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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Political campaigns – Technological innovations »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Political campaigns – Technological innovations"

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Sturloni, Giancarlo. « Handling uncertainty ». Journal of Science Communication 03, no 04 (9 décembre 2005) : R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.03040701.

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The management of health risks related to scientific and technological innovations has been the focus of a heated debate for a few years now. In some cases, like the campaigns against the use of GMOs in agriculture, this debate has degenerated into a political and social dispute. Even risk analysis studies, which appeared in the 1970s in the fields of nuclear physics and engineering and were later developed by social sciences as well, have given completely different, and at times contradictory, interpretations that, in turn, have given rise to bitter controversies.
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McDermott, Rose. « Psychological Underpinnings of Post-Truth in Political Beliefs ». PS : Political Science & ; Politics 52, no 2 (4 janvier 2019) : 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104909651800207x.

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ABSTRACTAlthough both the idea and the reality of so-called fake news or disinformation campaigns long precede the Trump administration, the frequency and intensity of the discussion around its prevalence and influence have increased significantly since Donald Trump took office. In an era when technological innovations support increasingly inexpensive and easy ways to produce media that looks official, the ability to separate real from artificial has become increasingly complicated and difficult. Some of the responsibility for public manipulation certainly rests with those who present false or artificial information as real. However, their relative success depends on, at least in part, universal psychological processes that often make humans susceptible to believing things that are not true. For example, people often weigh emotional feelings more heavily than abstract facts in their decision making. This discussion examines the psychological foundations that render individuals susceptible to a post-truth media environment and allow it to emerge, escalate, and persist.
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Wogu, Ikedinachi Ayodele Power, Sharon Nanyongo N. Njie, Jesse Oluwafemi Katende, George Uzoma Ukagba, Morris Oziegbe Edogiawerie et Sanjay Misra. « The Social Media, Politics of Disinformation in Established Hegemonies, and the Role of Technological Innovations in 21st Century Elections ». International Journal of Electronic Government Research 16, no 3 (juillet 2020) : 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2020070104.

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Deep concerns about the rise in the number of technological innovations used for perpetrating viral dissemination of disinformation, via major social media platforms during multiparty elections, have been expressed. As strategy scholars observe, it is inimical to democratic systems whose election results are questioned by reason of faulty electoral processes. The Marxian alienation theory and Marilyn's ex-post facto research designs were used for evaluating the consequences of adopting political disinformation strategies (PDS) as tools for manipulation, via innovative artificial intelligent technologies, on established social media networks during recent democratic elections in the US and other rising hegemonies. The study observed that most governments and expert political campaigners continue to find it a politically viable platform suitable for swinging the votes of electorates in desired directions. Authors recommended stiffer regulations for media platforms and party agents as this would aid discontinuing the practice of PDS during elections in established and rising hegemonies.
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Savaget, Paulo. « Rethinking diffusion of vaccines : giving healthcare a better shot ». Desenvolvimento em Debate 2, no 2 (25 août 2011) : 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51861/ded.dmoz.2.005.

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Vaccination is an area of rapid scientific and technological advance and is among the most successful public health interventions ever. However, for its potential to be met, innovation systems should not only make vaccines available: it is also essential that delivery systems suit social desires and local peculiarities. This work presents 2 cases of failures in diffusing vaccines, as social, cultural and political aspects were not well addressed throughout the campaigns. Lessons taken from these cases suggest that instead of focusing merely on increasing immunity, policies should integrate interdisciplinary bodies of knowledge and promote social engagement through bottom-up processes. These approaches are not only keener on improving acceptability and efficacy in delivering existing technologies, but also to create (and adapt) novelties based on local capabilities.
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Machado Flores, Neiky, et Arantxa Capdevilla Gómez. « Interacción y debate en Twitter en las elecciones españolas de mayo de 2015 : ¿promesa tecnológica o realidad virtual ? » Obra digital, no 11 (1 octobre 2016) : 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25029/od.2016.96.11.

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Este artículo toma posición respecto al debate relacionado con la transformación de la comunicación política en escenarios virtuales y el papel de los partidos noveles en dichos cambios. Analiza si las campañas electorales en Twitter del PSOE y de Podemos, previas a las elecciones locales y autonómicas de 2015, aprovechan las potencialidades de interacción online o si mantienen códigos de los medios tradicionales. Para responder a los objetivos, recurre a dos programas informáticos, creados para la descarga automática de tuits y para procesar cuantitativamente los datos. Además se aplican métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos en el análisis de los resultados. Interaction and discussion on Twitter in the Spanish elections of May 2015: technological promise or virtual reality? Abstract In this paper, we take a position regarding the debate on the transformation of political communication in virtual environments and the role of new parties in these changes. We analyse whether the election campaigns of PSOE and Podemos on Twitter, before the local and autonomous elections of 2015, exploited the potential of online interaction or if traditional media codes were maintained. To meet the objectives, we use two programmes: one to automatically download tweets, and another to process the data quantitatively. We also apply quantitative and qualitative methods for analysing the results. Keywords: elections, campaign, Twitter, interaction, innovation
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Feldman, Jonathan Michael. « From the “Greta Thunberg Effect” to Green Conversion of Universities : The Reconstructive Praxis of Discursive Mobilizations ». Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 12, no 1 (29 mai 2021) : 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2021-0009.

