Thèses sur le sujet « Politique économique – Chine – 19e siècle »
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Wen, Wen. « Les ingénieurs français et le développement économique de la Chine (1840-1911) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL031.
Texte intégralDuring the late Qing dynasty, a multitude of French engineers embarked on journeys to various regions of the Chinese Empire, assuming diverse and evolving roles in Franco-Chinese relations. Despite their diverse backgrounds, they were typically youthful and shared some common professional traits. They often enjoyed substantial compensation and prestigious honors throughout their careers, leading to remarkable upward social mobility. Their numbers witnessed significant growth from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. Initially, military engineers held dominance, but they gradually ceded ground to engineers from the state civil corps and civilian engineers who assumed multifaceted roles in commerce and industry. Concurrently, many military engineers entered private commercial ventures, which were expanding and diversifying. The enduring presence of French engineers in China was predominantly composed of civil engineers, drawn by factors such as marriage, religion and culture. Within the Chinese Empire, France leveraged its technical expertise to compete with other industrial powers. These engineers accomplished impressive infrastructural projects within the Chinese Empire, leaving behind them a rich historical legacy. Although not always synonymous with economic success, their achievements showcased both their technical expertise and the technological prowess of the French industrial landscape during the 19th and 20th centuries. Their written works, encompassing reports, blueprints, narratives, and familial correspondences, alongside photographic records and archives they amassed, serve as invaluable resources for historical research. Despite their role in technology transfer, historical constraints limited their impacts
Hamman, Abdelhafid. « L'influence de la pénétrattion française sur la situation économique et politique du Maroc de 1830 à 1880 ». Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20056.
Texte intégralThe french protetorat imposed on morocco in 1912, seems to have been prepared by a very slow penetration in the 19th centry. Effectively, from that time, the french influence was varied and provoqued political and economical transformations of the country : this is particularly the subject of our study. The first part gives, on one hand, a panegeric on the morocan traditional system in the time between 1830-1844, still safe of any foreign influence. On the other hand, it makes a flach backe to the historical events of 1844 which have permitted to france to get its first place in morocco, which had to undergo this foreign influence to be transformed. The second part is supposed to demonstrate how the french penetration, omnipresent since 1844, provoked turbulence and upheaval to which the traditional structures of the country could no longer resist. On the economical level, the creation of navigatory means of transport and post services which changed the trad geography of the country. The artisan knew a kind of decline because of the concurence of the european industry and in the end the morocan currency which knew advaluation because of the penetration of the french franc. On the political level, the consulary protectorial regime paralyzed the exercise what is know as the makhzin authority, would it be judiciary or administrative. To this should be atted the fact. That, administration and military services were also transfomed. The 3rd part has as purpose the englobing of the french aims through these transformations. Therefore, the aim was in the last ressort to modify profondly the morocan social institutions. Effectively, important upheaval took place in the mentality, habitudes and social behaviour of the population
Démier, Francis. « Nation, marché et développement dans la France de la Restauration ». Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100117.
Texte intégralL'Aoufir, Rachid. « Des discours économiques des journaux aux processus d'industrialisation en Prusse (1815-1848) ». Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0042.
Texte intégralPOLETTI, MATHIEU. « Formation économique, sociale et politique d'une banlieue : Colombes, 1830-1930 ». Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100053.
Texte intégralCachat, Gérard. « La genèse du septième plan quinquennal, 1986-1990 : en République populaire de Chine, 1976-1986 ». Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30021.
Texte intégralBenbijja, Khalid. « La vie économique et politique des Juifs au Maroc de la fin du 18e siècle à l'instauration du protectorat français 1912 ». Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA083664.
Texte intégralThe economical life of the Jews in Morocco is distinguished according to two different sectors. On the one hand, the rural world living from agriculture and breeding on the other hand, the urban world, relatively developed, living from craft industry (for example jewellery and shoemaking…) and from commerce. The manor Jewish community: The "Tujjars as sultan", diplomats or negotiators is depended on the state. The sultans and makhzen had found their interests thanks to those sales men, offering them many advantages. The Jews had an essential role in the economy of the country during the eighteen and the nineteenth centuries. The Jewish community knew how to resist the status of dhimmis and the political instability by respecting the inter-communities relations, while preserving its own traditions and culture. The extension of the occidental protection on a great number of Jews with different social back ground has many consequences on the political stability of the country and on the economical decay at the end of the 19th century
Garner, Guillaume. « La représentation de l'espace dans le discours économique allemand : 1740-1820 ». Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070054.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this work is to study how the transition between cameralism (the german form of mercantilism) and economic liberalism corresponds in Germany to the transition between a discourse which analyses the economic phenomenons from the political notion of territory and the liberal political economy which is founded on the "market space" concept and a reduction of the state's intervention. The analysis of the sources (i. E. Treatises of cameral sciences, of political economy, textbooks of statistics and geography) reveals a non-linear evolution. The cameralism emphasizes the notion of territory in its discourse, in order to analyse the economic processes and to set forth program aiming at the economic development of territories. In opposition to cameralism, the economic liberalism period of the 1790-1820's years sets the priority on the more abstract notion of "market space", which is the space formed by the action of market mechanisms. This market space can be analysed with the principles of Adam Smith which are universal and which abstract in consequence the political boundaries. However the liberal discourse is ambiguous because it shows between 1810 and 1820 a growing interest for the notion of territory, because of the political and economic situation of Europe during this period
Kaya, Alp Yücel. « Politique de l'enregistrement de la richesse économique : les enquêtes fiscales et agricoles de l'empire ottoman et de la France au milieu du XIXe siècle ». Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0119.
