Thèses sur le sujet « POLYAMINE RECEPTORS »

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1

Shao, Zuoyi. « The effect of polyamine amide toxins and polyamines in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the TE671 cell line ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338532.

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2

Brackley, Philip T. H. « Properties of vertebrate glutamate receptors expressed In Xenopus oocytes and their interactions with polyamine-containing toxins ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335702.

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3

Ring, Joshua Roderick. « SYNTHETIC AROMATIC AGMATINE ANALOGS AS ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS OF THE N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA) RECEPTOR CHANNEL ». UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/413.

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The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are highly regulated ligand-gated ion channels, which are affected by many substrates. Overactivation of the NMDA receptor can lead to hyperexcitability and a number of neurotoxic effects and neurological diseases. Agmatine has been demonstrated to act allosterically as an inhibitory modulator at the polyamine recognition sites of the NMDA receptor complex. The present study synthesized and evaluated a library of agmatine analogs for their ability to displace tritiated MK-801 from NMDARs in P2 membrane preparations from rat brains at ligand concentrations of 1 mM and 50 uM. A full dose-response curve was generated for the most active compounds, in the presence and absence of a pathological level of spermidine (100 uM). A forty-five member subset of arylidenamino-guanidino compounds was synthesized and all were demonstrated to be NMDA receptor inhibitory modulators in the above assay. Three of these compounds generated biphasic curves, indicating activity at two binding sites: the postulated high-affinity agmatine binding site, and a low-affinity site (perhaps the channel itself). (4-Chlorobenzylidenamino)-guanidine hydrochloride demonstrated an IC50 of 3.6 uM at the former site and 124.5 uM at the latter. Several computer models were generated to direct further synthesis. Based on the structure-activity relationship of the arylidenamino-guanidino compounds, a pharmacophore model of the agmatine binding site of the NMDAR was proposed.
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4

O'Sullivan, M. C. « Synthesis of certain polyamines and their application in polyamine-receptor studies ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233291.

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5

Fenniri, Hicham. « Polyamines macrocycliques : recepteurs et catalyseurs biomimetiques ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13014.

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Les proprietes physico-chimiques des polyamines macrocycliques font de cette classe de molecules les candidats de choix pour la mise au point de recepteurs et de catalyseurs biomimetiques. Les deux premiers chapitres de cette these, introduisent les concepts de la catalyse supramoleculaire et les proprietes des polyamines. Le troisieme chapitre est consacre a l'etude des proprietes de complexation d'une nouvelle sonde fluorescente pour l'atp, qui s'est averee etre aussi un excellent recepteur pour le nadph. Nous avons egalement mis au point un systeme dans lequel une kinase artificielle fonctionne in situ avec des enzymes naturelles, par couplage energetique; cette etude constitue le premier exemple de couplage entre une enzyme artificielle et des enzymes naturelles; ces etudes ainsi que d'autres sur le mecanisme de transfert de phosphoryle catalyse par la kinase artificielle ont fait l'objet du quatrieme chapitre. Dans les cinquieme et sixieme chapitres nous avons demontre que les polyamines macrocycliques pouvaient activer des molecules tels que le malonate, le pyruvate, et l'acetoacetate, par des mecanismes biomimetiques. L'echange proton/deuterium du malonate a pu etre accelere plus de deux cent cinquante mille fois, et celui du pyruvate plus de huit mille fois
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6

Mitchinson, Andrew. « New synthetic routes to polyamines and their use in receptor studies ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481468.

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7

Davachi, David Hadi. « Intracellular polyamines cause the voltage-dependent block of nicotine acetylcholine receptors in native neurons ». Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32988.

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The polyamines spermine and spermidine are found ubiquitously in all mammalian cells where they play a role in a variety of cellular processes. In recent years, the interaction of polyamines with a number of structurally and functionally distinct cation channels has been described. These studies have shown that intracellular polyamines cause a voltage-dependent block of currents from inwardly rectifying K+ channels, AMPA and kainate type glutamate receptors, and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. As result of the voltage-dependent polyamine block, these channels conduct current at negative membrane potentials but do not conduct current at positive membrane potentials. This property is termed inward rectification and likely plays an important role in the function of these channels.
The focus of my thesis has been to study the polyamine mediated inward rectification of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).
To determine whether spermine causes the rectification of nAChRs in native neurons, I used the Gyro mouse model that lacks spermine due to a deletion in the gene coding for spermine synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of spermine. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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8

Brier, Timothy James. « The interaction of polyamine-amides with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the TE671 cell lines ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247142.

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9

Daeffler, Laurent. « Agonistes inverses et ligands des proteines g, modulation de l'activite constitutive des recepteurs muscariniques m2 (doctorat : pharmacologie) ». Strasbourg 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR15070.

