Articles de revues : « Political parties – Psychological aspects »

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Palitai, Ivan S. « The Influence of Modern Party System on the Development of Parliamentarism in Russia : Institutional, Political and Psychological Aspects ». Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 42 (3 décembre 2018) : 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2018-0-4-266-273.

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The article is devoted to the modern Russian party system. In the first part of the article, the author shows the historical features of the parties formation in Russia and analyzes the reasons for the low turnout in the elections to the State Duma in 2016. According to the author the institutional reasons consist in the fact that the majority of modern political parties show less and less ability to produce new ideas, and the search for meanings is conducted on the basis of the existing, previously proposed sets of options. Parties reduce the topic of self-identification in party rhetoric, narrowing it down to “branded” ideas or focusing on the image of the leader. In addition, the author shows the decrease in the overall political activity of citizens after the 2011 elections, and points out that the legislation amendments led to the reduction of the election campaigns duration and changes in the voting system itself. The second part of the article is devoted to the study of the psychological aspects of the party system. The author presents the results of the investigation of images of the parties as well as the results of the population opinion polls, held by the centers of public opinion study. On the basis of this data, the author concludes that according to the public opinion the modern party system is ineffective, and the parties don’t have real political weight, which leads to the decrease of the interest in their activities and confidence in them. The author supposes that all this may be the consequence of the people’s fatigue from the same persons in politics, but at the same time the electorate’s desire to see new participants in political processes is formulated rather vaguely, since, according to the people, this might not bring any positive changes.

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Kaptsevich, Olga Aleksandrovna, Egor Borisovich Marin et Nadezhda Vladimirovna Osmachko. « Psychological aspects of political participation and protest readiness of the youth of Primorsky Krai ». Психолог, n^o 1 (janvier 2021) : 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2021.1.34979.

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Changes that take place in the Russian society generate conflicts that are often implemented in  form of a protest. Youth is the peculiar actor of protest behavior. The subject of this research is the psychological, namely emotional aspect of the attitude towards politics and its engagement into political interest and political behavior (including protest behavior) of youth of the Far East. The research involved 254 students from several universities of Primorsky Krai. Questionnaire that included a number of blocks aimed at studying emotions, interest in politics, political participation, and protest behavior was used for collecting the information. Application of the categorical method of key components, the author determined the two forms of potential protest behavior: “radical” and “moderate”. “Radical protest” reveals correlation with an entire range of negative emotions, while “moderate protest” has relatively few emotional correlates and is more typical among female respondents. “Radical” protest indicates high political activity: its supporters actively participate in politics in one or another way; “moderate” protest does not indicate such correlates. Therefore, politically active youth is more likely to have radical protest moods. The analysis of emotional attitude towards government can be considered as a marker of protest potential and its vector towards “softer” or “aggressive” forms of protest. The acquired results are valuable for government authorities, political parties, and educational institutions.

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Yuliasih, Muzayyanah. « THE ROLE OF DAKWAH IN COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA 4.0 ». Jurnal Bina Ummat : Membina dan Membentengi Ummat 5, n^o 1 (2 août 2022) : 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38214/jurnalbinaummatstidnatsir.v5i1.122.

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Background,Da'wah is not only lectures from the pulpit, but da'wah can also be realized through concrete actions to achieve a prosperous human life. The function of da'wah in community empowerment is about how to socialize the values of Islamic teachings in building the process of community change, because da'wah itself means changes to a better social self order. The author wants to describe the function of da'wah in human empowerment, which is actually part of the role of the da'i to participate in progress. Method, The research method used in this research is a qualitative method. The selection of this method is intended to find out how the data from the findings can be found, collected, processed, and analyzed. Discussion, To achieve the goals of da'wah, especially in the context of empowerment, focus, Da'wah methods and materials must be directed at the characteristics of development, namely: from: da'wah actors to the community, it will be institutionalized. Second, missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. namely: from: da'wah actors to the community will be institutionalized. Second, missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. namely: from: da'wah actors to the community will be institutionalized. Second, missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it.

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Harteveld, Eelco, Stefan Dahlberg, Andrej Kokkonen et Wouter Van Der Brug. « Gender Differences in Vote Choice : Social Cues and Social Harmony as Heuristics ». British Journal of Political Science 49, n^o 3 (4 septembre 2017) : 1141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123417000138.

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Some parties are more popular among men, while other parties attract more female voters. This article proposes that these differences can be partially explained by two recurring gender differences in the socio-psychological literature. It argues that men’s generally lower sensitivity to social cues makes them more likely to vote for stigmatized and small parties, whereas women’s greater concern with social harmony is expected to make them less likely to vote for extreme parties. The models are tested at the individual and party levels using three waves of Comparative Study of Electoral Systems data from twenty-eight countries. Ceteris paribus, men are more likely than women to vote for parties that are socially stigmatized or ideologically extreme. This has consequences for the current understanding of gender gaps in voting, and reiterates that voting has important social aspects.

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Lestari, Dian Trianita, Iriyani Astuti Arief et Shinta Arjunita Saputri. « Voter Behaviour of Local Community in Indonesia : Evidence from The Ambaipua Village Community in Regional Head Elections of South Konawe 2020 ». Resolusi : Jurnal Sosial Politik 4, n^o 2 (25 décembre 2021) : 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/resolusi.v4i2.2272.

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The research aims to determine and analyze the voter behavior of the Ambaipua Village community in regional head elections of South Konawe in 2020. This research uses political participation and voter behavior concept to see what underlying the community in determining the choice of their regional head, whether influenced by sociological, psychological or rational aspects. The data collection techniques used were interviews, literature studies and documentation. The results showed that the voting pattern of the Ambaipua Village community could be understood from three approaches, namely sociology, psychology and rational. A sociological approach in which the majority of informants stated that the religious aspect greatly affects who the candidate will be elected, that they will choose a candidate who has the same belief/religion. Meanwhile, from the psychological approach, it was found that the informants were not influenced by the political parties carrying the regional head candidates, but the majority would choose the incumbent with the assumption that they had succeeded in developing the region in the previous period. On the other hand, the rational approach was seen from the tendency of informants to choose candidate who have good political experience. Based on the results by the writers, it can be concluded that the sociological approach especially religion is more prominent than the other two approaches. This is because religious knowledge will have a great influence on aspects of people's lives, including their political choices.

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Panchuk, Maryna. « THE RELEVANCE OF THE LIBERAL IDEA IN UKRAINE : THE EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES ». Intermarum history policy culture, n^o 10 (30 juin 2022) : 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112028.

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This study aims to highlight and analyze the liberal principles in the context of Ukrainian political parties’ activities in the early XXth century, clarifying the conditions under which the liberal idea found its expression in the Ukrainian reality of the time. The research methodology comprises general scientific methods (program document analysis, generalizations, systematic approach) as well as special-historical methods, in particular historical-genetic, anthropological, and comparative analyses. The scientific novelty is found in the role and significance of the liberal idea in the formation of Ukrainian political thought, which led to the emergence and development of political concepts that served as the foundation for various parties’ activities on the main stages of statehood. Conclusions. The liberal idea in Ukraine has undergone several stages of development, finding expression in the programs of newly formed Ukrainian parties and serving as a response to the challenges of political life and the requirements of progressive intellectuals in the early XXth century. The implementation of liberalism in the Ukrainian political sphere was also unique in that it was combined with socialist demands and the struggle for Ukrainian national rights. During the Ukrainian National Revolution and the establishment of Ukrainian statehood in 1917–1921, liberal ideas, manifested in a number of democratic demands, were renewed. Even though the liberal doctrine does not receive widespread support in Ukraine, we believe that combining elements that stimulate private initiative and the formation of civil society with moderate and well-defined state regulation can help Ukraine progress. Further research is required in order to study the psychological, cultural and mental aspects of the rejection of liberalism in its "pure" form, as well as the current political field of Ukraine and the presentation of liberal elements in the activities of Ukrainian governments, especially after 2004.

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Atapin, Evgenii. « Evolution of British Euroscepticism in the Second Half of the 20th Century ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n^o 5 (décembre 2022) : 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.13.