Texte intégralDevelopment of administrative practices that permit to register economic wealth is universal in the 19th century states. In order to grasp politics of registering economic weamth in the 19th century, a comparative study between the surveyxs of the Ottoman Empire and those of France is followed. It is based on fiscal surveys of 1840 and 1845 in the Ottoman case and on the agricultural surveys of 1836 and 1852 in the French case. The comparison of them permits to conceive convergences of administrative pratices, universal administrative and social tensions that emerge in the 19th century. Nonetheless, practices of registering economic wealth differ form one state to another. How different groups welcome it and how central administrations intervene to conciliate divergent interests determine original characteristics of the administrative organization of the registering the wealth of each country
Araujo, Ubiratan Castro de. « Le politique et l'économique dans une société esclavagiste : Bahia, 1820 à 1889 ». Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040194.
Texte intégralTwo strictly political circumstances that explain two realities of the sugar economy in the Brazilian province of Bahia have not yet been deeply analyzed : on the one hand, the sudden burst of the sugar during the years 1820-1855, despite the stubbornness of the sugar planters in maintaining old exploitation structures using servile manpower and little progress in cultivation methods of the sugar cane or in the production of sugar and, on the other, the region’s economics collapse from the end of the 50's on. Thus, after the expulsion of the Portuguese tradesmen in 1823 the political alliances between the sugar planters of the Reconcavo and the tradesmen of Salvador, descendants from the same social group although politically and economically controlled them, succeeded in overcoming the slave rebellions and the apathy of the progressive forces of the lower classes of the bahianese population. The period of the Brazilian independence and that of the slavery abolition are interesting to study the politics and the economy of Bahia in the nineteenth-century
Lamaison, Denis. « Prospérité et barbarie : système économique et violence dans deux colonies françaises au XIXe siècle (la Guyane et l'île de La Réunion) ». Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0141.
Texte intégralThis thesis is a critical study of the notion of prosperity in two French colonies in the XlXth century (French Guiana and Reunion island) with regard to the living conditions of the workforce (slaves, emancipated slaves, indentured servants, convicts). This work questions the fact that planters continually demanded new workers although they never tried to maintain these men and women healthy. We compare the elite speeches about prosperity with the violence experienced by the workforce (physical violence, lack of food and care, etc. ). We will also see how the colonists justified the preservation of an economic system while recognizing its failure. This study also questions the reality of these colonies development and the relevance of this eurocentric concept. Finally, we will focus on history writing which began in the XlXth century and forgot the slavery and colonization victims in elaborating a colonial prosperity myth
Melki, Mickaël. « Les interactions directes et indirectes entre idéologie et croissance économique : Cinq essais appliqués au cas français,1870-2011 ». Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767439.
Texte intégralYahia, Hassan. « Les relations administratives et économiques entre l'Empire ottoman et ses provinces syriennes (Bilad Ash Sham) de 1804 à 1864 ». Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20025.
Texte intégralThe objective of this thesis is to review the evolution of the administrative and economic relations between the Ottoman Empire and its Syrian provinces during the period under study. Here are traced the administrative and economic relations with respect to the ottoman empire, in general, and with respect to the Syrian provinces, in particular. We undertook, therefore, the study of factors that exercised negative and positive influences from the external and internal points of view. The subject of administrative relations led us, naturally, to study the governmental and administrative machinery, and the reforms introduced therein. In more precise terms, we have studied the juridical, the militarily and the cultural machineries, as well as the relations with the non-Moslem communities and the privileges granted to foreign states. The subject of economic relations deals with the agricultural and land systems; taxes and their collection; the professions related to financial machinery, crafts and industry and relations in the world of commerce and communication. The era of Ottoman Empire was characterised by superficial and decentralised administrative relations. These relations grew complex and centralised as from the Egyptian era (18311840). As for economic relations, they were dealt in all their aspects. In fact, the middle-east region enjoyed a relatively easy life and served the role of a vital road between the east and the west. How can, then, be explained its failure and setback in the economic sphere before and even after the first world war with the consequence that it is now considered among the developing countries ? The explanation is found in the conservatism and the inertia of the economic and administrative system of the empire, in the indifferent attitude of the Syrian population and in the interference of the European countries in the internal affairs of the Empire
Zinkhofer, Sabina Maria. « Économie et nation : les deux visions de la pensée économique allemande, de F. List à nos jours ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0010.
