Articles de revues : « Political campaigns – Technological innovations »

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Sturloni, Giancarlo. « Handling uncertainty ». Journal of Science Communication 03, n^o 04 (9 décembre 2005) : R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.03040701.

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The management of health risks related to scientific and technological innovations has been the focus of a heated debate for a few years now. In some cases, like the campaigns against the use of GMOs in agriculture, this debate has degenerated into a political and social dispute. Even risk analysis studies, which appeared in the 1970s in the fields of nuclear physics and engineering and were later developed by social sciences as well, have given completely different, and at times contradictory, interpretations that, in turn, have given rise to bitter controversies.

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McDermott, Rose. « Psychological Underpinnings of Post-Truth in Political Beliefs ». PS : Political Science & ; Politics 52, n^o 2 (4 janvier 2019) : 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104909651800207x.

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ABSTRACTAlthough both the idea and the reality of so-called fake news or disinformation campaigns long precede the Trump administration, the frequency and intensity of the discussion around its prevalence and influence have increased significantly since Donald Trump took office. In an era when technological innovations support increasingly inexpensive and easy ways to produce media that looks official, the ability to separate real from artificial has become increasingly complicated and difficult. Some of the responsibility for public manipulation certainly rests with those who present false or artificial information as real. However, their relative success depends on, at least in part, universal psychological processes that often make humans susceptible to believing things that are not true. For example, people often weigh emotional feelings more heavily than abstract facts in their decision making. This discussion examines the psychological foundations that render individuals susceptible to a post-truth media environment and allow it to emerge, escalate, and persist.

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Wogu, Ikedinachi Ayodele Power, Sharon Nanyongo N. Njie, Jesse Oluwafemi Katende, George Uzoma Ukagba, Morris Oziegbe Edogiawerie et Sanjay Misra. « The Social Media, Politics of Disinformation in Established Hegemonies, and the Role of Technological Innovations in 21st Century Elections ». International Journal of Electronic Government Research 16, n^o 3 (juillet 2020) : 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2020070104.

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Deep concerns about the rise in the number of technological innovations used for perpetrating viral dissemination of disinformation, via major social media platforms during multiparty elections, have been expressed. As strategy scholars observe, it is inimical to democratic systems whose election results are questioned by reason of faulty electoral processes. The Marxian alienation theory and Marilyn's ex-post facto research designs were used for evaluating the consequences of adopting political disinformation strategies (PDS) as tools for manipulation, via innovative artificial intelligent technologies, on established social media networks during recent democratic elections in the US and other rising hegemonies. The study observed that most governments and expert political campaigners continue to find it a politically viable platform suitable for swinging the votes of electorates in desired directions. Authors recommended stiffer regulations for media platforms and party agents as this would aid discontinuing the practice of PDS during elections in established and rising hegemonies.

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Savaget, Paulo. « Rethinking diffusion of vaccines : giving healthcare a better shot ». Desenvolvimento em Debate 2, n^o 2 (25 août 2011) : 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51861/ded.dmoz.2.005.

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Vaccination is an area of rapid scientific and technological advance and is among the most successful public health interventions ever. However, for its potential to be met, innovation systems should not only make vaccines available: it is also essential that delivery systems suit social desires and local peculiarities. This work presents 2 cases of failures in diffusing vaccines, as social, cultural and political aspects were not well addressed throughout the campaigns. Lessons taken from these cases suggest that instead of focusing merely on increasing immunity, policies should integrate interdisciplinary bodies of knowledge and promote social engagement through bottom-up processes. These approaches are not only keener on improving acceptability and efficacy in delivering existing technologies, but also to create (and adapt) novelties based on local capabilities.

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Machado Flores, Neiky, et Arantxa Capdevilla Gómez. « Interacción y debate en Twitter en las elecciones españolas de mayo de 2015 : ¿promesa tecnológica o realidad virtual ? » Obra digital, n^o 11 (1 octobre 2016) : 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25029/od.2016.96.11.

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Este artículo toma posición respecto al debate relacionado con la transformación de la comunicación política en escenarios virtuales y el papel de los partidos noveles en dichos cambios. Analiza si las campañas electorales en Twitter del PSOE y de Podemos, previas a las elecciones locales y autonómicas de 2015, aprovechan las potencialidades de interacción online o si mantienen códigos de los medios tradicionales. Para responder a los objetivos, recurre a dos programas informáticos, creados para la descarga automática de tuits y para procesar cuantitativamente los datos. Además se aplican métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos en el análisis de los resultados. Interaction and discussion on Twitter in the Spanish elections of May 2015: technological promise or virtual reality? Abstract In this paper, we take a position regarding the debate on the transformation of political communication in virtual environments and the role of new parties in these changes. We analyse whether the election campaigns of PSOE and Podemos on Twitter, before the local and autonomous elections of 2015, exploited the potential of online interaction or if traditional media codes were maintained. To meet the objectives, we use two programmes: one to automatically download tweets, and another to process the data quantitatively. We also apply quantitative and qualitative methods for analysing the results. Keywords: elections, campaign, Twitter, interaction, innovation

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Feldman, Jonathan Michael. « From the “Greta Thunberg Effect” to Green Conversion of Universities : The Reconstructive Praxis of Discursive Mobilizations ». Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 12, n^o 1 (29 mai 2021) : 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2021-0009.