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Abstract This paper investigates how one could envision a discursive mobilization process to transform protest movements into agents that help reconstruct the universities as agents supporting material mobilizations leading to ecological reconstruction. After reviewing universities’ ecological footprints, the author shows how theories of mobilization and conjunctures could contribute to understanding how this transformation could occur. Discursive mobilizations advance values or ideas but stop short of innovation and production system changes. Material mobilizations affect deployment of human, technological, industrial and financial resources. Conjunctures involve linkages of political activity to spaces implicated in both kinds of mobilizations in a given historical time frame. The study shows many nations having both extensive climate activism and concentrations of university students creating a possibility for greening education centers based on various models for doing so. Yet, two key problems emerge. First, some nations lag in climate activism. Second, interest in a Green Deal or Green New Deal does not always match the level of attention to leading activist Greta Thunberg. The paper illustrates how such problems can be addressed by university-based campaigns linking activist cohorts, mobilization supporting green conversion of higher education and solidaristic, mutual aid exchanges among regions.
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Wilson, Dean Jonathon, et Tanya Serisier. « Video Activism and the ambiguities of counter-surveillance ». Surveillance & ; Society 8, no 2 (18 décembre 2010) : 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v8i2.3484.

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This paper examines the use of visual technologies by political activists in protest situations to monitor police conduct. Using interview data with Australian video activists this paper seeks to understand the motivations, techniques and outcomes of video activism, and its relationship to counter-surveillance and police accountability. Our data also indicated that there have been significant transformations in the organization and deployment of counter-surveillance methods since 2000, when there were large-scale protests against the World Economic Forum meeting in Melbourne accompanied by a coordinated campaign that sought to document police misconduct. The paper identifies and examines two inter-related aspects of this; the act of filming and the process of dissemination of this footage. It is noted that technological changes in the last decade have led to a proliferation of visual recording technologies, particularly mobile phone cameras, which have stimulated a corresponding proliferation of images. Analogous innovations in internet communications have stimulated a coterminous proliferation of potential outlets for images.. Video footage provides activists with valuable tools for safety and publicity. Nevertheless, we argue, video activism can have unintended consequences, including exposure to legal risks and the amplification of official surveillance. Activists are also often unable to control the political effects of their footage or the purposes to which it is used. We conclude by assessing the impact that transformations in both protest organization and media technologies might have for counter-surveillance techniques based on visual surveillance.
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AVERIKHINA, Tetiana, et Alina VLAIEVA. « Analysis of the tourist services market in Ukraine. Problems and prospects of development ». Economics. Finances. Law, no 5 (29 mai 2020) : 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.5.1.

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Introduction. The tourism industry is a powerful socio-economic and political factor that determines the economic development and policy of many countries and regions of the world. The purpose of the paper is to determine the conceptual basis for the development of the tourist services market in Ukraine. The paper examines the authors’ approaches to defining the concept of «tourist services» and gives the author’s definition of this concept. Results. The analysis of the main indicators of the development of the tourist services market in Ukraine is carried out. During 2015-2019, there observed increase in domestic tourists who went abroad to 2.3 million people and growth in the number of foreigners who entered Ukraine in 0.1 million. Also the paper reveals the problems and prospects of domestic tourism market development. One of the important obstacles to the development of the tourism industry in Ukraine is technological underdevelopment – innovative tourist technologies which are widely used in developed countries are practically not used in Ukraine. One of the main directions of technological innovations in tourism is the use of virtual space to inform and promote their services to the market. Organizations that provide tourist services must realize the need to implement and use modern software and technical interactive information systems that will help expand the capabilities of tourist enterprises in Ukraine. Conclusion. In order to increase the representativeness of the Ukraine tourist image, the introduction of promising directions for the development of regional tourism, it is necessary to take into account those components of the tourist potential that have the necessary properties for the development, creation and successful use of a competitive tourist product on the regional and national tourist markets. An important step to optimize the tourism potential of Ukraine should be to eliminate the advertising vacuum, especially for foreign citizens, through the involvement of various advertising companies. Creating an effective advertising campaign, holding tenders for the restoration and promotion of cultural heritage sites in Ukraine will help to solve many problems related to the destruction of historical and cultural monuments, as well as to form and strengthen a positive image of the country.
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Thomas, Robert J., et John P. Walsh. « Supermarkets Transformed : Understanding Organizational and Technological Innovations. » Contemporary Sociology 23, no 3 (mai 1994) : 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075369.