Texte intégralThe economic thought takes form, during the chosen period (from F. List, who elucidates the links between nation and economics, to present days) inside the specific political, economic and philosophical context of a nation not yet formed. The present thesis argues that in spite of roots in common, this thought can be divided into a dualist vision of economics and nation determinated by historical constraints, and a reconcilatory vision which progresses towards the loosening of these constraints and elaborating the desired order - one which seeks to equilibrate idea and reality, the spiritual and the material. Eventually, the different visions of man in history are responsable for the different concepts of economics and nation, the ways proposed to realise the desired society and the constitutional choices for its integration. This proposition will be backed up by the analysis of representative systems of economic thought : - first, the main philosophical aspects, to discern the ethical "stakes" of this thought : Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Nietzsche, the "neo - kantian and critical historical" philosophy, the School of Frankfurt, Habermas; - next, economic thought, from List to the period of national socialisme : Bismarck and conservative thought, list, Schmoller, Sombart, Weber (the historical school of "Nationalokonomie"), Marx and Bernstein, representing the two branches of socialist thought ; - finally, the theories of Eucken (the "ordo - liberalisme") and Glotz, representing contemporary social democratic thought. We shall examine the potential viability of the elaborated order models, especially by analysing the compatibility of the proposed concepts and the relation between the economic and political order. Their ethical foundations will be made clear to establish the link between the vision of man and that of economics and nation. The conclusion will regroup the analysis of the differents systems of economic thought into either a dualist or a reconciling vision
Torres, Bautista Mariano E. « Projet économique régional et pouvoir national : les tribulations de l'industrialisation de Puebla : 1830-1867 ». Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010591.
Texte intégralThis paper makes the point into the general problems of the "take off" in the Puebla region during the first half of the XIXth century. Two phenomena must be taken in account since the late XVIIIth. Century : at first the political and cultural ties between the new Spain and the personalities and institutions of the "lumieres" period. Second the results as stimulants as regrettables of the economic growth in the new Spain in comparison with the empire's failure. When the independence finished many economical industrialization projects came ahead in puebla since 1822. At the same time that a new nation was borning the modern economy was the main item to try to eliminate all discussions in politics. This special attemt to the "take off" will be taken by the entrepreneurs aside of politics taking advantage of the "anarchy period" to grow up. Anfres Torres means a particular case which representated the new type of entrepreneur who disposed of material sources to invert in the so called "new industries" as a response of the critical situation of his time
Tan, Lély. « La ville autoritaire : la métamorphose urbaine comme outil de légitimation politique : Shangai, (1990-2010), au regard du Paris du Second Empire, (1852-1870) ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0680.
Texte intégralShanghai, neoliberal example or sui generis case? Is Shanghai urban metamorphosis unique case in the world, irreducible and idiosyncratic model? No because Haussmanian Paris under the Second Empire experienced the same transformation. By comparing the two cities, we have elaborated a new city category: the authoritarian city. It is the result of a process by combining three factors: 1, Authoritarian political system 2, Modernization economic policy 3, Ambitious urban strategy. Within this context, the Authoritarian city has to be seen as a legitimization way for the political power. Unlike researchers who explain the Shanghai urban transformation as an endogenous phenomenon (Friedmann 2006, Logan et Fainstein (dir), 2010) or a number of others who estimate it as a result of Chinese market liberalization, we advocate a more comprehensive overview. The Authoritarian model is taken account Chinese characteristics and place Shanghai urban path as a “more ordinary city”. Because temporary aspect Is essential in our framework and because contexts are parts of the Authoritarian city, we deliberately use process approach (Mendes et al. 2013). The phenomenon is a whole process and cannot be separated from the economical, political or social contexts
Stanziani, Alessandro. « Discours et pratiques sociales de l'économie politique : économistes, bureaucrates et paysans à l'époque de la "grande transformation" en Russie, 1892-1930 ». Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0031.
Texte intégralThe dissertation is comprehensive of three main sections : the economic analysis; its use by the public administration; its consequences on the peasantry. Concerning the economic analysis i take into consideration the theories of the peasant economy, as well as the main categories of the economic discours: the individual, the market, the technique, the development. I also try to explain the social practises of the economic knowledge, i. E. Its use by the administration and by the agronomists working side by side with the peasants. In particular, i try to show how the specialists and the administrators try to impose their knowledge and their criteria of management on the peasantry
Gnokane, Adama. « La politique française sur la rive droite du Sénégal : Le pays maure 1817-1903 ». Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010569.
Texte intégralGoulard, Sébastien. « Les politiques de développement régional d'une zone périphérique chinoise : le cas de la province de Hainan ». Paris, EHESS, 2014. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01111893.
Texte intégralChina suffers from strong regional inequalities in terms of development. To fight against this imbalance, the central government has launched several regional campaigns. In spite of these efforts, regional inequalities persist. This thesis aims to study the regional development of one of China's peripheral regions in the context of transition. Long marginalized, policies have now been implemented in Hainan to transform the province into an international tourism destination by 2020. This study focuses on the relations between the different actors involved in this plan, and reveals that these regional policies will not put an end to the peripheral status of Hainan. The province is no longer isolated thanks to heavy investment in infrastructure, but these measures have increased the influence of the central government on the island, and Hainan remains a highly strategic frontier region in the eyes of Beijing. This study also questions the role of state-owned enterprises in the implementation of this plan and shows that the collusion between government and companies prevent the plan's success because of conflicts of interests. These policies have weakened the island's economy by increasing its dependence on real estate and have increased inequality between communities. By focusing on infrastructure and neglecting governance and social issues, China's regional development plans are not achieving their goals - Hainan province is still not a main international destination -, and are not putting an end to regional inequalities
Khoudour-Castéras, David. « Migrations internationales, régimes de change et politiques sociales : un nouveau trilemme de politique économique ? » Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat1n0o44.
