Thèses sur le sujet « Pollutant waste »
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Senthilkumar, B. « One dimensional pollutant transport model ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91152.
Texte intégralM. Eng.
Lee, Aik Heng. « Prediction of pollutant leaching from landfill ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2182.
Texte intégralPoole, David J. L. « Identification and control of metal pollutant spikes in municipal solid waste incinerators ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15099/.
Texte intégralAl, Hamrani Emad, et Nils Grönberg. « Sustainable flue-gas quench : For waste incineration plants within a water-energy-environment nexus perspective ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36707.
Texte intégralZanon, Thiago Villas Bôas. « Avaliação da contaminação de um solo laterítico por lixiviado de aterro sanitário através de ensaios de laboratório e de retroanálise de campo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3145/tde-21102014-113317/.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is to evaluate transport of pollutants from a sanitary landfill leachate through a Brazilian lateritic soil by two methods: laboratory tests and analysis of field contamination. In Botucatu Sanitary Landfill, leachate stored in an unlined pond infiltrated into the subsoil for 15 years. Samples of the subjacent soil, a porous clayey sand, were collected in three profiles located inside the area of the leachate pond at the following depths: surface, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 1.00 m, 2.00 m and 4.00 m. The investigated pollutants were arsenic, cadmium, chloride, cooper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total organic carbon (TOC) and zinc. The hydraulic conductivity measured in undisturbed and uncontaminated samples of the local soil, around 10-6 m/s, is significantly influenced by the applied hydraulic gradient and the percolation duration. When leachate substituted water as percolation fluid, the hydraulic conductivity decreased to values between 10-8 and 10-6 m/s depending on the hydraulic gradient. Chemical analysis of contaminated samples showed that concentrations of the researched elements in the subsoil were lower than legal maximum contamination limits established by the environmental agency of São Paulo state, in spite of the fact that the local soil is porous and has high hydraulic conductivity. On the other hand, chloride and Kjeldahl nitrogen, pollutants for which there are no legal limits, were found in concentrations much higher than background values, and in some samples even higher than those measured in the leachate sludge deposited in the bottom of the storage pond.
Smárason, Sigurður Vidir. « Advances in cone penetrometry and fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the sampling and analysis of subsurface pollutants / ». Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & ; Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.
Trouver le texte intégralSubmitted to the Dept. of Chemistry. Adviser: Albert Robbat, Jr. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
Weidemann, Eva. « Waste incineration residues : Persistent organic pollutants in flue gas and fly ash from waste incineration ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92765.
Texte intégralFörbränning av hushållssopor är en vanlig metod för att hantera ett växande avfallsproblem. Metoden har flera fördelar, såsom minskning av volym och vikt, sterilisering och energiåtervinning. Sopförbränning har dock vissa nackdelar och det mest debatterade är sannolikt utsläpp av persistenta organiska föroreningar (POPs) som polyklorerad dibensofuran (PCDF), dibenso-p-dioxin (PCDD), bifenyl (PCB) och naftalen (PCN). Det finns totalt 210 PCDF- och PCDD- kongener, med mellan ett till åtta klor på kolskelettet, varav 17 är giftiga med hormonstörande och cancerframkallande egenskaper. Även tolv av totalt 209 PCB-kongener samt minst två av totalt 75 PCN-kongener uppvisar liknande egenskaper. Dessa klorerade organiska föroreningar bildas då rökgaserna kyls ner i sopförbränningsanläggningarna och avlägsnas från rökgaserna med hjälp av filter och hamnar i flygaskan. Denna avhandling handlar om bildning och nedbrytning av POPs i sopförbränningsrelaterade processer. Den första artikeln är en fallstudie där PCDD bildas i filtren i en fullskalig sopförbränningsanläggning. Bildningen ledde till förhöjda halter organiska föroreningar i rökgaserna, vilket ledde till ökade utsläpp. Den funna bildningsvägen för PCDD i filtren befanns sannolikt bero på kondensation av klorfenoler på filterytorna. Den andra artikeln är en valideringsstudie av en kylprob avsedd att användas vid rökgasprovtagning vid hög temperatur (> 450 °C) för att undvika bildning av POPs under provtagningen. Studien bekräftade att majoriteten av PCDF- och PCDD- bildning i rökgaser från sopförbränning sker vid temperaturer under 600 °C. I den tredje artikeln berättas om behandling av tre olika flygaskor från olika sopförbränningsanläggningar. Askorna behandlades vid 400 °C i inert atmosfär i både en roterugn och i förseglade ampuller. De resulterande koncentrationerna, kloreringsgraderna och kongenprofilerna av de organiska föroreningarna jämfördes. Likheter hittades mellan PCDF och PCN, medan PCDD och PCB betedde sig på ett annat sätt. Studien fann också att PCDF kongenprofiler i aska som behandlats i roterugnen liknade varandra, oberoende av askornas sammansättning, vilket tyder på en liknande bildningsväg. För den fjärde artikeln, genomfördes ytkarakterisering (SEM, EDX, XPS och XRD) på de tre flygaskorna från artikel tre som sedan hettades upp från 30 °C till 900 °C i vacuum. Det som frigjordes på grund av uppvärmningen samt nedbrytningsprodukter från askorna studerades med hjälp av masspektrometri och infraröd spektroskopi. Studien fann att de gaser som frigjordes när temperaturen ökade skilde mellan askorna, beroende på deras sammansättning. Studien fann också att när aska dopad med isotopmärkt PCDF och PCDD utsattes för samma behandling, frigjordes PCDD vid lägre temperatur än PCDF. Denna avhandling berör flera aspekter av problematiken kring klorerade organiska föroreningar som bildas vid sopförbränning, från provtagning till hur man ska hantera flygaskan. Avhandlingen belyser även olika typer av bildning och nedbrytning av POPs i varma processer kopplade till sopförbränning.