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10

Busse, Leigh Anne. « Characterization of the interaction of putrescine and the adenosine-3' ,5'-cyclic monophosphate-cAMP receptor protein complex in the regulation of the speC gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase in Escherichia coli ». Thesis, This resource online, 1988. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04122010-083645/.

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11

Pezet, Denis. « Adenocarcinomes colorectaux humains : expression des recepteurs a la vitamine d et aux hormones sexuelles ; metabolisme des polyamines ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1MM01.

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12

Gewehr, Camila de Campos Velho. « CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO RECEPTOR VANILOIDE NA NOCICEPÇÃO INDUZIDA PELA INJEÇÃO PERIFÉRICA DE POLIAMINAS EM CAMUNDONGOS ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8976.

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Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are important endogenous regulators of ion channels, such as vanilloid (TRPV1), glutamatergic (NMDA or AMPA/kainate) and acid-sensitive (ASIC) receptors. In the present study, it was investigated the possible nociceptive effect induced by polyamines and the mechanisms involved in this nociception in vivo and in vitro. The subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of capsaicin, spermine, spermidine or putrescine produced nociception with ED50 of 0.16 (0.07-0.39) nmol/paw, 0.4 (0.2-0.7) μmol/paw, 0.3 (0.1-0.9) μmol/paw and 3.2 (0.9-11.5) μmol/paw, respectively. The antagonists of NMDA (MK801, 1 nmol/paw), AMPA/kainate (DNQX, 1 nmol/paw) or ASIC receptors (amiloride, 100 nmol/paw) failed to reduce the spermine-trigged nociception. However, the TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine or SB366791 (1 nmol/paw) reduced spermine-induced nociception, with inhibition of 81±10 and 68±9%, respectively. The previous desensitization with resiniferatoxin (RTX) largely reduced the spermine-induced nociception and TRPV1 expression in the sciatic nerve, with reductions of 82±9% and 67±11%, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of spermine (100 nmol/paw) and RTX (0.005 fmol/paw), in doses which alone were not capable of inducing nociception, produced nociceptive behaviors. Moreover, different concentrations of spermine (3-300 μM) enhanced the specific binding of [3H]-RTX to TRPV1 receptor. Altogether, polyamines produce spontaneous nociceptive effect through the stimulation of TRPV1, but not of ionotropic glutamate or ASIC receptors.
As poliaminas (putrescina, espermidina e espermina) são importantes reguladores endógenos de canais iônicos como o receptor vaniloide (TRPV1), os receptores glutamatérgicos (NMDA ou AMPA/cainato) e o canal iônico sensível ao ácido (ASIC). No presente estudo, investigou-se o possível efeito nociceptivo induzido por poliaminas e o mecanismo envolvido nesta nocicepção in vivo e in vitro. A injeção subcutânea (s.c.) de capsaicina, espermina, espermidina e putrescina produziram nocicepção com DE50 de 0,16 (0,07-0,39) nmol/pata, 0,4 (0,2-0,7) μmol/pata, 0,3 (0,1-0,9) μmol/pata e 3,2 (0,9-11,5) μmol/pata, respectivamente. Os antagonistas dos receptores NMDA (MK801, 1 nmol/pata), AMPA/cainato (DNQX, 1 nmol/pata) ou ASIC (amiloride, 100 nmol/pata) não reduziram a nocicepção induzida por espermina. Porém, os antagonistas do receptor TRPV1 capsazepina (1 nmol/pata) e SB366791 (10 nmol/pata) reduziram a nocicepção induzida por espermina, com inibições de 81±10 e 68±9%, respectivamente. A dessensibilização prévia com resiniferatoxina (RTX) reduziu a nocicepção induzida por espermina e a expressão de TRPV1 no nervo ciático, com reduções de 82±9% e 67±11%, respectivamente. Além disso, a combinação de espermina (1 nmol/pata) e RTX (0,005 fmol/pata), em doses que separadamente não são eficientes em induzir nocicepção, produziu comportamento nociceptivo. Finalmente, diferentes concentrações de espermina (3-300 μM) aumentaram a ligação específica de [3H]-RTX ao receptor TRPV1. Assim, os resultados demonstram que poliaminas produzem efeito nociceptivo espontâneo através da estimulação de receptor TRPV1, mas não de receptores glutamatérgicos ionotrópicos ou canal iônico sensível a ácido.
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Ceretta, Ana Paula Chiapinotto. « Administração sistêmica de espermidina e arcaína altera a memória da tarefa de esquiva inibitória em ratos : envolvimento da dependência de estado ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11145.