Texte intégralThe thesis is based on two main ideas : first, labor mobility constitutes a central adjutment mechanism in exchange rate regimes ; second the development of social policies contributes to slowing down the emigration process. The argument rests at the same time on a theoretical reflection, based in particular on the optimum currency area theory, and on historical analysis, focused on two periods of contemporary history : the gold standard period and the interwar period. Thus, Chapter 1 aims at showing the key role of international migration in the adjustement process of the gold standard. Then, Chapter 2 analyses the impact of Bismarck's social legislation on German emigration. Finally, Chapter 3 provides an alternative explanation to the fall of the gold exchange standard. In total, the purpose of the thesis is to show the existence of an economic policy trilemma between international migration, exchange rate regimes and social policies
Haghe, Jean-Paul. « Les eaux courantes et l'Etat en France (1789-1919) : du contrôle institutionnel à la fétichisation marchande ». Paris, EHESS, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01093647.
Texte intégralSaliby-Yehia, Hoda. « Pouvoir étatique et dynamique de développement : l'expérience de deux États successeurs de l'Empire Ottoman, la Syrie (1876-1963) et le Liban (1876-1964) ». Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010562.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this research is to analyse the role of the state in development. Development is here defined as a set of dynamics proper to each society, resulting from the interplay of many factors, among these factors we have examened six variables in their relationship to sate action. They are : territory, population, constitutional life, public finance, the education system and the role of the state in the economy. The interplay of these variables has been studied over a relatively long period. Lebanon, 1876-1964 and Syria, 1876-1963, have witnessed three types of state-power : Ottoman rule, the French mandate and the modern independant state. The Lebanese and yrian development experiences rely upon differents patterns, leading to divergent options. Guided by the assumption that the history of a society enrichies our analysis and comprehension of its economic organisation, our multi-disciplinary aproach has led us to pose the ititial question in a different manner : could state-power, rather than being regarded as a primary actor in development, be considered merely as one of its variables ?
Chen, Jinzhao. « Le régime de change dans la réforme chinoise ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100186.
Texte intégralThis thesis provides an analysis of exchange rate regime in China in transformation. Through three empirical studies, which constitutes each a chapter, we propose three empirical analysis on i) the equilibrium exchange rate of RMB and its misalignments for the period 1994 to 2007; ii) the effectiveness of capital controls in China; iii) the impact of real exchange rate of RMB on the disparity of economic growth of China's provinces. The main results of this thesis are as follows: At first, during the Asian financial crisis and during the years 2001-2002, the RMB was overvalued. It was undervalued only for the recent period from 2003 to 2005, with a misalignment limited to 8%; we also found a slight overvaluation after the introduction of the new exchange rate regime in 2005. Secondly, the de facto intensity of capital controls increases over time, even during the period of financial turbulence of 2007-2008. Moreover, the slightly slower speed of adjustment to the threshold of no-arbitrage implies that capital controls are still effective. However, both indicators of flow (the composition of capital flows and capital flight) show that capital controls are not always effective and the financial account is porous. Thirdly, our results showed that not only the factors such as the investment, the natural growth rate of population and human capital have an impact on growth, but also an appreciation of real exchange rate would stimulate economic growth of China's provinces
Schaffar, Alexandra. « Croissance et hiérarchie urbaines dans les pays émergents ». Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861019.
Texte intégralMarin, Séverine-Antigone. « L’apprentissage de la mondialisation : les milieux économiques allemands face à la réussite américaine (1876-1914) ». Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040209.
Texte intégralThis work aims at understanding how the German learned to deal with the globalization at the end of the XIXth Century. The German industrialists sought to take advantage of the new opportunities provided by foreign markets and facilitated by the new economic information overflow. For their part, experts and economists tried to explain the mecanisms of a world where industrial revolution was ever more widespread. They wanted to define where Germany should stand and what role it should play in this new environment where comparative advantages are always short-lived. These efforts, made by German economic circles, are analysed in the context of growing rivalry with the United States – whose development in the industry as well as in the agriculture made for an utmost interesting example for the Germans
Xu, Zelai. « Urbanisation et Croissance des Villes en Chine ». Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266936.
Texte intégralNotre étude suggère que la Chine a connu un retard de l'urbanisation dû aux stratégies d'industrialisation particulières (biais de l'industrie lourde avant les réformes et industrialisation rurale après les réformes) et au caractère incomplet des marchés des facteurs de production (le travail et la terre, entre autres) ; les villes ne sont pas assez grandes pour exploiter les économies d'agglomération. Avec l'approfondissement des réformes économiques, la Chine doit poursuivre cette transformation structurelle rurale/urbaine car le développement de l'économie urbaine va constituer l'un des moteurs de la croissance économique du pays. Les politiques destinées à promouvoir l'urbanisation doivent consister à améliorer les institutions sur les marchés des facteurs de production, et à relâcher les restrictions sur la taille des villes.
