Thèses sur le sujet « Pontica »

In line with the new interest in the so-called minor kingdoms, this research aims to update our knowledge about the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia. The first part of the dissertation investigates the literary tradition on the kingdom highlighting its characters, formation and tradition. The second part is constituted by a catalogue of inscriptions concerning the kings of Bithynia. It shows the contribution this kind of evidence may provide to the historical analysis. The third part describes the history of the kingdom from its rise down to the reign of Prusias I. By describing the politics of the Bithynian kings, the investigation sheds light on the role of the kingdom of Bithynia in the Anatolian political situation in the late 4th-early 2nd century BC.
Nel solco del rinato interesse per i cosiddetti regni ellenistici minori, questo lavoro si propone di aggiornare le conoscenze circa regno di Bitinia a distanza di oltre sessant’anni dall’unico volume ad esso dedicato. La prima parte esamina la tradizione letteraria sul regno mettendone in luce i tratti caratteristici, la formazione e la trasmissione. La seconda parte presenta le testimonianze epigrafiche riguardanti i sovrani bitini per individuare il contributo che da questi documenti può giungere all’analisi storica. La terza parte è costituita dalla ricostruzione delle vicende del regno dalla sua origine al regno di Prusia I. Essa delinea il ruolo politico ricoperto dal regno di Bitinia all’interno del complesso scenario nord anatolico tra fine IV e inizio II secolo a.C.

2012-2013
Il quarto libro dei Pontica ha un’importanza fondamentale all’interno dell’intera raccolta, per le tematiche affrontate e per la peculiarità delle riflessioni a cui il poeta approda in questa parte della raccolta, un unicum rispetto alla poesia precedente. L’ultimo commento al quarto libro è quello di di Helzle del 1989. Tale commento, in origine una tesi di dottorato, si limita a commentare le prime sette elegie del quarto libro e la sedicesima, tralasciando, di fatto, quella elegia, la ottava, che, a giusto titolo, da Galasso è stata definita un proemio al mezzo, perché un condensato sul ruolo e l’attività del poeta, e la nona, perfettamente armonizzata con l’elegia precedente in quanto piena esemplificazione della poesia celebrativa soltanto teorizzata nel precedente componimento e introduzione perfetta delle tematiche della seconda parte della raccolta. Il poeta, costretto lontano da Roma, non intende chiudersi nel proprio mondo ma tenta ogni strada possibile, concependo una poesia che venga incontro alle necessità dei destinatari a cui si rivolge. Ciò che può garantire è la gloria eterna, che nasce dal ricordo nella sua poesia. L’esule emarginato riorganizza, lontano da Roma, la sua realtà precedente, attraverso la poesia e la sua mente, surrogato della vista, che gli permette, egli spera, di partecipare come può agli eventi importanti della vita pubblica romana, come l’inizio del consolato di Grecino. Il nuovo modo di far poesia è dettato dalla particolare situazione dell’esiliato che necessita di appoggi. La figura del princeps e dell’ambiente di corte, dei membri dell’elite politica divengono una presenza invadente, ricompaiono le dediche personali e trasformano l’intimità dell’amicizia in deferenza clientelare. Talvolta sono state rivolte ad Ovidio accuse di piaggeria, Ovidio è stato talvolta definito il primo dei poeti cortigiani (si guardi Grimal, 1968). La poesia concepita in queste elegie ovidiane dà indubbiamente l’immagine di Ovidio poeta nuovo, che adopera spunti e materiali per la costruzione di un progetto poetico innovativo, che mostra un poeta spettatore e partecipe, protagonista quanto mai prima della poesia, rivendicatore di una posizione sociale che non gli appartiene più. La nuova poesia è costituita da carmi che troverebbero l’approvazione augustea, una poesia non tanto distante da Tristia e Pontica, più compatibile con la nuova realtà in cui il poeta è protagonista e partecipe, quella in cui rivendica con forza la propria appartenenza, una poesia che non può che essere la poesia d’occasione. Non è rintracciabile in questa nuova poesia una precisa ed esplicita volontà da parte di un destinatario, che quindi non è un committente, Ovidio non è un cliens. Del resto il nuovo genere poetico, la poesia d’occasione, trova spazio già precedentemente: è Ovidio stesso ad informarci in Pont. 1, 2, 129-132 di aver composto un epitalamio per le nozze di Paolo Fabio Massimo e in Pont. 1, 7, 29 ss. di aver composto in occasione della morte del padre di Messalino un carme recitato poi ai suoi funerali nel foro. Sebbene non se ne conservi traccia Ovidio svolgeva, dunque, attività di poeta d’occasione. L’irrigidirsi dei rapporti con il princeps, il sistema piramidale di rapporti e la progressiva creazione di un linguaggio formulare e adulatorio cliens patronus modificano radicalmente la poesia ovidiana e la poesia di omaggio personale diventano parte della sua opera. [a cura dell'autore]
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The aim of the present research is to analyse and reconstruct, by means of amphoras, the trade routes in the Eastern provinces of Moesia Inferior and Thrace and the economic relationships between this area and the regions of the Western Mediterranean. After a brief geographical and historical overview, focused on the agricultural propensity and exploitation of the area (chapter 1), the amphoras attested in Moesia Inferior and Thrace according to the typological standard are presented (chapter 2). Forty types of transport containers are inspected and divided into two chronological groups (Late Hellenistic productions and Imperial ones produced untill the 5th century AD, taking into consideration also few possible production continuity in later periods). For each type some morphological characteristics, fabric peculiarities, production’s areas, distribution, chronology and content are indicated. A special detail examination is dedicated to the Pontic amphoras, generally least known, classified in different ways and items in the local studies, often published in Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Serbian, Romanian, Russian). The knowledge of these languages allowed to set up some links between the local tipological systems and those commonly established. An analysis of unpublished materials (which reach about 400 items personally examined) from selected sites completes the general frame of the evidences. Seven case studies, situated near by important commercial routes have been selected: three of them are located on the right bank of the Danube river (Novae, Sexaginta Prista and Trimammium), the other three are situated on the Western coast of the Black Sea (Odessos, Deultum, Apollonia Pontica) and one (Kabyle) in the inner part of Thrace (chapter 3). For each site some topographic and cronological aspects, the research areas and the contexts of the amphora finds are examined. The results have been put into tables which summarise and offer a sinthetic vision of the distribution patterns during the different historical phases and create a chronological net of references which able to put into consideration some finds without precise context information either. The fourth and the final chapter of this thesis constitutes a concluding summary of the study of the consumption and trade of goods in the Roman provinces of Lower Mesia and Thrace. Two streams of distribution are distinguished: the first one developped on the Western coast of the Black Sea and is particularly related with the Aegean basin and the Pontic area. In this landscape dominated by the consumption of local goods and imports of Eastern Mediterranean some trade connections with the West back to the Late Hellenistic period can be marked. The second stream (the Danube), is strictly connected with the presence of the Roman army and its important role increases from the beginning of the second half of the 1st century AD, during the kingdom of emperor Vespasianus, many entrepreneurs, attracted by the great possibilities of the military market in the Balkans, start commercial relationships between these zone and the Adriatic Sea. After the Dacian Wars and the establishment of the province of Dacia in 106 AD, a new period of economic and social stability is created. The Adriatic commodities are replaced from the Spanish imports, which increase after the organization of annona militaris. In spite of the scarce availability of evidence, it emerges from analysis of the data that in the examinated period some goods from the Western Black Sea region reach the inland of Thrace, as for example is the case of Kabyle. The increase of the social and economic role of Constantinople and the change of centre of power towards the Eastern part of the Empire makes possible the arrival of some North African products. Although these containers occur in a smaller percentage than the amphoras from other centres, their role become more important during the Early Byzantine period.
Il progetto di ricerca si propone di analizzare e ricostruire, per mezzo degli indicatori forniti dai contenitori da trasporto, le direttrici di traffico che interessarono le province orientali di Moesia Inferior e Thracia, e in particolare i loro rapporti economici con le regioni del Mediterraneo occidentale. Dopo un breve inquadramento di carattere storico e geografico, in cui particolare attenzione viene rivolta alla vocazione e allo sfruttamento agricolo del territorio (capitolo 1), segue una presentazione su base tipologica delle anfore documentate in Moesia Inferior e Thracia (capitolo 2). Sono stati passati in rassegna 40 tipi di contenitori da trasporto, suddivisi dal punto di vista cronologico in due grandi scansioni (le produzioni relative all'età tradoellenistica e quelle di età imperiale attive fino al V secolo d.C., non trascurando anche eventuali continuità nei periodi posteriori), per i quali sono stati evidenziati le caratteristiche morfologiche e del corpo ceramico, le aree di produzione, la diffusione, la cronologia e, ove possibile, il contenuto. Un particolare approfondimento è stato dedicato alle produzioni dell'area pontica, poichè si tratta di anfore meno conosciute, spesso variamente classificate, e il cui studio è disperso in numerose pubblicazioni, di carattere locale, edite soprattutto in lingue slave (bulgaro, serbo, rumeno, russo). La conoscenza di queste lingue ha consentito innanzitutto di creare dei collegamenti tra i sistemi tipologici locali e quelli più comunemente affermati. Nella creazione di un quadro generale delle presenze si è affiancata alla revisione dei dati editi l'analisi di materiale inedito e visto personalmente (circa quattrocento esemplari anforari), proveniente da alcuni siti selezionati: si tratta di sette siti situati nell'immediata vicinanza di grandi arterie commerciali, tre lungo il basso corso del Danubio (Novae, Sexaginta Prista e Trimammium), tre sulla costa occidentale del Mar Nero (Odessos, Deultum, Apollonia Pontica) e l'ultimo, Kabyle, nell'entroterra della Thracia (capitolo 3). Per ciascun sito si sono affrontati gli aspetti topografici e cronologici, le aree indagate e i contesti di ritrovamento delle anfore. Le tabelle rassuntive dei dati ricavati offrono una visione sintetica del quadro distributivo nelle diverse fasi storiche, proponendo una griglia cronologica di riferimento anche per i reperti privi di informazioni sul contesto di rinvenimento. Nelle considerazioni conclusive (capitolo 4) si è affrontata una disamina generale sul consumo e commercio in Moesia Inferior e Thracia. Vengono distinte due direttrici commerciali: la prima appare afferente alla rotta occidentale del Mar Nero e quindi interessata prevalentemente dai traffici pontici e egei, ma nonostante un panorama di prevalenti arrivi e consumi di derrate locali o del Mediterraneo orientale, è stato possibile evidenziare lo svilupparsi, già a partire dall'età tardoellenistica, di rapporti commerciali con l'Occidente. La seconda direttrice, il Danubio, risulta essere strettamente collegata alla presenza dell'esercito romano; la sua importanza aumenta notevolmente a partire dalla metà del I secolo d.C., quando, durante l’epoca di Vespasiano, i produttori dell’Adriatico sono attratti dalla grande possibilità ricettiva dell’esercito. Dopo le guerre daciche di Traiano e la nascita della provincia di Dacia (106 d.C.) si inaugura un periodo di tranquillità: le derrate dall’Adriatico lasciano spazio a quelle della penisola iberica, che diventano prevalenti con l’istituzione dell’annona militaris, voluta dall’imperatore Settimio Severo per sopperire alle esigenze alimentari dell’esercito. Nonostante la scarsità di dati disponibili è stato possibile ricostruire come in questo periodo alcune merci provenienti dal Mar Nero raggiungessero anche i territori più interni della Tracia (ad esempio Kabyle). Con l'affermarsi di Costantinopoli, e con il conseguente spostamento del baricentro politico dell'Impero verso Oriente, fanno le loro prime occasionali comparse le anfore africane, la cui presenza cresce fino a diventare predominante durante il periodo tardoantico.

