oleh Portugis dan Belanda kerana sumbangan besarnya kepada pentadbiran kerajaan tersebut semasa pemerintahan Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641 ) dan Sultan Safiatuddin Syah (1641-1675). Dalam kajian ini, penulis meneliti tentang persoalan siapa sebenarnya Tuan Seberang dalam sejarah Aceh, peranan dan sumbangannya serta hubungannya dengan para pemerintah dan tokoh politik Aceh. Kata kunci: Tuan Seberang, Tun Seri Lanang, Sulalat-us-Salatin, Ma Bain- as-Salatin, Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam

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Thèses sur le sujet "Portugal – History – 17th century"

Kawata, Viviane da Cruz. « Soldado de Corte : estudo da destreza em Espanha e Portugal no século XVII ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-21082012-101940/.

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Esta dissertação para obtenção do título de Mestre em História Social analisa três manuais de manejo de espadas, escritos em Portugal e Espanha entre 1580 e 1630. A partir de sua leitura conduzimos reflexões acerca da sociedade de corte, Processo Civilizador, lugar social da espada e duelos. Devido à datação dos manuais enfocamos nossas análises nos reinados Habsburgo e na Restauração de Portugal.
This dissertation for obtaining the title of Master in Social History analyses three manuals of sword handling, written in Portugal and Spain between 1580 1630. From their reading we have conducted reflections on Courtly society, Civilizing Process, social place of the sword and duels. Due to the date of the manuals we have focused our analysis on the Habsburg kingship and the Restoration of Portugal.

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Serrath, Pablo Oller Mont. « O Império Português no Atlântico : poderio, ajuste e exploração (1640-1808) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-06112013-094942/.

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O império português, formado por conquistas espalhadas pelas mais diversas regiões do globo terrestre, teve o pluralismo administrativo, a promoção de ajustes e a capacidade inventiva como soluções de governabilidade e importantes sustentáculos da dominação. Estendendo-se por terras além-mares, dependeu de mecanismos de mando capazes de conviver com os poderes locais e com as dificuldades impostas pela distância e por diferentes conjunturas. O período entre a Restauração de Portugal, em 1640, e a Abertura dos Portos do Brasil para as nações estrangeiras, em 1808, caracterizou-se por longo movimento de planos e práticas para promover e melhorar a exploração econômica lusitana no ultramar. O trabalho ora apresentado tem o Atlântico como espaço destacado e visa estudar as ações propostas e efetivadas pela Coroa portuguesa para manter, reordenar e ampliar o seu império, consolidadas na lógica de um sistema mercantil imperial; composto pelo centro e pelas distintas partes à volta dele, visando garantir o comércio ultramarino e os subsequentes ganhos da e na metrópole, e cuja gestão teve como principal característica a adaptabilidade.
The Portuguese Empire, formed by conquests spread over most regions of the globe, had the administrative pluralism, promotion of adjustments and inventiveness as solutions to governance and important pivot of domination. Extending for lands beyond the seas, it depended on mechanisms of command able to deal with local authorities and with the difficulties imposed by distance and different conjunctures. The period between Portugals Restoration in 1640, and the opening of Brazilian Ports to foreign friendly nations, in 1808, was characterized by intense planning movement and practices to promote and improve the economic Lusitanian exploitation overseas. This work has the Atlantic as main scenario and aims to study the actions proposed and effected by the Portuguese Crown to maintain, rearrange and expand the Empire, consolidated in the logic of an imperial mercantile system, composed of the center and the many different parts around it, aiming to ensure the overseas trade and subsequent gains for the metropolis and also inside it, and whose management had as main characteristic adaptability.

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Palomo, Federico. « António Francisco Cardim, la misión del Japón y la representación del martirio en el mundo portugués altomoderno ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122053.