Lemercier, Claire. « La Chambre de Commerce de Paris, 1803-1852 : un "corps consultatif" entre représentation et information économiques ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412011.
Texte intégralL'histoire de la Chambre est avant tout celle d'un corps intermédiaire – dans un pays et une période où cette notion est loin d'aller de soi. L'étude de cette véritable reconstruction d'une architecture institutionnelle, après la Révolution française et au fil des changements de régimes politiques, est avant tout centrée sur les pratiques de l'institution (modes de recherche d'information, interactions entre membres dans la préparation des rapports, émergence de fonctions de service pour la Chambre...), sans négliger les débats idéologiques concernant l'organisation et la représentation du monde économique (rétablissement des corporations en particulier). L'étude à été menée partir des riches archives de la Chambre (procès verbaux et dossiers thématiques), de recherches concernant ses membres, principalement en termes de carrière institutionnelle et de cumuls de mandats, et de nombreuses sources imprimées touchant aux dossiers traités par la Chambre.
Dans un premier temps, une étude, en partie quantitative, du travail de l'institution et des carrières de ses membres permet de définir une chronologie propre à la Chambre et de poser des hypothèses concernant les motivations de ceux que l'institution intéresse (membres, mais aussi interlocuteurs dans l'administration et dans le monde économique). Une présentation chronologique s'attache ensuite notamment à l'analyse fine de périodes de changement (1828-1832, 1848-1852). Dans ces moments, les membres de l'institution apparaissent acteurs de leur histoire, avec une certaine autonomie pour redéfinir leurs règles de fonctionnement ; mais ils sont aussi soumis à la concurrence d'autres institutions et à des chocs extérieurs (émergence de chambres syndicales, révolutions politiques, actualité nouvelle de la question sociale...). Au fil des travaux de la Chambre émergent enfin certains dossiers d'histoire économique (régulation des transactions boursières, contrôle a posteriori des sociétés anonymes, modes d'encouragement des exportations...) et d'histoire des statistiques sur lesquels l'étude de l'institution ouvre des pistes nouvelles.
Lorcin, Jean. « Économie et comportements sociaux et politiques : la région de Saint-Étienne : de la Grande dépression à la seconde Guerre mondiale ». Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010690.
Texte intégralWang, Fangfang. « Le port de Shanghai, porte maritime de la Chine, 1843-1912 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL054.
Texte intégralThis thesis focuses on the development of the Shanghai port from 1843 to 1912, with a particular emphasis on the history of foreign enterprises established in Shanghai during this period. At a time when China is promoting its Belt and Road Initiative, aimed at expanding its global influence by assisting participating countries in developing their public infrastructure, including ports, it is interesting to reexamine the history of the development of the Shanghai port during the concession period. The foreign concessions in Shanghai and the private enterprises established there between 1843 and 1912 played a crucial role in the construction of the port, which later became a development model for other Chinese port cities. The city of Shanghai as we know it today has its foundations in this period. This thesis seeks to demonstrate how the commercial competition among foreign enterprises in Shanghai drove the development of its port. It explores the historical context, key stages of port construction, planning and management, as well as Western imperialism and the emergence of Chinese national consciousness
Perrin, Florence. « La constitution de l'intérêt général, entre droits et intérêts particuliers, dans le libéralisme politique (XVIIIème - XIXème siècle) ». Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0106.
Texte intégralIt has become all too common to sigh over the loss of a political ideal, aimed at the pursuit of the general interest and unifying enough to mobilise the members of a political and social community. Among the factors often deemed responsible for the crumbling of the political link and the waning of civic duties is liberal philosophy, the individualistic dimension of which would supposedly have made the sacrifice of individual interests in the name of the general interest utterly impossible. We intend to show in this study that, by setting out its definition of the common good, liberalism has brought in indecisiveness, which makes it difficult for people to refer to. Indeed as liberalism is understood as the means to further individual interests -since each and everyone has a right to achieve their own ends-liberalism can mean the achieving of these very ends as weIl as the protection of rights. If today this twofold point dissolves itself into the options one has between political liberalism and economic liberalism, we will see that it has already given ri se to a tension among the founders of liberalism, who hesitate between the establishment of laws setting the limits of legitimate interests on the one hand and the upholding of interests from which the legal system stems from on the other. The ambiguity between what lies in the general interest, the safeguard of rights, and the pursuit of the general interest based on the composition of individual interests thus compels us to define more precisely the nature of citizens' taking part in politics, especially in a democracy
Poinsot, Philippe. « La relecture de l'oeuvre de Jules Dupuit à l'aune de la notion de bien-être et utilité publique : intérêt général, bien-être et utilité publique ». Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010059.
Texte intégralTrichereau, Romain. « Analyse du processus d'une prise de décision : Napoléon III et le traité de commerce franco-britannique de 1860 ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0042.