Before the Roman rule in Asia Minor, under the Hellenistic kings, small communities lived independently within areas surrounding temples with local powers. The temple held together and ruled these communities. Under the Romans these communities were brought and united to form cities in order to govern them by a central power and to take advantage of their unified work force. These communities served the Temple providing it necessary resources to function and provided themselves protection under sacred power. Some scholars have identified term as temple state, a term originated from the Sumerian communal structure. This study examines the validity of the use of the term temple state in defining Comana Pontica and Zela in the Black Sea region in Pontic region through a comparison with similar examples found in Anatolia. This study also aims to provide a revision to the meaning of independently structured temples by observing their transformation in time and by examining changes of the properties of their location.

Memnon a écrit une histoire locale, celle de sa cité d’origine, Héraclée du Pont, colonie mégarienne située en mer Noire. Sa chronique est conservée en partie grâce aux fragments, plus ou moins consistants, résumés dans la Bibliothèque de Photius. Ce dernier nous a transmis seulement une partie de l’œuvre de Memnon, puisqu’il ne rapporte que les faits contenus dans les livres IX à XVI qui couvrent une période allant des années 60 du IIIème siècle aux années 40 du Ier siècle av. J.-C. avec, cependant, une grosse lacune entre le milieu du IIIème siècle et l’arrivée des Romains. Le texte a fait l’objet d’un commentaire historique détaillé qui met en lumière les incohérences du récit et les événements pour lesquels Memnon constitue notre seule source. Cette recherche se propose également de dégager la méthode historique de Memnon à travers l’étude des thématiques récurrentes dans le texte et l’analyse de l’ordre chronologique des événements. Il est évident que l’intervention de Photius a des incidences sur l’organisation chronologique initiée par Memnon mais il semble néanmoins que la méthode de l’historien d’Héraclée a, dès l’origine, dénaturé la chronologie des faits qu’il rapporte. De surcroît, l’analyse du texte a permis de dégager les objectifs de Memnon, lequel tente de raviver le passé glorieux d’Héraclée et de dénoncer les excès de la domination romaine, en particulier envers sa cité d’origine. L’auteur de l’Histoire d’Héraclée reste méconnu mais il me semble qu’il faut situer son activité littéraire dans la seconde moitié du IIème siècle de notre ère
Memnon wrote a local history, the one of his native city, Heraclea Pontica, megarian colony located in the Black Sea. His chronicle is partially preserved thanks to fragments, more or less substantial, summarized in Photius’ Library. The latter passed on to us only a part of Memnon’s work, since he related only the facts contained in books IX to XVI, which cover a period from the 60’s of the third century to the 40’s of the first century BC., but with a big gap between the mid-third century to the arrival of the Romans. The text was the object of a detailed historical commentary which highlights the inconsistencies of the story and the events for which Memnon is our only source. My research also aims to identify the historical method of Memnon through the study of the recurring themes in the text and the analysis of the chronological order of events. It is obvious that Photius’ intervention has incidences on the chronological organization initiated by Memnon, nevertheless it seems that the method of the historian of Heraclea has distorted from the start the chronology of events he related. Furthermore, analysis of the text allowed to identify the objectives of Memnon who tries to revive the glorious past of Heraclea and to denounce the excesses of the Roman rule, especially to his city of origin. The author of the History of Heraclea remains unknown but it seems to me that his literary activity should be placed in the second half of the second century AD

Le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) est le principal cancer primitif du foie et est associé à un très mauvais pronostic. Notre équipe a mis en évidence que la Reptine et la Pontine, des AAA+ ATPases homologues, sont surexprimées dans le CHC par rapport au foie non tumoral. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, j’ai contribué à démontrer que l’extinction de la Reptine par l’induction de shRNA suffit à arrêter la croissance de tumeurs déjà établies, et même à induire leur régression dans des xénogreffes chez la souris. Ces résultats encourageants suggèrent que la Reptine pourrait être une cible thérapeutique dans le CHC. L’utilisation de siRNA en thérapeutique n’étant pas envisageable actuellement, il parait plus pertinent de tenter de cibler la Reptine via son activité ATPase. Le principal objectif de ma thèse était donc de déterminer l’implication de l’activité ATPase de la Reptine pour ses propriétés oncogéniques dans le CHC. Nos résultats ont montré que des mutants inactifs de la Reptine (D299N et E300G) ont un effet dominant négatif et ne sont pas capables de complémenter l’absence de la Reptine endogène, ce qui conduit à une diminution significative de la croissance des cellules HuH7 et Hep3B, et à une induction de l’apoptose. Ceci indique que l’activité ATPase de la Reptine est nécessaire pour la croissance et la survie des cellules de CHC. Enfin, grâce à une étude transcriptomique, nous avons identifié de nouveaux gènes dont l’expression est régulée par la Reptine et/ou la Pontine. Parmi ces gènes, certains pourraient être impliqués dans les fonctions oncogéniques de la Reptine et/ou de la Pontine dans le CHC. Finalement, ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence l’implication de l’activité ATPase de la Reptine, et d’apporter des éléments permettant de mieux comprendre le mécanisme d’action de la Reptine dans le CHC
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main primary cancer of the liver and is often associated with poor prognosis. Our team has demonstrated that Reptin and Pontin, two AA+ ATPases, are overexpressed in HCC compared to normal liver. Moreover this overexpression is also associated with poor prognosis. In the course of my PhD, I demonstrated that shRNA-mediated silencing of Reptin is sufficient to inhibit tumor growth and even can promote their regression in xenografted mice. These encouraging results suggest that Reptin might represent a novel therapeutic target in HCC. As the use of siRNA as therapeutic tools is still debated, the targeting of Reptin enzymatic activity might represent a more relevant approach to impair its functions. To this end I first proposed to determine the involvement of Reptin ATPase activity in HCC oncogenesis. My results show that ATPase inactive Reptin mutants (D299N and E300G) play dominant negative roles toward Reptin functions and are unable to complement for the depletion of endogenous Reptin, thereby leading to a significant decrease of cell growth and to a significant increase of apoptosis in HuH7 and Hep3B cells. These results show that Reptin’s ATPase activity is necessary for HCC cell growth and survival. Moreover, using a transcriptomic approach that compared gene expression upon siRNA-mediated Reptin or Pontin silencing, we identified specific genes whose expression is under the control of those proteins and whose functions might provide mechanistic explanation to Reptin’s involvement in HCC. Collectively, the results obtained during my PhD thesis have characterized the contribution of Reptin ATPase activity to HCC growth and development and might represent a founding step in the understanding of Reptin’s biology in cancer development

