Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Polymères – Détérioration – Recyclage »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Polymères – Détérioration – Recyclage"
Colomines, Gaël. « Recyclage chimique du polyéthylène téréphthalate (PET) par glycolyse : étude de la cristallinité des glycolysats et leurs applications ». Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20020.
Texte intégralThe depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using a diol as reagent (also called glycolysis) is one of the most often used chemical recycling method which is nowadays developed due to the increase of the PET waste amount coming from plastic bottles. The target of the thesis was to develop a new glycolysis method allowing the control of the crystallinity of the glycolysates in order to valorize them. In a first part, new glycolysates of PET were synthesized from oligoesters instead of diols to obtain the lower crystalline compounds. In a second part, the crystallinity of the different glycolysates was determined by optical microscopy under polarized light, DSC, rheology and quantified by X-ray analyses. These new amorphous glycolysates were then used in the preparation of polyurethane resins. Thermoplastic elastomers were also synthesized from crystalline glycolysates and from an aliphatic polyether and their dielectric properties were evaluated. Finally, the use of glycolysates as macroinitiator was explored in the synthesis of tribloc copolymers using atom transfer radical polymerization (A. T. R. P. )
Naït-Ali, Kako Linda. « Le PET recyclé en emballages alimentaires : approche expérimentale et modélisation ». Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20023.
Texte intégralMouawia, Ali. « Elaboration d'un procédé écologique autorisant la dégradation contrôlée de polydiènes en vue du recyclage de déchets d'élastomères ». Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2002.
Texte intégralThis work is devoted to the development of an environmentally friendly method for the valuation of waste tire. This method is based on the degradation of tires natural rubber (NR) mainly composed of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI), to form telechelic polyisoprene, using the Ruthenium-catalyzed olefins metathesis reaction. The ionic liquid medium was chosen for this process to allow the easy recover of the product and to limit the toxic metal contamination of the product. The IL used in this study are cyphos 101 and [DOIM][Br]. The optimization of the reaction on the PI showed that cryogenic grinding is necessary and that the degradation could be controlled by the reaction time and the concentration of PI in the IL. Under these conditions, the catalytic ionic liquid phase could be reused up to 8 times in the degradation reaction of PI. This process allowed the synthesis of amino or acetate functionalized PI. Finally, this method was applied successfully to the degradation of waste tire
Bourgeois, Laetitia. « Etude des tétrazènes comme amorceurs de polymérisation radicalaire conventionnelle : vers des polymères N-fonctionnalisés ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10274.
Texte intégralThis project deals with the role of tetrazenic compounds as initiators of free radical polymerization. The tetrazene function is composed of four successively bonded nitrogen atoms, providing three consecutive nitrogen-nitrogen bonds. The tetravalent nature of this function offers a structural versatility and thus, modular properties and reactivity. Its decomposition under heating, irradiation or by the addition of an activating agent (acid, electrophilic agent, metal) leads to the extrusion of nitrogen and the formation of aminyl radicals whose involvement in initiating free radical polymerization may be worth studying. Our research group has an expertise in the chemistry of Nitrogen-rich compounds, in particular tetrazenes, which can be obtained by oxidation of hydrazines. The (E)-1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-tetrazene (TMTZ) is the simplest substituted tetrazene stable at room temperature. Using monochloramine as oxidizing agent, it was prepared in good yield with a high degree of purity from unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). This research project focused on the reactivity of TMTZ and its role as radical polymerization initiator. Its ability to initiate polymerization was studied under heating with or without an activating agent and under irradiation. The methyl methacrylate (MMA) was chosen as monomer to optimize the experimental conditions. 98% of MMA conversion were obtained at 70 °C after 3 hours of reaction using the system TMTZ / acetic anhydride as initiator. Thanks to the analysis of polymer chain ends by various characterization techniques, the presence of tetrazene moiety at the ends of polymer chains was identified. Plausible mechanisms were proposed for the formation of a C-centered α-tetrazene radical. The study was then extended to various monomers. The nucleophilic nature of the α-tetrazene radical makes the polymerization of electrophilic monomers easier than the one of nucleophilic monomers. The decomposition of the tetrazene function in the polymers chain ends gives the opportunity to control polymers depolymerization and hence their recycling into monomers. Depending on the experimental conditions, its decomposition can also form macroradicals, which led to diblock polymers upon re-initiation. This opens up pathways to interesting macromolecular architectures for 3D or 4D printing applications. The study was also extended to functionalized tetrazenes and poly(tetrazenes) to modulate the polymers chain ends. The synthesis routes of the tetrazenic initiators were based on hydrazine precursors oxidation using different approaches: either a catalytic method using CuI/O2 in the presence of bipyridine ligands or a more classical one using iodine as oxidizing agent. Their efficiency in initiating radical polymerization was compared to TMTZ’s. For example, the morpholine-2-tetrazene was the most effective initiator at 70 °C, as it led to 62% of MMA conversion after 24 hours of polymerization, without the use of an activating agent; while at 90 °C, the dimethyl-diphenyl-2-tetrazene led to the highest conversion rate of MMA = 47%, after 3 hours of polymerization. As an example of poly(tetrazenes), a polyurethane-type one was studied, which was obtained from the polycondensation of an (activated) tetrazenic diol and a diamine linker. Despite its decomposition, no polymerization of MMA using this polytetrazene as initiator was successful. Cyclization mechanisms or recombination / dismutation reactions between the macroradicals obtained could occur more probably than the initiation of MMA. As an outcome, the tetrazene moiety plays a double radical source role: as an initiator allowing the formation of N-functionalized polymers and also as a reactive chain end upon decomposition allowing polymers recycling through efficient depolymerization. These valuable properties of the tetrazene function open up many perspectives of applications and can be an asset for the management of polymers end of life
De, Almeida Olivier. « Etude des mécanismes de déformation de polypropylènes-chocs par analyse des champs de déformations tridimentionnels : évolution des matériaux de pare-chocs automobiles au cours du cycle de vie (vieillissement, pollution et recyclage) ». Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2336.