Texte intégralWhile the first aim of this thesis is to enrich the historiography regarding The Cobden–Chevalier Treaty of 1860, what makes it unique is the focus on political and economic conditions which led to such a decision from Napoleon III. Until now, this field of research has been quite neglected. However, there is a paradox between the fact that it was both a secret choice – at the time, it was even presented as a considered "coup d’état commercial" – and a largely public preceding argument. This approach seems crucial and provides a clear starting point for an examination of the history of this treaty. The question of the emperor’s choice is very important. This "coup de force" truly represents a bold economic choice and is the heaviest decision made by Napoleon III. That is why this thesis discusses the decision-making process of economic policies by looking at their implementation; from the first stages of the process: the intention of reform, how to do it, practicability and acceptability, to the proper decision-making and its justifications. While reiterating that there is obviously no economic history without political history, this research enlightens the grey area of convergence between the different points which led to the realisation of this bilateral agreement, before explaining and analysing all of its negotiations
Assier, Mathilde. « La promotion des beaux-arts en Espagne (1853-1898). Soutenir les beaux-arts en temps de crise ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL091.
Texte intégralThis dissertation aims to bring to light the organization of the fine arts system and the conditions under which works of art were produced in Spain between 1853 and 1898, centering on three leading cities: Madrid, Barcelona, and Seville. During this period of political and economic crisis, usually understood through the lens of the paradigm of Spanish backwardness or failure, the artists’ disenchantment was considerable. However, far from driving them into passive resignation, this spurred a desire for cultural "regeneration," born of countless debates over the way in which the arts should be supported and a keen interest in comparison with what was happening abroad. This intellectual exuberance led to a renewal of the institutions promoting the arts, giving way to the creation of museums, exhibitions, contests, and grants. The analysis of the artistic missions of the royal household, the Ministry of Development, diputaciones (provincial governments), societies of artists, and the various Economic Societies of Friends of the Country, relies on case studies and reveals the agents at work: senior and junior civil servants, not-known or famous artists, and politicians. Rooted in broad archival research, this journey through the world of Spanish art enriches our understanding of the goals, consequences, and specific features of the public and private support of the arts on a regional and national scale and within the context of the construction of the nation-state
Medina, Alexis. « Le progressisme et la réforme de l’État en Équateur, 1883-1895 ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100129/document.
Texte intégralProgressivism was a political movement born in Ecuador in 1860s that aimed at embodying a third way between conservatism and liberalism. While they were in power, from 1883 to 1895, the progressives tried to modernize Ecuador both politically and economically. On the economic level, they sought to consolidate the agroexport model, develop technical and scientific education, build railroads and redefine the relationship between Church and State. They also wanted to stabilize the republican institutions, based on the respect for civil liberties, separation of powers and suffrage as the source of political legitimacy. In spite of its failures, progressivism represents a fundamental step in the formation of the Nation state in Ecuador
Pereira, Jacques. « Montesquieu et la Chine ». Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2005.
Texte intégralWe know the importance of China in the intellectual history of France for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries : it has fueled the debate on the universal chronology, the religious tolerance, the purposes of good government, the new economic order that trying to prevail. While avoiding intervene in the battle raging between sinophiles and sinophobes, Montesquieu listens, learns, sorts, attempting to develop a personal position faced to these presentations of China that missionary literature and travel stories propose. It is that the stakes are high for him : this political and sociological model seems to resist its own criteria for assessing up to challenge its typology of Governments. This thinking is reflected long, upstream of L’Esprit des lois , Geographica, Pensées and Spicilège, it is nevertheless a representation actually the original in the World Chinese sidesteps the trap of assuming Manichaeism and some uncertainties contradictions. . . The task that first I set is to reconstruct as accurately as possible the representation of China, to confront the sources available to Montesquieu, to show that some deviations from these sources or from its first judgments can be explained to the internal structure of Esprit des lois. Finally, I try to assess the resonance that this representation has been reached among the first readers of the masterpiece
Zou, Zhaomin. « La transition financière chinoise : un modèle de financement alternatif dans un contexte de libéralisation financière ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973231.
Texte intégralSilvant, Claire. « L’école libérale française et l’intervention publique dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100189.
Texte intégralThe object of this dissertation is to analyze the conceptions of public intervention in the French liberal School in the second half of the 19th century. The first chapter is devoted to the exposition of three different views of these economists on State. We elaborate a typology relying on their analyses of the legitimate State attributes; this typology distinguishes an “orthodoxy” considering the only provision of security and justice, a “regulatory” liberalism, and a more “interventionist” liberalism. We question this typology, wondering if it remains relevant when our liberal economists discuss the practical questions of their time.Thus the second chapter of our study presents to the liberal analyses of taxation. We highlight the richness of the French thought on this topic. We particularly put forward the formalized contributions of three of them: Cournot, Dupuit and Fauveau. In the third chapter we study the positions of our economists on the question of the issuing of banknotes, on credit, and on the metallic standard. We show that their theoretical divergences are well explained by their preference for a rule or for a discretionary public intervention.Our last chapter investigates the question of property rights. By examining their ideas on inheritance and on intellectual property, we emphasize the opposition inside this School between the advocates of a regulatory State and the defenders of the State as a protector of natural rights. Finally the boundary between the liberal “orthodoxy” and the liberal “heterodoxy” is less steady than what we could think
Van, Den Dungen Pierre. « Milieux de presse et journalistes en Belgique au XIXe siècle (1828-1914) : des origines de l'Etat constitutionnel bourgeois aux débuts de la démocratie de masse ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211230.