Booijink, Aileen. « Understanding the impact of pollutants : the effect of air, water and waste pollutants on international firm performance ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316498.
Texte intégralFonseka, K. C. M. (Kosmafonsekage Chintha Mirani) 1960. « Characterization of dissolved organic matter in industrial wastewaters ». Monash University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8932.
Texte intégralRIBEIRO, MARCIA A. « Estudos sobre a remocao de metais toxicos em efluentes industriais apos a irradiacao com feixe de eletrons ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11002.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:00/00610-3
Johansson, Mats. « Urban organic waste in agriculture : risk or resource ? / ». Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5716-5.pdf.
Texte intégralSidhu, Jeswant K., University of Western Sydney et of Informatics Science and Technology Faculty. « Kinetics and mechanisms of methoxide substitution and electroreduction of hexachlorobenzene ». THESIS_FIST_XXX_Sidhu_J.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/256.
Texte intégralDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Walker, Gordon Martindale. « Fundamental in-situ FTIR studies of immobilised TiOâ†2 films for photoelectrochemical detoxification and disinfection of water ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244468.
Texte intégralGangula, Srilatha. « Degradation of Chlorophenols in Swine Waste ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/151.
Texte intégralLeung, Oi Wah Anna. « Assessment of persistent toxic substances in China and Hong Kong with emphasis on uncontrolled recycling of e-waste ». online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3251835.
Texte intégralSarin, Charoon. « A lux-based bioassay of heavy metal contamination of organic wastes ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123515.
Texte intégral杜國良 et Kwok-leung Dao. « Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquidchromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrialwastes ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233545.
Texte intégralDao, Kwok-leung. « Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrial wastes / ». [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13793871.
Texte intégralChang, Eric Kenneth. « Coupled sorption and transport of nonionic surfactants in natural soils ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21257.
Texte intégralNASCIMENTO, FERNANDO C. « Tratamento de efluentes da produção de tintas industriais, automotivas e de repintura por irradiação com feixe de elétrons ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10571.
Texte intégralMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Müller, Nils. « Characterization of dangerous pollutants in bio and waste ashes : Analysing content and leaching behaviour of several ashes for persistent organic pollutants and toxic heavy metals ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138124.
Texte intégralSprenkle, Ashley Marie. « Organic pollutants in the Arctic investigations of photochemical reactivity in liquid water and ice / ». Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1310414831&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégralPhan, Duong Ngoc Chau. « The relationship between fly ash chemistry and the thermal formation of polychlorinated pollutants during waste incineration ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-80186.
Texte intégralAnyikude, Kelechi Uzoma. « Analysis of pollutants in biochars and hydrochars produced by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization of waste biomass ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13523/.
Texte intégralWang, Chen. « Hazardous air pollutants from the waste incineration industry : formation mechanisms, distribution characteristics, and potential environmental risks ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/807.
Texte intégralMui, Lik Ki. « Production of activated carbons from waste tyres and bamboo scaffolding for the removal of pollutants from effluents / ». View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202009%20MUI.
Texte intégralHodzic, Elvisa. « Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) - Monitoring of organic pollutants in wastewater ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160105.
Texte intégralGandy, Catherine Jane. « Modelling pyrite oxidation and pollutant transport in mine wastes using an object-oriented particle tracking code ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397362.
Texte intégralWällstedt, Elin. « Development and preliminary evaluation of novel materials for selective detection of oseltamivir in waste water ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90571.
Texte intégralCédat, Bruno. « Evaluation du procédé UV/H2O2 pour la désinfection et l’élimination des micropolluants en vue d’une réutilisation des eaux usées traitées en petites stations d’épuration ». Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI117/document.
Texte intégralWater scarcity is a growing concern worldwide. In this context, treated wastewater is seen as a sustainable water resource which could be used for different purposes such as irrigation, groundwater recharge or industrial activities. Reclaimed water is an environmentally and economically solution, still poorly developed in France. However, an increasing demand is expected in the coming years. Therefore, treatment enhancement in wastewater treatment plant could be necessary in order to meet chemical and biological water quality requirements which will depend on the final use of the treated water. The treatment of emerging micropollutants is one of the new challenge WTP will have to cope with. Enhanced treatment processes (ozonation, activated carbon, membrane filtration) have already been set up in large WTP but small and medium WTP, representing around 90% of the French WTP, are still lacking of affordable treatment solutions. However, UV based advanced oxidation process (AOP) could be a promising technology in order to produce a water of high quality. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that UV/H2O2 process is technically and economically efficient for the disinfection and the removal of micropollutants in small and medium WTP. First of all, a UV/H2O2 pilot at a laboratory scale was assessed on bacterial models as well as estrogenic micropollutants (E1, E2 and EE2) in treated wastewater. Treatment efficiency was compared to UV photolysis. It was shown that UV/H2O2 treatment increased the disinfection process by destroying the cellular membrane integrity whereas the UV photolysis could only inactive the bacteria. Moreover, when combining UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) and H2O2 (30-50 mg/L), above 80% of the estrogenic compounds and the associated estrogenic activity could be removed. No high estrogenic or toxic by-products were detected by the two bioassays used in this study (YES and vibrio fisheri). The UV/H2O2 process could also degrade pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen (>70 % at 1000 mJ/cm²). In a second part, a full scale pilot was designed based on the previous results and set up in a WTP in Vercia (Jura). The treatment (UV fluence ≈ 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) allowed to obtain a water of a very high bacteriological and chemical quality. The global cost of the process was estimated at around 0.28 €/m³. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 process in a small WTP and its high potential for reclaimed water production
Crujeira, Ana Teresa Tavares de Lima e. « Identification of atmospheric pollutants control mechanisms during co-combustion of coal and non-toxic wastes ». Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11297.