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Abstract This paper investigates how one could envision a discursive mobilization process to transform protest movements into agents that help reconstruct the universities as agents supporting material mobilizations leading to ecological reconstruction. After reviewing universities’ ecological footprints, the author shows how theories of mobilization and conjunctures could contribute to understanding how this transformation could occur. Discursive mobilizations advance values or ideas but stop short of innovation and production system changes. Material mobilizations affect deployment of human, technological, industrial and financial resources. Conjunctures involve linkages of political activity to spaces implicated in both kinds of mobilizations in a given historical time frame. The study shows many nations having both extensive climate activism and concentrations of university students creating a possibility for greening education centers based on various models for doing so. Yet, two key problems emerge. First, some nations lag in climate activism. Second, interest in a Green Deal or Green New Deal does not always match the level of attention to leading activist Greta Thunberg. The paper illustrates how such problems can be addressed by university-based campaigns linking activist cohorts, mobilization supporting green conversion of higher education and solidaristic, mutual aid exchanges among regions.

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Wilson, Dean Jonathon, et Tanya Serisier. « Video Activism and the ambiguities of counter-surveillance ». Surveillance & ; Society 8, n^o 2 (18 décembre 2010) : 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v8i2.3484.

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This paper examines the use of visual technologies by political activists in protest situations to monitor police conduct. Using interview data with Australian video activists this paper seeks to understand the motivations, techniques and outcomes of video activism, and its relationship to counter-surveillance and police accountability. Our data also indicated that there have been significant transformations in the organization and deployment of counter-surveillance methods since 2000, when there were large-scale protests against the World Economic Forum meeting in Melbourne accompanied by a coordinated campaign that sought to document police misconduct. The paper identifies and examines two inter-related aspects of this; the act of filming and the process of dissemination of this footage. It is noted that technological changes in the last decade have led to a proliferation of visual recording technologies, particularly mobile phone cameras, which have stimulated a corresponding proliferation of images. Analogous innovations in internet communications have stimulated a coterminous proliferation of potential outlets for images.. Video footage provides activists with valuable tools for safety and publicity. Nevertheless, we argue, video activism can have unintended consequences, including exposure to legal risks and the amplification of official surveillance. Activists are also often unable to control the political effects of their footage or the purposes to which it is used. We conclude by assessing the impact that transformations in both protest organization and media technologies might have for counter-surveillance techniques based on visual surveillance.

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AVERIKHINA, Tetiana, et Alina VLAIEVA. « Analysis of the tourist services market in Ukraine. Problems and prospects of development ». Economics. Finances. Law, n^o 5 (29 mai 2020) : 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.5.1.

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Introduction. The tourism industry is a powerful socio-economic and political factor that determines the economic development and policy of many countries and regions of the world. The purpose of the paper is to determine the conceptual basis for the development of the tourist services market in Ukraine. The paper examines the authors’ approaches to defining the concept of «tourist services» and gives the author’s definition of this concept. Results. The analysis of the main indicators of the development of the tourist services market in Ukraine is carried out. During 2015-2019, there observed increase in domestic tourists who went abroad to 2.3 million people and growth in the number of foreigners who entered Ukraine in 0.1 million. Also the paper reveals the problems and prospects of domestic tourism market development. One of the important obstacles to the development of the tourism industry in Ukraine is technological underdevelopment – innovative tourist technologies which are widely used in developed countries are practically not used in Ukraine. One of the main directions of technological innovations in tourism is the use of virtual space to inform and promote their services to the market. Organizations that provide tourist services must realize the need to implement and use modern software and technical interactive information systems that will help expand the capabilities of tourist enterprises in Ukraine. Conclusion. In order to increase the representativeness of the Ukraine tourist image, the introduction of promising directions for the development of regional tourism, it is necessary to take into account those components of the tourist potential that have the necessary properties for the development, creation and successful use of a competitive tourist product on the regional and national tourist markets. An important step to optimize the tourism potential of Ukraine should be to eliminate the advertising vacuum, especially for foreign citizens, through the involvement of various advertising companies. Creating an effective advertising campaign, holding tenders for the restoration and promotion of cultural heritage sites in Ukraine will help to solve many problems related to the destruction of historical and cultural monuments, as well as to form and strengthen a positive image of the country.

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Thomas, Robert J., et John P. Walsh. « Supermarkets Transformed : Understanding Organizational and Technological Innovations. » Contemporary Sociology 23, n^o 3 (mai 1994) : 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075369.

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Sheridan, Heather. « Evaluating Technical and Technological Innovations in Sport ». Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31, n^o 2 (mai 2007) : 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723507300485.

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HOPKIN, DAVID. « THE FRENCH ARMY, 1624–1914 : FROM THE KING'S TO THE PEOPLE'S ». Historical Journal 48, n^o 4 (décembre 2005) : 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004942.