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Sheridan, Heather. « Evaluating Technical and Technological Innovations in Sport ». Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31, no 2 (mai 2007) : 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723507300485.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Political campaigns – Technological innovations"

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Farries, Greg, et University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. « What voters want, what campaigns provide : examining Internet based campaigns in Canadian federal elections ». Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/250.

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This paper examines differences between what voters want from a campaign website and what political parties are actually providing on their campaign websites. A series of focus groups were conducted and the results of those discussions provided insight into what potential voters wanted from a campaign website. Analysis of the Conservative, Liberal, Bloc Quebecois, Green and New Democratic Party campaign websites was then conducted, and the results provided a glimpse at what the political parties were providing during the 2004 federal election campaign. The results of this research show that is a significance imbalance between what the political parties in Canada were providing and what the focus groups mentioned they wanted from a campaign website. The participants wanted more engaging and mobilizing features, while the campaign websites used during the 2004 election lacked these types of features.
vi, 130 leaves ; 29 cm.
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James, Rina Lynne. « The Efficacy of Virtual Protest : Linking Digital Tactics to Outcomes in Activist Campaigns ». PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4008.

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Activists are increasingly relying on online tactics and digital tools to address social issues. This shift towards reliance on the Internet has been shown to have salient implications for social movement formation processes; however, the effectiveness of such actions for achieving specific goals remains largely unaddressed. This study explores how the types of Internet activism and digital tools used by activism campaigns relate to success in meeting stated goals. To address these questions, the study builds on an existing framework that distinguishes between four distinct types of Internet activism: brochure-ware, which is oriented towards information distribution; e-mobilizations, which treats digital media merely as a tool for mobilizing individuals offline; online participation, which is characterized by wholly online actions such as e-petitions or virtual protests; and online organizing, where organization of a movement takes place exclusively via the internet with no face-to-face coordination by organizers. Ordinal regression models were conducted utilizing cross-sectional data from the Global Digital Activism Data Set (GDADS), a compilation of information on 426 activism campaigns from around the world that began between 2010 and 2012; additional data regarding the types of Internet activism used was also appended to the GDADS using source materials provided within the data set. The findings suggest that use of the Internet for mobilizing offline actions is negatively associated with campaign success, but that this does not hold true for protest actions organized without use of digital tools. E-petition use was also found to be negatively related to achievement of campaign goals.
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Lewis, Mitzi. « A Hierarchical Regression Analysis of the Relationship Between Blog Reading, Online Political Activity, and Voting During the 2008 Presidential Campaign ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33182/.

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The advent of the Internet has increased access to information and impacted many aspects of life, including politics. The present study utilized Pew Internet & American Life survey data from the November 2008 presidential election time period to investigate the degree to which political blog reading predicted online political discussion, online political participation, whether or not a person voted, and voting choice, over and above the predication that could be explained by demographic measures of age, education level, gender, income, marital status, race/ethnicity, and region. Ordinary least squares hierarchical regression revealed that political blog reading was positively and statistically significantly related to online political discussion and online political participation. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of a political blog reader voting were 1.98 the odds of a nonreader voting, but vote choice was not predicted by reading political blogs. These results are interpreted within the uses and gratifications framework and the understanding that blogs add an interpersonal communication aspect to a mass medium. As more people use blogs and the nature of the blog-reading audience shifts, continuing to track and describe the blog audience with valid measures will be important for researchers and practitioners alike. Subsequent potential effects of political blog reading on engagement, discussion, and participation will be important to understand as these effects could impact the political landscape of this country and, therefore, the world.
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O'Neill, Ray. « ICT as political action ». Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/ict-as-political-action(0e4deb95-6163-4b71-9061-a25956f766ed).html.