Texte intégralShukla, Pradeep. « Combined adsorption and oxidation technique for waste water treatment : potential application in permeable reactive barrier ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/212.
Texte intégralBaccar, Ep Yangui Rim. « Removal of water pollutants by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from olive-waste cakes and by biological treatment using ligninolytic fungi ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131275.
Texte intégralDifferent processes are used for the treatment of wastewaters. However, they are either frequently ineffective, or they generate secondary products or worse, they are too expensive. The main objective of this dissertation is the removal of various contaminants in water including metals, dyes and pharmaceuticals products via two environmentally- friendly technologies. The first consists in a physico-chemical treatment- by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from olive-waste cakes. The second is about a biological treatment using white-rot fungi. First, the adsorbent preparation, its characterization and the study of the environmental impact associated with its production are considered. Chemical activation of the feedstock olive-waste cakes, using phosphoric acid as dehydrating agent, is adopted for activated carbon preparation and main process parameters (such as acid concentration, impregnation ratio, temperature of pyrolysis step) are varied to optimize the best conditions. The activated carbon prepared under the optimal conditions is then fully characterized considering its adsorption properties as well as its chemical structure and morphology. The results show that the most efficient adsorbent is that obtained under the following optimal conditions: an acid concentration equal to 60% H3PO4, an impregnation ratio of 1.75, and a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. The adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent prepared under such conditions presents good characteristics compared with the previous reports for activated carbon in the literature. To minimize the environmental impact, certain modifications could be incorporated in the process of adsorbent preparation such as recovery of the gas derived from the pyrolysis step, its reuse as an energy source, and the recovery of phosphoric acid after activated carbon washing. After establishing the optimal conditions, the efficiency of the optimal activated carbon for the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants is then evaluated. For heavy metals, considering the adsorption of Cu2+ ions as a model, column adsorption tests show the high capacity of the activated carbon to reduce KMnO4 into insoluble manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2) which impregnated the sorbent surface. The results also indicate that the adsorption of Cu2+ can be significantly improved by the presence of MnO2 fixed on activated carbon. Concerning the organic pollutants, the study shows the effectiveness of the activated carbon to remove dyes from individual and real effluents and pharmaceutical products from single and mixture solutions. Many models are used to understand the adsorption behavior and in the most cases Langmuir and pseudo-second order models present the best fit for the isotherm and kinetics, respectively. Temperature is found to affect the adsorption of dyes, however, the pH variation has no influence. The opposite case is found for drugs adsorption. Regarding the biological process adapted, the potential of three white-rot fungi (WRF) (Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Irpex lacteus) to decolorize the commercial tannery dye − Black Dycem – is investigated in solid and liquid media. The results indicate that Trametes versicolor is the best strain both in terms of extent and rapidity of decolorization. The experiment, performed in single and repeated batches in an air-pulsed bioreactor with biomass reuse of the fungus Trametes versicolor, shows that the decolorization capability of the fungus does not decrease during the repeated batches and the fungus is able to remove 86−89% of the dye despite the low enzyme activity detected. The results also show that the biodegradation mechanism plays a noticeable role in the decolorization process of the dye by means of laccase activity in addition to the adsorption phenomenon occurring on the fungal surface. Finally a combination of fungal treatment and adsorption on low cost adsorbents could be a suitable strategy to remove pollutants from complex effluents.
Svensson, Britt-Marie. « Methodology for evaluation of hazards from solid waste and landfill-generated leachate ». Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-146.
Texte intégralAvfall har alltid uppkommit i alla samhällen i alla tider. Det vanligaste sättet att hand om det har varit att samla avfallet i soptippar (deponier) på mark som ansetts obrukbar, t.ex. i sankmarker utanför bebyggelsen. I takt med ökad konsumtion och produktion har också mängderna avfall ökat. Anledningen till att avfall och avfallshantering kommit alltmer i fokus i miljödebatter under de senaste decennierna, är inte bara de stora mängderna avfall på de många och stora sopbergen runt om i världen. Deponierna släpper också ifrån sig miljöfarliga ämnen från de alltmer komplexa produkter som blivit lagda i deponin. Dessa kommer att fortsätta att läcka ut länge efter det att deponeringen på soptippen slutat, och skapa problem för människor och miljö i flera generationer. Som en konsekvens av internationella beslut bl.a. Agenda 21 (FNs miljökonferens i Rio) och EUs lagstiftning om avfallshantering som Sverige har tagit in i sin lagstiftning, kommer bl.a. antalet soptippar att minska. Efter den 31 december 2008 beräknas endast ett 90-tal deponier för kommunalt avfall att vara i drift i Sverige. Lagstiftningen beskriver en avfalls hierarki där deponering är den sämsta och absolut sista åtgärden som får göras bara när inget av de andra alternativen kan uppfyllas. Det ställs stora krav på de soptippar som är godkända enligt den nuvarande lagstiftningen. Olika typer av deponier ska finnas för olika slag av avfall. En deponi för farligt avfall har bättre skydd mot läckage både under och över tippen än en tipp för icke-farligt avfall. För att ha kontroll på vilket avfall som läggs på deponin och därmed kunna behandla det på korrekt sätt, måste avfallet beskrivas och klassas innan det skickas för deponering. Karakteriseringen görs bl.a. med hjälp av lakningstester. Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att utarbeta en metodik för at utvärdera miljöfarliga ämnen som kommer från avfall och lakvatten från soptippar. Den inledande forskningen utgjordes av ett projekt kallat Laqua, finansierat av EU-kommissionens program för samarbete inom Östersjöregionen, SweBaltcop. Projektets uppgift var att främja utveckling av ekologiskt och ekonomiskt hållbara reningsmetoder för lakvatten. Lakvattnet bildas främst av nederbörd som faller över deponin. Det vatten som kommer in i soptippen tar med sig många av de ämnen som finns i tippen när det rinner ut. Dessa ämnen kan komma från sådant som har deponerats eller bildas när avfallet bryts ner. Lakvattnet samlas upp och renas på något sätt innan det släpps ut till ett naturligt vattendrag. En vanlig metod att behandla lakvatten är att pumpa det till det kommunala avloppsreningsverket och rena det tillsammans med avloppsvatten. Men detta är ingen optimal lösning eftersom lakvatten innehåller andra föroreningar än avloppsvatten, t ex salter, tungmetaller och svårnedbrytbara organiska föreningar. Avloppsreningsverken är konstruerade för att rena avloppsvatten och lakvattnets föroreningar kan störa reningsprocessen. Framför allt kan de känsliga mikroorganismerna i det biologiska reningssteget påverkas negativt. Slammet som bildas vid reningsprocessen kommer att koncentrera många av de oönskade föroreningarna som härstammar från deponin. Slammet är egentligen ett utmärkt gödselmedel för jordbruket, men på grund av att slammet är förorenat av tungmetaller och svårnedbrytbara organiska ämnen kan inte slammet användas. Slammet blir då ett avfall som kommunen inte kan bli av med utan stora kostnader. Många kommuner har därför valt en separat rening av lakvattnet. Val av reningsteknik är beroende av flera faktorer, som volymerna lakvatten som uppkommer, innehållet av de olika miljöfarliga ämnena, vart det renande vattnet ska släppas ut och utrymme för att bygga en reningsanläggning. För att utvärdera olika tekniker för rening av lakvatten, byggdes en försöksanläggning på soptippen i Kristianstad. För att kunna utvärdera en reningsmetod måste bestämningar av koncentrationer av olika ämnen (analyser) göras. På grund av den ökande oron för organiska miljögifter som PCB och fenoler, skulle reningsteknikerna utvärderas med fokus sådana eller liknande ämnen. Analyser av organiska ämnen är komplicerade och tidskrävande, och det är inte möjligt att analysera alla ämnen. I många undersökningar används endast generella parametrar för att uppskatta innehållet av organiska ämnen, men dessa metoder ger ofta inte tillräcklig information om det egentliga innehållet i lakvattnet. Därför utarbetades ett utvärderings protokoll, LAQUA protokollet (artikel I) för bestämning av organiska miljögifter i olika förorenade vatten. Detta protokoll innehåller förutom analyser för organiska miljögifter som PCB och fenoler och en akut toxicitetstest, även standardiserade rutinanalyser av metaller och vattenkemiska parametrar. Eftersom separat analys av alla organiska ämnen inte nödvändig för att bedöma olika reningsmetoder för lakvatten, innehåller protokollet ett antal markörer för polära, respektive opolära organiska föreningar. Den biologiska giftighetstesten som utvecklades (artikel III) och ingår i protokollet är ett s.k. akut toxicitetstest, dvs. organismen påverkas direkt av höga halter av föroreningar. I testen används det lilla saltvattentåliga kräftdjuret Artemia salina, som säljs som föda åt akvariefiskar. En bestämd volym med ett antal Artemia larver läggs i små brunnar med olika koncentrationer av lakvatten under 24 timmar. Sedan jämförs vid vilken inblandning av lakvatten som hälften av kräftdjuren har fått rörelsestörningar. Resultaten på tester med obehandlat lakvatten, respektive behandlat med olika reningstekniker jämförs, och på det viset kan effektiviteten på reningsmetoder bedömas gentemot en vattenlevande organism. Utvärderingen av försöksanläggningen (artikel II) visade att vid förbehandlingen, bestående av luftning och sedimentering, togs mycket av föroreningarna bort, och det rekommenderas att ett sådan reningssteg alltid bör finnas vid en reningsanläggning för lakvatten. De kemiska behandlingsmetoderna med ozon och Fentons reagens (tvåvärt järn och väteperoxid) var effektiva på att ta bort de organiska miljögifterna, men även de mer kostnadseffektiva filterbäddarna visade sig fungera bra. Den goda erfarenheten från försöksanläggningen av filterbäddar ledde till att effektiviteten hos fler filter material undersöktes. I artikel VI beskrivs ett försök, gjord i laboratorium, där lakvatten från en soptipp som tar hand om industri avfall (metallavfall från bl.a. bilar och kylskåp) fick rinna genom kolonner med olika filtermaterial. Mixen av torv och aska med kolinnehåll visade sig vara bra på att ta bort både metaller och organiska ämnen från lakvattnet. Kunskapen från bl.a. dessa undersökningar har bidragit till att en fullskaleanläggning för lokal rening av lakvatten har kunnat byggas i anslutning till Stena metalls soptipp i Halmstad. Den andra delen i avhandlingsarbetet riktade in sig mot lakningstester. För att undersöka vilka ämnen som kan lakas ut från ett avfall rekommenderas två olika standardiserade lakningstests metoder. Vid den ena metoden pumpas en vätska genom en kolonn med en uppvägd mängd avfall tills ett visst vätske/fast fas förhållande (L/S halt) har uppnåtts. Vid den andra snabbare metoden, skakas en bestämd mängd avfall tillsammans med en bestämd volym vätska under 24 timmar. Den vätska som man får efter testerna kan jämföras med ett lakvatten och ska simulera den urlakning som avfallet ger ifrån sig under sin tid på deponin. Denna urlakningsvätska analyseras och de uppmätta halterna av olika ämnen jämförs med en gränsvärdes tabell och avfallet kan hänföras till en avfalls klass. De två lakningstesterna användes för att karakterisera olika avfallsslag, sönderdelat metall skrot (artikel IV) och slam från gatubrunnar (artikel V). För att få mer kunskap om metoderna och kunna vidareutveckla dem, utökades undersökningarna och analyserna. De urlakade vätskorna analyserades därför enligt Laqua protokollet, dvs med markörer för organiska miljögifter. Dessutom gjordes undersökningar där lakvatten användes som lakningsvätska istället för avjonat vatten som testmetoderna föreskriver. Dessa visade att den mer jonstarka vätskan (lakvattnet) ökade urlakningen av metaller från avfallet. En jämförelse av de två metoderna visade att den snabbare skaktesten oftast gav likvärdiga eller högre halter av de analyserade ämnena i urlakningsvätskan, och därmed kan den i många fall användas i första hand. För att bedöma ett filtermaterial ur ett livstidsperspektiv, utvecklades en strategi baserad på skaktester (artikel VII). Ett filtermaterial, en mix av torv och aska med kolinnehåll, undersökes före och efter att