Texte intégralCottet, Dumoulin Emilie. « Franchir pour unir, équiper pour rattacher : les premiers chemins de fer en Savoie : intentions, usages, représentations (années 1830-1880) ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951184.
Texte intégralGoldman, Noémie. « Un Monde pour les XX : Octave Maus et le groupe des XX :analyse d'un cercle artistique dans une perspective sociale, économique et politique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209691.
Texte intégralNous avons ainsi voulu replacer le groupe des XX dans son contexte économique, politique et social. La diversification des approches et des sources était donc un aspect essentiel de nos recherches. Plusieurs voies d’approche ont été empruntées, telles que l’histoire culturelle, la sociologie de l’art, l’histoire du marché de l’art, l’analyse politique ainsi que l’étude de la visual culture.
Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l’émergence de la nouvelle scène artistique construite autour du groupe des XX. Nous débutons par une analyse plus monographique du parcours de Maus afin de définir les qualités essentielles de l’animateur d’art qu’il incarne, ainsi que son rôle dans la reconfiguration du milieu culturel. Ensuite, notre étude se concentre sur la mobilisation d’un public autour des salons et la mise en place d’un nouveau marché de l’art aux XX.
Dans un second temps, notre étude se penche sur les œuvres créées par les XX et sélectionnées par le public d’amateurs fidèles au groupe. Nous éclairons cette production artistique en y décelant les influences des questionnements et des prises de position sociales et politiques du public des XX, défini précédemment. L’analyse iconographique et stylistique des œuvres s’accompagne d’un travail sur ce milieu culturel, et particulièrement sur ses positions face aux débats sociaux de l’époque. Cette étude aboutit, d’une part, à une description approfondie du public des XX, et, d’autre part, à une meilleure compréhension de l’originalité de la production esthétique des artistes du groupe. /
This PhD thesis concentrates on the mechanisms by which the artistic world in Brussels was reorganized at the end of the 19th century. The research focuses on the places, institutions, publics, art markets and aesthetic developments that characterized the new artistic scene constructed around the “Salon des XX”. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that this artistic circle, led by Octave Maus, produced an art influenced by social, political and economic issues. Another aim has been to analyze the public that defended the artists by studying its social, cultural and generational nature.
This thesis, which is divided into two parts, for the first time explores the circle of the XX in its economic, political and social environment. The diversification of sources and scientific methods was therefore an essential aspect of the research. Different methods were applied such as, for example, the cultural history, the sociology of art, the history of the art market, political sciences and the visual culture.
The first part of this study is about the emergence of a new artistic scene founded around the “Groupe des XX”. The first objective was to investigate the personal and professional path followed by Octave Maus, the manager of the XX, who played a major role in the evolution of the cultural world. Subsequently the research focuses on the mobilization of a particular public and the creation of a new art market around the XX’s exhibitions.
The second part of this thesis considers the works of art created by the artists of the “Groupe des XX” and chosen by the public for private collections. New light is shed on this artistic production by the study of the social and political position of the XX’s public, considered as a social group. Hence the iconographic and stylistic analysis of the works goes together with a study of the XX’s milieu, and in particular with its political action. The present thesis, and the method that aims to study the works in parallel with the public’s social nature, lead to a better understanding of the cultural milieu and, at the same time, of the originality of the XX’s artistic creation.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Missemer, Antoine. « L’analyse économique face à l’épuisement des ressources naturelles, de William Stanley Jevons à Harold Hotelling (1865-1931) : Le cas des énergies fossiles ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22007.
Texte intégralFossil fuels exhaustion is a current topic. It is often said that its first presages appeared in the 1970s with the first oil shock. Actually, this exhaustion fear is much older than that, it started with the Industrial Revolution and kept going since then. In the second part of the 19th century, some economists focused their attention on the mineral resources depletion, which was at the time an ‘unknown item’ that necessitated the creation of new concepts and new analytical tools to deal with (for example Jevons’ rebound-effect, Marshall-Einaudi’s mining rent). In the 1910s and 1920s, thanks to technical progress and the development of new energies (oil, hydro-electricity), their fears about industrial decline progressively dissipated. Yet, these factual evolutions are not the only ones to consider. Internal factors, inside economic science (marginalism in the 1870s, capital theory in the 1890s), also shaped economists’ viewpoint on resources exhaustion. Why? How? What lessons can we get from this period for our current environmental challenges? These are the questions that are studied in this thesis
Ouali, Mohand. « Les réactions britanniques face à la prise d'Alger par la France en 1830 : luttes et rivalités coloniales, politiques et diplomatiques en Méditerranée depuis le projet de combinaison avec Méhémet Ali en janvier 1830 jusqu'au bombardement de Tanger de 1844 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080005.