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The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are present in high concentrations in the central nervous system and, because of their policationic nature, they can interact with diverse cellular anionic targets (nucleic acids and proteins) and modulate the learning and memory by interacting with the polyamine binding site at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. In this study we investigated the effects of the systemic administration of spermidine and arcaine on the memory of the inhibitory avoidance task in rats. It was also determined whether the effects of the spermidine and arcaine involve state dependence. The animals were trained in an inhibitory avoidance apparatus (0.4 mA, 3s) and tested in the same apparatus 24 hours later. Immediate post-training administration of spermidine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) improved, while arcaine (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired step-down latencies in the inhibitory avoidance test. Administration of spermidine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 minutes before testing did not alter the performance of rats which were injected with spermidine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle immediately after training. However, administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 minutes before testing reverted the impairment of memory caused by the administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately after training. Administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) before testing partially reverted the impairment of memory caused by the administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately after training, characterizing a crossed state dependence. The results suggest that memory improvement caused by the administration of spermidine immediately after training is not due to state dependence. In contrast, the impairment of memory induced by arcaine is due to state dependence. The crossed state dependence between arcaine and MK-801 supports that state dependence induced by arcaine is related to NMDA receptor hypofunction.
As poliaminas, putrescina, espermidina e espermina estão presentes em altas concentrações no sistema nervoso central e, por sua natureza policatiônica, podem interagir com sítios aniônicos de macromoléculas (ácidos nucléicos e proteínas) e modulam o aprendizado e a memória interagindo com o sítio de ligação das poliaminas no receptor N-metil-D-apartato. Neste estudo nós investigamos os efeitos da administração sistêmica de espermidina e arcaína sobre a memória da tarefa de esquiva inibitória em ratos. Também foi determinado se os efeitos da espermidina e arcaína envolvem dependência de estado. Os animais foram treinados em um aparelho de esquiva inibitória (0,4 mA, 3 seg) e testados no mesmo aparelho, 24 horas depois. A administração imediatamente após o treino de espermidina (50 mg/kg, i.p.) melhorou, enquanto que arcaína (10 e 30 mg/kg, i.p.) prejudicou a latência de descida da plataforma no teste da esquiva inibitória. A administração de espermidina (50 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 minutos antes do teste não afetou a performance dos ratos que foram injetados com espermidina (50 mg/kg, i.p.) ou veículo imediatamente após o treino. Entretanto, a administração de arcaína (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 minutos antes do teste reverteu o prejuízo da memória causado pela administração de arcaína (30 mg/kg, i.p.) imediatamente após o treino. A administração de arcaína (30 mg/kg, i.p.) ou MK-801 (0,03 mg/kg, i.p.) antes do teste reverteu parcialmente o prejuízo da memória causado pela administração de arcaína (30 mg/kg) ou MK-801 (0,03 mg/kg) imediatamente após o treino, caracterizando dependência de estado cruzada. Estes resultados sugerem que a melhora da memória causada pela administração de espermidina imediatamente após o treino não é devido à dependência de estado. Em contraste, o prejuízo da memória induzido pela arcaína é devido a uma dependência de estado. A dependência de estado cruzada entre arcaína e MK-801. sugere que a dependência de estado induzida pela arcaína envolve a hipofunção do receptor NMDA.
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Frühauf, Pâmella Karina Santana. « ESPERMINA REVERTE O DANO DE MEMÓRIA INDUZIDO POR LIPOPOLISSACARÍDEO EM CAMUNDONGOS ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9008.