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This paper explores the contribution of Portuguese Jesuit António Francisco Cardim’s work entitled Elogios, e ramalhete de flores borrifadocom o sangue dos religiosos da Companhia de Iesu (Roma 1646/Lisboa 1650) to laying the textual and visual foundation for the Society of Jesus’ discourse on, and representations of, martyrdom in the 16th and 17th centuries. The paper discusses first the circumstances of the preparation and circulation (in manuscript and print) of the volume for propaganda and spiritual education purposes. Additionally, in the light of the contemporaneous production on Japan, the paper explores the images used in the printed editions of the Elogios, especially their roots, their relation to the narrations, and the way in which images and text reflected a perception of martyrdom well ingrained in the Jesuit discourse.
El presente trabajo estudia la contribución ibérica a la construcción del patrimonio textual y visual sobre el cual la Compañía de Jesús, durante los siglos XVI y XVII, elaboró sus discursos y representaciones en torno al martirio. En concreto, analiza la obra del jesuita portugués António Francisco Cardim titulada Elogios, e ramalhete de flores borrifado com o sangue dos religiosos da Companhia de Iesu (Roma, 1646/Lisboa, 1650). En primer lugar, toma en consideración algunos aspectos relativos a los contextos de elaboración y circulación (manuscrita e impresa) del volumen, teniendo en cuenta sus objetivos propagandísticos y edificantes. Tras situar el escrito de Cardim en el marco de la producción contemporánea sobre Japón, se considera asimismo la naturaleza de las imágenes que se incorporaron a las ediciones impresas de los Elogios, susmúltiples raíces, su relación con las narrativas que acompañaban y el modo en el que textos y grabados reflejaban una percepción sobre el martirio bien arraigadaen el discurso jesuita.

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Nelson, Bernadette. « The integration of Spanish and Portuguese organ music within the liturgy from the latter half of the sixteenth to the eighteenth century ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b736ca8f-0bb7-47a4-9ac4-2102b6cc3acb.

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Spanish and Portuguese organ music still remains a relatively unchartered area escaping the attention of most general assessments of European musical history. The work which has been done in this field has tended towards stylistic appreciations of the published large-scale compositions and the compilation of short biographies of prominent musicians. No extensive investigation has yet been undertaken which deals with such fundamental issues as the role of the organist and the origins and function of the extant organ repertory, of which a large proportion lies dormant in manuscripts, within the liturgy. Indeed, there is no monograph about organists and organ music in the Iberian peninsula as a whole. The overall aim of this thesis is to provide a musical background and liturgical context for short organ pieces called versos which were thoroughly integrated within a musical celebration of the Offices. For this end, a variety of musical and documentary material has been examined: practical sources of organ music; plainchant manuals; ceremonials and musical treatises. To an enormous extent this organ music was subject to long-standing liturgical customs and legislation, as well as to strongly defined traditions of musical composition. The prescriptions to the organist given in the ecclesiastical constitutions and how these may have been realized in the Canonical Hours and in the Mass constitutes the essence of part two of this thesis. This interpretation of musico-liturgical practices has entailed an examination of the relationship between plainchant and the organ verset and the technicalities of mode and tranposition which were involved when alternating the organ with choral plainchant. An analysis is also made of the musical development of versets based on the psalm-tones, organ hymns (the Pange lingua in particular) and the 'organ mass'. An anthology of transcriptions complementing this discussion is contained in a separate volume. As a counterbalance to the analytical discussion in part two, part one provides an historical and cultural background to the subject. An assessment is made of the contribution made by individual organists and organ 'schools' and some consideration is made of the extent to which both royal and ecclesiastical patronage was responsible for the livelihood of music and the arts.

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Ellwood, Mark Richard. « The Roman Catholic peerage and the Crown in late seventeenth-century Ireland ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610232.

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Billinge, Richard. « Nature, grace and religious liberty in Restoration England ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:18c8815b-4e57-45f5-b2c1-e31314a09d4f.