det använts i en filterbädd för rening av lakvatten. För att vara säker på att filtermaterialet i sig själv inte släppte ifrån sig några föroreningar gjordes en lakningstest. För att se hur effektivt materialet var på att ta bort metaller, PCB och fenolföreningar, gjordes skaktester med vätskor med kända halter av dessa föroreningar. När filtermaterialet är förbrukat och skall bytas ut anses det som ett avfall, och det karakteriserades med lakningstest för att hur det skulle tas om hand. Metodiken med skaktester ger bra information om utlakning från ett material, och skaktester är också bra instrument för att utvärdera ett filtermaterials effektivitet på att ta hand om metaller och opolära organiska ämnen som PCB. Men för att utvärdera effektiviteten av borttagandet av polära organiska ämnen (t ex. fenoler), är inte en korttids skak test något bra instrument. Reduceringen av dessa ämnen sker genom nedbrytning med hjälp av mikroorganismer, och för att undersöka detta behövs tester som varar en så lång tid att en mikrobiologisk miljö hinner etablera sig, t ex. kolonn tester. Utvärderingen av detta avhandlingsarbete visar på några ytterligare slutsatser och förslag till fortsatt arbete. Toxicitetstesten med Artemia bör kompletteras med tester på t ex. bakterier och växter, eftersom det inte räcker med en test på bara en organism för att bedöma giftigheten av en förorening ett naturligt ekosystem. Vidare behövs en biologisk test för att påvisa kroniska effekter, så som skador på fortplantning eller tumörsjukdomar. Dessa skador kan uppkomma genom att organismer påverkas under en lång tid av de låga, men därmed inte ofarliga halter av organiska miljögifter som ofta förekommer i lakvatten. Den presenterade metodiken kan användas för att utvärdera miljöfarliga ämnen från olika förorenade områden. Avhandlingen har visat att LAQUA protokollets sammansättning och dess analyser är ett bra instrument för att utvärdera reningstekniker för lakvatten och för att ge ytterligare information om organiska ämnen i fast avfall. Bedömning av luft kvalitet och karakterisering av dagvatten är andra exempel där metodiken kan användas. Avslutningsvis är det förstås lättare att utvärdera farligheten från avfall när det är mindre volymer avfall att utvärdera. Detta kan uppnås genom att konsumera mindre, återanvända produkter, återvinna material, utvinna energi ur avfallet och välja miljövänliga produkter när man köper nytt.
Eid, Nayene Leocádia Manzutti. « Novo recipiente para processamento radiográfico manual = uma alternativa para a economia de soluções e preservação do meio ambiente ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308681.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Embora o avanço tecnológico tenha viabilizado o uso dos sistemas digitais para a aquisição de imagens radiográficas, ainda hoje, no Brasil, os filmes radiográficos convencionais continuam sendo os tipos de receptores mais utilizados nos consultórios odontológicos. Deste modo, após a exposição aos raios X, os filmes radiográficos devem ser processados em soluções químicas a fim de que a imagem latente seja convertida em imagem real, passível de análise para diagnóstico. Sabe-se que, tanto o revelador quanto o fixador radiográfico contém em sua composição substâncias químicas altamente tóxicas, podendo apresentar risco à saúde de profissionais, que podem desenvolver lesões cutâneas e dermatites em decorrência do manuseio e manipulação destas soluções de processamento, além de apresentarem risco à saúde pública, caso ocorra a ingestão de produtos oriundos do meio ambiente previamente contaminado e ainda, sérios prejuízos ao meio ambiente, contaminação da fauna e flora, em virtude do descarte indevido destas soluções após seu uso. Tendo isto em vista, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1) Avaliar a eficácia de um novo modelo de recipiente para processamento radiográfico manual em câmara-escura portátil, para uso em consultórios odontológicos; 2) Avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente as imagens radiográficas obtidas por meio do processamento radiográfico nos diferentes recipientes; 3) Comparar os resultados obtidos em ambas as análises; sob a hipótese de que, devido às suas configurações geométricas, este novo modelo de recipiente propiciaria a economia de soluções químicas para que a execução do processamento radiográfico manual, reduziria os custos aos profissionais da área odontológica e, além disto, promoveria a redução do impacto ambiental devido à minimização da quantidade de químicos usados nestes recipientes. Para atender aos objetivos e conhecer sobre a aplicabilidade deste trabalho, realizou-se um outro estudo no qual se fez uma investigação sobre o descarte dos Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde produzidos em consultórios odontológicos localizados no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. O estudo abordou aspectos relacionados ao conhecimento e atitudes dos cirurgiões dentistas frente aos resíduos gerados em seu ambiente de trabalho, e sua percepção sobre os resíduos gerados nos demais consultórios odontológicos. Um questionário foi aplicado a 239 cirurgiões-dentistas. Destes, 78,2% trabalhavam em clínica particular e 68,6% já haviam cursado alguma pós-graduação. Do total dos entrevistados, 87,9% afirmaram realizar exames radiográficos em seu consultório e estes foram unânimes em afirmar que o processamento das imagens era realizado manualmente em câmara-escura portátil e a maioria dos entrevistados (88,1%) afirmou que, em média, a cada 5 dias, descartava no esgoto as soluções químicas de processamento utilizadas. Ademais, 30,1% dos participantes acreditavam que os resíduos de amálgama eram descartados, por outros profissionais, em lixo comum e outros 8,8% supunham que o descarte era feito na pia dos consultórios; 61,9% acreditavam que o lixo contaminado (infectante) era disposto juntamente com o lixo comum e, em relação os resíduos perfurocortantes, 14,2% acreditavam que eram descartados em recipientes plásticos e 9,2% em lixo comum. Por meio deste trabalho, concluiu-se, que, em geral, os cirurgiões-dentistas entrevistados desconheciam sobre o correto descarte dos resíduos de serviço de saúde, uma vez que foi observada negligência desta prática por muitos deles, além da percepção de que outros profissionais também realizavam o descarte incorreto dos resíduos gerados em seu ambiente de trabalho. De posse destas informações, testou-se um novo modelo de recipiente para processamento radiográfico manual. Foram obtidas imagens radiográficas dos dentes posteriores de um phantom de mandíbula humana macerada e em seguida, estas imagens foram processadas em quatro câmaras-escuras