This thesis examines the performance techniques for playing the Politic l>>ra, a vertically-held bottle-shaped bowed lute which is the main instrument of the Poetic Greeks. The objectives of the research were to identify the ways in which the traditional performance techniques for the lyra have been extended in the past, especially in the work of Gogos Petrides, and to explore the possibilities of extending these further in order to enable the lyra player to effectively perform styles and repertoires from outside Greece, with particular reference to the music of Afghanistan. A detailed discussion of changes in performance practices required the use of a broad range of contextualising material, enabling the author to position his work in the context of modern Greece. The thesis begins with a historical overview and provides background information about the culture and history of the Pontic settlements on the Black Sea coast of what is modern Turkey, up to the population exchanges of 1922. It provides a detailed organological study of the instrument and looks into its history, concluding it has a European/Byzantine rather than a Middle Eastern origin. The author also discusses the traditional and the contemporary performance techniques of the Pontic lyra and describes his own experience as both performer and ethnographer during extended periods of fieldwork. The DVD and CD included in the thesis are of major importance as they provide a key role in demonstrating and illustrating the author's core research methods, findings and outcomes. The author's work was `mirrored' in an unassessed recital given at the end of the research. Chapter 1 provides a historical overview of the culture of the Pontic Greeks. Chapter 2 describes the morphology of the Pontic lyra and discusses its origins. Chapter 3 discusses the traditional and the contemporary performance techniques for the lyra; the author also describes his own learning experience within the context of a musical family. Chapter 4 considers three traditional genres of lyra music, the extended techniques attributed to Gogos Petrides, which have been further developed by the author. Chapter 5 recounts fieldwork carried out in Greece with six well-established Pontic musicians, who have much to say about the influence of Gogos Petrides. Chapter 6 explains how, through making a study of Afghan music as played on the dutar and rubab, the author has adapted pre-existing and devised new techniques for playing the Afghan repertoire on the Pontic lyra. Chapter 7 summarises the research carried out, while an Appendix describes the preparations made for the recital which is part of the examination process. This thesis is accompanied by a CD and a DVD illustrating aspects of the research.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2014
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Esta investigação identificou castigos escolares e processos de disciplinamento colocados em ação no Grupo Escolar Nossa Senhora do Sagrado Coração, atual Escola de Educação Básica Nossa Senhora (EEB), no município de Angelina (SC) e problematizou acerca desses castigos e processos. O recorte temporal situa-se entre os anos de 1940 e 1975. No que se refere aos aportes teóricos e metodológicos, consistiu em análise de fontes escritas: atas de reuniões pedagógicas, livro de medidas disciplinares, regulamentos e Decretos. Além desse material de apoio, foram produzidas fontes orais, por meio de entrevistas com ex-alunos. As memórias de ex-alunos são compreendidas na perspectiva da memória coletiva, de acordo com Halbwachs (2006) e da memória trabalho, na acepção de Bosi (2009). Referidas memórias, um total de oito entrevistas, são tomadas como eixo central das reflexões, apresentando a percepção dos entrevistados sobre os tempos em que foram alunos, relativamente ao processo de disciplinarização vivenciado na escola. As falas desses entrevistados igualmente permitiram vislumbrar um conjunto de táticas diante dos castigos (CERTEAU, 1998). No que concerne aos castigos físicos, entre outros, Foucault (1994) é referência para se compreender o processo de disciplinamento e adestramento dos corpos por meio de punições e vigilância. Mesmo proibidos por lei, os castigos escolares, físicos ou morais, estavam presentes nas instituições de ensino, ainda na primeira metade do século XX, sendo paulatinamente substituídos pela disciplina. No caso do Grupo Escolar Nossa Senhora do Sagrado Coração, os castigos, além de não terem sido erradicados, também não foram substituídos pelo processo de disciplinamento. Ambos coexistiram simultaneamente, no intento de corrigir o que era considerado mau comportamento dos alunos. Nesse sentido, as crianças eram educadas para serem dóceis e obedientes, e aprendiam, na escola, a amar a sua Pátria. Os castigos foram meios utilizados pelos professores como formas de exercício da autoridade, com a qual mantinham a ordem, a moral e a disciplina em sala de aula.

Abstract: This study identified school punishments and disciplinary processes used at the Our Lady of the Sacred Heart School (Grupo Escolar Nossa Senhora do Sagrado Coração), now known as the Our Lady Elementary School (Escola de Educação Básica Nossa Senhora) in the municipality of Angelina (SC), and problematized these punishments and processes. The time period studied was from 1940 - 1975. The theoretical and methodological supports were found in the analysis of written sources, the minutes of pedagogical meetings, a book of disciplinary measures, regulations and decrees. Interviews were also conducted with former students. The memories of former students are analyzed according to Halbwachs' (2006) collective memory perspective, and the memory of work, according to Bosi (2009). These memories, gathered in eight interviews, are used as the central focus of the reflections made, which present the perception of the interviewees about their time as students, relative to the disciplinary process they found in school. The statements of those interviewed also allow identifying a set of tactics used in the punishments (CERTEAU, 1998). In terms of physical punishment, Foucault (1994) helps understand the processof disciplining and taming of bodies by means of punishments and vigilance. Although prohibited by law, school punishments, physical or moral, were found at the schools, even in the first half of the 20th century, and gradually substituted by other forms of discipline. In the case of the Sacred Heart School, in addition to not being eradicated, these punishments were not substituted by a disciplinary process. Both co-existed simultaneously, and were used to correct what was considered bad behavior by students. In this sense, the children were educated to be docile and obedient, and the school taught them to love their country. The punishments were means used by teachers to exercise authority, with which they maintained order, morality and classroom discipline.

Presented master thesis deals with project management. Thesis describes in detail methods used for project management and the project management life cycle. The aim of this thesis is in innovation of project methodology in company Pontech s.r.o. In written down methodology are described processes occurring in all phases of managing projects, which are important for effectiveness.