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Neuroinflammation is a neuropathological finding in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation and memory deficit. Spermine and spermidine are endogenous polyamines that physiologically modulate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in mammals by binding to the polyamine-binding site at the NMDA receptor. Since polyamines improve memory in cognitive tasks, we tested whether the post-training administration of spermine reverses the deficits of memory induced by LPS in the object recognition task in mice. While spermine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased, ifenprodil (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a noncompetitive GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor antagonist, decreased the discrimination score on novel object recognition task. Spermine, at dose that did not alter memory (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), reversed the cognitive impairment induced by LPS (250 μg/kg, i.p.). Ifenprodil (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the protective effect of spermine against LPS-induced memory deficits in the novel object recognition task. However, spermine failed to reverse the LPS-induced increased of cortical and hippocampal cytokines levels. The results indicate that spermine protects from LPS-induced memory deficits in mice by mechanisms other than decreasing LPS-induced cytokine production.
A inflamação periférica desencadeia a produção central de citocinas inflamatórias, gerando um quadro de neuroinflamação. Essa condição altera as transmissões no receptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato (NMDA) o que prejudica a memória e a plasticidade sináptica. A injeção de Lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) induz a neuroinflamação e prejudica a memória. A espermina e a espermidina são poliaminas endógenas que modulam fisiologicamente o receptor NMDA em mamíferos. Uma vez que as poliaminas melhoram a memória em tarefas cognitivas, investigamos se a administração pós-treino de espermina reverte o prejuízo de memória induzido por LPS sistêmico na tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos em camundongos. Enquanto a espermina (1 mg/kg, ip) aumentou, o ifenprodil (10 mg/kg, ip), antagonista não competitivo do receptor NMDA contendo GluN2B, diminuiu a discriminação na tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos. A espermina, em doses que não alteram a memória (0,3 mg/kg, ip), reverteu o dano cognitivo induzido por LPS (250 μg/kg, ip). O ifenprodil (0,3 mg/kg, ip) impediu o efeito protetor da espermina contra o prejuízo de memória induzido por LPS na tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos. No entanto, a espermina não reverteu o aumento dos níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias induzido por LPS no hipocampo e córtex cerebral. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a espermina protege a piora da memória induzida por LPS em camundongos. O mecanismo desta proteção envolve o sítio de ligação das poliaminas no receptor NMDA, e não envolve mecanismos anti-inflamatórios.
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Velloso, Nádia Aléssio. « Efeitos da espermina sobre parâmetros motores, cognitivos e neuromorfológicos em um modelo experimental da doença de huntington ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4402.

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Spermine (SPM) is an aliphatic amine which contains four nucleophilic centers and is found in all eukaryotic cells, including nervous cells. It belongs to the group of polyamines, which are molecules associated with both neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spermine on some parameters of toxicity induced by striatal administration of quinolinic acid (QA), an experimental model of Huntington s disease in adult and male Wistar rats. The intrastriatal administration of QA (180 nmol/site) induced contralateral rotations and increase the number of contralateral body swings. The previous striatal administration of SPM caused mixed effects: at the dose of 0.1 nmol/site increased the number of contralateral rotations; but at 10 nmol/site it reduced both the number of rotations and the contralateral body swings induced by QA. The mechanism by which SPM decreases these motor alterations is probably through its interaction with the NMDA receptor, since the co-administration with arcaine (antagonist of polyamine binding sites on this receptor) reversed its protective effect. The increase of protein carbonyl content induced by QA (180 nmol/site) in striatum of rats was prevented by the administration of 10 nmol/site of SPM. Besides, the bilateral striatal injection of QA (180 nmol/site) impaired the performance in the recognition memory task. The post-training striatal administration of SPM (0.1 and 1 nmol/site) reversed the QA-induced cognitive deficit. It was also evaluated whether spermine prevented QA-induced neuromorphological alterations. QA caused striatal neuronal degeneration and reactive astrogliosis. SPM, at the dose that improved the cognitive performance (0.1 nmol/site), had no effect on striatal neuronal degeneration but reversed the intense astrocytic reaction induced by QA. These results suggest that SPM has neuroprotective properties, presenting a dose dependent pattern of polyamine, in this experimental model of Huntington disease.
A espermina (SPM) é uma amina alifática, contendo quatro centros nucleofílicos e é encontrada em todas as células eucarióticas, incluindo células nervosas. Ela pertence ao grupo das poliaminas, moléculas responsáveis tanto por efeitos neuroprotetores quanto neurotóxicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da SPM sobre alguns parâmetros de toxicidade induzidos pela administração estriatal de ácido quinolínico (AQ), um modelo experimental da doença de Huntington em ratos Wistar machos adultos. A administração intraestriatal unilateral de AQ (180 nmol/sítio) induziu o aparecimento de rotações contralaterais e aumento do percentual de balanços corporais contralaterais. A prévia administração estriatal de SPM mostrou efeitos diversos: na dose de 0,1 nmol/sítio aumentou o número de rotações; porém na dose de 10 nmol/sítio ela diminuiu tanto o número de rotações quanto o percentual de balanços corporais contralaterais induzidos pelo AQ. O mecanismo pelo qual a SPM diminui estas alterações motoras é, provavelmente, devido à sua interação com o receptor NMDA, uma vez que sua co-administração com a arcaína (antagonista do sítio das poliaminas neste receptor) reverteu o efeito protetor da mesma. A administração de 10 nmol/sítio de SPM preveniu o aumento do conteúdo de proteína carbonil induzida pela injeção de AQ (180 nmol/sítio) no estriado de ratos. Além disso, foi observado prejuízo cognitivo na tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos após a injeção estriatal bilateral de AQ (180 nmol/sítio). A administração estriatal póstreino de SPM (0,1 e 1 nmol/sítio) reverteu este déficit cognitivo induzido pelo AQ. Para avaliação das alterações neuromorfológicas neste modelo foram observadas degeneração neuronal e reação astrocitária. O AQ aumentou significativamente a degeneração de neurônios estriatais e a astrogliose reativa. A SPM, na menor dose que melhorou o desempenho cognitivo (0,1 nmol/sítio), não teve efeito sobre a degeneração neuronal estriatal; no entanto, ela foi capaz de reverter a intensa reação astrocitária induzida pela injeção de AQ. Estes resultados sugerem que a SPM tem propriedades neuroprotetoras, que apresentam um padrão dependente da dose da poliamina, neste modelo experimental da doença de Huntington.
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GAMBS, SOLANGE. « Exploration topologique et pharmacologique des sites polyamines associes aux recepteurs ionotropes n-methyl d-aspartate et nicotinique a l'aide d'une sonde photoactivable : l'azidophenylspermine ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13213.