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Introduction. The United Kingdom is the most prominent example of a Eurosceptic country in the EU. For many years the United Kingdom did not feel a part of Europe. Great Britain was geographically separated from continental Europe and psychologically distant from the European integration movement established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The British Eurosceptic tradition rested on these geographic and psychological characteristics. Eurosceptic traditions included political, economic, linguistic, cultural and historical aspects that made it difficult for the United Kingdom to accept European integration. Methods and materials. The research methodology is based on narrative and comparative methods. The materials of the study incorporate statements of certain British politicians about attitudes towards European integration, works devoted to the analysis of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom and manifestos of some far-right political parties. Analysis. A study of the attitude to European integration of the two main political forces of Great Britain, namely the Conservative and the Labour Parties, in the second half of the 20th century is carried out. Results. The study results in the creation of a periodization of British Euroscepticism in the second half of the 20th century. Three stages of evolution of British Euroscepticism in the period under study are distinguished: 1) the stage preceding the entry of Great Britain into the European Communities, conventionally called “Labour”; 2) the stage of the United Kingdom’s participation in the “common market”, conventionally called “Conservative”; 3) the stage of Britain’s participation in the European Union, conventionally called “Right-wing populist”. Their chronological framework is established and their main characteristics are given.

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Tolochko, Aleksandr V., et Sergei S. Fomenko. « FEATURES OF IMAGE STRATEGIES OF LEADERS OF SYSTEMIC POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE MODERN RUSSIA ». RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, n^o 3 (2022) : 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2022-3-129-140.

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The article examines the issues associated with the peculiarities of image strategies of leaders of systemic political parties in modern Russia. Particular attention is paid to the statement that elections play a crucial role in any modern state that calls its political regime democratic. The Russian Federation is among the democratic models of the state is the Russian Federation, which constitutionally enshrines electoral procedures for the election of power institutions. At the same time, it is justified that electoral processes can take place in countries with other political regimes, and most often occur in conditions of limited freedom, police pressure, threats to employees from the employer, fear of the population against repressive actions of the state, and so on. Holding elections in such conditions takes on a decorative nature and cannot be recognized as legitimate. The authors suggest that the realization of the possibility of determining popular will depends on many factors, the main of which are the high level of political culture of citizens and a strong civil society capable of protecting its rights. That is why the holding of free, competitive and regular elections is the most important aspect of the socio-political life of the population of democratic countries. They also describe specifics in proclamations of the political organizations leaders, the goals they set to solve issues in the country and society, the creation and manipulation of certain images forming socio-psychological conditions that can shape a certain information space and evoke an emotional response that encourages the voter to electoral action.

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Suwardi, Suwardi, et Azis Budiyanto. « Abstentions Phenomenon (Golput) Direct Local Election ». Jurnal Bina Praja 12, n^o 2 (16 décembre 2020) : 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.12.2020.203-212.

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The phenomenon of the "Golput" occurs in each election fluctuation, sometimes up and down, sometimes influenced by various factors. This research uses the literature study method by summarizing some documentation related to Indonesia's phenomenon of abstentions. Factors that cause voters not to give their voting rights are political, ideological, and identity factors. But abstentions can also be influenced by an improperly organized election system. From the results of this study, someone behaves abstentions from the technical aspects due to voters' technical constraints. It prevents them from exercising their right to vote, for example, having other activities at the same time on election day so they cannot come to the voting place. Golput is a person's attachment to voting in the general election process based on psychological factors, sociological factors, and rational voter factors. On the political aspect, abstentions have reasons such as distrust of the party, and candidates do not believe in a better chance. Meanwhile, if viewed from one aspect, identity can see based on religion, education level, age, gender, etc. In terms of faith, a person decides to abstain because party is expected not to be elected as a candidate. For example, Christian tends not to choose a party that carries Islam, such as the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), the United Development Party (PPP), and others. In contrast, most nationalist candidates or political parties are considered less representative to accommodate their aspirations. Then abstentions will be the final choice taken.

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Kelemen, László, Zsolt Péter Szabó, Noémi Zsuzsanna Mészáros, János László et Josef P. Forgas. « Social Cognition and Democracy : The Relationship Between System Justification, Just World Beliefs, Authoritarianism, Need for Closure, and Need for Cognition in Hungary ». Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, n^o 1 (30 septembre 2014) : 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.208.

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This research was aimed at examining just-world beliefs, system justification, authoritarianism, and cognitive style in a nationally representative sample (N = 1000) in Hungary, and at relating these phenomena to various demographic and political variables to find out whether the findings in Hungary would differ from its Western counterparts. According to system justification theory, there is a psychological motive to defend and justify the status quo. This theory has been tested several times in North American and Western European samples. The core finding of our study was that Hungarian people, unlike people in Western democracies, did not justify the existing establishment. There was strong pessimism with regard to the idea that the system serves the interests of the people. Members of disadvantaged groups (people with low economic income and/or far right political preference) strongly rejected the system. System justification beliefs were moderately related to just world beliefs, and there was a significant relationship between some aspects of need for closure (need for order, discomfort with ambiguity, and closed-mindedness) and authoritarian beliefs. Need for cognition was only related to one aspect of need for closure: closed-mindedness. The voters of right-wing parties did not display higher levels of authoritarianism than the voters of the left social-democrat party. The role of demographic and political variables, limitations, and possible developments of this research are discussed.

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Poplavskyy, Oleh, Volodymyr Sarychev et Oleh Levin. « Socio-economic and informationcommunication aspects of the military confrontation between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the "Second Karabakh War" ». Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, n^o 1 (29 mars 2021) : 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2021-1-61-71.

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In the article the author examines the features of the information confrontation between Azerbaijan and Armenia during the "second Karabakh war", identifies the correlation between the socioeconomic potential of countries and the possibilities of application of information and communication technologies as a strategic resource for each of the parties to the military conflict. For comparison, we also used facts about Ukraine, Belarus and the Russian Federation, as countries of Eastern Europe region, which are in a similar state of military-political and socio-economic instability. The content and forms of information confrontation as a rivalry between countries in the information and communication sphere due to the desire to influence the formation of public opinion of the population, the level of national identity, the nature of social relations in the adjacent territory are revealed. Against the backdrop of the dynamics of the armed confrontation between the countries, specific forms of using information and communication technologies as one of the most effective means of warfare were analyzed, and the effectiveness of information and psychological operations in solving and escalating a military conflict was determined. The features of information war with using communication technologies as the aim of strenothening morale of their army and consolidation the moral and political potential of the people are characterized. Based on the analysis of the armed confrontation, we made conclusions that, in modern conditions, each of the countries, which are in a state of military, political and social instability must develop their own strategies for preventing military conflicts. Such strategies should take into consideration external threats, the existing economic potential, the possibilities of storing and disseminating of official information in peacetime, as well as the experience of effective government regulation of the practice of using the media and network technologies during an aggravation of the military situation. Based on the results of our research, a number of practical recommendations were formulated regarding the directions of the formation and development of information and communication technologies, which are used to protect the information space of the country and counteraction the unwanted influence of the enemy. The importance of the results obtained is substantiated for understanding the nature, tools and methods of modern information and psychological wars, as well as for the implementation of an effective state policy of countering the negative propaganda influence of the enemy in situation of active and large-scale information confrontation.

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Bogomilova, Nonka. « A philosophical approach to the 'religion - national mythology' synthesis ». Filozofija i drustvo 20, n^o 3 (2009) : 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0903083b.