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This thesis demonstrates the importance of scholastic philosophy and natural law to the theory of religious uniformity and toleration in Seventeenth-Century England. Some of the most influential apologetic tracts produced by the Church of England, including Richard Hooker's Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Robert Sanderson's Ten lectures on humane conscience and Samuel Parker A discourse of ecclesiastical politie are examined and are shown to belong to a common Anglican tradition which emphasized aspects of scholastic natural law theory in order to refute pleas for ceremonial diversity and liberty of conscience. The relationship of these ideas to those of Hobbes and Locke are also explored. Studies of Seventeenth-Century ideas about conformity and toleration have often stressed the reverence people showed the individual conscience, and the weight they attributed to the examples of the magistrates of Israel and Judah. Yet arguments for and against uniformity and toleration might instead resolve themselves into disputes about the role of natural law within society, or the power of human laws over the conscience. In this the debate about religious uniformity could acquire a very philosophical and sometimes theological tone. Important but technical questions about moral obligation, metaphysics and theology are demonstrated to have played an important role in shaping perceptions of magisterial power over religion. These ideas are traced back to their roots in scholastic philosophy and the Summa of Aquinas. Scholastic theories about conscience, law, the virtues, human action and the distinction between nature and grace are shown to have animated certain of the Church's more influential apologists and their dissenting opponents. The kind of discourse surrounding toleration and liberty of conscience is thus shown to be very different than sometimes supposed. Perceptions of civil and ecclesiastical power were governed by a set of ideas and concerns that have hitherto not featured prominently in the literature about the development of religious toleration.

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Miyoshi, Riki. « Thomas Killigrew and Carolean stage rivalry in London, 1660-1682 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0cf4bd8a-041c-47a9-b82f-bb38ce159dd7.

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This thesis has two aims: to make an original contribution to knowledge by demonstrating the importance of theatrical rivalry to the development of drama in the Carolean period (the reign of Charles II), and to re-evaluate the managerial career of Thomas Killigrew (1612-1683). This is the first detailed survey of the circumstances in which the King's Company and the Duke's Company competed and an analysis of the troupes' devices of plotting and counter-plotting during their twenty-two years of stage rivalry from 1660 to 1682. As well as charting the stage rivalry between the two companies, my dissertation argues that Killigrew was a competent but unscrupulous and devious playhouse-manager. A close analysis of his managerial career will show how Thomas Killigrew was the central figure in the Carolean stage rivalry in London and how he helped to shape the future of English theatre. The survey starts from Killigrew's beginnings as the manager of the King's Company from 1660 and concludes in 1682 when the King's Company was effectively taken over by its rival, the Duke's Company, to make one United Company, thus ending the span of theatrical competition in the Carolean period. Each chapter is divided in accordance with the beginning and end of significant events of rivalry and are organised chronologically at different phases of the competition. The first chapter provides the historical background of the establishment of the patent grants and the gradual consolidation of the monopoly over dramatic entertainment in London. In charting the initial stages of the development of the King's Company and the Duke's Company from 1660 to 1663, this chapter argues that it was largely due to Thomas Killigrew's underhandedness that the King's Company began the competition in an advantageous position. The second chapter focuses on the theatrical competition from 1663 to 1668. Until 1663 both companies were busy consolidating their duopoly and the competition between the two managers ended abruptly with William Davenant's death in 1668. In the survey of the Killigrew-Davenant rivalry, this chapter's overall aim is to argue for narrowing of the wide chasm often described between the managerial skills of the two managers. Chapter three explores the period from when Mary Davenant, Thomas Betterton and Henry Harris took over the management of the Duke's Company to the burning of the King's Company's playhouse in 1672. It argues that the competition in this period was evenly matched. This chapter also revises the perceived style of management adopted by both Betterton and Killigrew. The chapter argues that Betterton was perhaps less involved in the most audacious project of the Duke's Company during these years: the building of three theatres including the Dorset Garden Theatre. In the case of the latter, this chapter argues that Killigrew continually took risks at other people's expense and was little concerned with the well being of his staff and shareholders as long as the company gained notoriety and retained its success. The penultimate chapter of the dissertation covers the time span from the Bridges Street Theatre's fire to the ousting of Killigrew as the manager by his own son, Charles Killigrew. It argues that this was the crucial period in which the Duke's Company began clearly to surpass its rival. This chapter qualifies the orthodox view that the King's Company simply lost its battle against the Duke's Company by demonstrating that the two companies also had to contend with a large number of foreign troupes and the rising popularity of music concerts. The final chapter explores the period from when Charles Killigrew took over the management of the King's Company to the amalgamation of the two acting troupes in 1682. It demonstrates the negative effects of the political turbulence of the Popish Plot and the Exclusion Crisis on both the troupes' plays and players. The chapter also argues that Charles Killigrew was not as charismatic or manipulative as his father, and that he greatly contributed to the demise of the King's Company. In conclusion, this is strictly a study of theatre history that looks at the importance of management and company rivalry to the development of Carolean drama. At its peak in the 1670s, the Carolean period produced on average twenty new plays per season. The highly competitive nature of the rivalry between the King's Company and the Duke's Company and how the respective managements responded to the success or the failure of the other theatre is the background against which one must read the plays of the Carolean period. Thomas Killigrew, whose managerial career spanned the longest in the Carolean years, was an influential figure in the period and whose innovations and difficulties as a manager had a direct effect not only on theatre history but also on the dramatic traditions of the seventeenth century.