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This thesis is a narrative account of the development of my living theory of practice as a teacher and information communications technologies (ICT) consultant with a national awarding body. Within my two workplaces I experience myself as a living contradiction when my values are denied in practice, in relation to the prohibition of full participation of all participants through the suppression of their voices, or by the imposition of too-rapid organisational change. The thesis accounts for how I have attempted to transform these unsatisfactory situations into life-affirming practices for all through exercising my educational influence in learning for personal and organisational sustainability. The significance of my research lies in my capacity to explain how I hold myself accountable for my improved practice as I develop emancipatory pedagogies and conditions that nurture personal and social wellbeing. I have generated my living theory of emancipatory practice through finding ways to enable myself and others to work in solidarity to exercise our agency through communicative action (Habermas 1975). This is accomplished through realising the potentials of ICT as a form of communicative action within actual and virtual communities of practice, which becomes a significant feature of the originality of my contribution to knowledge of my field. Originality is extended in the production of evidence to test the validity of my theorization of ICT as political action. The multimedia evidence base is continued in the production of a multimedia thesis that accompanies and embeds the linguistic form of the thesis, a communication of my parallel understanding of traditional forms of theory and pedagogy as subsets of their wider inclusional and relational forms. The thesis also explores how values may be clarified in the course of their emergence in practice and transformed into living standards of judgement.
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Ricci, Andrea. « The Early Political Web, 1995-2005 : A ten-year observational research seeking evidence of eDemocracy in the information architecture of political parties web sites worldwide ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209496.

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Scholarly interest for the impact of technologies on democracy has raised in parallel to the decline of political participation. Technology has often been seen as either one of the causes of the crisis of representative democracy or as a powerful remedy to heal the negative externalities generated by party oligopolies.

The study of the impact of new media in party politics or presidential elections dates back the forties (with the outgrowth of radio) and has evolved in cyclical waves until today, covering the emergence of television, the development of global telecommunications, the birth of internet and finally what’s popularly called the Web 2.0.

The notion of eDemocracy emerges from this dynamic, but is in a league of its own.

There is no agreement on many of the terms that one needs to use to dissect its meaning. Scholars diverge on virtually every foundational concept: from the very definition of democracy and interactivity, to the core functions of political parties, to the definition of propaganda as opposed to political communication or to political marketing. As a consequence of this, there is little agreement on both what could be done in theory with eDemocracy and what is actually done in practice.

A permanent tension exist between idealtypes and real types in this domain.

The aim of this research is to prove this thesis with the largest and most global research unit of political parties web sites at the time of writing.

The choice of an information architecture approach has allowed to cover some uncharted territory while providing a first set of data on the structures of the political web (in 2004-2005) for public scrutiny.

The core of this research contribution consists in a basic taxonomy and a set of data (on the intentions and on the information architecture) resulting from a 10 years observational research on the early actors of the political web (stricto sensu i.e. 2073 political parties web sites), reviewed with a new degree of detail (through an ad hoc software procedure aiming at dissecting the structure of political web sites) and grouped into 3 main families (protosites, mesosites and neosites) of party web sites. These clusters of homogeneous web sites share a common way to deal with space, with files, with usability, with multimedia.

Classic views on eDemocracy insisted on the improvement deriving from more political information online: in theory, the more information we have, the more we can compare it and use it for our political orientation/participation. In practice, to describe the problem in cybernetic terms, this empirical research shows that load appears to be an issue for most party sites: there is too often either too little content (one out of five party sites around the world is a "protosite") or too much (11% of the observed universe materializes in real “content caverns”). A little more than 4% of the sites (a high end mesosite or neosite) had between 10000 and 48,000 links !

Cyber optimists have seen in the proliferation of party web sites a sign of improved party competition. For political minorities or for incumbent parties, in the political web, like in eCommerce, what really makes the difference is the conversion rate i.e. the number of visitors that turn into involved voters. Now, with the type of technical, socio-economical constraints reducing the widespread access to the net, with motivational factors (trust and degree of social connectedness) that may alter the individual’s response to the online information offer, with the imperfect implementation (in terms of usability) of the information architecture requirements for optimal political persuasion and communication online, the actual conversation rate of political parties web sites is likely to remain modest.

One of the most characteristic uses of the political web discovered in this research is to provide cloud like archival services for the party community. Parties - in the first ten years of the political web - were trying to check mainstream media and use their sites as a low cost, contemporary version of the party newspapers of the 70s.

Although this dissertation is not investigating the specific impact of party sites, the structural analysis carried out in the empirical validation suggests that the architecture of party sites in the years 1995-2005 was developing in such a way to be less and less capable of injecting meaningful inputs in the circuitry of modern democratic institutions. Engaged in a frontal competition with traditional news media (and deprived of the same assets), the early political web stricto sensu (and the set of interactive applications it contains) seems to be too a weak vector to channel adequate stimuli to alter and modify electoral processes or institutional dynamics.