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The paper analyses the philosophical aspects of the 'religion - national mythology' synthesis. The main directions of the study are as follows: 1. Both on the individual and social plan, the orientation of the transcending universalizing power of religion could vary depending on the macro-social movements a community /or an individual/ is involved in. For the individual as for the community, religion could be a cultural position transcending ego and ethno-centrism, mono-cultural tendencies; in situations of internal differentiation and disintegration of these entities, the universalizing binding role of religion is partialized and determined by various social groups, who are often in opposition to each other due to their economic political, ethnic, psychological features; 2. This process is usually related to the invalidation of universally uniting religious-moral bonds and values and intensification of differences: power, property, doctrinal differences to a shift of the weight center from internal spiritual movements /particularly typical of mysticism, asceticism, priesthood/ on to practical social action - reformist heresies, the various practical theologies of revolution, liberation, the religious-motivated wars; 3. When reduced to an ethnic, political, or state emblem, religious affiliation to Judaism, Islam Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism has become and still remain a tool for the sacralization of military and political conflicts. In religion-motivated conflict situations, opposing parties de-sacralize their Sacred Books as their acts contradict the books' moral content; 4. The power of historical mythologies is in reverse proportion to the capacity of a nation to periodically renew its social life world - its psychological attitudes labour relations, political stereotypes; 5. In this type of situation religion is usually reduced to 'belonging', as G. Davie put it, at the expense of 'believing' and a corresponding moral behavior. The religious universe becomes thus subordinated to partial group values, instead of standing above them.

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Danilaev, D. P., et N. N. Malivanov. « The Technology Education System Staffing : Problems and Solutions ». Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 30, n^o 1 (28 janvier 2021) : 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-1-60-72.

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The strategic objective of modern technological education is to prepare children for life in a high-tech competitive world. The implementation of this task encounters the problems of material and technical equipment of educational institutions and their staffing. An integrated approach based on the pooling of all resources and efforts of interested parties is needed to organize a technological education modern system. Training programs for teachers should take into account their interdisciplinary nature, and include the psychological, pedagogical, and natural-science components, so as technical aspects. The important segment of technology education is training of technical specialists without pedagogical background to work at schools and universities, as well as training of school teachers and university lectures based on the modern technological order. In this regard, a new look at the IGIP programs is possible, these program goals and objectives interpretation should be applied to the teacher training within the system of high-school technological education.The article considers the approaches to solving the problems of high-school technological education system staffing, presents the comparative analysis of the current educational programs. The experience in training technical university teachers, masters of industrial instruction, technology teachers should be adjusted in accordance with the global changes in science, technique and technology.

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Vykhodets, R. S., et K. A. Pantserev. « Comparative Analysis of Modern Concepts of Information Warfare ». EURASIAN INTEGRATION : economics, law, politics, n^o 4 (23 décembre 2022) : 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2022-04-139-148.

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This study is devoted to the comparative analysis of the subject fields of the main modern concepts of information and psychological warfare.Aim. To identify the features of the subject fields of the main modern concepts of information and psychological warfare.Tasks. To analyze the main modern concepts of information and psychological warfare: information war, network war, network-centric war, mental warfare; determine their essential characteristics and identify the features of subject fields.Methods. During the research, both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, analogy) and special methods were by the authors in order to solve scientific problems: content analysis, comparative analysis, critical discourse analysis.Results. The study showed that the term “information warfare” has appeared in a report commissioned by the US Department of Defense. Further, this concept was actively operated by American military experts involved in the development and planning of various types of military operations. The attitude to this term in scientific circles is ambiguous. In the scientific literature, one can find a large number of definitions explaining this phenomenon, which indicates the ongoing discussions in the scientific world about the sense of the “information war” as the phenomena.Often this term is replaced by the term “information and psychological warfare”, which should be understood as such a relationship between states in which one of the opposing parties, in order to expand its zone of influence and eliminate potential competitors, resorts to active covert influence on the information sphere of its opponent, aimed at creating conditions for making favorable decisions for one or the other state in military, political, economic and other fields.Conclusions. The authors come to the conclusion that the theory of information warfare should be considered as an area of scientific research aimed at understanding the use of advanced technologies in interstate confrontation which causes fundamental changes in the forms, principles and means of conflicts in the information age. Currently, the theory of information warfare has been differentiated and developed in a number of original concepts that focus on various aspects of confrontation in the information environment and the use of ICT in military confrontation.

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Belinskii, A. V., et M. V. Khorol’skaya. « ‘Another brick in the wall’. On the origins of nationalism in the ‘new’ federal states of Germany ». Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 13, n^o 2 (28 juillet 2021) : 87–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-2-87-125.

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A relatively broad support enjoyed by the populist and nationalist parties and movements (AfD, National Democratic Party of Germany, PEGIDA), as well as a higher rate of hate crimes in the eastern part of the Federal Republic of Germany raise a question on the nature of nationalism in this region. The present paper examines the causes of widespread xenophobic and nationalist sentiments in the ‘new’ federal states. To this end, the authors address a wide range of social-political and psychological factors, focusing on the historical roots and causes of the recent rise of nationalism in East Germany. Particularly, the authors show that the right-wing parties took advantage of popular frustration caused by the collapse of the East German economy after the country’s reuniﬁcation and massive unemployment by putting all the blame on migrants. Nevertheless, the causes of growing xenophobia in East Germany were far from being solely economic. For example, the authors underline the role of the politics of memory in the GDR and primarily the approaches of its leaders to the issues of the Nazi past and their attempts to draw on the country’s history to shape a new national identity. However, the failure of the state to provide an unbiased view on the national history, rigid oﬃcial ideology and its alienation from the popular demands have led to the growing nationalism in the GDR. Besides, a number of other aspects is pointed out which have also fostered xenophobic sentiments in this part of the country. Unlike West Germany which started to accept labour migrants from Italy, Turkey and Yugoslavia back in 1950s, the GDR saw few foreigners and contacts between them and local population were limited. As a result, the paper not only helps to create a more detailed image of the East German nationalism but also to identify the underlying causes of the growing popularity of right-wing populist parties and movements in the FRG, most notably, the unﬁnished process of the country’s reuniﬁcation and structural imbalances between the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ federal states.

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Khmelnykov, A. « LOCAL POLITICAL MANAGEMENT AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY : UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN PERSPECTIVES ». National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, n^o 3(55) (21 décembre 2022) : 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2022.3(55).269559.

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The article is devoted to the study of local political management, which is one of the key concepts of the newest branch of modern political science. The purpose of the research is to identify common and distinctive features between the phenomena of local political management and leadership in Western and Eastern political traditions. The difference between local political management and public governance and administration is characterized. It was emphasized that the need for democratic coordination of political interests, dialogue between the community and the government is quite acute for modern Ukraine. The institutionalization of local political parties and movements, the formation of a full-fledged local political agenda, the system of local public political discussions are analyzed. The significance of the political aspect of the leadership of the local community is revealed, which consists in the possibilities of changing the political situation at the local level. It was found that the decisive factor is the ability and capacity of citizens to accept the leadership of the leader. It was found that the political leader of the local community performs a political and selective function: he distinguishes between secondary and urgent needs of the community. It has been proven that party local elections are a prerequisite for victory at the national level. It has been established that in the conditions of modern Ukraine, the informal affiliation of public communities to party structures is of great importance. It is assumed that the restructuring of the domestic party system will be carried out only after the victory of our state in the dramatic liberation contests, which have been ongoing since February 2022. It was found that the brand of a powerful and successful party association provides a channel of communication with politically engaged citizens. It has been established that the modern leader of the local community, both in stable democracies and in transformational states, must possess the "art" of influencing the audience both personally and through the mediation of the media. The conditions of political competition and their influence on the relationship between the leader and the community are considered. The specifics of personal cases of the development of local political leaders in Ukraine are indicated. It was concluded that the connection between political groups and specific individuals requires the presence of psychological will-power bases to ensure a certain vector of transformations. It is substantiated that local political leadership and political management are integral parts of political mechanisms of strategic community development in both Eastern and Western political traditions.

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DROZDOVA, Iryna, et Halyna IVANYSHYN. « FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF NON-LINGUAL SPECIALTIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ». Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section : Pedagogical Sciences 12 (2022) : 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2522-1477-2022-12-45-52.