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Richelieu's army: war government and society in France, 1624–1642. By David Parrott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxiv+599. ISBN 0-521-79209-6. £65.00.The dynastic state and the army under Louis XIV: royal service and private interest, 1661–1701. By Guy Rowlands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxiv+404. ISBN 0-521-64124-1. £55.00.The French army, 1750–1820: careers, talent, merit. By Rafe Blaufarb. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+227. ISBN 0-7190-6262-4. £45.00.The people in arms: military myth and national mobilization since the French Revolution. Edited by Daniel Moran and Arthur Waldron. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xi+268. ISBN 0-521-81432. £50.00.From revolutionaries to citizens: antimilitarism in France, 1870–1914. By Paul B. Miller. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii+277. ISBN 0-8223-2766-X. £13.95.Although all the books under review are military histories, international conflict is not their central concern. They are not primarily campaign histories, nor studies of strategic or tactical innovations, nor biographies of great commanders. If they help to answer the military historian's traditional question – how is military might created and used on the battlefield – then they do so indirectly, through an exploration of how the state marshalled its resources for war, particularly in terms of manpower. This is not just a question of emphasis, or of filling in gaps in the historiography; these books mount a sustained critique on the explanatory models favoured by military historians. Military history, David Parrott suggests, too readily falls into a ‘whiggish trap’: a series of clear-sighted war leaders grasp the potential of technology in achieving the state's foreign policy objectives; technological shifts drive changes in the size and organization of armies, and consequently in the development of the state. And thus was the modern world of large, complex, disciplined organizations made. In contrast, we are offered here a selection of error-prone war leaders, constrained at every turn by the social, political, and financial realities of their day, who were intent not on ‘progress’ but on manipulating the system of which they themselves were a part, and as much for their own ends as for those of the state they served.

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Bagherinejad, Jafar. « Cultivating technological innovations in Middle Eastern countries ». Cross Cultural Management : An International Journal 13, n^o 4 (octobre 2006) : 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600610713440.

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Li, Bingqin, et David Piachaud. « Technological innovations and social development in Asia ». Journal of Asian Public Policy 12, n^o 1 (23 novembre 2018) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2018.1546419.

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Akaev, Askar, et Vladimir Pantin. « Technological Innovations and Future Shifts in International Politics ». International Studies Quarterly 58, n^o 4 (3 juin 2014) : 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12124.

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Mai, Manfred. « Frank W. Geels : Technological transitions and system innovations ». KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 58, n^o 4 (décembre 2006) : 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-006-0284-z.

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Russell, Terry. « Challenges and promises of technological innovations : executive issues ». Canadian Public Administration/Administration publique du Canada 29, n^o 1 (mars 1986) : 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-7121.1986.tb00394.x.

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Krozer, Yoram. « Towards Sustainable Innovations - essay in memoriam of Andries Nentjes ». Central European Review of Economics and Management 4, n^o 4 (17 décembre 2020) : 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.903.

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Aim: This paper assesses theoretically and empirically three key factors for sustainable development within context of debates about economy and environment: autonomous technological change, induced technological change and barriers of entry to innovations. Design/research methods: The paper covers a literature review on strong versus weak sustainability, followed by an explanation of autonomous technological change. Statistical analysis with literature review on induced technological change due to consumers’ and policy demands for sustainable innovations, as well as literature review on policy support for the incumbent interests that rival sustainable innovations is provided. The information used is largely based on two chapters in the book on sustainable innovations (Krozer 2015), and presented in the context of long scientific cooperation with the late Andries Nentjes. Conclusion/findings: The economic theoretical debates are hardly relevant for policies on sustainable innovations, because political views are inconsistent with observations and change during fluctuations in economic outcomes. The main conclusion is that autonomous technological change is the driver of sustainable innovations. Present policies pose barriers of entry to sustainable innovations, where the global value of support for vested interest exceeds the market potential for induced technological change due to demands of policies and consumers put together. Originality/value of the paper: The study contribution to understanding of autonomous and induced technological change, showing that shifting policy support away from the incumbent interests towards sustainable innovations is key for sustainable development.

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Yarskaya-Smirnova, V., N. Korogodova et D. Zaitsev. « Accessible environment : social and technological innovations and development prospects ». Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, n^o 4 (avril 2019) : 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250004598-0.

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Auld, Graeme, Benjamin Cashore, Cristina Balboa, Laura Bozzi et Stefan Renckens. « Can Technological Innovations Improve Private Regulation in the Global Economy ? » Business and Politics 12, n^o 3 (octobre 2010) : 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1323.

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Those supplying private regulation in the global economy face two fundamental challenges if they are to ameliorate the problems for which they create these systems: targets must conform to, while demanders must have proof of, regulatory compliance. This paper explores an important area absent from assessments as to whether, when, and how, private regulatory bodies are successful in improving behavior and rewarding compliant firms: the role of technological innovations. Employing an inductive, comparative case study analysis, we offer an analytical framework that distinguishes technological innovations that improve tracking mechanisms from innovations that directly improve on-the-ground performance. We illustrate the utility of the analytical framework through an assessment of technological innovations in shaping “non-state market driven” global certification programs governing forestry, fisheries, coffee, e-waste, and climate.

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Shastitko, Andrey. « Towards the Political Economy of Scientific and Technological Development (on Russian Example). » Science Management : Theory and Practice 3, n^o 4 (29 décembre 2021) : 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2021.3.4.6.

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The article identifies the key problems of the development of innovative economics in Russia. One of the key and large-scale problems is the weak commercialization of innovations created with budget funds: there are many inventions, but few innovations. At present, there is also a problem of scientific migration in Russia: a significant number of scientists leave the country, thereby subsidizing the scientific and technological development of other states. The key reason for this state of affairs is the lack of the necessary institutional infrastructure. The willingness to solve the identified problems is closely related to the availability of competencies - not only scientific, but also organizational, as well as the presence of incentives,including incentives associated with the costs of innovations - not only in terms of obtaining the necessary knowledge and necessary for their implementation in the production process resources, but also to overcome the resistance of those who lose from innovation. That is why, in order to assess the possibility of a scientific and technological turn, it is necessary to understand what the forces of resistance are, as well as the organizational potential of groups, presumably ready to solve problems.