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Henderson, Felicity 1973. « Erudite satire in seventeenth-century England ». Monash University, School of Literary, Visual and Performance Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7999.

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Palmer, Thomas John. « Jansenism, holy living and the Church of England : historical and comparative perspectives, c. 1640-1700 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38a685c6-ce86-437d-a651-8e54b88976e9.

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This thesis examines the impact in mid- to later-seventeenth century England of the major contemporary religious controversy in France. The debates associated with this controversy, which revolved around the formal condemnation of a heresy popularly called Jansenism, involved fundamental questions about the doctrine of grace and moral theology, about the life of the Church and the conduct of individual Christians. In providing an analysis of the main themes of the controversy, and an account of instances of English interest, the thesis argues that English Protestant theologians in the process of working out their own views on basic theological questions recognised the relevance of the continental debates. It is further suggested that the theological arguments evolved by the French writers possess some value as a point of comparison for the developing views of English theologians. Where the Jansenists reasserted an Augustinian emphasis on the gratuity of salvation against Catholic theologians who over-valued the powers of human nature, the Anglican writers examined here, arguing against Protestant theologians who denied nature any moral potency, emphasised man's contribution to his own salvation. Both arguments have been seen to contain a corrosive individualism, the former through its preoccupation with the luminous experience of grace, the latter through its tendency to elide grace and moral virtue, and reduce Christianity to the voluntary ethical choices of individuals. These assessments, it is argued here, misrepresent the theologians in question. Nevertheless, their thought did encourage greater individualism and moral autonomy. For both groups, their opponents' theological premises were deficient to the extent that they vitiated morality; and in both cases their responses, centring on the transformation of the inner man by love, privileged the moral responsibility of the individual. Their moral 'rigorism', it is suggested, focusing on the affective experience of conversion, represented in both cases an attempt to provide a sound empirical basis for Christian faith and practice in the fragmented intellectual context of post-reformation Europe.

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Boguszak, Jakub. « Actors' parts in the plays of Ben Jonson ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7732f887-5a9d-4fc6-afce-9bc4242265f9.