This thesis is to my knowledge the first full-length examination of Evagrian apatheia. Chapter One contextualises Evagrian apatheia by outlining Evagrius' cosmology and anthropology. Attention is drawn to the centrality within them of the distinction be-tween unstable and stable movement and to Evagrius' characterisation of apatheia and empatheia in these terms. Apatheia, as the stable movement of the soul, is noted to be the foundation for the transformative contemplation by means of which the fallen nous re-ascends to union with God. The anthropology section describes Evagrius' understanding of the nous, soul, body and heart. Chapter Two examines the psychology and phenomenology of empatheia. Section One focuses upon the logismoi, discussing what Evagrius means by the term logismos, noting the inherence of pathos to the logismoi, explaining his concept of the 'matter' of the logismoi and discussing his eightfold classification of 'most generic logismoi'. Section Two focuses upon pathos, discussing the meaning of the term within Greek philosophy, how Origen understands it and how Evagrius himself understands it. It then discusses the cognitive 'building blocks' of the logismoi, the empathē noēmata and the arousal of pathos. Section Three describes the phenomenology of empatheia. Chapter Three establishes that the subject of apatheia is the tripartite soul in its entirety, then adduces evidence for apatheia's being the stable movement of the soul. It then dis-cusses Evagrius' spiritual characterisations of apatheia – first as death and resurrection and then as love and knowledge, the latter including practical moral knowledge as well as knowledge of transcendent realities. The holistic, embodied nature of spiritual knowledge as understood by Evagrius is emphasised, as is the inseparability of knowledge from love. His understanding of apatheia is shown to be profoundly Christian, and in particular Pauline. Following a discussion of how apatheia is attained, the chapter concludes with a summary description of apatheia as understood by Evagrius.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2011
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This explorative study presents an empirical analysis that identifies specific patterns of integration of the Muslim-Turkish and the Christian-Pontic minorities in Greece. The qualitative analysis of secondary data and in-depth interviews with members of the two minority groups provide a new interpretation of their current situation as a special case of insiders-outsiders under which policies can be informed and developed. The analysis is an exploration of the different mechanisms that affect the two minority groups, the majority of the population and the different social institutions in the country. It has been informed by historically informed structuration that is based on two basic premises. First, societal structures and human agency (re )constitute each other over time and second, the importance of the past to the present. In other words, the structural phenomena in any given society predefine human action and human action redefines the structural phenomena through time. The analysis has exposed the constant production and reproduction of inequalities on many social levels despite the positive orientation of the minorities towards their integration through the classification of the different patterns of integration that different factors sustain. Structural and agentic factors are shown to generate different forms of integration and therefore the insiders-outsiders' integration processes combine different patterns making their integration more complex.

La Sous-province de Pontiac est localisée au sud de la Sous-province de l’Abitibi dans la Province du Supérieur. Les roches sédimentaires sont caractérisées par un gradient métamorphique barrovien croissant du nord au sud de la zone à biotite, à grenat et à staurotide. L’accrétion de la Sous-province de Pontiac à la Sous-province de l’Abitibi est attribuée à une zone de subduction archéenne mais peu de travail a été fait pour caractériser son évolution en pression-température-temps (P-T-t) afin de tester cette hypothèse et déterminer la relation temporelle avec la minéralisation aurifère. La fabrique régionale est caractérisée par une foliation de biotite lépidoblastique. La croissance des porphyroblastes de grenat et de staurotide est tardi- à post-cinématique par rapport cette fabrique. Le coefficient de partage du Fe-Mg entre la bordure du grenat et la biotite n’est pas significativement différent entre la zone à grenat et à staurotide tout comme les estimés de température faits par le géothermomètre du Ti dans la biotite. La modélisation par pseudosection avec eau saturée des conditions de P-T d’équilibre chimique des coeurs de grenat a permis de contraindre leur croissance à 550-600 ⁰C et 5-6 kbar lors d’un parcours métamorphique prograde dans un chemin P-T horaire. La datation Lu-Hf de trois échantillons de grenat provenant de la zone à staurotide a permis de définir un âge de 2657 +/- 7 Ma correspondant à ces conditions métamorphiques. Ces résultats démontrent que l’évènement de minéralisation en Au du gisement Canadian Malartic, avec un âge précédemment publié de 2664 Ma par Re-Os sur molybdénite, est au moins plus jeune ou synchrone aux conditions de croissance du grenat dans la zone à staurotide. Cet âge de croissance de grenat permet aussi de mettre en doute le contexte tectonique de prisme d’accrétion employé pour expliquer la relation entre les Sous-provinces de Pontiac et d’Abitibi.
The Pontiac Subprovince is located in the Superior Province, south of the Abitibi Subprovince. The metasedimentary rocks are characterized by a Barrovian metamorphic gradient increasing from north to south from biotite zone, to garnet zone and to staurolite zone. The Pontiac Subprovince interpreted as an accretionary wedge that was tectonically docked to the Abitibi Subprovince during Archean subduction, however, few studies have attempted to characterize its pressure-temperature-time path to test this hypothesis and little is known about the timing relationship between regional metamorphism and the Au mineralization. The regional fabric is defined by an E-W, NW-SE lepidoblastic ductile foliation in which garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts are interpreted to be late- to post-kinematic with the rare occurrence of syn-kinematic staurolite growth. The garnet-biotite Fe-Mg partitioning coefficient geothermometer is not significantly different between the garnet and the staurolite zone. Similarly, Ti in biotite geothermometry does not suggest different temperature of equilibration between the biotite, garnet and staurolite zone. Pressure and temperature (PT) forward thermodynamic modelling with a water saturated pseudosection yielded conditions of 550-600 ⁰C and 5-6 kbar during a prograde, clock-wise P-T path. Lu-Hf dating of garnet from three outcrops within the staurolite zone yielded an age of 2657 +/- 7 Ma that is inferred to be representative of these conditions. The results of this study imply that the Canadian Malartic mineralization event, previously dated at 2664 Ma with Re-Os on molybdenite, is younger or synchronous with the garnet growth condition in the staurolite zone next to the ore body. The age of garnet growth calls into question the accretionary prism tectonic model currently explaining the contact between the Abitibi and Pontiac Subprovinces.

Mestrado em Comunicação Multimédia
O projecto PontoUA ambiciona oferecer à comunidade universitária a obtenção de informação tendo em conta as suas necessidades, de acordo com o perfil de utilização previsto para cada utilizador, através da inclusão de vários Pontos Interactivos em áreas-chave da Universidade de Aveiro. Nesse sentido, foram estudadas soluções que contemplam a utilização de Sistemas Interactivos em Espaços Públicos (SIEP), especialmente no contexto universitário, no sentido de se compreender melhor o objecto em estudo. Foram, também, investigadas soluções que permitam uma melhor adequação da informação a apresentar nos SIEP às necessidades identificadas, pelo que foram consideradas dimensões inerentes a Sistemas de Personalização de Informação, bem como a Sistemas de Identificação e Reconhecimento dos utilizadores. Desta forma, o desafio da configuração de um sistema que permita a apresentação de informação personalizada num SIEP em contexto universitário levou a que o presente estudo almeje a concepção, desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma solução de Reconhecimento Pessoal integrada num protótipo de um Sistema Interactivo Público Universitário (SIPU) – o PontoDeCA - para apresentação de informação personalizada e que vá ao encontro das preferências do utilizador, no sentido de se analisar a experiência de utilização decorrente do uso do mesmo.
In the present work it was conceived a project denominated PontoUA that desires to offer to the university community the challenge of obtaining information based on users’ needs, by the use of Interactive Information Systems located in strategic places of the University of Aveiro. In order to achieve a working solution it was necessary to study other solutions that attempt the utilization of Interactive Systems at Public Spaces (ISPS), to gather a better knowledge in what is concerned to this type of systems. In this work, it was also object of study a set of solutions that allowed a better information adaptation to present at ISPS due to user's needs, which led to the study of Personal Recognition Systems and Customized Information Systems. The challenge of setting up a system which involves customized information on an Interactive Public System in academic context has taken the presented work to the development and assessment of a prototype named PontoDeCA in what is concerned to the interaction with the system and the foreseen user experience. This study was conducted in order to be considered as a starting point in the field of the inclusion of mechanisms that allows users to obtain customized information at Interactive Systems at Public Spaces.

Rhododendron ponticum is an invasive non-native shrub that represents a significant threat to productive land use, biodiversity conservation in priority habitats and potentially other ecosystem services in Britain and Ireland. Management actions that reduce the spread and impacts of invasive species require knowledge of their ecological characteristics as well as best control methods. A series of glasshouse experiments was carried out to investigate the effect of microhabitat on R. ponticum germination and seedling survival rates. Light environment in the form of different shade treatments, watering regime and seedbed substrate were manipulated in a factorial design to test their effects and interactions. Short-growing moss, bare soil and sown lawn grass produced a combination of high germination and seedling survival rates, with much lower rates in tall growing moss, leaf litter and grassland turf. Periodic droughting had a large negative effect on R. ponticum seed germination, especially in the more exposed seedbed substrates. The presence of additional canopy shade above a vegetated ground layer was very detrimental to R. ponticum establishment and this effect was found to be due to a reduction in light quality (ratio of red to far red light) and not light quantity (photosynthetic photon flux density). The use of chemical control methods with herbicides, in particular glyphosate, dominates current practice in the removal of R. ponticum from invaded habitats. In order to optimize the efficacy of glyphosate, a series of experiments were designed to improve knowledge of the effect on glyphosate absorption and translocation, of its dose in combination with application at different times of the year in the field, and of foliar application and light level in the glasshouse. Glyphosate applied to the foliage of R. ponticum plants less than 1.5 m in height, was most readily translocated when the plants were more metabolically active. Plants treated in August and May showed greater rates and extent of crown damage than those treated in November and February. 14C-labelled glyphosate applied to the lower leaf surface of R. ponticum plants was rapidly absorbed over the first six hours with maximum absorption after three days. Translocation to other parts of the plant (measured as glyphosate concentration) was greatest to the stem adjacent to the treated leaves and then to the roots, concentrations were lower in untreated leaves over 30 days. Supplemental lighting did not increase the foliar absorption of the 14C but did increase the amount translocated to the other parts of the plant. This study has brought a new understanding to the invasion dynamics of R. ponticum that can be used in identifying habitats vulnerable to invasion and in developing a post clearance management strategy for preventing reinvasion of sites. It has also brought a basic knowledge to glyphosate absorption and translocation patterns that could have profound implications in improving practical application techniques of invasive woody plant species.