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Les informations structurales concernant les sites polyamines des recepteurs couples a un canal proviennent essentiellement de la mutagenese dirigee. L'interpretation des donnees ainsi obtenues n'est pas sans ambiguite et, a defaut de donnees cristallographiques decisives, la confrontation d'approches structurales differentes est necessaire. La modification chimique des sites polyamines associes aux recepteurs nicotiniques et nmda par marquage de photoaffinite peut contribuer efficacement a l'avancee des connaissances du site de liaison en permettant l'identification des acides amines directement impliques dans l'interaction ligand-recepteur. Cette technique a montre toute son efficacite dans l'identification de residus participant a la structure du site de liaison de l'acetylcholine sur le recepteur nicotinique et a ainsi apporte des elements d'information de premier ordre dans la comprehension structurale et fonctionnelle des recepteurs de cette famille. Nous nous sommes proposes dans ce travail de these de localiser, par la technique de marquage de photoaffinite, les sites polyamines des recepteurs nicotinique et nmda. Cette etude structurale a pour objectif de fournir une description moleculaire des sites polyamines et ainsi de mieux comprendre la structure et le fonctionnement de ces recepteurs. Au cours de cette etude nous avons realise plusieurs etapes. Le ligand photosensible, azidophenylspermine, a ete synthetise sous forme tritiee et non tritiee ; ce derive genere par irradiation, une espece alkylante tres reactive et peu discriminante vis-a-vis des residus cibles. Puis nous avons etudie son activite pharmacologique et ses proprietes de liaison en absence de lumiere, mis au point le photomarquage et entrepris l'analyse des recepteurs marques en vue de la caracterisation des acides amines modifies. Une fois complets ces resultats devront permettre de completer et/ou valider les donnees actuelles de mutagenese dirigee et de completer les modeles structuraux existants du recepteur nmda ; dans le cas du recepteur nicotinique on espere obtenir les premieres informations structurales concernant ce site.
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Schuh, Mélanie. « Caractérisation des voies de signalisation contrôlées par les androgènes dans le muscle strié chez la souris ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ106/document.

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Les muscles permettent de générer force et mouvements et ont des fonctions métaboliques importantes. Mon travail a consisté à caractériser le rôle et les mécanismes d’actions des androgènes dans le muscle strié. Nous avons montré que l’ablation du récepteur des androgènes dans les myofibres n’affecte pas la masse musculaire car à la fois les voies anaboliques (IGF1) et cataboliques (myostatine) sont dérégulées. Cependant, l’absence du récepteur dans les myofibres diminue l’hypertrophie musculaire induite par une surcharge mécanique et limite l’atrophie induite par les glucocorticoïdes. Son ablation augmente également l’autophagie, entrainant une déstructuration des sarcomères, conduisant à une diminution de la force musculaire. De plus, sa délétion diminue la vitesse d’absorption du glucose lors d’une surcharge glucidique. Le récepteur des androgènes dans les myofibres régule donc la masse et la force musculaire, ainsi que l’import du glucose
Muscles generate strength and movement, and have important metabolic functions. The aim of my work was to characterize the role and mechanisms of action of androgen receptor in skeletal muscle. We show that ablation of the androgen receptor in skeletal muscle myofibers does not affect muscle mass as both anabolic (IGF1) and catabolic pathways (myostatin) are deregulated. However, the absence of this receptor in myofibers decreases muscle hypertrophy induced by mechanical overload and limits glucocorticoids-induced muscle atrophy. Its ablation also increases autophagy, leading to sacromeres destructuration, resulting in decreased muscle strength. Moreover, its deletion reduced the rate of glucose absorption during a glucidic overload. Thus, myofibres androgen receptor regulates muscle mass and strength, as well as glucose import
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BARTOLI, FRANCESCO. « SYNTHESIS OF NEW POLYAMINE RECEPTORS AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES AS FLUORESCENCE CHEMOSENSORS FOR ANIONS ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1054958.