Texte intégralThe Mediterranean Sea was to constitute a key ground of diplomatic struggle between the two traditional rivals, -Great-Britain and France- during the first half of the nineteenth century. If the British officials vehemently demanded a rapid withdrawal of French troops from the newly conquered Algiers, this subject, despite its obvious importance, has been rarely advocated in the historical interest. Hence, the present essay which aims to provide a new approach by examining the British point of view regarding the guaranties given by France to evacuate Algiers after its invasion in 1830. Thus, the work of the Foreign Minister, Aberdeen, will be a particular focus so as to get a better understanding of the British demands, notably the withdrawal of French forces. Moreover, the decision to maintain the North African colony was also a matter of passionate parliamentary controversy reported by the press; that is precisely what we will focus in order to understand British foreign policy towards the Barbary Regencies and the stakes in the Mediterranean. So, the parliamentary opposition introduced the question of Algiers as a matter of international interest. The French troops’ evacuation from Algiers was one the Tories’ examples to criticize British foreign policy under the Whig Governments
Bruneau, Laurent. « La disparition de la rencontre de marché dans la tradition économique française : de Boisguilbert à Walras ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22024.
Texte intégralThe thesis offers to re-examine the concept of competition in a selection of traditional texts of the French economic tradition of the 18th and 19th century.The examination of the founding texts of Boisguilbert and Cantillon, shows that the concept of competition covers two different contents.- On the one hand, the competition which is exerted on the site of a marketplace, on the long side of the marketplace, and which takes the form of conflictual behavior of outbidding or underbidding price.- On the other hand, the competition which is exerted from indications of price signal on the site of marketplace, and which takes the form of quantitative decisions, of réallocations of the goods, capital and men. This second significance gradually will supplant the first, until it made disappear the concept itself of encounter of market, in particular in the work of Turgot (with the general market). This same tendency appears in the mathematical analysis of Isnard, while at the same time Canard introduces a mathematical approach of the conflictual encounter of market.At the beginning of the 19th century, influenced by Smith amending the definition of the demand, Say confirms this disappearance, while Sismondi does not manage to dissociate the competitive processes. Thereafter, the authors of the French school, first and foremost Garnier and Molinari are then going to complete the blanking process of the competitive behaviour of the first type, in spite of the iconoclastic attempt of Walras which tries, unsuccessfully according to us, to give an account of it, with the concept of tâtonnement (groping).Finally, research shows that the absence of awareness of the duality of the concept of competition, made invisible the change of direction in the analysis of the encounter of market, in about 1760. A recognition of this duality could thus successfully reorientate contemporary research
Brillant, Lucy. « La liquidité et la structure par terme des taux d'intérêt dans la tradition britannique de Henry Thornton, Ralph George Hawtrey, John Maynard Keynes et John Richard Hicks ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010007.
Texte intégralThe specificity of the monetary tradition of Henry Thornton, Ralph George Hawtrey, John Maynard Keynes and John Richard Hicks is to consider the interest rate as mainly determined by the monetary policy. Those authors are part of the same monetary tradition, different that Knut Wicksell for whom the interest rate is a real variable: the rate of profit. The process of borrowing and lending, in the monetary tradition analyzed in my PhD thesis, corresponds to a sale and a purchase of debts. Debts take a different form according to the period studied. ln the nineteenth century, Thornton wrote that the Bank of England should be able to manage, by varying its discount rate, the price of short-term liquidity, which is the substitution of bills againt money. ln the twentieth century, other transmission channels of monetary policy appeared wit the evolution of financial markets. Although neglected by the literature, one of the most representative controversy at that time was between Hawtrey, Keynes and Hicks. All made a theory in which the short-term rate is a monetary phenomenon. They however disagreed on the nature of the long-term rate. The debate is on Keynes's pioneering theory of the term structur of interest rates, the announcement effects, and the limits to arbitrage
Ouali, Mohand. « Les réactions britanniques face à la prise d'Alger par la France en 1830 : luttes et rivalités coloniales, politiques et diplomatiques en Méditerranée depuis le projet de combinaison avec Méhémet Ali en janvier 1830 jusqu'au bombardement de Tanger de 1844 ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080005.
Texte intégralThe Mediterranean Sea was to constitute a key ground of diplomatic struggle between the two traditional rivals, -Great-Britain and France- during the first half of the nineteenth century. If the British officials vehemently demanded a rapid withdrawal of French troops from the newly conquered Algiers, this subject, despite its obvious importance, has been rarely advocated in the historical interest. Hence, the present essay which aims to provide a new approach by examining the British point of view regarding the guaranties given by France to evacuate Algiers after its invasion in 1830. Thus, the work of the Foreign Minister, Aberdeen, will be a particular focus so as to get a better understanding of the British demands, notably the withdrawal of French forces. Moreover, the decision to maintain the North African colony was also a matter of passionate parliamentary controversy reported by the press; that is precisely what we will focus in order to understand British foreign policy towards the Barbary Regencies and the stakes in the Mediterranean. So, the parliamentary opposition introduced the question of Algiers as a matter of international interest. The French troops’ evacuation from Algiers was one the Tories’ examples to criticize British foreign policy under the Whig Governments
Létourneau, Jean-François. « Les conséquences pacificatrices de l'interdépendance économique et la montée des tensions entre la Chine populaire et Taiwan au tournant du 21ième siècle ». Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/923/1/M10187.pdf.
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