Les processus qui mènent à la découverte de nouveaux médicaments sont longs et fastidieux, et les taux de succès sont relativement faibles. L’identification de candidats par le biais de tests expérimentaux s’avère coûteuse, et nécessite de connaître en profondeur les mécanismes d'action de la protéine visée afin de mettre en place des essais efficaces. Le criblage virtuel peut considérablement accélérer ces processus en permettant une évaluation rapide de chimiothèques de plusieurs milliers de molécules afin de déterminer lesquelles sont les plus susceptibles de se lier à une cible. Ces dernières années ont ainsi été témoins de quelques success stories dans ce domaine.Le premier objectif de ce travail était de comparer différents outils et stratégies couramment utilisés dans le criblage virtuel “structure-based”, puis de les appliquer à des cibles protéiques à visée thérapeutique, en particulier dans le cadre du cancer.La protéine kinase GSK3 et un test set de ligands connus ont servi de modèle pour différentes études méthodologiques ayant pour but d’évaluer les programmes de docking et de scoring à notre disposition. En particulier, l’utilisation de plusieurs structures relaxées du récepteur ou l’insertion de torsions sur certains résidus du site actif pendant le docking ont permis d’évaluer l’influence de la flexibilité de la protéine. L’utilité et la pertinence d’outils permettant de générer automatiquement les structures 3D des ligands et de méthodes de consensus scoring ont également été étudiées.Un criblage virtuel de la Pontine, une ATPase impliquée dans la croissance tumorale pour laquelle aucun inhibiteur n’était connu, a permis la sélection de candidats issus de banques de données commerciales. Ces molécules ont été testées dans un essai enzymatique par le biais d’une collaboration, et quatre d’entre elles se sont révélées capable d’inhiber l’activité ATPase de la Pontine. Le criblage de bases de ligands synthétisés et imaginés dans l’équipe a également fourni un inhibiteur original. Au contraire, l’étude de la sPLA2-X humaine, une phospholipase dont l’activité catalytique est dépendante d’un atome de Ca2+ localisé au sein du site actif, a montré les limites de nos outils de docking qui n’ont pas été capables de gérer cet ion métallique et mis en évidence la nécessité de mettre en place d’autres outils
The process of drug discovery is long and tedious. Besides, it is relatively inefficient in terms of hit rate. The identification of candidates through experimental testing is expensive and requires extensive data on the mechanisms of the target protein in order to develop efficient assays. Virtual screening can considerably accelerate the process by quickly evaluating large databases of compounds and determining the most likely to bind to a target. Some success stories have emerged in the field over the last few years.The objectives of this work were first, to compare common tools and strategies for structure-based virtual screening, and second, to apply those tools to actual target proteins implied notably in carcinogenesis.In order to evaluate the docking and scoring programs available, the protein kinase GSK3 and a test set of known ligands were used as a model to perform methodological studies. In particular the influence of the flexibility of the protein was explored via relaxed structures of the receptor or the insertion of torsions on the side chains of residues located in the binding site. Studies concerning the automatic generation of 3D structures for the ligands and the use of consensus scoring also provided insights on the usability of these tools while performing a virtual screening.Virtual screening of the human protein Pontin, an ATPase implied in tumor cell growth for which no inhibitors were known, allowed the prioritization of compounds from commercial databases. These compounds were tested in an enzymatic assay via a collaboration, and led to the identification of four molecules capable of inhibiting the ATPase activity of Pontin. Additional screens of in-house oriented databases also provided at least one innovative inhibitor for this protein. On the contrary, a study of the human PLA2-X, a phospholipase that requires a Ca2+ atom to bind to its active site in order to catalyze the hydrolysis of its substrate, revealed the limits of our docking tools that could not handle the metal ion and the need for new tools

The life, music, and theoretical writings of Pietro Pontio (1532-1596) yield considerable insight into questions of theory and practice in the late sixteenth century. The dissertation places Pontio within his musical and cultural milieu, and assesses his role as both theorist and composer. Volume Two presents an annotated works list for Pontio's compositions, transcriptions of archival documents used in the study, and transcriptions of representative musical compositions.

The life, music, and theoretical writings of Pietro Pontio (1532-1596) yield considerable insight into questions of theory and practice in the late sixteenth century. The dissertation places Pontio within his musical and cultural milieu, and assesses his role as both theorist and composer. Volume Two presents an annotated works list for Pontio's compositions, transcriptions of archival documents used in the study, and transcriptions of representative musical compositions.

Vid en första anblick kan buddhismen och kristendomen tyckas utgöra en tydlig dikotomi inom den religiösa sfären, men undersöks saken närmre så märker vi snart att det utöver alla skillnader även finns många likheter. Föreliggande studie har för avsikt att behandla både likheter och skillnader mellan buddhismen och kristendomen i en konkret aspekt – genom att jämföra den kappadokiske asketen Evagrius Ponticus och den indiske buddhistiska tänkaren och författaren Vasubandhu i deras syn på människors upplevelse av världen.För att finna svar i denna fråga har respektive författares behandling av våra sinnen och vår perception undersökts, detta huvudsakligen utifrån Evagrius Kephalaia Gnostika samt Vasubandhus Abhidharma-kosa och Pañcaskandhaka-prakarana. Deras tankar i ämnet presenteras och analyseras var för sig, för att sedan också tas upp i en komparativ diskussion.Resultatet av denna studie visar att tidigare hypoteser om likheter mellan Evagrius och diverse buddhistiska skolor i många fall är tämligen relevanta. Däremot fungerar dessa likheter sällan som bevis för att Evagrius personligen skall ha influerats av indiska lärosystem. De flesta av hans tankar är snarare ett arv av den grekiska kontext i vilken han växte upp. Samtidigt som det alltså finns likheter kan vi också i resultatet se uppenbara skillnader mellan de olika kontexterna.Hypotesen att Evagrius i sitt författande av Kephalaia Gnostika skulle vara direkt påverkad av Vasubandhu eller andra buddhistiska läromästare går alltså utifrån denna studie inte att bekräfta även om likheterna mellan de två många gånger är närvarande.