portáteis. Em uma delas foram colocados dois recipientes convencionais (R1) abastecidos com 200ml das soluções de processamento e, em cada uma das demais câmaras-escuras, para este mesmo propósito, foi disposto um par de cada um dos três tipos de recipientes desenvolvidos pelos autores, R2, R3 e R4, abastecidos com 12, 19,2 e 24ml das soluções reveladora e fixadora respectivamente. Foram processadas 184 películas em R1, 40 em R2, 48 em R3 e 56 em R4. As películas radiográficas foram digitalizadas e posteriormente submetidas à análise objetiva no programa MaZda; em seguida, foram dispostas de maneira ordenadas, obedecendo a sequência do processamento, em papel cartão preto, para que pudessem ser submetidas à análise subjetiva. Os resultados da análise subjetiva mostraram que houve concordância dentre os cinco examinadores em relação às imagens consideradas aceitáveis para diagnóstico para os quatro recipientes estudados, e os resultados da análise objetiva mostraram que as imagens foram consideradas satisfatórias para diagnóstico até o 15º dia de pesquisa para R1, até o 4º dia para R2 e R3, e 5º dia para R4. A análise subjetiva mostrou-se menos sensível que a objetiva na avaliação da qualidade das imagens radiográficas processadas nos recipientes convencionais (R1), porém, mostrou grande correlação com a objetiva na avaliação da qualidade das imagens processadas nos demais recipientes (R2, R3 e R4). Deste modo, concluiu-se que o novo modelo de recipiente viabilizou o processamento de películas radiográficas em câmara-escura portátil, utilizando menor quantidade de soluções químicas para o processamento radiográfico manual, sendo que estas se apresentaram com qualidade satisfatória para diagnóstico.
Abstract: Even though the technological advances have allowed the utilization of digital systems for acquisition of radiographic images, conventional radiographic films are still the most used in dental offices in Brazil. Thus, after X-ray exposure, the radiographic films must be processed in chemical solutions to change the latent stored images into visible images for diagnostic purposes. Both the developer and fixer contain highly toxic chemical substances that may endanger the health of professionals, who may present skin lesions and dermatitis due to handling of these solutions. These chemicals may also constitute a public health problem if contaminated products of the environment are ingested, besides posing serious risks to the environment by contamination of the fauna and flora if these chemical solutions are improperly discarded after utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) evaluate the efficacy of a new container for manual radiographic processing in portable darkrooms for utilization in dental offices; 2) qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the radiographic images obtained by radiographic processing in the different containers; 3) compare the results obtained in both analyses, considering that the design of the new container would allow dental professionals to save the chemical solutions used for manual radiographic processing, reducing the costs and also the environmental impact, considering the minimization of the quantity of chemical solutions used in these containers. To meet these objectives and know the applicability of this study, a previous study was conducted in which we investigated the discard of Health Service Wastes produced in dental offices of the state of Tocantins, Brazil. The study discussed the aspects related to the knowledge, perception and attitudes of dentists towards the waste generated in their work environment. We interviewed 239 dentists using a structured questionnaire, of whom 78.2% worked at private offices and 68.6% had post-graduate degree. From the total of respondents, 87.9% stated that they did perform intraoral radiographic exams in their offices, and these professionals unanimously used portable dark rooms from commercial brands for radiographic processing. Most dentists (88.1%) that perform radiographic exams in their offices declared that the mean period for changing the radiographic processing chemicals was 5 days. Conversely, 30.1% of participants believed that amalgam wastes were discarded in common garbage, and 8.8% believed that amalgam wastes were discarded in the offices' sink; 61.9% of them believed that the infectious waste were discarded together with the common garbage. Regarding the sharp objects, 14.2% believed that these were discard in plastic recipients, and 9.2% believed that the majority of dentists discarded sharp objects in the common garbage. The data obtained in this study revealed that, in general, the dentists interviewed were unaware of the correct procedures for the discard of health service waste, since there was both negligence in these practices by many of them and the perception that other professionals also performed incorrect discard of waste generated in their work environment. After achievement of these data, a new model of container for manual radiographic processing was tested. Radiographic images were obtained from the posterior teeth of a phantom dry human mandible and processed in four portable darkrooms. One darkroom had two conventional containers (R1) filled with 200ml of processing solutions. For the same purpose, each of the other darkrooms had one pair of the three types of containers designed by the authors, namely R2, R3 and R4, filled with 12, 19.2 and 24ml of developing and fixer solutions. A total of 184 films were processed in R1, 40 in R2, 48 in R3 and 56 in R4. The films were digitized and objectively analyzed using the software MaZda; following, they were arranged according to the sequence of processing in black cardboards for subjective analysis. The results of the subjective analysis revealed good agreement between the five examiners concerning the images considered acceptable for diagnosis for all four containers investigated. The results of the objective analysis demonstrated that the images were considered satisfactory for diagnosis until the 15th day of investigation for R1, fourth day for R2 and R3, and fifth day for R4. The subjective analysis was less sensitive than the objective analysis to evaluate the quality of radiographic images processed in the conventional containers (R1), yet presented high correlation with the objective analysis for evaluation of the quality of images processed in the other containers (R2, R3 and R4). Thus, it was concluded that the new model of container allowed processing of radiographic films in portable darkrooms using a smaller quantity of chemical solutions for manual radiographic processing and presenting satisfactory quality for diagnosis.