The majority of the respondents of a political webmasters survey (107 individuals responded to the survey) carried out in the course of this research project indicates that the party site is not the party's leaders favourite platform to launch messages (64% of the answers disagree or strongly disagree to the statement). The majority of the respondents in the same empirical fieldwork agrees to the following statements: “the web is not the most important tool for the party communication strategy (58%)”, “key messages are published simultaneously on all media available (77%)”, “the party has created this site to allow people to contact candidates directly (63%)”, “the biggest part of the interaction with the public happens live, in meetings - the web is used essentially to post the party documents and to give news to the electorate (73%)”.

The most interesting results of this question are related to the transactive / mediating role of party communication online. It is beyond any doubt that in the view of these respondents their site has not been created “to invite the opposition to discuss with us (81%)”. If there is a politically relevant process that goes on in these sites it’s really among like-minded.

The mission statement [our party site is meant] “to gather the wants and needs of the electorate” splits respondents in two (54% of the respondents agrees and 47% and disagrees), but 73% of all respondents also agrees that most of the interactions with the electorate are non mediated, thus limiting the relevance of the political web stricto sensu to a mere information delivery platform.

The central thesis emerging from this first major reality check of the political web is that the structure of most party sites is simply not made to generate the ambitious levels of deliberative democracy. Not only a large number of party sites are microscopic, but they lack the basic means for human to human interactivity, a criticism that .In 34,7% of the cases scrutinized in the survey the sites lacked even of the mailto command (used to allow end users to write mails to the webmaster). In 51.9% of the cases there is no form at all, to facilitate structured communications between the party and the audience. The majority of the early actors of the political web were not structured to engage in deliberative activities. Only a fraction of the universe (between 1 and 2%) showed multiple forms and input methods corresponding to advanced neosites (along the model of the US Green Party Action Centre) or the so called over exposure sites (such as the Argentinian Humanista party). The bottom line is that interactivity levels found – worldwide - on the largest array of political parties sites were (in the period between 1995 and 2005) simply discouraging, if one tends to believe in the rhetoric of eDemocracy.

A corollary of my central thesis is that the reality of the political web generated by parties between 1995 and 2005, shows a significant presence of techniques and communication forms typical of political marketing and propaganda. ‘Commands’, calls for ortopraxy, confrontational communication and a growing number of ‘digital tricks’ structure the toolbox of the best party web architects. A form of weak propaganda (the only sort of ‘naked hand’ propaganda that most political parties can afford to pay) has invaded and captured cyberspace. And the user community is becoming increasingly aware of this.

This research does not cover the user dimension. However marginal data obtained in one of the three empirical sections (the Web Master survey) seem to indicate that the political web (of the early years) maintained the capacity to swing some marginal seats.

This research covers forms of interactivity based on BBS, online fora and blogs but does not cover the historical period of the development of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. The scientific conclusions are therefore intrinsically limited in value to the decade they refer to, but it is argued in the conclusions that recent surveys (Internet and Campaign 2010 Survey by Pew) do not seem to indicate that the so called Web 2.0 is drastically changing the levels of online political participation.


Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Mathurine, Jude. « Towards a critical understanding of media assistance for "new media" development ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002914.

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The field of media assistance has grown ever more complex with the inclusion of ‘new media’ networks, channels, tools and practices (such as the Internet, satellite television, mobile devices, social media and citizen journalism) to the media development mix. Adding to the ferment is the increasing convergence between the formerly discrete terrains of ICT for development, media for development and (mass) media development. Much of the discussion regarding the utility and objectives of media development in general and ‘new media’ in particular has been viewed through a modernist and techno-determinist prism which offers a limited ideological view of media development and its objects and consequently, a limited set of communication approaches and strategies. This study contextualises the assumptions of media development historically and critically, with particular focus on new media’s roles and relationships with the media environment, and its objectives democratisation and development. Through the application of literature, theory and various research studies, this thesis establishes a broader view of new media’s role and diverse consequences for media development, democracy and development. The study recommends greater collaboration, contextual research and theorisation of media development and new media as part of mixed media systems and cognisant of the multi-dimensional natures of its objects of democracy and development. One implication is the need for professionalisation of the media development and media assistance sector. In relation to the influences of new media on media use and the media as an institution, it motivates the need to address digital divides and emphasise the sustainability of the practice of journalism.
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Murphree, Michael Bruce. « Building markets : The political economy of technology standards ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51821.

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This dissertation explains the causes of national differences in markets for technology. Different national approaches to intellectual property protection and use, market openness and market scope are the result of the process of creating technology standards in different countries. Technology Standards, in turn, are the product of two causal variables: the historically determined institutions of standardization - particularly the role of the state in the standardization process, and the position of a country in the fragmented global production system. The institutions of standardization determine the relative influence of different actors over standardization and market position. The position within the global economy determines these actors’ perspectives on intellectual property and market scope. Using case studies of standardization and technology market creation in the United States, Europe and China, this dissertation reveals the mechanisms by which these two variables give rise to national differences in technology markets.
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Lin, Zhong Xuan. « Towards a politics of ourselves :Chinese internet celebrity's practices of self-governance ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690692.