Les hélicases ATP-dépendantes Pontin et Reptin sont nécessaires aux activités de nombreux complexes protéiques, en particulier des complexes de remodelage de la chromatine ou des assemblages de facteurs de transcription. Néanmoins, aucun lien n'a encore été défini entre les propriétés biochimiques des protéines Pontin et Reptin et leurs fonctions in vivo. Nous avons étudié l'impact de l'unité de base de la chromatine, le nucléosome, sur les activités biochimiques des protéines Pontin et Reptin. Un pré-requis pour cette étude a été la purification des protéines Pontin et Reptin, sous leur forme monomérique ou hexamérique, et des histones, corps protéiques des nucléosomes. Il a également été nécessaire d'optimiser la reconstitution in vitro de mononucléosomes. Avec ces outils, nous avons identifié un effet fonctionnel des nucléosomes sur l'activité des protéines Pontin et Reptin qui vient compléter une interaction physique entre Pontin ou Reptin et les nucléosomes. Les protéines Pontin et Reptin forment un complexe stable avec des mononucléosomes lequel dépend de la région N-terminale de l'histone H3. Nous montrons que l'activité ATPase ADN-dépendante des protéines Pontin et Reptin est modulée différemment par l'extrémité N-terminale d'H3 suivant qu'elle porte ou non des modifications post-traductionnelles. Corrélé à cela, ces mêmes extrémités N-terminales d'H3 régulent l'état d'oligomérisation des protéines Pontin et Reptin. De plus, le profil des protéines co-immunoprecipitées avec les monomères de Pontin ou Reptin diffère de celui obtenu avec les formes hexamériques. Nous proposons que les protéines Pontin et Reptin constituent une plateforme moléculaire de recrutement pour des facteurs protéiques, et, au-delà, coordonnent ce recrutement des différents partenaires par des changements de leurs états oligomériques eux-mêmes régulés par leur interaction avec la région N-terminale de l'histone H3
The Pontin and Reptin DNA-dependent ATPases are both necessary for activity of numerous cellular complexes, in particular chromatin remodeling complexes or transcription factor assemblies. However, no link has yet been defined between the biochemical properties of Pontin and Reptin and these in vivo functions. We have studied the impact of the chromatin base unit, the nucleosome, on the biochemical activities Pontin and Reptin. A prerequisite for this was the purification of Pontin and Reptin proteins either as monomers or in hexameric form, and of histones, the protein cores of nucleosomes. It was also necessary to optimize mononucleosome reconstitution in vitro. With these tools, we identified a functional effect of the nucleosome on Pontin and Reptin activity which complemented its physical interaction with nucleosomes. Pontin or Reptin proteins form a stable complex with mononucleosomes which depends on the N-terminal region of histone H3. We show that the Pontin and Reptin DNA-dependent ATPase activity is modulated differentially by the N-terminus tail of H3 and that this depends on whether or not the tail carries post-translational modifications. Correlated with this, the H3 N-terminus also regulates Pontin and Reptin oligomerization. Moreover the profile of proteins which co-immunoprecipitate with Pontin or Reptin monomers is different to that found with the hexameric forms. We propose that Pontin and Reptin proteins could constitute a molecular platform for loading interacting proteins. And furthermore that Pontin and Reptin coordinates recruitment of different proteins by changes in its oligomerisation state in turn regulated by its interaction with the N-terminal region of histone H3

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 298 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-298). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2011
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Esta tese problematiza as relações entre a cidade de Ponta Grossa e a Estrada de Ferro Rede de Viação Paraná Santa Catarina - RVPSC e seus trabalhadores a partir do diálogo com diversos sentidos construídos para a presença da ferrovia no espaço urbano pontagrossense no período que vai de 1955 a 1997. Enfatiza principalmente o desmantelamento da rede ferroviária, dialogando com as memórias que emergem sobre o processo no qual a RVPSC foi se transformando num problema para a cidade e sendo convertida "no outro" do desenvolvimento urbano pontagrossense. Discute as ações e os sentidos construídos pela RVPSC para enfrentar as mudanças no padrão de transporte no Brasil a partir de meados da década de 1950 e como foram elaboradas na realidade local essas novas configurações. Analisa o impacto dessas mudanças de atuação e concepção do sistema ferroviário no cotidiano e nas representações tecidas sobre a importância da ferrovia para a cidade de Ponta Grossa e seus projetos de desenvolvimento.

What is the line between the “ancient” world and the “medieval” world? Is it 476? 330? 632? 800? Most historians acknowledge there is no crisp line and that these are arbitrary distinctions, but they are made anyway, taking on lives of their own. I believe they are much the same world, except for the pervading influence of one flavor of monotheism or another. This thesis endeavors to study top-down, monotheistic conversions in Pontic-Caspian Eurasia and their respective mythologizations, preserved both textually and archaeologically, which serve as a primary factor for what we might call “state formation.” These narratives also function, in many cases, as the bases of many modern nationalisms, however haphazard they may be. I have attempted to apply this idea to Christian Rome (Byzantium)’s diachronic missionary policy around the Black Sea to reveal how what we today call the “Age of Migrations” (the so-called “Germanic” invasions of the Roman Empire), was actually in perpetual continuity all the way up to the Mongolian invasions and perhaps even later. In this way, I hope to enhance the context by which we understand the entirety of not only Western history, but to effectively bind it to a broader context of global monotheization.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
O presente estudo analisa a oposiÃÃo entre espaÃo urbano e meio ambiente na constituiÃÃo da cidade de Fortaleza como metrÃpole regional. Considerando o caso dos pescadores lacustres da cidade, o trabalho aponta para a Ãntima relaÃÃo entre o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade e a atividade pesqueira que se desenvolveu à margem desse progresso. TambÃm sublinha os discursos conflituosos que envolvem interesses divergentes dos pescadores artesanais, empresÃrios e poder pÃblico nos usos e apropriaÃÃes das lagoas. A pesquisa empÃrica foi realizada na Lagoa da Parangaba e descreve as sociabilidades forjadas num lugar e numa condiÃÃo liminar, as relaÃÃes de gÃnero e a apropriaÃÃo da Lagoa pelos pescadores. Ainda desembaraÃa a intricada e complexa relaÃÃo entre os apetrechos artesanais, os movimentos corporais e o tempo que envolve a singular pescaria em Ãgua doce.
The present study analyzes the oppositions, as well the dialogues, between urban spaces and natural environment on the constitution of Fortaleza City (capital of the Cearà State - Brazil)as a "regional mepropolis". With the focus on the lake-dwelling fishermen, this work points to the close relationship among urban development and the fishing activities that occur by the border of this process. It also underlines the conflict in the discourses relative to the diverging interests of the fishermen crafts, entrepeneurs and the public authorities about the uses and appropriations of the pounds. The empirical research was made at the Parangaba Lagoon and describes the sociabilities invented in a place "liminar" condition - relationships of the genders, the corporal movements and the practices of fishing in fresh water.

MONTEIRO JUNIOR, Francisco Helio. Fortaleza na ponta do anzol. 2008. 130f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia). Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.
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The present study analyzes the oppositions, as well the dialogues, between urban spaces and natural environment on the constitution of Fortaleza City (capital of the Ceará State - Brazil)as a "regional mepropolis". With the focus on the lake-dwelling fishermen, this work points to the close relationship among urban development and the fishing activities that occur by the border of this process. It also underlines the conflict in the discourses relative to the diverging interests of the fishermen crafts, entrepeneurs and the public authorities about the uses and appropriations of the pounds. The empirical research was made at the Parangaba Lagoon and describes the sociabilities invented in a place "liminar" condition - relationships of the genders, the corporal movements and the practices of fishing in fresh water.
O presente estudo analisa a oposição entre espaço urbano e meio ambiente na constituição da cidade de Fortaleza como metrópole regional. Considerando o caso dos pescadores lacustres da cidade, o trabalho aponta para a íntima relação entre o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade e a atividade pesqueira que se desenvolveu à margem desse progresso. Também sublinha os discursos conflituosos que envolvem interesses divergentes dos pescadores artesanais, empresários e poder público nos usos e apropriações das lagoas. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada na Lagoa da Parangaba e descreve as sociabilidades forjadas num lugar e numa condição liminar, as relações de gênero e a apropriação da Lagoa pelos pescadores. Ainda desembaraça a intricada e complexa relação entre os apetrechos artesanais, os movimentos corporais e o tempo que envolve a singular pescaria em água doce.