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Nisbet, Erik C., et Olga Kamenchuk. « The Psychology of State-Sponsored Disinformation Campaigns and Implications for Public Diplomacy ». Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14, n^o 1-2 (22 avril 2019) : 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-11411019.

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Summary Policy discourse about disinformation focuses heavily on the technological dimensions of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns. Unfortunately, this myopic focus on technology has led to insufficient attention being paid to the underlying human factors driving the success of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns. Academic research on disinformation strongly suggests that belief in false or misleading information is driven more by individual emotional and cognitive responses — amplified by macro social, political and cultural trends — than specific information technologies. Thus, attention given to countering the distribution and promulgation of disinformation through specific technological platforms, at the expense of understanding the human factors at play, hampers the ability of public diplomacy efforts countering it. This article addresses this lacuna by reviewing the underlying psychology of three common types of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns and identifying lessons for designing effective public diplomacy counter-strategies in the future.

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de Leeuw, Edith, et William Nicholls. « Technological Innovations in Data Collection : Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs ». Sociological Research Online 1, n^o 4 (décembre 1996) : 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.50.

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Whether computer assisted data collection methods should be used for survey data collection is no longer an issue. Most professional research organizations, commercial, government and academic, are adopting these new methods with enthusiasm. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) is most prevalent, and computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is rapidly gaining in popularity. Also, new forms of electronic reporting of data using computers, telephones and voice recognition technology are emerging. This paper begins with a taxonomy of current computer assisted data collection methods. It then reviews conceptual and theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on such topics as: (1) respondents and interviewer acceptance of new techniques, (2) effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality, (3) consequences for survey costs and (4) centralized vs. decentralized deployment of CATI.

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Jaskyte, Kristina. « Predictors of Administrative and Technological Innovations in Nonprofit Organizations ». Public Administration Review 71, n^o 1 (janvier 2011) : 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02308.x.

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Kassenov, Farkhad. « About the specificity of the impact of communicative technological innovations on political processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan ». Adam alemi 88, n^o 2 (30 juin 2021) : 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.2/1999-5849.10.

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A complex of various technological innovations, which, first of all, have information and communication content, among which it is necessary to mention news and analytical Internet portals, messengers like Whatsapp, hybrid and convergent media tools such as Telegram and Facebook, video hosting and editing services (Youtube and TikTok), streaming platforms, and numerous other technological solutions have a great impact on political processes in Central Asia, transforming them and reformatting them. Their influence is most pronounced in Kazakhstan, for a number of reasons, among which a higher standard of living of the population and, accordingly, the paying capacity of the audience, the depth of Internet penetration, the development of the communication sphere, etc. In this regard, the situation in Kazakhstan presented to be largely as a model for the entire region of Central Asia. The impact of communicative technological innovations in the Republic of Kazakhstan is manifested through the intensification of socio-political processes, the restructuring of society, through the emergence of new groups of influence, as well as the creation of dialogue and discussion platforms, often of an informal plan, which contribute both to the unification and differentiation of the social organism. This gives rise to various dilemmas in the choice of state approaches to the use of communicative technological innovations, which is expressed both in encouraging the development of the information and communication sphere, and in attempts to limit civic activity if it goes through the channels of new means of communication. The author suggests that in the coming years, the impact of communicative technological innovations on political processes in Kazakhstan will be under the sign of the two indicated contradictory tendencies (striving for freedom and control), especially considering the neighborhood with the two powers, China and the Russian Federation, with their predominantly repressive logic of interaction state with society.

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Keh, H. T. « Technological innovations in grocery retailing : retrospect and prospect ». Technology in Society 20, n^o 2 (avril 1998) : 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-791x(98)00007-4.

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Novoselova, Olga V. « Peculiarities of Modern Nationalist Messages in Online Political Communication : The Analyses of Donald Trump’s and Jair Bolsonaro’s Election Campaigns ». Changing Societies & ; Personalities 4, n^o 3 (9 octobre 2020) : 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2020.4.3.105.

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As digitalized election campaigns are a new phenomenon, there are almost no studies defining the peculiarities of modern nationalist messages in online political communication research. This article seeks to identify some communication patterns and recent innovations in delivering online nationalist messages. These patterns are regarded in conflation with nationalist and populist approaches by political leaders during their digital election campaigns. The literature review approach to making generalizations is chosen to explore the articulation of nationalist and populist messages during Donald Trump’s (The United States), and Jair Bolsonaro’s (Brazil) election campaigns. Overall, the study boils down to an analysis of the populist and nationalist signifiers in social media posts, and the degree to which their structures of meaning revolve around the vertical down/up or the horizontal in/out axis. As a result, some common traits of modern nationalist messages in online political communication are identified and future areas of research are proposed.

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Al-Shihi, Hamda, Qasim Al-Mamari et Ali Al-Musawi. « Handicrafts and Technological Integration in the Omani Context : Challenges and Potentials ». مجلة العلوم التربوية و الدراسات الإنسانية, n^o 2 (31 mars 2018) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55074/hesj.v0i2.15.

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The political and historical stance of handicraft marks one of the most resistant cultures for technological implementation in the current postindustrial world. This paper explores ways of leveraging the relationship between the Omani traditional handicraft industry and technological innovations, and the main boundaries for technological implementation in handicraft training.

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Kukartsev, Vladislav, Alena Stupina, Vadim Tynchenko, Ilia Panfilov et Larisa Korpacheva. « Air and space vehicle production : indicators of innovative activity ». Economic Annals-ХХI 187, n^o 1-2 (28 février 2021) : 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v187-11.