Doutorado
Neurocirugia
Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica
Yu, Xiezhi. « Assessment and bioremediation of solis contaminated by uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste at Guiyu, SE China ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/876.
Texte intégralLAS, CASAS ALEXANDRE. « Tratamento de efluentes industriais utilizando a radiacao ionizante de acelerador industrial de eletrons e por adsorcao com carvao ativado. Estudo comparativo ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11225.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Annarapu, Shashidhar. « Thermal Analysis of Binding of Organic Pollutants to Titanium Dioxide ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1338.
Texte intégralJohnson, Theresa Ann. « Hazardous Waste Site Proximity and Type 2 Diabetes : From Youths to Adults ». ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6224.
Texte intégralQuinn, Laura Penelope. « Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil associated with an active incinerator in Potchefstroom, South Africa / L.P. Quinn ». Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1013.
Texte intégralThesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
Chan, Kit Yan. « Dietary exposure, human body loadings, and health risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants at two major electronic waste recycling sites in China ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/943.
Texte intégralComero, S. « SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS USING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169980.
Texte intégralCowie, Stephen James. « Emission of Non-methane Organic Compounds (NMOCs) and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) from Decomposing Refuse and Individual Waste Components and Under Different Conditions ». NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05032004-150500/.
Texte intégralRuegg, Josephine. « Field assessment of the environment impact of potential pollutants on land irrigated with leachate generated from municipal solid wastes ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358163.
Texte intégralOmole, Marcells Apiyo. « Fabrication of nanostructured materials for environmental remediation and sensing ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralSacco, Olga. « Photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation : from N-doped tio2 photocatalysts to the design of a continuous fixed bed reactor ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1939.
Texte intégralAs a consequence of the rapid growth of population in urban areas, water use and reuse has become a major concern, leading to an urgent imperative of developing effective and affordable technologies for the treatment of water and wastewater. Traditional methods for water treatment are usually based on physical and biological processes but, unfortunately, some organic pollutants, classified as bio-recalcitrant, are not biodegradable. In this way heterogeneous photocatalysis may become an effective water treatment technology to remove organic pollutants hardly oxidised by conventional techniques. Photocatalysis represents one of the main challenges in the field of treatment and decontamination of water and air, because it is able to work at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a catalytic process that uses the energy associated to a light source to activate a catalyst with semiconducting properties. The most common used photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is able to oxidize a wide range of toxic organic compounds to harmless compounds such as CO2 and H2O. However, the following major factors limit both photocatalytic efficiency and activity of TiO2: a) the band gap of anatase TiO2 is 3.2 eV, i.e. it absorbs light in the UV region, so that only a small portion (5%) of sunlight can be used for a photocatalytic process. This is a great limitation in its use as photocatalyst for the conversion of solar into chemical energy; b) as in all semiconductors, photogenerated electron-hole couples undergo fast recombination in competition with charge transfer to adsorbed species on the catalyst surface; c) the use of slurry reactors limits the industrial applications of photocatalysis, since the necessary separation of catalyst powders after liquid phase reactions is troublesome and expensive. In this context, during this PhD project different routes have been explored to go beyond these limitations: 1. With respect to the use of visible light irradiation, doping with anions belonging to the p-block was investigated in recent years to sensitize TiO2 towards visible light, either by introducing newly created mid-gap energy states, or by narrowing the band gap itself. However, the role of titania dopants such as N, C, B, S, P, I and F is still not completely understood. The insertion of dopants in the crystalline structure of TiO2 may induce light absorption in the visible region, but also increases the rate of the undesired recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. This effect becomes relatively lower if the crystallinity of the oxide structure is higher... [edited by Author]
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Mekuto, Lukhanyo. « Biodegradation of cyanide and subsequent nitrification-aerobic denitrification in cyanide containing watewater ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/868.