Les protéines essentielles Tip49 (pontin et reptin) font partie de la famille AAA+ (" ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities ") qui est composée d'enzymes impliqués dans des processus cellulaires divers. La propriété commune de ces enzymes semble être la capacité d'effectuer un remodelage des protéines et/ou d'acides nucléiques en consommant de l'ATP. Dans ce but, les protéines AAA+ portent des domaines conservés de liaison et d'hydrolyse de l'ATP - Walker A et B et Sensor I et II. Les protéines TIP49 sont hautement conservées à travers l'évolution (70% d'identité entre les protéines humaines et celles de la levure) et très similaires entre elles (40% d'identité). Malgré leur forte homologie, chacune des deux protéines est essentielle chez les eucaryotes. Leurs partenaires protéiques suggèrent qu'elles soient requises dans de nombreux processus cellulaires générant de l'ADN simple brin (réparation, recombinaison, réplication, transcription, remodelage de la chromatine et biogenèse des snoARN). Les premiers travaux sur les protéines purifiées les ont décrites comme des hélicases possédant une activité ATPase induite par l'ADN simple-brin. Depuis, la capacité à hydrolyser l'ATP des protéines purifiées a été fortement débattue et la fonction exacte de ces protéines reste complètement inconnue. Le projet sur lequel j'ai travaillé sous la direction de Dr. M. Grigoriev était une caractérisation en détail in vitro des activités enzymatiques des protéines TIP49 afin de comprendre leur mode d'action dans ces nombreux processus. Résultats : Afin de déterminer leur propriétés biochimiques, nous avons purifié des fractions hexamèrique et monomérique des protéines pontin et reptin. Nous avons trouvé que les monomères étaient actifs en hydrolyse de l'ATP. Cette activité ATPase est dépendante de l'ADN simple (ss) ou double brin (ds). Nous n'avons pas observé une activité ATPase pour la forme hexamérique. L'interaction entre l'ADNss et les protéines, responsable de l'activation de l'ATPase, a été observée par des expériences du retard sur gel. Nous avons montré que la reptin et la pontin lient l'ADN simple brin (ADNss) et l'ADN double brin (ADNds) de façon hautement coopérative. Les complexes formés entre la protéine et l'ADN sont hautement stables. Cette structure nucléoprotéique peut avoir un rôle biologique déterminé par sa stabilité. L'hexamère de reptin lie l'ADNss, mais les complexes hexamère-ADNss ne migrent pas de même façon qu'un complexe monomère-ADNss. En plus, la liaison était beaucoup moins efficace. Ces complexes hautement stables monomère reptin- ADNss peuvent être déstabilisés en présence de cofacteurs nucléotidiques - ADP ou ATP. Cette déstabilisation est accompagnée par l'apparition de bande sur le gel retard correspondant à celle d'hexamère. En présence de l'ATP un complexe met plus longtemps pour se déstabiliser - délai qui peut correspondre au temps nécessaire pour hydrolyser de l'ATP en ADP. Nous avons démontré la capacité de séparer deux brins dans le substrat contenant la partie simple et double brin en présence de l'ATP. Nous avons étudié cette activité hélicase dans les détails. Cette activité est spécifique de substrats 3'-5'. Nous avons démontré que la protéine reptin avait besoin de queues d'ADNss de 30 nucléotides minimum pour se charger sur le substrat et pour l'initiation de la réaction, tandis que la protéine pontin, à son tour, avait besoin l'ADNds assez long pour que la réaction soit efficace. De façon inattendue, nous avons mis en évidence aussi une activité endonucléase spécifique de l'ADNss dans la fraction hexamérique de la protéine. Comme nous avons dit, l'ADP est apparemment nécessaire pour la structuration de la forme hexamèrique. En accord avec ces résultats, nous avons pu voir l'induction de l'activité nucléase dans la fraction monomérique en présence d'ATP ou d'ADP. Pour mieux comprendre la relation entre les activités ATPase, hélicase et nucléase, nous avons nous avons obtenu les mutants ponctuels DEVH -> NEVH de reptin et pontin dans les régions Walker B - domaines qui participent à l'hydrolyse de l'ATP ainsi que un mutant ponctuel de pontin dans une région Sensor II. Nous avons montré que ces mutations déstabilisent l'équilibre entre l'état hexamérique et monomérique. De plus, les activités hélicase, ATPase et nucléase sont modifiées. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces résultats des travaux nous permettent de suggérer que l'oligomérisation des protéines pontin et reptin est hautement importante dans la contrôle de transition d'activité hélicase vers l'activité nucléase. Ces résultats servent à mieux comprendre leurs fonctions exactes dans les diverses voies métaboliques de l'ADN dans lesquelles elles sont impliquées
Pontin and reptin are essential proteins in yeast and embryonic-lethal in higher eukaryotes (Qiu X. B. Et al. , 1998; Wood M. A. Et al. , 2000) that share a high degree of similarity and have been highly conserved from yeast to human. They are implicated in a variety of cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling during double-strand break (DSB) repair, transcriptional regulation and maintenance of genome stability (Gallant, 2007; Jha S. And Dutta A. , 2008). Pontin and reptin are found in several molecular complexes such as Ino80, TIP60 and Swr1 (Jha S. And Dutta A. , 2008). Pontin and reptin regulate many cancer-related pathways. Indeed, they are essential mediators of oncogenic transformation induced by c-Myc (Wood M. A. Et al. , 2000; Dugan K. A. Et al. , 2002) and beta-catenin (Feng Y. Et al. , 2003). In spite of high interest in their cellular function(s), their mechanisms of action remain unknown and its elucidation constitutes and important step toward understanding the numerous biological processes they are implicated in. Pontin and reptin contain conserved ATP-binding and hydrolysis motifs, such as Walker A and B motifs that are known to bind ATP and Mg2+ ions. Point mutations in the pontin or reptin Walker B box (DEVH -> NEVH) are non viable and show a dominant lethal growth phenotype in the yeast S. Cerevisiae (King T. H. Et al. , 2001). The same mutation in rat cell lines results in enhanced c-Myc activity (Dugan K. A. Et al. , 2002) and inhibition of beta-catenin-mediated neoplastic transformation (Feng Y. Et al. , 2003). However, these mutants have never been studied in vitro. Some evidence has indicated that pontin and reptin possess ATPase and helicase activity on ssDNA substrates (Kanemaki M. Et al, 1997; Makino Y. Et al. , 1999). However, further attempts to detect any activity failed (Ikura T. Et al. , 2000, Puri T. Et al. , 2007). Pontin and reptin were reported to form hexamers and heterododecamers, but whether monomeric or oligomeric forms constitute the biologically active of pontin and reptin has remained controversial (Puri T. Et al. , 2007; Gribun A. Et al, 2008; Torreira E. Et al, 2009). In order to define the biochemical properties of these proteins, we purified recombinant human pontin and reptin in both monomeric and hexameric forms and studied some of their basic properties. We initially demonstrated cooperative binding of pontin and reptin monomers to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, leading to more detailed studies, showing that binding activates weak ATP hydrolysis and induces slow DNA unwinding. We have studied the incidence of different parameters on these activities, such as the length of single and double-stranded regions in DNA substrates, uncovering fundamental differences in the behavior of pontin and reptin. Unexpectedly, we discovered a striking new property of pontin and to a lesser extent reptin hexamers, which display a single strand-specific endonuclease activity. We have analyzed substrate preference and the cofactor requirement for this novel nuclease activity. We introduced point DEVH -> NEVH mutations into the pontin and reptin Walker B box. Taking into account the phenotype of these mutants in vivo or in cellulo, we endeavored to compare their in vitro properties to those of the wild-type proteins. Importantly, in the course of protein purification, the equilibrium between monomeric and hexameric fractions is shifted towards the hexameric form for both DEVH -> NEVH. We also introduced a single residue mutation into the Sensor II motif of pontin that was found mostly as monomers and height molecular weight aggregates with almost no hexamers after purification. We observed that a DEVH -> NEVH mutant that showed facilitated hexamer formation had higher ATPase and helicase activities, while the Sensor II mutant, that failed to form hexamers, exhibited weaker ATPase and helicase activities. Moreover, although nuclease activity of hexamers was ATP-independent, we could observe the induction of nuclease activity in a monomeric form of a wild type pontin and of a DEVH -> NEVH mutant in the presence of ADP cofactor. We suggest that induction of nuclease activity corresponds to hexamer formation. Our results suggest that the transition from monomer to hexamer is highly important for the regulation of the activity of these proteins. Oligomerization of pontin and reptin appears to modulate the transition from helicase to nuclease activities. This would imply that hexamerization is a closely controlled process and that oligomerization might occur over the course of an ordered cycle of action, proceeding from initial DNA binding, ATP hydrolysis and DNA unwinding, leading to endonucleolytic cleavage