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We analyze the problems of increasing the innovative activity of air and space vehicle manufacturing enterprises in Russia by the year 2021 and consider indicators reflecting the innovative activity of organizations, such as the implementation of innovations, the proportion of organizations engaged in technological innovation, cost of technological innovation by the source of funds, the dynamics of the innovative production output. Besides, correlation analysis of the relationship between the main indicators of innovation activity and the intensity of expenditures on technological innovations has been performed to identify dependencies describing air and space vehicle production’s distinctive features.

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Kiršienė, Julija, Christopher Kelley, Deividas Kiršys et Juras Žymančius. « Rethinking the Implications of Transformative Economic Innovations : Mapping Challenges of Private Law ». Baltic Journal of Law & ; Politics 12, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2019) : 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2019-0011.

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Abstract This article participates in mapping existing legal implications stemming from contemporary innovation. The article relies on a case analysis of artificial intelligence, drones and blockchain, to reflect a majority of the underlying legal issues to which many emerging innovations might contribute, and it attempts to map them into different categories of challenges – liability, privacy, and property. It concludes by pinpointing three main reasons behind the identified legal implications: the growing “consciousness” and autonomy of emerging technologies, the growing availability of transformative innovations to the broad public and the development of participatory models in economy and other social spheres, including law, and the tendency for transformative innovations to function in regulatory uncertainty. As a means to cope with challenges generated by technological progress, the article leans towards a process-focused approach that promotes embedding values in the early stages of technological development.

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Baldwin-Philippi, Jessica. « The technological performance of populism ». New Media & ; Society 21, n^o 2 (7 septembre 2018) : 376–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818797591.

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This article investigates the Trump campaign’s strategic use of digital platforms and their affordances and norms that contribute to a technological performance of populism. To do so, I build on theories of populism as a performance, rather than a set of identifiable qualities, and make a theoretical intervention calling for the need to add a material and technological focus to how scholars approach the concept in our contemporary media environment. This article presents a model for understanding populist affordances as those that center “the people” to various degrees, and applies that model in a case study of how campaigns in the 2016 US presidential race engaged in a technological performance of populism across a variety of platforms, including email, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and campaign-created mobile apps. Central to this analysis are campaign strategies of controlled interactivity, amateurism, participatory/user-generated content, and data-driven campaigning.

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Harrison, Neil E. « Why Science and Technology Require Political Guidance to Sustain Development ». Politics and the Life Sciences 17, n^o 2 (septembre 1998) : 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400012156.

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It is commonly hoped that technological innovation will sustain development and obviate the need for extensive socioeconomic change. Historically, free markets have increased the quantity of technological innovation, which has in turn enhanced economic growth. This article shows that market selection probably will not produce the technological innovation required to sustain development. Social structures and habitual practices also inhibit technological change, and market choices of technology could prevent ecologically efficient technological innovations. Only political direction of science and technology will optimize the contribution of technology to sustainable development. However, there is no theory or experience to act as a guide to policymaking. In addition, in the medium to long term, technology is indeterminate, selected by local process perturbations. This article suggests some policy directions for science and technology and argues that models borrowed from the life sciences may permit more effective government direction of the technology system.

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Zhang, Wenhong, Yapu Zhao, Longwei Tian et Dong Liu. « Boundary-spanning demand-side search and radical technological innovations in China ». Management Decision 55, n^o 8 (18 septembre 2017) : 1749–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2016-0236.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how boundary-spanning demand-side search (BSDSS) fuels radical technological innovations as well as how innovation appropriability moderates this relationship. In particular, based on Teece’s (1986) argument regarding the appropriability of innovation, the authors divide factors to influence innovation appropriability into two types: external institution related and internal capability related. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a survey methodology. Specifically, the authors collected a sample composed of 150 high-tech manufacturing Chinese firms. Findings Results show that BSDSS has a positive effect on radical technological innovations. Further, the authors find that dysfunctional competition and political ties negatively moderate the main effect, whereas firms’ legal and IPRs protection capabilities positively moderate the main effect. Research limitations/implications One major limitation is that the findings are based on data derived from Chinese firms, which may limit the generalization of the findings. Practical implications The findings suggest that firms competing Chinese market, both Chinese and foreign firms, should actively leverage BSDSS to boost radical technological innovations. Chinese firms should pay attention to the negative roles of appropriability hazards originating from external institutional environment. Foreign firms in Chinese market should be cautious on potential dysfunctional competition from local competitors, such as imitation and intelligence property violation, and enhance appropriability through building internal capabilities, such as legal and IPRs capabilities. Originality/value The study highlights the crucial roles of BSDSS in radical technological innovations, as well as the moderating roles of innovation appropriability. These results provide new insights into the drivers of radical technological innovations.

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Meloni, Giulia, et Johan Swinnen. « The Political Economy of European Wine Regulations ». Journal of Wine Economics 8, n^o 3 (décembre 2013) : 244–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2013.33.

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AbstractThe wine market in the European Union is heavily regulated. Despite the many distortions in the wine market as a consequence, reforming the regulations has proven difficult. This paper analyzes the political economy mechanism that created existing wine regulations. We document the historical origins of the regulations and relate these to political pressures that resulted from international integration, technological innovations, and economic developments. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)

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Drezner, Daniel W. « Technological change and international relations ». International Relations 33, n^o 2 (20 mars 2019) : 286–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117819834629.