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The article examines the modern psycholinguistic approach to language and speech, systematizes and summarizes the features of the process of generating foreign language professional activity of students of non-linguistic specialties of higher education institutions. It was established that the implementation of the main principles of the psycholinguistic approach to the organization of the educational process for the generation of foreign language professional activity of students of non-language specialties in higher education institutions contributes to ensuring the functioning of students' speech mechanisms in the conditions of unprepared foreign language professional communication. It is noted that the psycholinguistic approach to language training requires three aspects of language processes: psychophysiological, neurophysiological and psychological. All these three parties are organically connected with each other and are in close interaction in the process of the most complex higher form of human psychological activity, particularly in speech. The implementation of the three main principles of the psycholinguistic approach to the organization of the educational process for the generation of foreign language professional activity of students contributes to the inclusion of speech mechanisms that the student possesses on the basis of his native language, but is already correlated with the foreign language that is studied. It was established that the teaching of foreign languages with a professional purpose is considered in such aspects as interconnected learning of all types of speech activity, language learning through the cultural-historical prism of knowledge, political nature and national culture, as well as a method that combines linguistic, communicative and activity characteristics of the communication process. The effective conditions for teaching foreign language professional speech of non-philology students of higher education institutions are characterized, particularly, in the clarification of the content of the foreign language professional speech training course in the modern conditions of the development of educational processes in higher education in accordance with the requirements of society and the labor market, the implementation of psycholinguistic principles and the direction of strategies and tactics for teaching professional speech by means of foreign language language for the development of linguistic and professional competences of future specialists as the main components, which allows to form the speaking personality of a modern specialist. Therefore, the development of a complete socially adapted modern human personality is now dominant and determines the content of professional education by means of a foreign language. Key words: the process of generating foreign language professional activity of students, psycholinguistic approach, unprepared speech; aspects of teaching foreign languages with a professional purpose, effective conditions of foreign language professional speech.

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Fomina, Oksana. « Relationship between an advocate and a client : foreign experience ». Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, n^o 2 (10 août 2020) : 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.56.

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Relationship between the advocate and the client is a set of interrelated rights and obligations, guarantees and responsibilities.Taking into account the current political trends in the state, it can be noted that one of the most common ways of reforming nationalinstitutions is studying their activity in foreign countries. Thus, in order to find ways to improve the relationship between the advocateand the client under the agreement on the provision of legal assistance, we propose to examine the peculiarities of these relations insuch foreign countries as England, Germany, France and Poland. To ensure the consistency of the study, we propose to use certain criteria,such as: legal regulation of relations, name of the contract on the basis of which legal assistance is provided, names that are usedto the parties of the contract, list of their rights and obligations, types of responsibilities and peculiarities of payment for the advocate’sactivity.The urgency of the selected issues is confirmed by the fact that some of its aspects were examined in the scientific writings ofsuch scientists and practitioners as: N. Bakayanova, A. Biryukova, T. Varfolomeeva, T. Vilchyk, S. Fursa, and others.Studying the foreign experience of relationship between the advocate and the client indicates that there are both common and distinctfeatures. The distinguishing features include such as: presence of several types of professions engaged in the advocate activity;compulsory professional insurance; possibility of settling a dispute between the advocate and the client outside the disciplinary proceedings;admissibility of using the success fee.The point of view on the impossibility of introducing compulsory professional insurance for national advocate in the current contextis justified. The idea about advocate`s file, which has recommended character, is examined.The definition of the concept of “trust between the lawyer and the client” is proposed as a result of the actions of the advocateand the client, which depends on the moral-psychological, personal and professional qualities of the advocate and the moral-psychologicaland personal qualities of the client, and finds a manifestation in the special psychological climate of the relationship which promotesthe quality of the order execution.

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AL-OBAIDI, Bushra Salman Hussain. « THE CRIME OF FORCED MARRIAGE A STUDY FROM A LEGAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE ». RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, n^o 05 (1 juin 2021) : 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.5-3.6.

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Forced marriage is a form of marriage that takes place without the consent of the parties, or is done under coercion by one of the parties to the contract. The difference revolves around between compulsory marriage and regular marriage, as the latter depends on the agreement and consent of the parties to the contract, and with the consent of the parents of both parties. As for forced marriage, it obligates one or both parties to the contract to accept, even if it is necessary to use psychological pressure or physical violence. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the rate of forced marriage, which has reached more than 20 percent, according to statistics from personal status courts, while the percentage of victims of these marriages is more than 40 percent of women, indicating that most divorce cases are among young people who were forced to marry before reaching the legal age. The phenomenon was very small during the nineties, but it increased significantly after the US occupation of Iraq in 2003. There are legal treatments for the phenomenon, through declarations, the agreements that Iraq joined or ratified, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Covenant on Civil, Political and Social Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence and Discrimination against Women, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, all of which contain texts stating not to be forced into marriage. Forced for whatever reason. The problem lies in the failure to criminalize the perpetrators of forced marriage by the penal laws and legislations. The Iraqi Penal Code of 1969 did not include any criminalization of it, but the Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959 mentioned the penalty of imprisonment for the person who is forced to marry if he is the relative of the victim of the first degree, and imprisonment for a period Not more than 10 years, if otherwise. One of the most common types of forced marriage is reciprocal, or by presenting a woman as a substitute for the dowry, whether it is a sister or a daughter, and there is another type of marriage, which is a blood allowance, that is to offer a woman as compensation for the harm that befell the other clan in the event that one of her clan members kills One of the members of that clan, and there is a gift marriage, and such marriages had receded. There is kidnapping marriage, which is widespread in one of the sects and is criminalized by the Penal Code with life imprisonment for its perpetrator. In addition to the problem of marriage outside the courts with the approval of a cleric, and this matter is not related to individual cases, but in tens of thousands of cases throughout the country. About 9,800 cases of marriage outside the courts were recorded in Baghdad alone during 2017, according to Judicial Council numbers, while about 59,000 were registered. A situation throughout Iraq, with the exception of the Kurdistan region, a large part of which is the marriage of minors (under the legal age) whose families want to impose a fait accompli on the courts. From all the foregoing, it becomes clear how important the research topic is, as it affects the human rights and freedoms of girls and women and negatively affects the family and society, and thus the security and community peace. The research aims to include detailed texts in the Personal Status Law that include all forms of forced marriage and its material, moral and psychological aspects and all parties and persons in the forced marriage process or the reason for its occurrence and the various cases of its occurrence, as well as addressing legislative contradictions and mitigating or exempting excuses stipulated in the Penal Code, which allow For the perpetrators with impunity. And that the forms of the crime of forced marriage are included with its provisions in the penal code and not in the personal status law, and heavy penalties are imposed on the perpetrators, and that the degree of relationship of the perpetrator to the victim is a reason for the severity of the punishment and not to reduce it, so that the closer the degree, the more severe the punishment

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Shakhbanova, M. M. « INTER-ETHNIC TENSION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT : CONTENT, FORMING FACTORS, TYPOLOGY ». History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, n^o 1 (15 février 2017) : 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch131154-167.

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In modern Russian society, there take place the processes of cardinal transformation of socio-economic, political, spiritual and other spheres of its functioning. This fact conditions an urgent need to study risks and threats to preservation of social stability, sustainable development, strengthening of ties and relations in the Russian society. This aspect is especially important in multinational subjects of Russia, which differ in national heterogeneity of the population, degree of socio-economic development of the territories, variability of ethno-cultural norms and value patterns of social life. The article deals with vital and complex issues related to the phenomenon of “interethnic tension” and ethnic conflicts existing in modern national and foreign science, theoretical and methodological approaches to their study, classification criteria, various concepts of the causes and typologies of these phenomena. The author of the article presents classification of interethnic conflicts according to their stages or forms, to the nature of conflicting parties, which makes it possible to single out conflicts of “psychological stereotypes”, “ideological doctrines”, “political institutions”. In the study of the phenomenon of “interethnic tension”, it is important to establish risks and reasons for deterioration of interethnic relations in multinational administrative entities, the role of the factor of ethnic heterogeneity in the emergence of ethnic conflicts in modern Russian society. National diversity is fraught with various negative consequences, risk of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts as polyethnic communities are more at risk of their appearance than mono-national ones.

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Kudryashov, Igor A., et Anastasia A. Buryanova. « http://philjournal.ru/vypuski/arkhiv-nomerov/section.php?ELEMENT_ID=2286 ». Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, n^o 3 (25 septembre 2022) : 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-117-130.