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The goal of this dissertation is to examine the impact of professional qualifications and knowledge in the economic and social dynamics of local timber production arrangement of Ponta Grossa - PR. In addition to show the importance of the group of small and mediumsized timber companies in the municipality, highlight is the role of the professional qualification and knowledge, as instruments to improve the competitiveness and profitability of PMEs. Structural changes of capitalism affected the world of work, requiring employees greater ability to seize new knowledge, because knowledge and learning is crucial in the process of empowerment of productive and innovative Arrangements Produtivos Places- APLs. To achieve this goal, sought up support in theoretical discussions today on APLs and economy of learning. The methodological procedures used were based on quantitative and qualitative methods. Firstly surveys were conducted of data that supported the study of the historical process, which resulted in the geographic concentration of territorial timber companies in the municipality. Furthermore, these data helped to characterize the current state of APL. The qualitative research was based on interviews with employers, directors and managers of companies, as well as leaders of educational institutions, public administration and unions. It was observed that APL timber of Ponta Grossa is low because there is no formal type of synergy between the various institutions that make this agglomeration. owever, it is realized that cooperation occurs in informal processes, in which the knowledge is shared rooted in the institutions and maintain competitive companies in what appears to be the highest quality of them: Knowledge of the timber market. Furthermore, the competitiveness of the sector is affected by macroeconomic factors, because there is a difficulty of the undertakings is to anticipate influences of these factors.
O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o impacto da qualificação profissional e do conhecimento na dinâmica econômico-social do arranjo produtivo local madeireiro de Ponta Grossa – PR. Além de mostrar a importância do conjunto de pequenas e médias empresas madeireiras no município, ressaltam-se o papel da qualificação profissional e do conhecimento, como instrumentos para melhorar a competitividade e a lucratividade das PMEs. As mudanças estruturais do capitalismo afetaram o mundo do trabalho, exigindo dos trabalhadores uma maior capacidade de apreender novos conhecimentos, pois o conhecimento e o aprendizado são elementos cruciais no processo de capacitação produtiva e inovativa dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais-APLs. Para atingir este objetivo, buscou-se apoio teórico nas discussões atuais sobre APLs e economia da aprendizagem. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram baseados em métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Em primeiro lugar foram realizados levantamentos de dados que fundamentaram o estudo sobre o processo históricogeográfico que resultou na concentração territorial de empresas madeireiras no município. Além disso, esses dados ajudaram a caracterizar a situação atual do APL. A pesquisa qualitativa baseou-se em entrevistas com empresários, diretores e gerentes de empresas, como também dirigentes de instituições de ensino, administração pública e sindical. Observou-se que o APL madeireiro de Ponta Grossa é incipiente, porque não existe nenhum tipo de sinergia formal entre as diversas instituições que formam essa aglomeração. No entanto, percebeu-se que a cooperação ocorre em processos informais, nos quais o conhecimento enraizado nas instituições é partilhado e mantém as empresas competitivas naquilo que parece ser a maior qualidade delas: o conhecimento do mercado madeireiro. Por outro lado, a competitividade do setor é prejudicada por fatores macroeconômicos, pois há uma dificuldade das empresas em se anteciparem às influências destes fatores.

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a Ecologia da Paisagem como ciência aplicada ao manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais. A bacia hidrográfica do rio São Jorge em Ponta Grossa, nos Campos Gerais do Paraná foi definida como área de estudos. Drenando superfície de 2.671 ha., está inserida na porção média da APA (Área de Proteção Ambiental) da Escarpa Devoniana. Papel fundamental nesta abordagem foi destinado a) às categorias de Unidades de Conservação de uso sustentável dos recursos; b) ao Planejamento Ecológico da Paisagem, como sistema para adequação das atividades humanas ao potencial apresentado pelos ecossistemas e c) a bacia hidrográfica como unidade do espaço geográfico a ser manejada. A ánalise da paisagem envolveu três escalas principais: regional, municipal e local (bacia hidrográfica), consideradas como Matriz. Foram interpretados e mapeados aspectos fisiográficos, bióticos e humanos, considerados como sistemas constituintes da paisagem. Através da identificação de padrões em imagens aéreas e de satélite e por sobreposição temático-cartográfica, identificaram-se os elementos constituintes da paisagem: Matriz, Corredores e Unidades de Paisagem (U.P.). Estes elementos apresentam-se como síntese da interação entre os sistemas constituintes, bem como são identificados como Unidades a serem manejadas para a sustentabilidade. Neste contexto, a bacia do rio São Jorge apresenta-se a nível regional e local, como importante remanescente do ecossistema de campos limpos, configurando-se como corredor de conexão entre paisagens de campos nativos menos alterados situados nas porções norte e sul da APA. Para cada U.P., a nível de bacia, três perspectivas, definidas como Parâmetros Determinantes de Manejo (PDM), foram analisadas: a) Qualidade Visual da Paisagem, b) Integridade Ecológica da Paisagem e c) Aptidão Agrícola das Terras. Aplicação de Sistema metodológico para valoração destes Parâmetros possibilitou a definição de Classes de Manejo da Paisagem, representada por níveis de Intensidade e por Unidades de Manejo Sustentável. A metodologia utilizada, envolvendo distintas áreas de conhecimento, apresentou perspectiva potencial para o Planejamento da Paisagem.

Rhododendron ponticum, introduced to the British Isles in 1763, has become a noxious invasive pest species, particularly in the west. Material of R. ponticum and its close allies in subsection Pontica were subjected to chloroplast DNA RFLP analysis. A preliminary phylogeny based on all cpDNA variation detected is presented. Suggestions regarding the interrelationships of these species are made, and a cpDNA-type of unknown taxonomic identity is tentatively identified. Chloroplast DNA differences were detected between native material of R. ponticum from Turkey, Spain and Portugal. Based on these differences, it was determined that approximately 90% of material naturalised in the British Isles originates from Spain and 10% from Portugal. These two types of material occur in roughly the same proportion throughout the British Isles. About 10% of naturalised accessions were found to contain an rDNA marker indicating nuclear introgression from R. catawbiense. Introgressed individuals are shown to be most common in the coldest region of the British Isles surveyed, i.e. E. Scotland, and it is suggested that introgression from R. catawbiense may confer increased frost tolerance to R. ponticum. The occurrence of the rDNA marker was not correlated with that of morphological markers indicating introgression. Correlations were found between morphological characteristics, which may result from introgression from cultivated species, such as R. maximum. Molecular evidence for the involvement of R. maximum in the ancestry of British R. ponticum was found in two accessions which resembled R. maximum. in certain morphological characteristics. It was established that another unidentified species was involved in the parentage of naturalised material. Five natural hybrid combinations amongst Turkish Rhododendron species were detected using morphological, cpDNA and nuclear rDNA markers. These were R. ponticum x R. ungernii, with introgression in both directions; R. ponticum x R. smirnovii; R. smirnovii x R. ungernii with introgression at least towards R. ungernii; R. smirnovii x R. caucasicum; and R. ponticum x R. caucasicum. The unusual characteristics of the last combination are discussed in some detail.

The Pontiac Subprovince is a Late Archean (ca. 2.7 Ga) metasedimentary-metavolanic-granitoid-gneiss terrane situated along the southeastern margin of the Superior Province in Quebec. Detailed structural study of the northwestern part of this amphibolite facies metasedimentary belt has revealed a protracted history of deformation in Late Archean and Early Proterozoic time. An early contractional event (D$\sb1$) resulted in development of steep foliations now preserved as folded or straight relics within microlithons of S$\sb2$ foliation. During this stage, the Cadillac-Larder Lake fault zone acted as a major fault zone along which greenstones for the Abitibi Subprovince were thrust over the Pontiac Subprovince. Regional metamorphism resulted from both thickening of the crust, and intrusion of voluminous I-type graintes. D$\sb2$ structures record peak metamorphic high-temperature deformation of the crustal rocks during which large-scale D$\sb2$ nappes moved towards the south-southeast. The basal thrust faults of these nappes are preserved as high-strain shear zones within the study area. Second order east-trending recumbent F$\sb2$ folds, a penetrative S$\sb2$ crenulation foliation, and a north-northwest-trending L$\sb2$ elongation lineation are other important structures of this deformational event. A later D$\sb3$ contractional event superimposed east-trending upright folds on all earlier structures. Extensional D$\sb4$ structures are associated with reactivation of the Cadillac-Larder Lake fault zone as a normal fault zone, and are only recorded in or close to normal faults within this fault zone. Finally, brittle D$\sb5$ thrust faults and kink structures are superimposed on all older structures in the northwestern Pontiac Subprovince. Gneisses of the Lac Opasatica area record pre-D$\sb1$ penetrative structures that are not present within the other rock types of the study area. Increasing metamorphic grade from biotite zone to sillimanite zone is evident from north (the Cadillac-Larder Lake fault zone) to south in the study area, close to outcrops of the S-type granites. Thermobarometry of samples from the study area indicates that regional metamorphism of the rocks in the northwestern Pontiac Subprovince occurred at about 590$\sp\circ$C and 6.2 kbar. Investigation of the metamorphic and structural history of these Late Archean rocks suggests a clockwise PT path similar to that of Phanerozoic collisional belts. $\sp{40}$Ar/$\sp{39}$Ar age constraints from this study combined with other geochronologic indicate a slow cooling rate of about 2$\sp\circ$ to 6$\sp\circ$C/Ma, and reveal that temperatures as high as 350$\sp\circ$C and 280$\sp\circ$C were persistent in crustal rocks of the area until ca. 150 Ma after attainment of peak metamorphic conditions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)