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This article reflects on the role that technological change has played in the last century on international relations. It makes two main points. First, the relationship is reciprocal; while technological change has undeniable effects on international relations, the changing nature of world politics also affects the pace of technological change. Second, any technological change is also an exercise in economic redistribution and societal disruption. It creates new winners and losers, alters actor preferences, and allows the strategic construction of new norms and organizations. The nature of the technology itself, and the extent to which the public sector drives the innovation, generates differential effects on international relations. To demonstrate these arguments, special emphasis is placed on two important innovations of the last century for international relations: nuclear weapons and the Internet.

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Golonka, Adrian. « Innovations in sectors in the industrial approach ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 191, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2019) : 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2402.

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The article presents the development of innovations from the perspective of specific sectors. Typologies of innovations in sectors have been indicated and the most important differences between them have been articulated. The article describes the sector dimensions in terms of innovation management. In addition, the influence of knowledge and technological possibilities on the development of innovations in particular sectors has been indicated. The article provides a description of individual entities, relations and institutions relevant for the implementation of innovations. The final section addresses the dynamics and transformation in sectors and indicates the possible political implications.

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Reile, Wiebke. « Strategic relationship management and civic information in an activist organization ». Journal of Media Innovations 6, n^o 1 (6 mars 2020) : 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jomi.7834.

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This study examines the organizational practices of CODEPINK: Women for Peace, a social activist organization, between January 1 and October 1, 2018 to understand the organization’s strategic data-driven practices during activist campaigns. The results provide important insights into the mechanisms a digital-grassroots organization takes to spread civic information to users for political participation. In a series of semi-structured interviews, analyzed with content-analysis, respondents indicated organizational practices that included the use of a non-partisan political customer relationship management (CRM) platform, social matching, and interest-based targeted emailing. CODEPINK uses these tools to help facilitate support for fundraising, direct marketing, and organizing campaigns. Understanding how social movement organizations use media innovations to support their action repertoires provides a better framework for understanding modern-day activist practices.

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Nochevkina, L. « Are Industry Preferences Necessary for Innovations ? » World Economy and International Relations, n^o 12 (2011) : 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-12-13-21.

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Since the middle of last century, the developed countries chose an orientation of almost all spheres of economic activities towards innovation. By the beginning of XXI century, this has paved the way for a new technological revolution. Russia is still at the preparatory, pre-innovation stage. It calls for an analysis of the conditions of forming and of the driving force of the “new economy”, for a definition of the necessary time and resources. On this path, the priority should be given not to a support of selected industries but to creating an innovative climate throughout the country.

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Fiaschetti, Francesca. « Mongol Imperialism in the Southeast : Uriyangqadai (1201–1272) and Aju (1127–1287) ». Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 71, n^o 4 (23 février 2018) : 1119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2017-0008.

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Abstract Son of the famous general Sübe’edei, Uriyanqadai followed in his father’s footsteps into the highest ranks of the Mongol military. Placed in charge of the keshig, or imperial bodyguard, under Möngke (r. 1251–1259), his fame was mostly due to his involvement—along with prince Qubilai (r. 1260–1294)— in the Mongol campaigns in Tibet, Yunnan and Đại Việt. Some of these campaigns are thoroughly described in his Yuanshi and other biographies. Other sources reflect the political relevance of this general as well. The same goes for Uriyangqadai’s son Aju, who accompanied him on campaigns in the South and built upon Uriyangqadai’s legacy after his death. An analysis of the various texts reporting the careers of the two generals provides important material regarding a decisive moment in the Mongol conquest of China, as well as information on numerous aspects of the military and political structures of the Mongol empire. Uriyangqadai’s and Aju’s lives provide an important case study of the role of political alliances and family relations in the formation of the military elite under Mongol rule. Furthermore, their careers depict an important moment of change in Mongol warfare. The campaigns in Yunnan and Đại Việt proved a challenge to Mongol strategies, leading to important innovations, changes which ultimately facilitated creation of a Yuan land –and maritime Empire.

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Maia, L. « Contributions of the Digital Marketing Cycle and Political Marketers to the Construction of MIL Cities ». Слово в науке, n^o 1(2) (1 avril 2021) : 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53362/y0593-9141-3550-n.

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This study focuses on how Felipe Chibás Ortiz’s Digital Marketing Cycle and its use by communication and political marketing professionals in Brazil in election campaigns and maintenance of candidate mandates can contribute to the construction of MIL cities. In addition to a brief theoretical survey, a survey conducted in December 2020 of 47 political marketing and communication professionals from different states in Brazil was used as a basis to gather information on their preferred tools and strategies to be used in election campaigns and the maintenance of mandates of their candidates. This survey will be used in the future for a broader analysis on how we can change the way marketing is worked in a more strategic, technological and, above all, ethical way, beyond combating disinformation according to what is proposed in MIL cities.

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Eroshkin, A., M. Petrov et D. Plissetskii. « State Financial Support to Innovations Abroad ». World Economy and International Relations, n^o 12 (2014) : 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-12-26-39.