Texte intégralEnvironmental legislation focusing on wastewater disposal in industries that utilise cyanide and/or cyanide-related compounds has become increasingly stringent worldwide, with many companies that utilise cyanide products required to abide by the Cyanide International Code associated with the approval of process certifications and management of industries which utilise cyanide. This code enforces the treatment or recycling of cyanide-contaminated wastewater. Industries such as those involved in mineral processing, photo finishing, metal plating, coal processing, synthetic fibre production, and extraction of precious metals, that is, gold and silver, contribute significantly to cyanide contamination in the environment through wastewater. As fresh water reserves throughout the world are low, cyanide contamination in water reserves threatens not only the economy, but also endangers the lives of living organisms that feed from these sources, including humans. In the mining industry, dilute cyanide solutions are utilised for the recovery of base (e.g. Cu, Zn, Ni, etc.) and precious metals (e.g. Au, Ag, etc.). However, for technical reasons, the water utilised for these processes cannot be recycled upstream of the mineral bioleaching circuit as the microorganisms employed in mineral bioleaching are sensitive to cyanide and its complexes, and thus the presence of such compounds would inhibit microbial activity, resulting in poor mineral oxidation. The inability to recycle the water has negative implications for water conservation and re-use, especially in arid regions. A number of treatment methods have been developed to remediate cyanide containing wastewaters. However, these chemical and physical methods are capital intensive and produce excess sludge which requires additional treatment. Furthermore, the by-products that are produced through these methods are hazardous. Therefore, there is a need for the development of alternative methods that are robust and economically viable for the bioremediation of cyanide-contaminated wastewater. Biological treatment of free cyanide in industrial wastewaters has been proved a viable and robust method for treatment of wastewaters containing cyanide. Several bacterial species, including Bacillus sp., can degrade cyanide to less toxic products, as these microorganisms are able to use the cyanide as a nitrogen source, producing ammonia and carbon dioxide. These bacterial species secrete enzymes that catalyse the degradation of cyanide into several end-products. The end-products of biodegradation can then be utilised by the microorganisms as nutrient sources. This study focused on the isolation and identification of bacterial species in wastewater containing elevated concentrations of cyanide, and the assessment of the cyanide biodegradation ability of the isolates. Thirteen bacterial isolates were isolated from electroplating wastewater by suppressing the growth of fungal organisms and these species were identified as species belonging to the Bacillus genus using the 16S rDNA gene. A mixed culture of the isolates was cultured in nutrient broth for 48 hours at 37°C, to which FCN as KCN was added to evaluate the species‟ ability to tolerate and biodegrade cyanide in batch bioreactors. Subsequently, cultures were supplemented solely with agro-waste extracts, that is, Ananas comosus extract (1% v/v), Beta vulgaris extract (1% v/v), Ipomea batatas extract (1% v/v), spent brewer‟s yeast (1% v/v) and whey (0.5% w/v), as the primary carbon sources. Owing to the formation of high ammonium concentration from the cyanide biodegradation process, the nitrification and aerobic denitrification ability of the isolates, classified as cyanide-degrading bacteria (CDB) was evaluated in a batch and pneumatic bioreactor in comparison with ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB). Furthermore, the effects of F-CN on the nitrification and aerobic denitrification was evaluated assess the impact of F-CN presence on nitrification. Additionally, optimisation of culture conditions with reference to temperature, pH and substrate concentration was evaluated using response surface methodology. Using the optimised data, a continuous biodegradation process was carried out in a dual-stage packed- bed reactor combined with a pneumatic bioreactor for the biodegradation of F-CN and subsequent nitrification and aerobic denitrification of the formed ammonium and nitrates. The isolated bacterial species were found to be gram positive and were able to produce endospores that were centrally located; using the 16S rDNA gene, the species were found to belong to the Bacillus genus. The species were able to degrade high cyanide concentration in nutrient broth with degradation efficiencies of 87.6%, 65.4%, 57.0% and 43.6% from 100 mg F-CN/L, 200 mg F-CN/L, 300 mg F-CN/L, 400 mg F-CN/L and 500 mg F-CN/L respectively over a period of 8 days. Additionally, the isolates were able to degrade cyanide in an agro-waste supported medium, especially in a medium that was supplemented with whey which achieved a degradation efficiency of 90% and 60% from 200 mg F-CN/L and 400 mg F-CN/L, respectively over a period of 5 days. The nitrification ability of the isolates was evaluated and the removal of NH4 +/NO3 - by the CDB and AOB in both shake flasks and pneumatic bioreactor was determined to be pH dependent. The maximum NH4 +/NO3 - removal evaluated over a period of 8 days for CDB and 15 days for AOB, observed at pH 7.7 in shake flasks, was 75% and 88%, respectively, in the absence of F-CN. Similarly, the removal of NH4 +/NO3 - in a pneumatic bioreactor was found to be 97.31% for CDB and 92% for AOB, thus demonstrating the importance of aeration in the designed process. The nitrification by CDB was not inhibited by cyanide loading up to a concentration of 8 mg FCN/ L, while the AOB were inhibited at cyanide loading concentration of 1 mg F-CN/L. The CDB removed the NH4 +/NO3 - in PBSs operated in a fed-batch mode, obtaining efficiencies >99% (NH4 +) and 76 to 98% (NO3 -) in repeated cycles (n = 3) under F-CN (≤8 mg F-CN/L). The input variables, that is, pH, temperature and whey-waste concentration, were optimised using a numerical optimisation technique where the optimum conditions were found to be: pH 9.88, temperature 33.60 °C and whey-waste concentration 14.27 g/L, under which 206.53 mg CN-/L in 96 h can be biodegraded by the microbial species from an initial cyanide concentration of 500 mg F-CN/L. Furthermore, using the optimised data, cyanide biodegradation in a continuous mode was evaluated in a dual-stage packed-bed bioreactor connected in series to a pneumatic bioreactor system used for simultaneous nitrification including aerobic denitrification. The whey-supported Bacillus sp. culture was not inhibited by the free cyanide concentration of up to 500 mg F-CN/L, with an overall degradation efficiency of ≥99% with subsequent nitrification and aerobic denitrification of the formed ammoniu and nitrates over a period of 80 days.
SANTOS, JACINETE L. dos. « Trocadores ionicos inorganicos a base de manganes e potassio para recuperacao e remocao de metais poluentes de efluentes aquosos ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10956.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:97/07964-0
Imanzadeh, Javad. « Assessment of landfills leachate impacts on groundwater quality with considering some case studies around the world ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Trouver le texte intégralCull, Deneen Jane. « Quantitative comparison of levels of organic wastes from four major sources at four scales along the Newfoundland coastline ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ62379.pdf.
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