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In the format of this study – based on the material of publications from the weekly magazine «Expert» – the functional similarity of the news and reportage genres is recorded and analyzed. When analyzing news and reportage texts, the following aspects are taken into account: (1) the journalist’s illocutionary purpose; (2) the specifics of the text production and interpretation, as well as the author and addressee’s social roles; (3) rhetorical architectonics and text composition; (4) genre typology of texts; (5) text interpretation strategies used by the addressee. The collected body of factual material was divided into two groups of texts. The basis for the differentiation of texts was such a parameter as the dominant / peripheral coverage of facts of a news nature. It is established that the texts of the first group show the characteristics of the news or reportage genre, the aspect of news coverage of the actual fact is explicitly present (the history of the formation of the fact on the time axis, its dynamic or static nature, the reactions of representatives of various social organizations or political parties to this fact, the consequences of the actual event are traced). It is noted that reports reflecting a point of view on a fact or psychological reports are generated regardless of the facts that are relevant for coverage at the moment: the first type of texts is formed on the basis of data from interviews with experts in the covered issues, the second type – with famous personalities belonging to the creative workshop. The last position in this group of texts is occupied by reports covering the actual fact, which are often difficult to distinguish from news texts. These texts were attributed to the genre of reportage on the grounds that they do not contain an impartial narrative about the facts that have just happened, but the publication of information that has previously been analyzed and structured by the journalist. The second group is formed by texts that belong to genres that reflect a more universal theme, and therefore are less related to the coverage of actual facts of everyday reality. It is concluded that the reportage-news continuum is also preserved in these texts.

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Yusoff, Wan Zahari Wan, et Ezhwan Nur Arshad. « Measuring the Quality of Life Felda Residents in Iskandar Malaysia Based on Perception of Quality of Life Index ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 6, n^o 3 (15 octobre 2013) : 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v6i3.722.

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Quality of life is a change in the society from a state that is considered unsatisfactory to a better condition which includes not only economic development but also involves various aspects such as social, psychological, cultural, political and environmental. The success of a placement can be measured by the improvement in the quality of life of the local residents. Iskandar Malaysia (IM) is a rapidly growing and developing area of which they are expected to contribute to the lives betterment of people in the economy and in the surrounding area as stated in the Comprehensive Development Plan for South Johor Economic Region. The question arises to what extent the IM development projects beneficial to the survival of the residents in the area as well to help improve the quality of life of the local residents in line with the current rapid development being carried out. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the quality of life of Felda residents in Iskandar Malaysia using quality of life perception index. The research focused on the Felda population in Iskandar Malaysia based on the justification that they are the group of people who receive the most significant impact on the development of IM in the process of land acquisition and loss of shelter and habitat for future employment with the expectations of receiving a better life. IM perception Quality of life measurement model is determined based on the Malaysian Quality of Life Index. In addition, the measurement of quality of life through perception model was constructed to solicit comments from the locals. The research methodology is through the collection of primary data and secondary data from surveys and interviews and collecting data from the relevant agencies. The data were analyzed and the results showed that the quality of life of Felda residents in IM at moderate levels. Only two components are achieved at the satisfactory level namely transportation and housing.Â This study hopes to benefit the related parties who involve in the policy making in reviewing the existing policy towards a better development which will subsequently increase the level of quality of life of the local and native residents in IM.

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Camagni, Roberto. « The City of Business : the Functional, the Relational-Cognitive and the Hierarchical-Distributive Approach ». Quality Innovation Prosperity 21, n^o 1 (30 avril 2017) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v21i1.818.

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Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to highlight some limits of the traditional theoretical interpretation of the relationships between the city and economic activities. This interpretation usually makes reference to two elements: agglomeration economies, cumulatively generating gains in efficiency and consequently in competitiveness and attractiveness and external connectivity, linked to multiple networks of both physical and immaterial nature. This approach, mainly functional and geographical, nowadays looks quite reductionist and overlooks crucial aspects of the urban realm that explain urban economic success The first aspect concerns the social and cultural nature of the main inter-personal and inter-institutional relationships taking place inside the city, conducive to crucial processes of cooperation, collective learning, creativity and innovation. In addition to this, the growing concentration on (mainly large) cities of command and control functions which not only witnesses the presence of their political power – underlined by a growing literature in geography and political science – but also widely determines income distribution in space, at the local, national and global scale. The functional interpretation of the city should be complemented by a relational-cognitive and hierarchical-distributive approach. The latter one is particularly interesting for the interpretation of the development of ‘monopolistic’ cities which operate on economic functions in which they can benefit from a captive market: capital cities and art cities in particular.Methodology/Approach: While the first part of the paper is mainly theoretical, it presents also an empirical side in the second issue, namely the destiny of medium-sized cities. The last section of the paper concerns a logical turnaround: ‘cities as businesses’ where high surpluses are generated in the real estate field, taking advantage of the economic success of the cities themselves and appropriating a consistent share of the generated profits in the form of land rents.Findings: The traditional view is that medium-sized cities cannot take full advantage of agglomeration economies and therefore will necessarily show lower growth rates in the long term. This paper argues against this view, on both theoretical and empirical grounds, looking at the evidence of European cities in the last twenty years. In many countries, this process should be more appropriately taxed in order to allow sustainable and socially equilibrated development: a fairer sharing of these surplus-values between private and public parties is justified by the collective nature of urban externalities.Originality/Value of paper: The implications of the arguments presented here are relevant on both the interpretative and policy ground. The sources of urban economic success are not linked only to functional or efficiency elements but also to cultural-psychological and to power elements. The former ones require subtler policy strategies and the latter more appropriate policy tools oriented towards the widely ignored challenge of income distribution in space.

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Bilobrovets, Olga. « THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE AND POLAND : CHANGING APPROACHES AND DISCOURSE ». Intermarum history policy culture, n^o 9 (25 décembre 2021) : 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112014.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the research on the First World War, specifically focusing on changing topics and new discourses, clarifying the place and role of the Great War in the historical memory of Ukrainian and Polish peoples over the centuries and analyzing the means of its actualization and memorialization. The research methodology is based on comparative studies aiming to shed light on convergence and divergence in the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine and Poland over the past hundred years. The historical-analytical method is employed to characterize the Ukrainian and Polish historiography on the Great War and analyze the information space to identify current trends in representing war events, new discourses, and commemorative practices. The scientific novelty. The study highlights new approaches to the study of the First World War by historians and demonstrates the growth of its role and importance in the historical memory of Ukraine and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. Conclusions. The First World War, though being an epoch-making event in the history of mankind for decades, was considered a "forgotten" war and received little attention in the historical research of Ukrainian and Polish scholars. In Soviet historiography, it was positioned as the war of the imperialists and did not arouse much interest. Polish historians mainly focused on studying the solution to the Polish issue during the war, the activities of Polish socialist political parties, and the revival of Polish statehood. Only in the late 90's of the twentieth century, a number of studies on the Great War appeared in Poland and Ukraine, with topics of research and discourses revealing such global phenomena as refugees, showing economic, social, and cultural aspects of the war, clarifying the personal, emotional, and psychological level of its perception by the population of warring countries. On the 100th anniversary of the beginning and end of the Great War, the popularization of knowledge about the war was intensified through the creation of special programs, documentaries and feature films, a series of interviews, TV and radio programs with famous historians discussing the main events and consequences of the war, reflecting on its lessons and prevention of future military conflicts. In Poland, the jubilee anniversaries of the war facilitated the resumption of activities to perpetuate the memory of the war participants through the installation of monuments, memorials, and the creation of museum exhibits.

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Gaina, Viktorija, Girts Dimdins, Ivars Austers, Inese Muzikante et Veronika Leja. « Testing a Psychological Model of Political Trust ». International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society 11, n^o 3 (juillet 2020) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseus.2020070101.