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In today's world innovation plays a key role in securing a country’s economic and technological leadership. It encourages governments to increase investment in innovative areas and look for ways to improve the efficiency of science and innovation funding in order to increase the economic benefits of R&D budget allocation. Despite vast differences of measures used by countries to promote innovative activity, it is possible to identify some common approaches to restructuring the budget support mechanisms for science and business innovation, which have been applied in recent years by a growing number of states. One of the most important trends, which has achieved global scale, is to expand the practice of project finance for fundamental and applied research while reducing the share of the traditional budgeted funding of research institutions and universities. In many countries, the transition to the project-oriented support of R&D stimulated institutional restructuring of the public science funding system, with a marked increase of the importance of authorized government agencies (foundations, research councils, etc.) involved in the assessment, selection and allocation of grants for scientific projects and programs. In a number of states, increased role of tax incentive tools for corporate R&D, larger financing of small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises and broader public procurement of domestic innovative products are among the main reform areas of state support to corporate innovation. According to the authors, despite the growing popularity of these approaches on a global scale, it would be wrong to speak of them as cure-all solutions suitable for all countries to enhance efficiency of state innovation. First of all, the experience accumulated by countries implement appropriate varies seriously and is not positive everywhere. Besides, the ongoing profound differences in the organization of innovative systems in certain countries make it difficult to use even those foreign developments in management science that have proven their productivity, requiring serious adaptation and adjustment to the specifics of national economies, and scientific and technological environment.

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Shugurov, Mark Vladimirovich. « Trends and prospects for the development of regional scientific and technological integration in the context of EAEU Digital Agenda : political-legal framework ». Право и политика, n^o 9 (septembre 2020) : 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.33516.

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The subject of this article is trends and avenues for the digital transformation of scientific and technological, as well as innovation cooperation of the EAEU member-states. Systematic research is conducted on the changes in its content within political-legal framework of implementation of Digital Agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author reveals the new challenges of EAEU policy in the area of science, technology and innovations, as well as ecosystem questions of scientific and technological integration in the context of transition towards the Industry 4.0. The key instruments of digitalization of scientific and technological integration are presented by the digital platforms and communication, which form the shared digital scientific and technological space of EAEU. The conclusion is made that the formation of a “digital” union and its accession into the era of industry 4.0. largely depends on the level of digital transformation of scientific and technological integration. The author’s special contribution consists in the statement that the solution of large-scale task on creation of ecosystem of digital scientific, technological and innovative space based on functionality of the corresponding institutions and digital infrastructure objects represents a new aspect of cooperation, which suggests further development of strategic and legal grounds of the aforementioned sectoral digital transformation. The explored by the author vector of development of scientific and technological integration may serve as the methodological framework for a set of measures established by the Chapter “Territory of Innovations” of the Declaration on Further Development of Integration Processes within the Eurasian Economic Union of December 2018, with emphasis on the implementation of EAEU Digital Agenda.

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Ferrara, Emilio, Onur Varol, Filippo Menczer et Alessandro Flammini. « Detection of Promoted Social Media Campaigns ». Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, n^o 1 (4 août 2021) : 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14772.

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Information spreading on social media contributes to the formation of collective opinions. Millions of social media users are exposed every day to popular memes — some generated organically by grassroots activity, others sustained by advertising, information campaigns or more or less transparent coordinated efforts. While most information campaigns are benign, some may have nefarious purposes, including terrorist propaganda, political astroturf, and financial market manipulation. This poses a crucial technological challenge with deep social implications: can we detect whether the spreading of a viral meme is being sustained by a promotional campaign? Here we study trending memes that attract attention either organically, or by means of advertisement. We designed a machine learning framework capable to detect promoted campaigns and separate them from organic ones in their early stages. Using a dataset of millions of posts associated with trending Twitter hashtags, we prove that remarkably accurate early detection is possible, achieving 95% AUC score. Feature selection analysis reveals that network diffusion patterns and content cues are powerful early detection signals.

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Unger, Wayne. « How the Poor Data Privacy Regime Contributes to Misinformation Spread and Democratic Erosion ». Science and Technology Law Review 22, n^o 2 (1 septembre 2021) : 308–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/stlr.v22i2.8668.

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Disinformation campaigns reduce trust in democracy, harm democratic institutions, and endanger public health and safety. While disinformation and misinformation are not new, their rapid and widespread dissemination has only recently been made possible by technological developments that enable never-before-seen levels of mass communication and persuasion.Today, a mix of social media, algorithms, personal profiling, and psychology enable a new dimension of political messaging—a dimension that disinformers exploit for their political gain. These enablers share a root cause—the poor data privacy and security regime in the U.S.At its core, democracy requires independent thought, personal autonomy, and trust in democratic institutions. A public that thinks critically and acts independently can check the government’s power and authority. However, when the public is misinformed, it lacks the autonomy to freely elect and check its representatives and the fundamental basis for democracy erodes. This Article addresses a root cause of misinformation dissemination —the absence of strong data privacy protections in the U.S.—and its effects on democracy. This Article explains, from a technological perspective, how personal information is used for personal profiling, and how personal profiling contributes to the mass interpersonal persuasion that disinformation campaigns exploit to advance their political goals.

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Serova, A. А. « THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION : PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TWO THEORIES ». Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 15, n^o 1 (2021) : 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2021-1-130-136.

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The article is devoted to the study of the state's role in the development of technological innovations. In scientific literature, scientific and technological progress has long been recognized as the most important engine of economic development. However, there are economic and political forces that tend to oppose innovative development and create barriers. The study of the conditions that promote or hinder the development of technological innovation has become one of the mainstream trends in comparative political science. Nevertheless, the constant comprehension of the above-described problem has not yet been completed, and moreover, has led to some contradictions that still remain unresolved. The article analyzes two seemingly competing theoretical approaches to explaining the state's role in the development of technological innovations from the perspective of institutional theory and the theory of "agency relations". The author comes to the conclusion that the two theories do not contradict each other but describe “different” dimensions of the problem. While the institutional perspective emphasizes the resource advantage provided by state ownership, the theory of “agency relations” emphasizes the double agency problem with the allocation and use of resources. Both theoretical logics provide powerful arguments, and therefore, their traditional opposition reduces the explanatory power of each.