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Ruiz, Diaz Pablo Sergio Mereles. « Telemarketing : tecnologia e precarização do trabalho ». Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/177.

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Esta dissertação procurou investigar as condições de trabalho em uma central de atendimento telefônico ligada a um banco público. A unidade em foco é terceirizada e seus empregados exercem mesmas tarefas que funcionários concursados. A unidade de teleatendimento possui alto grau de informatização e combina características de organização tayloristafordista com gerenciamento toyotista, apresentando especificidades decorrentes da utilização de mão-de-obra num contexto marcado pela flexibilização nas formas contratação e conseqüente redução de direitos laborais de terceirizados em relação aos funcionários efetivos do banco. O objetivo geral foi o de questionar suposta neutralidade da tecnologia quando mediadora da relação capital x trabalho. Por ser uma pesquisa qualitativa, partimos de bibliografia que nos auxiliasse na comprovação dessa hipótese, a de que a tecnologia foi apropriada pelo capital e a este serve na medida em que permite a intensificação do ritmo de trabalho, aumento no controle dos resultados e a conseqüente aceleração no ritmo de acumulação. Os argumentos de que a ciência pouparia o ser humano do esforço físico desnecessário e o libertaria para desenvolver atividades ligadas ao intelecto se verificou em parte, sem, no entanto, diminuir o grau de exploração sobre o trabalhador, verificado pela precarização crescente nas formas de contratação, gerando um novo mundo do trabalho. Questionários mistos foram utilizados junto a trabalhadoras da empresa terceirizada, no intuito de identificar o perfil socioeconômico, o histórico profissional, as condições de trabalho e qual a percepção como classe trabalhadora. Identificamos que o grau de controle e o ritmo de trabalho se constituem em formas de intensificação na exploração, propiciada pela combinação de técnicas gerenciais da era fordista e pela utilização de sistemas de controle baseados na informática, constituindo o aparato tecnológico, uma dimensão do capital.
This thesis sought to investigate the working conditions in a call center subordinated to a public bank. The telemarketing unit under study is outsourced, and their employees perform the same tasks as direct permanent employees. The telemarketing unit has a high degree of computerization and combines features of Taylorist-Fordist organization with Toyotist management. Labor force use characterized by flexibility and a reduction of labor rights of the outsourced employees compared to the permanent employees of the bank. The hypotheses that guided this research is that technology, far from being neutral, serves the interests of capital as far as it contributes to intensification of labor, increased labor control and, as a result, to the acceleration of capital accumulation. The arguments that science would save human beings from unnecessary physical effort to liberat and develop activities related to the intellect occurred in part, without,however, reduce the degree of exploitation of the employee, revealed by the growing labor insecurity. Questionnaires to the outsourced company workers were used to obtain data aiming to identify the socioeconomic, occupational history, working conditions and the self-perception as working class. We found that the degree of control and intensified labor pace provided by the combination of Fordist management techniques era and control systems based on computer, are increasing labor exploration. In this regard, the technological apparatus can be seen as a dimension of capital.
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RUIZ, SOLER Javier. « Is Twitter the new coffee house ? : the contribution of the European political Twittersphere to the European public sphere and European demos ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/63305.

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Defence date: 12 June 2019
Examining Board: Prof. Alexander Trechsel, University of Lucerne (Supervisor); Prof. Giovanni Sartor, European University Institute; Prof. Luigi Curini, University of Milan; Prof. Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, Lund University
A Public Sphere and a demos are intrinsic key elements of any democratic society. The literature has pointed out that social media platforms can play an important role in developing direct interactions between users and creating a sense of community. Can Twitter contribute to the emergence of a transnational networked European Public Sphere and European demos? This thesis examines the contribution of the European Political Twittersphere to this question. I divide the question into three articles. In each I use a different theoretical framework and methodological approach to two datasets of two issue publics (the Schengen agreement and the transatlantic trade partnership, TTIP) collected through the public Twitter Streaming API from August 2016 to April 2017. In the first article I explore the actor level of the networks created from the Twitter data. I investigate whether these Twitter networks constitute networked publics where non-elite actors receive attention and play an important role by the number of mentions and retweets. In the second article I explore the question of the constitution of European transnational networks. To do so, I geolocate the accounts involved in the two networks to identify the type of interactions the users establish, whether national or transnational. In the third article I analyse the content of these networks by extracting what sentiments the users express for the topics, and whether they see themselves and the topics as national or European. The three articles capture three features of the European Political Twittersphere. First, the results indicate the presence of transnational European networks. Second, built from the bottom-up where non-elite actors receive most of the attention. And third, composed of a multilingual demoi where the users see themselves and the topics as European. However, although these mapped Twitter networks contribute to some extent to transnational interaction and a sense of community, the deliberative quality of these networks is low.
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Livres sur le sujet "Political campaigns – Technological innovations"

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V, Grigorʹev P., Shchennikov M. A et I︠A︡roslavskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. P.G. Demidova, dir. Novye politicheskie tekhnologii v sovremennoĭ Rossii. Moskva : Voskhod-A, 2009.