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This project will be devoted to design and synthesis of new fluorescence molecular sensors (chemosensors) for anions in aqueous solution. The targeted species will be inorganic anions of environmental importance, such as halides, phosphates, nitrates, arsenate, etc., or biological substrates having anionic or easy ionizable functions, such as aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, nucleosides and nucleotides. In this respect, we will synthesize new fluorescent polyamine systems, whose protonated forms can be able to bind anions in water, as well as their metal complexes. Both polyammonium and metal based receptors will be tested as selective binding and signaling agents for anionic substrates; this aim is reached when the coordination of the guest changes the fluorescence emission properties of the chemosensor. Selective binding can be achieved by synthesizing receptors containing suitably constructed cleft or cavities to host the anion, in order to maximize the receptoranion interaction. In the course of the development of new metal-based chemosensors for anions, we have in particular investigated the fluorescence emission properties of Zn(II) complexes, whose ability to adapt its coordination environment to bind exogenous substrates is well known. This has lead to the synthesis and characterization of selective fluorescence chemosensors for the recognition of the ion Zn(II). This goal may be also of relevance. Zinc(II) is in fact an essential trace element in all forms of life. Despite its crucial importance in the basic functions maintenance such as proliferation and cell growth, the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involving Zn(II) at a cellular and sub-cellular level are not completely clarified and Zn(II) chemosensors may represent new efficient tools for the analysis of its role in biological processes.
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Phillips, John Wilson. « Biological Activity of a Py-Im Polyamide Androgen Receptor Antagonist ». Thesis, 2011. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/6493/1/01_Phillips_TOC.pdf.

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Py-Im polyamides are cell-permeable, programmable, sequence-specific, DNA minor groove-binding small molecules. When designed to bind a DNA sequence that matches the consensus DNA-binding sequence of a transcription factor, they can be used to block the binding of that transcription factor to its response element in vitro and in cell culture. We have used this approach to inhibit the genotropic activity of the endogenous transcription factors HIF1α, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and androgen receptor (AR). In this work, we report the completion of a library of hairpin Py-Im polyamides targeted to all possible 5’-WGNNNW-3’ (W = A or T) sequences. These compounds bind their target DNA sequences with high affinity. One compound from this set targets the sequence 5’-WGWWCW-3’, which matches the DNA binding consensus sequence of GR and AR and has been shown to inhibit the gene regulatory activity of these proteins in cell culture. Herein, we show that a cyclic derivative of this compound maintains its activity against AR-driven gene expression in hormone-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. As androgen receptor signaling is crucial to prostate cancer growth and metastasis even in its recurrent form, we next examine the activity of the AR/GR antagonist in a tissue culture model of castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this model, the polyamide retains its activity against AR-driven mRNA expression, but it fails to inhibit the binding of AR to its response element. The polyamide-mediated repression is also accompanied by significant cell stress and cytotoxicity, which are explored in the final two chapters of this thesis. The former investigates a role for polyamides as inhibitors of DNA Topoisomerase II. Despite in vitro evidence indicating polyamides prevent Topoisomerase II binding, no evidence for this is found in cell culture. The final chapter reveals that polyamide-mediated cytotoxicity is likely due to inhibition of DNA synthesis. This occurs at concentrations similar to those used for transcription factor inhibition, suggesting that S-phase disturbance accompanies efforts to regulate gene expression with polyamides.
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Chen, Kai-Fan, et 陳凱芳. « Polyamines suppress Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in neutrophil-like cells ». Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74168233243955614490.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
應用化學系生化科技碩士班
101
Neutrophils are the first immune cells to arrive at sites of infection. Bacterial products induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines in neutrophils. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the principal outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. TLR4 is one of the most important regulators of neutrophil activation. Polyamines play an important role in many biological functions, including cell cycle, proliferation and immunomodulation. Polyamines specifically suppress the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. However, how it regulates the immune responses is still unclear. Therefore, we examined whether polyamines regulated TLR4 signaling to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines . In this study, we found that polyamines inhibited TLR4 protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, polyamines repressed IL-1b expression in neutrophil-like cells to response LPS. In addition, a NF-kB inhibitor BAY-11-7082 and an AP-1 inhibitor curcumin suppressed TLR4 expression in neutrophil-like cells. We further found polyamines inhibited NF-kB and AP-1 expression in neutrophil-like cells. These results demonstrated that polyamines could inhibit TLR4 signaling through repressing proinflammatory transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1 expression in neutrophil-like cells.
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21

Rocha, Duarte Nuno de Almeida Santos e. Lopes. « Are polyamines detected by the TAAR receptor family in the human Choroid Plexus ? » Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9774.