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Canevez, Richard, Carleen Maitland et Matthew Rantanen. « A Dynamic Perspective of Internet Service Provider Adoption of Emergent Network Technology : A Case Study of Tribal Digital Village ». Journal of Information Policy 10, n^o 1 (1 mai 2020) : 83–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0083.

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Abstract Technological mediation describes the process where internet service providers (ISPs) translate telecommunications network innovations from the “technological frontier” to their particular commercial context. Although the original conception defined three obstacles during this process (technical, commercial, and structural), how these obstacles unfold has yet to be fully investigated. Using a qualitative case study with a rural ISP, we identify extensions to the model, in particular emotional response during mediation and their relationship to the dynamic elements mediation process. This illuminates how commercial market maturation impacts the organizations adopting these technologies, and the impacts of experience on the dynamic nature of technological mediation.

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Howell, Jane M., et Christopher A. Higgins. « Champions of change : Identifying, understanding, and supporting champions of technological innovations ». Organizational Dynamics 19, n^o 1 (juin 1990) : 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90047-s.

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Koshcheeva, E. O., et S. Yu Lyapina. « Problems of Decision-Making in Implementation of Technological Innovations in Transport Industry ». World of Transport and Transportation 19, n^o 4 (13 janvier 2022) : 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-4-10.

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The article considers the features of transport as an object of technological innovation, due, on the one hand, to the service nature of the main activity and the specifics of innovative processes during provision of transport and logistics services, and, on the other hand, to the high capital intensity and technological complexity of the infrastructure transport complex, which is the focus point of technological innovation.The objective of the article is to substantiate the initial prerequisites for developing an alternative approach to making strategic decisions on development of transport organisations based on technological innovations, which, besides the traditional justification of economic efficiency, considers several non-economic factors. The method of substantiation is a systemic strategic analysis, which allows to study the features of the transport complex in the context of the factors of external environment and their dynamics.Regarding the Russian Federation, the scale of the national territory, natural and climatic diversity and uneven territorial distribution of the resource and production base determine the special role and place of transport in the national economy, which quite often leads to the need to make decisions on development of the transport complex based on predominantly non-economic factors (such as security, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc.) and on scientific, technical, political and socio-economic forecasts. At the same time, private enterprises (with or without participation of the state) dominate currently almost all transport sectors where they operate on the principles of profitability, investment attractiveness and competitiveness, which leads to inconsistency of internal decision-making criteria in the field of technological strategies.The ongoing change in the technological paradigm is an additional and significant factor determining trends in transport developments. It is based on the processes of digitalisation and digital transformation of the transport and logistics business. The problems of decision-making in implementation of technological innovations in transport industry, arising from its peculiarities, necessitate a revision of approaches since economic assessments of efficiency are not always able to reflect the real needs and feasibility of choosing mainstream trends in technological development of the transport system.The analysis of the features of the transport and logistics industry based on universal experience and cases in Russian practices in the context of formation of a new technological paradigm makes it possible to substantiate the methodology for making strategic decisions on implementation of technological innovations.

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Rahman, Mohammad Sajjadur, et Saimum Parvez. « Taming the Persians : ». Jindal Journal of International Affairs 1, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2011) : 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v1i1.6.

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Public diplomacy is going through perplexing changes and challenges due to technological innovations and renewed interest in the ‘soft power’ approach. This article analyses the methods and tactics of US public diplomacy regarding Iran. It discusses the close relationship between propaganda and public diplomacy and how different tactics and initiatives have been employed by the US in order to assist pro-democracy campaigns within Iran. The history of US broadcasting in Iran is also discussed to shed light on the changing dimensions of public diplomacy. However, the article argues that the intricacies of contemporary methods of communications and the diversities of the audiences in Iran can offset American propaganda techniques. It suggests from contemporary history that Cold War-style public diplomacy may not work in the case of Iran, since younger Persians have access to alternative viewpoints that neutralise or refract the effects of Western propaganda.

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Wilczyński, Piotr L. « Innowacje w zbrojeniach i obronności jako katalizator przemian technologicznych ». Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 20 (1 janvier 2012) : 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.20.8.

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Contemporary computer models and strategic simulators often suggest that technologicaladvantage is the key in economical and geopolitical success of states. The overwhelming advancementin military research and technology in previous decades brought great inventions to the civilians andeveryday life, due to the utilitarian approach of modern societies. The first section of this study presentsa historical view on innovations, and reveals that during periods of economical and political instability,especially wars, the rate of technological development was hastened two or three times, compared toperiods of peace and prosperity. The second section presents examples of technological innovationsin the military sector and its civilian applications. The results of the study show that, although warsdecrease economic strength of states, crisis and development in the military sector has positive impacton their innovations and technological advancement. Thus, military funding of research not onlyhelps to secure statehood, but also makes new inventions available for whole societies, and providesa substantial, remarkable support for civilian companies which use advanced technologies.

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Chen, Yu-Shan, Ming-Ji James Lin, Ching-Hsun Chang et Fang-Mei Liu. « Technological innovations and industry clustering in the bicycle industry in Taiwan ». Technology in Society 31, n^o 3 (août 2009) : 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2009.06.001.

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