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The thesis continues the work undertaken in recent years by (in alphabetical order) James J. Marino, Scott McMillin, Paul Menzer, Simon Palfrey, Tiffany Stern, Evelyn Tribble, and others to put to use what is now known about the purpose, distribution, and usage of early modern actors' parts. The thesis applies the new methodology of reading 'in parts', or reconstituting early modern plays 'in parts', to the body of plays written by Ben Jonson. The aim of the project is to offer a reconsideration of Jonson as a man of theatre, interested not only in the presentation of his works in print, but also in their production at the Globe and at Blackfriars. By reconstructing and examining the parts through which the actors performing in Jonson's plays accessed their characters, the thesis proposes answers to the questions: how can we read and analyse Jonson's plays differently when looking at them in terms of actors' parts; did Jonson write with parts in mind; what did Jonsonian parts have to offer actors by way of challenge and guidance; what can we learn from parts about Jonson's assumptions and demands with regard to the actors; and how did actors themselves respond to those demands. These questions are significant because they engage critically with the tradition of seeing Jonson as a playwright dismissive of actors and distrustful of the theatre; they seek to establish a perspective that allows us to assess Jonson's abilities to instruct and challenge his actors through staging documents. More generally, the research contributes to the studies of the early modern rehearsal and staging practices and invites consideration of Shakespeare's part-writing techniques in contrast with those of his major rival. With no surviving early modern parts from Jonson's plays (indeed with only a handful of surviving parts from the period), the first task is to determine the level of accuracy with which the parts can be reconstructed from Jonson's printed plays. Stephen Orgel was by no means the first critic who used the example of Sejanus to assert that Jonson habitually doctored his plays before they were published, but his view has become a critical commonplace. This thesis re-examines the case of Jonson's revisions and concludes that, far from being representative, the 1605 Sejanus quarto is an anomaly which Jonson himself needed to account for in his address to the reader. It is true that Jonson cultivated a distinct style of presentation of printed material, but the evidence that he extensively tampered with the texts themselves after they were performed is scarce (again, the revisions found in the Folio versions of Every Man in His Humour and Cynthia's Revels are addressed and found to be exceptional, rather than typical), while the evidence of his pride in the original compositions and performances is much stronger. Since such enhancements as dedicatory poems, arguments (i.e. plot summaries), character sketches, or marginalia have no bearing on the shapes of actor's parts, they do not in any way compromise the reliability of the printed texts as sources from which Jonson's parts can, argues the thesis, be reconstructed with reasonable accuracy. Jonson, himself an actor and apparently a friend and admirer of a number of great actors of his age (Edward Alleyn, Nathan Field, Richard Robinson, Salomon Pavy, Richard Burbage), knew from personal experience how much depended on actors mastering, or, in their terminology, being 'perfect' in, their parts. By granting the actor access only to select portions of the complete play-text (i.e. his own lines and cues), the part effectively regulated the performance in cases when the actor had only limited knowledge of the rest of the play. Such cases seem to have been very common: documentary evidence suggests that actors had to learn their parts on their own over the course of a few weeks, and only then attended group rehearsals, most of which were concerned with 'business', not text which had already been learned. While some might have attended a reading of the play (if one was arranged for the benefit of the sharers, for instance), or gained more information about the play from their fellow actors, the parts remained their chief means of internalising their text and acquiring a sense of the play they were in. Jonson, who was not a resident playwright with any company performing in London and thus probably did not always have easy and regular access to the actors, could sometimes have taken advantage of the actors' dependence on their parts and crafted the parts as a means of exercising control over the performances of his plays. Building on this premise, the thesis examines various features of actors' parts that would have made a difference to an actor's performance. It draws on recent advancements in the studies of textual cohesion (linguistic features such as reference, substitution, ellipsis, etc.) to point out how the high and low frequency of cohesive ties (pairs of cohesively related words or phrases) in various sections of the part would have given an actor a good idea of how prominent his part was at any given moment. It examines Jonson's use of cues and patterns of cueing: like Shakespeare, Jonson was fond of using repeated cues to open up a space for improvisation, and he seems to have been aware of the need to provide the apprentices in the company with parts cued by a limited number of actors so as to allow for easier private rehearsals with their masters. The thesis also examines the common feature of Jonson's 'split jokes' - jokes that are divided across multiple parts - and asks whether any kind of comic effect can be achieved by excluding the punch line of a joke from the part that contains its setup, and the setup from the part that delivers the punch line, offering a fresh look at the nature of early modern comedy. In structural terms, the thesis considers how a narrative constituted solely by the lines present on an actor's part can diverge from the narrative of the play as a whole and how an understanding of a play as a text composed of actors' parts, as well as of acts and scenes, can help to refine arguments about Jonson's assumptions about the strengths of the companies for which he wrote. What emerges is an image of Jonson who, far from concerned only with readership, consciously developed a brand of comedy that was uniquely suited to, perhaps even relying on, the solipsistic manner in which the actors received and learned their parts.