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Margin of victory : How technologists help politicians win elections. Santa Barbara, Calif : Praeger, 2012.

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Susca, Vincenzo. Transpolitica : Nuovi rapporti di potere e di sapere. Milano : Apogeo, 2008.

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Susca, Vincenzo. Transpolitica : Nuovi rapporti di potere e di sapere. Milano : Apogeo, 2008.

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Derrick, De Kerckhove, dir. Transpolitica : Nuovi rapporti di potere e di sapere. Milano : Apogeo, 2008.

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Paloma, Biglino Campos, dir. La regulación de las campañas electorales en la era digital : Desinformación y microsegmentación en las redes sociales con fines electorales. Valladolid : Universidad de Valladolid, 2020.

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Sabato, Larry. Magic-- or blue smoke and mirrors ? : Reflections on new technologies and trends in the political consultant trade. Washington, DC : Annenberg Washington Program, Communications Policy Studies, Northwestern University, 1988.

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Mosca, Lorenzo. La webpolitica : Istituzioni, candidati, movimenti fra siti, blog e social network. Firenze : Le lettere, 2012.

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Dader, José Luis. La cibercampaña en Castilla y León : Elecciones autonómicas, 2015. Valladolid : Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid, 2016.

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La webpolitica : Istituzioni, candidati, movimenti fra siti, blog e social network. Firenze : Le lettere, 2012.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Political campaigns – Technological innovations"

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Samarina, V. P., T. P. Skufina, A. V. Samarin et S. V. Baranov. « Russia’s Agro Industrial Complex : Economic and Political Influence Factors and State Support ». Dans Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects : Economy and Production, 579–93. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15577-3_55.

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Avdoshkina, O. V., et I. G. Girina. « The Political Activity of the Liberals in Siberia and the Russian Far East After October 1917 ». Dans Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects : Economy and Production, 732–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_91.

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Parkins, John R., et A. John Sinclair. « Public Participation at a Crossroads : Manipulation or Meaningful Engagement in the Boreal Region ». Dans Advances in Global Change Research, 575–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_23.

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AbstractAdvances in public participation are stimulated by multiple drivers, including public concern for environmental degradation, conflict between forest users, Indigenous rights, and international agreements. Yet, with many notable advances, innovation has stagnated, and the quality of participatory processes in forest management is highly variable. The body of evidence to date demonstrates weaknesses in the design and implementation of participatory processes. With examples from Europe and North America, in this chapter we note that public engagement is often mostly about legitimating predefined plans and policies, narrow technical discussions that malign the inherently political nature of forest management, and participants that are not representative of the general public. To move beyond these challenges, we propose several changes, including technological innovations such as web-based and emerging social media platforms and institutional innovations such as episodic and punctuated modes of engagement that are part of an overall participation plan.
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Wogu, Ikedinachi Ayodele Power, Sharon Nanyongo N. Njie, Jesse Oluwafemi Katende, George Uzoma Ukagba, Morris Oziegbe Edogiawerie et Sanjay Misra. « The Social Media, Politics of Disinformation in Established Hegemonies, and the Role of Technological Innovations in 21st Century Elections ». Dans Research Anthology on Social Media's Influence on Government, Politics, and Social Movements, 717–37. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7472-3.ch035.

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Deep concerns about the rise in the number of technological innovations used for perpetrating viral dissemination of disinformation, via major social media platforms during multiparty elections, have been expressed. As strategy scholars observe, it is inimical to democratic systems whose election results are questioned by reason of faulty electoral processes. The Marxian alienation theory and Marilyn's ex-post facto research designs were used for evaluating the consequences of adopting political disinformation strategies (PDS) as tools for manipulation, via innovative artificial intelligent technologies, on established social media networks during recent democratic elections in the US and other rising hegemonies. The study observed that most governments and expert political campaigners continue to find it a politically viable platform suitable for swinging the votes of electorates in desired directions. Authors recommended stiffer regulations for media platforms and party agents as this would aid discontinuing the practice of PDS during elections in established and rising hegemonies.
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Teremko, Vasyl. « PRINT AS THE CONTEXTUAL FACTOR OF MODERN AGE ». Dans Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-10.