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Choroid plexuses (CPs) are highly vascularized structures located at the ventricular system of the brain constituted by a monolayer of choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPEC) located on a basement membrane which form a barrier between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (BCSFB). CPECs through their interconnections restrict the passage of different substances and pathogens between the blood and the CSF. Moreover, the microvilli at the apical side and an extensive infolding at the basolateral side enhance the contact between the CP epithelium and CSF, and between the epithelium and stroma interstitial fluid, respectively, thus allowing one of its main functions which is to maintain cerebral homeostasis. Among other features, there is the chemical vigilance which is performed by different mechanisms as the taste signalling, the clearance of xenobiotics, the clearance of amyloid beta and finally but with more relevance to this work, the olfactory signalling. This olfactory cascade is activated when an odorant binds to an olfactory receptor (OR) which is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that exists in different tissues in mammalian´s body. The trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a family of rhodopsin-like GPCRs which act as olfactory receptors with TAAR1 exception and are expressed in different tissues of different species. In humans there are 6 different types of TAARs and 3 pseudogenes. TAAR 13c, identified in zebrafish, can bind to cadaverine, a polyamine. Polyamines are polycations which appear naturally in cells and are closely related with neuronal cell biochemical activity at different points. Cadaverine is a diamine compound produced by the putrefaction of animal tissue and enable an aversive response to this odour. A previous data base research showed that TAAR1, 2 and 5 are the human receptors with more homology with TAAR13c and one of the more abundant TAARs in humans, which probably can trigger a response to a polyamine stimulus. TAAR1 was selected for this study because we could not amplify TAAR2 and 5 by RT-PCR in HIBCPP cell line. The HIBCPP cell line from choroid plexus carcinoma was used to the experiments and the expression of the mRNAs to the TAAR1 was demonstrated by the RT-PCR technique. In respect to polyamine´s biosynthesis and catabolic pathway enzymes identification, the RT-PCR technique enabled the confirmation of their mRNA expression after Sanger sequencing. The expression of key enzymes to these pathways was also demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot, in human CP cell line. To test the cell´s response to polyamines, calcium imaging (Ca2+ imaging) assays were performed and showed clear responses to cadaverine. After these tests, silencing of TAAR1 with a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was done and preliminary Ca2+ imaging responses to cadaverine enable to see a decrease in CP cells response, highlighting the potential role of TAAR1 in this polyamine response. In the closer future, more silencing assays will be done and Ca2+ imaging with transfected cells will be done too with cadaverine and other polyamines already tested as spermine, spermidine and putrescine. Western blot and immunocytochemistry techniques will enable the TAAR1 protein characterization and localization in the HIBCPP cells.
No sistema nervoso central (SNC) é possível observar a presença de distintas barreiras que assumem um papel fundamental na proteção do cérebro contra as variações nas concentrações de determinadas substâncias ao nível do sangue, assim como contra a entrada de organismos patogénicos, toxinas e outras substâncias. Contudo, este nem sempre é um mecanismo de controlo favorável uma vez que estas podem funcionar como uma barreira à entrada de substâncias para o tratamento de patologias do SNC. De entre as barreiras existentes no cérebro salienta-se a barreira entre o sangue e o cérebro, a barreira aracnóideia e a barreira entre o sangue e o líquido cefalorraquidiano, o plexo coroide. O plexo coroide (CP) é uma estrutura altamente vascularizada localizada em cada um dos quatro ventrículos cerebrais. O CP é constituído por uma monocamada de células epiteliais localizada numa membrana basal e que por sua vez, formam uma barreira entre o sangue e o líquido cefalorraquidiano. Estas células, através das suas interconexões como é o caso das junções aderentes, junções apertadas e desmossomas, impedem a passagem de diferentes substâncias e organismos patogénicos, do sangue para o líquido cefalorraquidiano. Para além destas evidências, há a destacar o facto de as microvilosidades presentes na face apical assim como as invaginações existentes na superfície basal permitirem também uma boa interação entre o epitélio do plexo e o líquido cefalorraquidiano e entre o epitélio e o fluido intersticial, respetivamente, permitindo um conjugar de condições que vão assegurar uma correta manutenção da homeostase cerebral. De entre outras funções desempenhadas por esta estrutura, salienta-se a produção e secreção do líquido cefalorraquidiano e a vigilância química deste, que