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The article examined the predictors of political trust and distrust in the context of a new democracy. Latvia regained its independence from the Soviet Union 25 years ago, and its political culture differs from traditional Western democracies by high voter volatility, low ideological constraint, and low political trust. The study tested how perceived characteristics of politicians, political parties and institutions, perception of socio-economic factors, and individual characteristics of respondents predicted the reported political trust in political parties and specific politicians. The results show that different considerations used when people think about trust in political parties vs. politicians. When political parties evaluated, the perceived benevolence predicted trust in the political party. When politicians evaluated, the strongest predictor was the perceived integrity. The findings illustrate the complex nature of political trust, showing that the predictors of reported political trust can change depending on the specific political context.

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Danilov, M. V., et O. N. Kurenkova. « Political Aspects of Labor Relations in Russia : Political Parties Positions ». Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series : Sociology. Politology 13, n^o 4 (2013) : 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2013-13-4-71-77.

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Sotelo, María José, et Jose Luis Sangrador. « Psychological Aspects of Political Tolerance among Adolescents ». Psychological Reports 81, n^o 3_suppl (décembre 1997) : 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3f.1279.

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This study concerns 273 Spanish adolescents, aged between 14 and 17, 125 boys and 148 girls. The measured variables were political tolerance, liking for several groups, political experience, cognitive moral reasoning, support for democratic norms, support for violent groups, identification with a group of friends, identification with a religious group, and identification with a soccer team. The objectives of this work were (a) to establish groups of adolescents based on the relationship between their willingness to extend rights to several groups and their liking of these groups, (b) to know the personality characteristics of tolerant and intolerant adolescents, and (c) to set up correlations between age and total tolerance, total liking, and the variables correlated with tolerance. The main findings are that older and younger adolescents belong to different groups, with respect to tolerance, and something similar can be said about boys and girls. Intolerant adolescents perceive themselves as anxious, insecure, solitary, and obstinate. Significant positive correlations between age and political experience, rated support for democratic norms and ratings for identification with a group of friends were found. On the contrary, there were significant negative correlations between age and rated support for violent groups, identification with a religious group, and identification with a soccer team.

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ERNST, CÉCILE. « PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL PROCREATION ». "International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family" 3, n^o 1 (1989) : 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/3.1.89.

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Korchak, Nataliia, et Yaroslav Korchak. « Legal aspects of preventing and combating political corruption in Ukraine ». Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 13, n^o 1 (2021) : 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2021/13-4/9.

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The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study political corruption as a phenomenon of social life in terms of legal aspects of its prevention and counteraction. The content of the publication is determined by the specifics of the subject of research and reflects the interdisciplinary approach to the disclosure of the topic. The article presents a comprehensive study of political, managerial and legal aspects of understanding political corruption. Emphasis is placed on the essence (nature) of political corruption as a phenomenon of the political process, and therefore - on the lack of a common conceptual understanding of the concept of "political corruption". It is emphasized that the concepts of "corruption" and "political corruption" are not identical in content or legal characteristics. The political aspect of corruption is an insufficient basis for extending the legal signs of corruption to actions that have signs of political corruption. It is argued that the task of legal science is to identify the causes, establish the preconditions and find the most effective measures to prevent and specify the means of combating political corruption. It is established that, unlike corrupt acts, types of behavior in the field of political corruption are not covered by legal liability measures. This is due to the lack of legal definition of "political corruption" in the current legislation. However, within the framework of normative regulation of relations in the field of state funding of political parties, a legal mechanism for preventing political corruption in Ukraine has been formed and operates. This led to the conclusion that due to the establishment of requirements and restrictions on the financing of political parties, the introduction of transparency and accountability of political parties and election campaigns, the legislator launched state control over the finances of political parties represented by the National Agency for Prevention of Corruption and to administrative or criminal liability for the relevant offenses. In view of this, emphasis is placed on the importance of understanding the legal aspects of political corruption, influencing political parties through finances, strengthening the financial discipline of political parties, improving the system of state control over the financing of political parties, and ensuring responsibility for violations in political financing. The scientific novelty of the article is the legal analysis of actions in the field of political corruption in terms of the introduction of legal mechanisms to prevent its manifestations. The practical significance of the article is related to the possibility of further use of its materials in the educational process, conducting interdisciplinary research on the phenomenon of political corruption and forming proposals for improving the legislative mechanisms of state control over the financial activities of political parties.

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Касибина et Mariya Kasibina. « PARTICIPATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS : CURRENT ASPECTS OF COMPETITIVENESS ». Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 10, n^o 3 (29 mai 2015) : 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11681.

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The article discusses some problematic aspects of interdependence of elections and institution of political parties. The absence of the rivalry of equal parties - opponents in the election campaign in the political sphere of the Russian society is pointed out. The importance of open competition of the parties in elections is analyzed. The importance of effective positive image of the political party and its ability to organize the promotion of elections is noted. The necessity of changes in the electoral legislation regarding the establishment of equal conditions for all political forces, particular in the elections is substantiated

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Emelyanova, Tatyana P., et Tatyana V. Semenova. « SOCIAL FEELING OF YOUTH : PSYCHOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS ». Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда 6, n^o 4 (2021) : 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_21_4_004.

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Xian, Rachel. « Conditioning Constructs : A Psychological Theory of International Negotiated Cooperation ». International Negotiation 26, n^o 2 (5 avril 2021) : 319–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-bja10025.

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Abstract Political psychology and social constructivism exist in an “ideational alliance” against realism; however, both have overlooked behavioral conditioning, the basis of animal learning. Through six stages situated in international negotiation behaviors, the theory of Conditioning Constructs shows how behavioral conditioning can take parties from specific to diffuse reciprocity, rationalist to constructivist cooperation, and crisis to durable peace. In stages 1, 2 and 3, parties use negotiated agreements to exit prisoner’s dilemmas, continuously reinforce cooperation during agreement implementation, and satiate to rewards as initial implementation finalizes. In stages 4, 5 and 6, parties receive fresh rewards with new negotiations, undergo intermittent reinforcement with periodic agreements thereafter, and finally attribute cooperative behavior to actor constructs. Conditioning Constructs demonstrates that agency is possible in socially constructed structures through willful participation in conditioning through negotiation; and that, while Anatol Rapoport’s tit-for-tat strategy is suited to initial cooperation, intermittent reinforcement better preserves late-stage cooperation.

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An, Doyoun. « Psychological Characteristics and Political Party Preference : Differences in Schadenfreude, Empathy, and Zhongyong ». Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, n^o 11 (30 novembre 2022) : 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.11.44.11.569.

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The present study investigated the psychological differences as among political party preference(i.e. the ‘People Power Party(PPP)’, the ‘Democratic Party of Korea(DPK)’, other conservative parties(OC), and other liberal parties(OL)). Three-hundred and thirty adults(women=165) completed an online survey comprising the Schadenfreude Tendency Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Zhongyong Questionnaire, and the preferred political parties and support level. Results showed that there was no significant difference in Shadenfreude by political party preference, but there was a significant difference in empathy and Zhongyong attitude. The individuals with DPK preference reported higher levels of empathy and Zhongyong compared to those with PPP, OC, and OL preference. In addition, it was examined whether there were differences in the three variables according to political party preference and support level. The interaction effects in all variables were insignificant. However there was a marginal interaction effect in Shadenfreude.

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Gruszczak, Artur. « Sweden and the Migration Crisis : Political and Security Aspects ». Studia Europejskie - studies in European Affairs 24, n^o 3 (20 octobre 2020) : 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2020.3.

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This article aims to make an insight into the conditions of immigration policy and actions undertaken by the Swedish authorities and political parties in the face of the migration crisis in Europe after 2015. A hypothesis presented here assumes that a decisive evolution of the attitudes of the Swedish authorities, political parties, and society towards a restrictive approach to immigration arose from the awareness of the negative consequences of migration management for the Swedish socio-economic model and the political scene. The theoretical framework used in this article is the concept of policy responsiveness, including the ability of political authorities to respond effectively and lawfully to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Process tracing was applied as a research method useful for following the transformation process of Sweden’s immigration policy. Statistical data, documents issued by the government and political parties, as well as the subject literature were the sources utilised in the research. Conclusions drawn from the research point to the tightening of immigration policy as a result of the fear of a prolonged pull effect on foreigners and concern surrounding the appropriate handling of immigration in full accordance with the adopted model of immigration policy.