Texte intégralAchtioui, Touria. « Mise en œuvre et caractérisation de matériaux polymères issus d' emballages plastiques recyclés ». Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS036.
Texte intégralThe aim of this PhD thesis was to understand the mechanisms of degradation of SAN and ABS from waste sprues and undelivered packages from Albea Group (formerly known as Alcan Packaging). The results of this project should allow the reduction of waste volume, the improvement of material properties and a costs reduction. The present workshould also improve the understanding of the fundamental aspects of physical recyclability of polymers during different cycles in injection molding.The first part of the study performed using an internal mixer showed how degradation was influenced by processing parameters such as the rotor speed, the temperature and the mixing time. Thus, considering the SAN, the mechanisms of the thermo-mechanical degradation are both generated by the thermo-mechanical degradation and by the oxidation that involves chain scissions. In the case of ABS, its mechanisms of thermo-mechanical degradation imply further chromophores sites, several competition reactions such as crosslinking and chain scissions.The innovative feature of our work was to establish a theoretical mechanism of degradation of ABS and SAN under processing conditions used in industry thanks to our experimental approach with original investigation procedure (TMDSC, solid state NMR, AFM). Afterwards, we were then able to identify the real contribution on the one hand of the shearing effect, which seemed still unstudied in the literature, and of the other hand of the thermal effect.Finally, it was found that degradation was not affecting SAN mechanical properties whereas discoloration and a reduction of viscosity were observed. On the opposite, the recycling of ABS resulted in a significant reduction of tensile properties and the impact strength due to the presence of varnish which interfered in stress transfer between PB nodules and the SAN matrix
Riou, Fabienne. « Procédé de traitement des déchets de circuits imprimés : valorisation par dépolymérisation chimique ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0906.
Texte intégralFeghali, Elias. « Nouveaux procédés catalytiques pour le recyclage de déchets ligno-cellulosiques, de polymères et de dérivés du CO₂ ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112173/document.
Texte intégralThe objective of this thesis was the development of new innovative synthetic methods for recycling waste carbon compounds or renewable raw materials to improve the sustainability of the industrial chemical sector and reduce its dependence on fossil resources. In this context, the work has been performed following three main areas of research intended for the development of new catalytic processes for the valorization of oxalic acid, derived from CO2, waste polymer materials and biomass. To achieve these objectives, a strategy based on the reductive cleavage of C–O bonds using the hydrosilylation reactions catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 was selected. First, this strategy resulted in the generation of a wide range of products with different degrees of oxidation, from oxalic acid, ranging from trisilylated glyoxylic acid to ethane. Afterwards, the system B(C6F5)3-hydrosilane allowed the selective depolymerization of waste plastics (such as PLA, PET, PC-BPA) as well as bio-based polyesters such as tannic acid and suberin, to a variety of molecules including alcohols, phenols and alkanes. Finally, it has been shown that B(C6F5)3 is an efficient and selective hydrosilylation catalyst for the reductive cleavage of α-O-4 and β-O-4 models, the main linkages in lignin. This reaction was successfully transposed to lignin derived from wood and a new process for obtaining pure aromatic products from lignin has been developed
Mbotchak, Laurie. « Valorisation de polyphénols dans le domaine des matériaux polymères : application de l’acide p-coumarique ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10223/document.
Texte intégralAgro-food processing processes generate tons of waste that industry considers them to be low valuable. However, this waste is abounding of significant amounts of chemical compounds. The aim of the work is to valorize phenolic compounds, polyphenols, present in the waste of the agro-food industry. The first, the synthesis of p-coumaric acid homopolymer was carried out. Then, in the second step, the preparation of a diacid derived from p-coumaric acid was also carried out. Copolymerization of the diacid with aliphatic diol segments yielded a series of poly(ether-ester)s. The polyesters obtained have a glass transition temperature between 50°C and 100°C, but do not have a melting point. The second valorization was devoted to the use of p-coumaric acid and its homopolymer as uv-stabilizer additives against polylactic acid ageing. The neat and doped PLA films have been exposed to two ageing conditions: uva/temperature ageing and uva/humidity/temperature ageing. The effect of additives on the PLA ageing was studied and the results obtained show that the addition of p-coumaric acid accelerated the ageing . A strong decrease of molar mass is observed influencing the physicochemical properties od PLA
Gregoire, Sylvain. « Etude et optimisation de la méthode LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) pour l'identification de matériaux organiques appliquée au recyclage des plastiques et à la conservation du patrimoine ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062281.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Polymères – Détérioration – Recyclage"
Aguado, Jose, Clark James H, David P. Serrano, M. J. Braithwaite et R. S. Drago. Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2007.
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