é assegurada por diferentes mecanismos como a sinalização gustativa, a remoção de xenobióticos, a remoção da proteína ß-amilóide, envolvida em doenças como a doença de Alzheimer, e por fim a sinalização olfativa. Esta cascata de sinalização olfativa é ativada quando uma molécula odorante se liga a um recetor olfativo, um recetor acoplado a uma proteína G. Esta ligação vai despoletar as cascatas de segundo mensageiro da adenosina monofosfato cíclica e do inositol 1,4,5-trifosfato. Há evidências de que a estimulação destes recetores olfativos ocorre pela ativação da proteína G olfativa levando a um aumento da adenosina monofosfato cíclica através da adenilato ciclase 3 de membrana, resultando num aumento do influxo de Ca2+ através de um canal nucleotídico cíclico, resultando na despolarização da membrana e consequentemente na geração de um potencial de ação nos neurónios olfativos. Os trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) são uma família de recetores acoplados a proteína G que, à exceção do TAAR1, atuam como recetores olfativos, sendo expressos em diferentes tecidos em diferentes espécies. Diferentes estudos permitiram comprovar a expressão destes recetores em tecidos do epitélio olfativo e noutros como é o caso do cérebro, medula espinhal, coração, pulmões, fígado, baço, trato gastrointestinal, rins, testículos e células sanguíneas como os leucócitos. Em humanos é possível identificar 6 tipos diferentes de TAARs (1,2,5,6,8 e 9) e 3 pseudogenes (3, 4 e 7). Os genes que codificam para estes recetores encontram-se localizados no cromossoma 6 q23.1. O TAAR13c, expresso no peixe-zebra foi identificado como sendo o responsável por ligar à cadaverina, uma poliamina resultante da decomposição de tecidos mortos, gerada através da descarboxilação da lisina pela enzima lisina-descarboxílase, que ao ser detetada por este peixe, despoleta uma resposta aversiva por parte deste. As poliaminas são policatiões presentes em todas as células, que interagem com moléculas carregadas negativamente como é o caso do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA), ácido ribonucleico (RNA) ou ainda as proteínas. Estas substâncias como é o caso da cadaverina, espermina, espermidina e putrescina participam em diversas funções a nível fisiológico como o crescimento celular, proliferação, diferenciação, transcrição, tradução, regulação de canais iónicos, atividade enzimática, constituição das interações célula-célula e resposta ao stress oxidativo. Estas duas últimas funções conferem às poliaminas um papel fundamental no surgimento de diversas patologias do foro neurológico como é o caso da doença Parkinson, da esclerose lateral amiotrófica e isquemia, em que os valores destas substâncias surgem alterados. Contudo as poliaminas ao controlarem o stress oxidativo vão também ter um papel benéfico no controlo da doença de Alzheimer. Com o objetivo de estabelecer homologia entre o TAAR13c do peixe-zebra e os TAARs humanos foi realizada uma pesquisa com a ferramenta BlastX (NCBI) que revelou a existência de diferentes TAAR com maior homologia com o TAAR13c. Após uma pesquisa na base de dados Gene Expression Omnibus, foram selecionados para o estudo, os TAAR1, 2 e 5 por estes apresentarem maior abundância em humanos. Estes dados levaram-nos a supor que estes recetores teriam capacidade para despoletar uma resposta em células humanas do plexo coroide quando estimuladas por poliaminas como a cadaverina. Assim, o uso de uma linha de células humanas de carcinoma do plexo coroide, através da técnica de RT-PCR seguida de sequenciação pelo método de Sanger, permitiu identificar a expressão do mRNA para o TAAR1, o que não se verificou para os TAAR2 e 5. Um processo idêntico foi utilizado para a análise da expressão dos mRNAs para as enzimas das vias anabólica e catabólica das poliaminas, sendo a sua expressão confirmada por sequenciação. As enzimas chave destas vias, a espermina sintetase e a ornitina descarboxílase, foram também analisadas através das técnicas de Western blot e imunocitoquímica. Após a realização de um ensaio de MTT que permitiu comprovar que os estímulos de cadaverina aplicados não iriam comprometer a viabilidade celular, foram realizados ensaios de calcium imaging que possibilitaram verificar respostas por parte das células após estimulação com diferentes concentrações de cadaverina. Por forma e testar a especificidade da ligação do TAAR1 à cadaverina, foi realizado um ensaio preliminar (n=1) de silenciamento, transfetando as células com um pequeno RNA de interferência (siRNA) para o TAAR1. Os resultados demonstraram uma diminuição das respostas celulares à cadaverina quando em comparação com os controlos feitos apenas com o agente de transfeção ou com este último em conjunto com um scramble siRNA. Estes resultados, embora preliminares, são promissores quanto ao papel do TAAR1 na deteção da cadaverina. Futuramente, serão realizados novos ensaios de silenciamento do TAAR1 e estímulos com outras poliaminas como a espermina, espermidina e putrescina. Serão também efetuados ensaios de Western blot e imunocitoquímica, permitindo avaliar a expressão e localização do TAAR1.
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