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Carter, Neil, Robert Ladrech, Conor Little et Vasiliki Tsagkroni. « Political parties and climate policy ». Party Politics 24, n^o 6 (23 mars 2017) : 731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068817697630.

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This study presents an innovative approach to hand-coding parties’ policy preferences in the relatively new, cross-sectoral field of climate change mitigation policy. It applies this approach to party manifestos in six countries, comparing the preferences of parties in Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom over the past two decades. It probes the data for evidence of validity through content validation and convergent/discriminant validation and engages with the debate on position-taking in environmental policy by developing a positional measure that incorporates ‘pro’ and ‘anti’ climate policy preferences. The analysis provides evidence for the validity of the new measures, shows that they are distinct from comparable measures of environmental policy preferences and argues that they are more comprehensive than existing climate policy measures. The new measures strengthen the basis for answering questions that are central to climate politics and to party politics. The approach developed here has important implications for the study of new, complex or cross-cutting policy issues and issues that include both valence and positional aspects.

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Wagner, Richard V., James Thompson et Ralph K. White. « Psychological Aspects of Nuclear War ». Political Psychology 8, n^o 3 (septembre 1987) : 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791049.

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Zverev, Andrei L. « POLITICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL POTENTIAL OF THE YOUNG POLITICAL LEADERS OF RUSSIAN PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES ». RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, n^o 1 (2021) : 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-1-104-115.

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The article presents a systematic analysis the personal potential of young political leaders of contemporary Russian parties, which has been studied in recent years by an Associate Professor of the Department of Public Relations, Tourism and Hospitality of the Faculty of History, Political Sci- ence and Law of Russian State University for the Humanities. The research were was carried out according to political and psychological methods of a verbal and projective type, supplemented by training of public self-presenta- tion of young representatives of parliamentary parties among their potential voters. As part of the study, a political and psychological profile of each potential young party leader was compiled, highlighting their value orientations and readiness to work in public politics. The article reveals the basic motives contributing to choosing the politics by young people as a professional sphere for the formation of their own personality. Also, the values orientations of young party leaders are compared with their political self-identification. Fol- lowing the results of the research works, the author of the article concludes that the existing leadership potential of young representatives of Russian parliamentary parties is not always manifested in the public practice and requires serious adjustments in terms of training in specific communication techniques, and coming into politics is determined by the desire for personal self-realization.

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Mora, G. Cristina. « POLITICAL PARTIES, IMMIGRATION, AND PANETHNICITY ». Du Bois Review : Social Science Research on Race 14, n^o 2 (2017) : 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x17000157.

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AbstractMost studies on panethnicity have focused on the United States, leaving researchers with little understanding of how it becomes institutionalized in areas with different racial politics and histories. Drawing on fifty-two in-depth interviews with Latin American immigrant leaders, political party operatives, and bureaucrats, in addition to fourteen weeks of participant observation, I examine the establishment of panethnic Latino coalitions in the Barcelona, Spain, which has witnessed a sharp increase in Latin American migration. I argue that unlike in the United States, in Spain political parties play a critical role in establishing panethnic coalitions. They do so by enabling the development of panethnic civic organizations that they hope will be politically loyal to them. Latin American immigrant leaders respond to these efforts by cooperating with parties while also resisting political pressure. Specifically, immigrant leaders forge networks with one another that cross party lines, use media to promote the nonpartisan aspects of panethnicity, and construct cultural and instrumental narratives about panethnic unity. These strategies help immigrant leaders weather political shifts and make panethnicity seem to have arisen organically. Panethnicity is forged as a strategic, cultural, and experiential form of community identification precisely through this interaction between parties, immigrant leaders, and media. Implications for understanding how panethnicity becomes institutionalized and avenues for further international research on panethnicity are discussed.

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White, Ralph K. « Psychological aspects of the Kosova crisis. » Peace and Conflict : Journal of Peace Psychology 6, n^o 1 (2000) : 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0601_4.

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Maki, Dennis R. « Political Parties and Trade Union Growth in Canada ». Relations industrielles 37, n^o 4 (12 avril 2005) : 876–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029305ar.

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This study retests the Ashenfelter-Pencavel hypothesis that political factors matter, using pooled cross section-time series data on union growth for Canadian provinces and a set of dummy variables representing political party in power in each province. Both theoretical and practical aspects are presented.

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Reda, Amir Abdul. « Framing Political Islam ». American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2016) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v33i4.236.

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What aspects of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood’s (a.k.a. the Ikhwan) cultural/ideological framing contributed to its failure to gather opponents of the Assad regime around its leadership during the 2011uprising? What does this reveal about why some Islamist political parties failed in situations of high political contention, such as the Syrian civil war? I argue that despite considerable evolution in the Syrian Brotherhood’s cultural/ideological framing since its first uprising (1977-82), it failed to target three crucial aspects of the 2011 uprising: the military struggle, the masses, and the religious minorities. My research outlines how the movement’s ideological shift toward non-violence and post-1982 reorientation toward democratic elections (ironically) prevented its members from playing a leadership role in what was mainly an armed struggle. At the same time, my research outlines how this evolution and its related changes attracted neither the masses, which remained oriented toward the traditional economic elites, nor the Sunni-oriented religious minorities. I argue that these three crucial aspects undermined the Ikhwan’s efforts and illustrate how poor cultural/ideological framing can doom even those Islamist political parties with the strongest resource mobilization capacities and previously unmatched situationsof political opportunity structures.

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Bendfeldt-Zachrisson, Fernando. « State (Political) Torture : Some General, Psychological, and Particular Aspects ». International Journal of Health Services 15, n^o 2 (avril 1985) : 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/atjq-wafp-keu6-3xdw.

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LANDIS, JOEL E. « Whither Parties ? Hume on Partisanship and Political Legitimacy ». American Political Science Review 112, n^o 2 (12 décembre 2017) : 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000545.

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Recent work by party scholars reveals a widening gap between the normative ideals we set out for political parties and the empirical evidence that reveals their deep and perhaps insurmountable shortcomings in realizing these ideals. This disjunction invites us to consider the perspective of David Hume, who offers a theory of the value and proper function of parties that is resilient to the pessimistic findings of recent empirical scholarship. I analyze Hume's writings to show that the psychological experience of party informs the opinions by which governments can be considered legitimate. Hume thus invites us to consider the essential role parties might play in securing legitimacy as that ideal is practiced or understood by citizens, independent of the ideal understandings of legitimacy currently being articulated by theorists. My analysis contributes to both recent party scholarship and to our understanding of the role of parties in Hume's theory of allegiance.

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Mezhevich, Nikolai, et Petr Oskolkov. « Presidential elections in Estonia : domestic political aspects ». Analytical papers of the Institute of Europe RAS 3 (2021) : 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics32420213237.

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On August 31, 2021, Alar Karis, with support of the governing coalition, won the second round of presidential elections in Estonia. The authors analyze the elections in the framework of institutional and procedural contexts as well as formal and informal stances taken by political parties on the event’s eve. A. Karis became the most appropriate candidate proposed by the ruling coalition, after gaining certain advantage over another “intelligent” candidate T. Soomere, president of the Academy of Sciences. The institute of presidency and election procedure form a subject for permanent discussion in Estonian society, because of the authoritarian experience of the 1930s.

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Dnistryanskyy, M. « Territorial structure of party-political system of Ukraine and geopolitical challenges ». Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n^o 39 (15 décembre 2011) : 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2171.

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Territorial structure of party-political system of Ukraine is analyzed. Geopolitical aspects of activity of political parties are considered. State interests in sphere of party-political relations are exposed are determined. Key words: political parties, political geography, party-political structure, geopolitics.

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Warren, Matthew. « Political Cyber Operations ». International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 10, n^o 3 (juillet 2020) : 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2020070102.

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Social media impacts all aspects of society from citizens to businesses, but also political parties. The article proposes a new social media engagement model that evaluates political cyber operations and the success of such campaigns during elections. The article will use the Cook Islands 2018 general election to validate the model.