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Livres sur le sujet "Portugal – History – 17th century"

Bernstein, H. Pedro Craesbeeck & Sons : 17th century publishers to Portugal and Brazil. Amsterdam : Adolf M. Hakkert, 1987.

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Ambiguous gender in early modern Spain and Portugal : Inquisitors, doctors and the transgression of gender norms. Leiden : Brill, 2012.

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Rees, Owen. Polyphony in Portugal, c. 1530-c. 1620 : Sources from the monastery of Santa Cruz, Coimbra. New York : Garland Pub., 1995.

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The comedia of virginity : Mary and the politics of seventeenth-century Spanish theater. Waco, Tex : Baylor University Press, 2012.

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(Netherlands), Rijksmuseum, dir. 17th-century cabinets. Amsterdam : Rijksmuseum, 2000.

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Calcutta in the 17th century. Calcutta : Firma KLM, 1986.

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Huggett, Robert. Early 17th century prices and wages. Bristol : Stuart, 1992.

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Sardica, José Miguel. Twentieth century Portugal : A historical overview. Lisboa : Universidad Católica Editora, 2008.

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Parkinson, G. H. R. 1923-, dir. The Renaissance and 17th century rationalism. London : Routledge, 2003.

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Art at auction in 17th century Amsterdam. Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Portugal – History – 17th century"

Szénássy, Barna. « 17th century mathematical manuscripts ». Dans History of Mathematics in Hungary until the 20th Century, 58–61. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02743-1_7.

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Kibbee, Douglas A. « Dictionaries and Usage in 17th-Century France ». Dans History of Linguistics 1993, 167. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.78.23kib.

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Dinneen, Francis P. « A 17th-Century Account of Mohawk ». Dans North American Contributions to the History of Linguistics, 67. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.58.07din.

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Albritton, Claude C. « Obligatory catastrophism of the latter 17th century ». Dans Catastrophic Episodes in Earth History, 7–17. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9146-6_2.

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Straub, Wolfgang. « The ophthalmology of Fabricius Hildanus in the 17th century ». Dans History of Ophthalmology, 21–29. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0641-9_3.

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Subbiondo, Joseph L. « Neo-Aristotelian Grammar in 17th-Century England ». Dans North American Contributions to the History of Linguistics, 87. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.58.08sub.

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Cram, David. « Language Universals and 17th-Century Universal Schemes ». Dans Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 191. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.67.14cra.

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Dibbets, Geert R. W. « Dutch philology in the 16th and 17th Century ». Dans The History of Linguistics in the Low Countries, 39. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.64.03dib.

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da Silva, Filipe Carreira. « Conclusion : Sociology in Portugal in the Twenty-First Century ». Dans Sociology in Portugal : A Short History, 76–78. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137495518_7.

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Muru, Cristina. « Mood and modality in 17th century missionary grammars of Tamil ». Dans Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 233–63. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.130.10mur.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Portugal – History – 17th century"

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BARBOSA, Helena. « The signature of Portuguese posters from 17th Century to 20th Century : one history of identities ». Dans Design frontiers : territories, concepts, technologies [=ICDHS 2012 - 8th Conference of the International Committee for Design History & Design Studies]. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/design-icdhs-035.

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Moiseev, Maksim V. « Russian in Spain in the 17th Century : P. I. Potemkin’s Mission in 1667–1668 ». Dans Spain : Comparative Studies oт History and Culture. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1247-5-96-103.

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« A Short History of Income Property Valuation Models - The 17th to 21st Century ». Dans 16th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference : ERES Conference 2009. ERES, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2009_385.

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Hartatik, Hartatik, Eko Herwanto et Bambang S. W. Atmojo. « The Industry and Iron Trade on Barito Watershed in 17th-19th Century AD ». Dans 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.007.

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Bogatyrev, Arseniy. « Two New Examples from Vasily Tyapkin’s Reports Concerning the History of Polish-Russian Cultural Ties of the 17th Century ». Dans Slavic World : Commonality and Diversity. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0869.2022.2.11.

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