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Lammers, Joris, Marcin Bukowski, Anna Potoczek, Alexandra Fleischmann et Wilhelm Hofmann. « Disentangling the factors behind shifting voting intentions : The bandwagon effect reflects heuristic processing, while the underdog effect reflects fairness concerns ». Journal of Social and Political Psychology 10, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2022) : 676–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.9241.

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In today’s elections, abundantly available polls inform voters what parties lead and what parties trail. This allows voters to accurately predict the likely outcomes of elections before the final results are in. Voters may react to these ex-ante election outcomes by shifting their votes either toward leading parties, often termed the “bandwagon effect” or toward trailing parties, often termed the “underdog effect”. The published literature presents different perspectives on the strength of both effects and the underlying psychological processes. Three preregistered studies (total N = 1,424) test the psychological causes of both effects. Exploratory Study 1 relates differences in interpersonal, moral, strategic, and epistemic psychological factors to shifts in voting intentions before the 2019 Polish parliamentary elections. Results suggest that the bandwagon effect reflects a lack of political expertise, whereas the underdog effect reflects fairness concerns. To provide experimental evidence, Studies 2a and 2b manipulate these two factors in a simulated election design. The results confirm that low expertise increases the bandwagon effect and that fairness concerns increase the underdog effect.

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Mytroshchenko, Valeriia. « Theoretical and methodological aspects of the activities of the political parties of the european states at the present stage ». Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series : History. Political Studies 11, n^o 31-32 (2021) : 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2021-11-31-32-160-168.

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The article is about the theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the place and role of political parties in the social development of modern European states in a dialectical combination of integration and disintegration processes. It is noted that the political parties of modern European countries are developing in accordance with common laws and system parameters. The specific features of the activities of European parties in the context of the formation of European parliamentarism as a fundamentally new phenomenon in the political life of the integration association are considered. It is determined that political parties in modern political systems of European countries embody in their activities a set of functional aspects, which include systemic, information-communicative, selective, ideological-programmatic, integration, representative. It is shown that the functioning of political parties of EU member states is influenced by the dichotomous influence of both integration and disintegration processes in the region, as exemplified by the withdrawal of the UK from the UK, formally completed in 2020. Political parties of European states in the current conditions of social development are influenced by several major methodological dominants, among which should be noted foreign policy (integration), domestic policy, socio-economic, socio-cultural, information and communication. It is emphasized that public dissatisfaction with the activities of political parties and the party system in general was one of the factors influencing public opinion in the UK during the process of leaving the EU, which characterizes the need to modernize certain aspects of the organization and activities of modern European political parties, especially in terms of achieving a clearer definition of party orientations and views on ways to solve the most pressing problems facing today's individual member states and the EU as a whole.

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Han, Ziqiang, et Hao Gong. « STUDY ON CIVIL LITIGATION PSYCHOLOGY AND LEGAL IDENTITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR REGULATION ». International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (1 juillet 2022) : A109—A110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.147.

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Abstract Background With the expansion of social communication, people's behavior has been given greater social significance. The behavior choices of strangers are directly controlled by their own psychology. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze people's external behavior from a psychological perspective. With the popularization of this technology, its application field is more and more widely used in civil litigation in addition to crime detection. Followed by the debate about whether the psychological test conclusion can be used as evidence in civil litigation. Since the 19th century, the development of social psychology has provided a feasible research path for exploring the relationship between people's behavior and psychology. The research of social psychology shows that psychology is composed of the subject's cognition, motivation, purpose, emotion, attitude and other elements. These psychological elements have different structures and functions. They will participate in the process of psychological integration according to their unique regulations, exist and play a role under the unified control of the brain, and then affect the behavior of the subject. Of course, civil litigation activities with high sociality are no exception. The psychology of the parties has a strong dominant role in their litigation behavior. Positive litigation psychology is conducive to the settlement of civil disputes, while negative litigation psychology will also cause great obstacles to litigation activities. Therefore, whether judges or lawyers, only by deeply studying the litigation psychology of civil litigation parties, correctly grasping and using the litigation psychology of civil litigation parties, can we correctly apply the law and smoothly solve disputes. The research on the litigation psychology of the parties in civil litigation is a new research field. It is between procedural law and psychology and belongs to an important branch of social psychology. This study is mainly to analyze and explore the impact of the parties' litigation psychology on their litigation behavior, and how to use the relevant theories and knowledge of psychology in litigation activities to more effectively “stop litigation and disputes” through litigation activities to achieve the purpose of social harmony. Subjects and Methods Firstly, this paper expounds the application of psychological test in extraterritorial litigation. This paper points out that countries that accept psychological test conclusions as evidence in legislation still have disputes over the use of psychological test conclusions as evidence. The results of this study show that the development of psychological testing technology makes the conclusion of psychological testing can be connected with scientific and technological evidence from many aspects, and reliability is the premise of the admissibility of scientific and technological evidence. Its evidential effect is not only given by legislation, but also given by the psychological test agreement between the prosecution and the defense or both parties. There are a series of procedural provisions and reinforcement measures. Countries that do not accept psychological tests in legislation are mainly considered from the perspective of protecting the parties' “personal spiritual freedom” and “personality rights”. Secondly, this paper expounds the application of psychological test conclusions in China's judicial practice, and points out that although different places have different attitudes towards psychological test conclusions. Generally speaking, the application of psychological test is becoming more and more common, and its role can not be ignored. Then this paper expounds the principle and influencing factors of psychological test. This paper introduces the development of psychological testing and emphasizes the basic role of psychology in the introduction of the principle of psychological testing. This paper makes it clear that psychological testing must first comply with the laws of psychology. The essence of psychological test results is the level of emotional response reflected by physiological indicators. The object of psychological test is psychological trace, not a single index of attention, cognition, tension, reflection and so on. The psychological test conclusion is the subjective opinion made by the tester on the basis of the psychological test results, combined with the test process and the explicit performance of the tested person. Finally, it summarizes the influencing factors of psychological test, and emphasizes that the tester's factor is the first. Psychological test conclusion has the characteristics of expert conclusion and the “three properties” of evidence, so it has the ability of evidence. The test can only be used as indirect evidence, but its effectiveness can only be pointed out as indirect evidence. Results Compared with other social psychology research, the litigant's litigation psychology needs not only rich psychological knowledge, but also legal knowledge related to litigation, and these two disciplines are more professional. At present, China is building a society ruled by law and a harmonious society. Therefore, the analysis and Research on this problem is of great significance both in theory and in reality. Secondly, from the perspective of the litigation status, litigation process and litigation attitude of the parties, the litigation psychology of the parties in civil litigation is divided into different types, and their respective characteristics are analyzed. Third, it analyzes the reasons for the formation of the litigation psychology of the parties in civil litigation from two aspects: external reasons and internal reasons. The two kinds of factors interact and influence each other, which together constitute the inducing motivation of the litigation psychology of the parties. Fourth, through functional analysis, value analysis, system analysis and application analysis, this paper expounds the important role of the parties' litigation psychology in civil litigation activities. Finally, according to the results of the previous analysis and research, this paper puts forward the method of making full and appropriate use of psychological methods in civil litigation. The experimental results show that this method can correctly solve civil disputes and completely resolve the contradictions that are easy to intensify. This is of great significance for building a society ruled by law and realizing social harmony. Conclusion At present, the gap in law and the disorder of the market make the psychological test technology in a chaotic situation in the process of popularization and use. It is difficult to characterize the psychological test conclusion as evidence in a short time in law. However, psychological testing itself is scientific. The correct and careful use of this technology is indeed beneficial to solve some difficult civil disputes.

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Pachkova, Petya Stoyanova. « Psychological aspects of civic protests in bulgaria ». Psychological Thought 9, n^o 2 (28 octobre 2016) : 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v9i2.189.

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The article analyzes some aspects of the role of the political psychology in the sphere of civil society. Civic activism requires adequate psychological motivation and qualities of the participants and leaders of civic events. Their absence is a factor for ineffectiveness of different types of civic activities, including the protest activity.

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