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This article traces the transformations of individual, caused by informational interventions in his\her mental world, intensified by the development of print as a technological centre of the Industrial Era media system, followed the explosion of consumer psychology, replacing individuality by the “mass person” perplexed by “fashion epoch”. A humanistic ideal, self-sufficient, self-sustained individual appears in such worldview systems as a consumer. A set of individuals selected by specific criteria appears as the target audience, the mass consumer, chosen to buy everything from tastes and goods to ideologies, political doctrines, ways of life, fashion, government, friends, enemies and even war or peace. The production of such consumers started with the phenomena of scaling and unification, intensified by the books-bestsellers, mass media, tabloids, glossy and glamorous magazines, entertainment television, pop music, blockbusters and TV series. Based on the investigation of individual and mass subconscious psychological mechanisms and impact techniques, taste and critical thinking was consistently destroyed, which drove to imposing absolute consumerism as continuously stimulated insatiability of needs, leading to the consumption loop, where requirements are impossible to satisfy. Intellectually simplified, spiritually exhausted media signals, aimed at the instinctively emotional spheres of individuals, steadily lowered the horizon of personal expectations and the thresholds of information accessibility, weakened critical thinking, blurred ethical filters, levelled tastes and transformed the audience into a mass. Furthermore, despite the specific differences, this trend has penetrated all social and individual spheres. Under the pressure of aggressive reality and communication campaigns, a holistic, harmonious, self-aware, intentional personality lost its value for itself. The process, begun in the New Age, was a kind of denial of its foundations and prepared an individual for the transition to the information age.
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Kreiss, Daniel, Kirsten Adams, Jenni Ciesielski, Haley Fernandez, Kate Frauenfelder, Brinley Lowe et Gabrielle Micchia. « The Political Tech Glass Ceiling ». Dans Recoding the Boys' Club, 1–31. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197535943.003.0001.

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The introduction conveys how political technology lies at the intersection of two male-dominated fields—politics and technology—and has grown significantly in electoral importance in the 21st century. It relates how campaigns have increasingly organized dedicated divisions for technology, digital media, data, and analytics operations and have turned to a growing field of specialized political practitioners and the tech industry itself to staff them. The introduction previews the key findings and details the plan of the book. It also makes three primary arguments about the importance of gender diversity for campaigns in terms of messaging, technological design, and the functioning of campaign organizations. The introduction further argues that gender diversity matters for equity and fairness in the workforce and political culture more broadly.
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Myshok, Romana, et Larysa Klymanska. « SLACTIVISM IN UKRAINIAN INTERNET PRACTICES ». Dans Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-42.

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This work is devoted to the study of the concept of «slactivism» in Ukrainian and foreign scientific discourse. The main purpose of this work was to clarify the directions of interpretation of slactivism and the definition of characteristics to identify its manifestations in the practices of Internet users, including Ukrainian citizens. As a result of the analysis of scientific works two directions of slactivism research were defined: positive and negative. At the heart of this opinions polarization is the consideration by scientists of the results of users behavior and its impact on the regulation of socio-political problems of society. It has been found that slactivism is a form of behavior of Internet users that not have or do not have a significant impact on the regulation of socially important issues. Slactivism on the scale of socio-political Internet behavior was located in the middle between activity (effective behavior) and passivity (inaction). Activities on the Internet in the framework of this form of socio-political Internet behavior are defined as simple and uncomplicated, in particular, «likes», reposts, subscriptions to events on social networks, watching videos and other. In order to structure these manifestations of behavior, the forms of slactivism were analyzed: clictivism, charitable slactivism, political slactivism and sympathy slactivism. In the context of this typology, another form of slactivism has been added, which is associated with Internet communication – communicative slactivism. In order to solve the tasks of the study were identified the indicators that allow to interpret slactivism in the behavior of Internet users, as well as to distinguish it from activity on the Internet. Such characteristics are: resource provision of online behavior; legitimacy of behavior on the Internet; the presence of the goal and the level of its achievement; level of civic culture and digital literacy; motivation to behave on the Internet; solidarity of online behavior; the identity of the user who exhibits the behavior; the specifics of the reward for the behavior; availability of an Internet campaign to mobilize citizens; the degree of risk of behavior on the Internet. Existing studies in Ukraine that directly related to or were related to the issue of slactivism were analyzed. It was found that the issue of slactivism is practically not considered in the Ukrainian scientific discourse, there is no theoretical and practical basis for the proper definition of this phenomenon in the context of the Ukrainian virtual space.
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Walz, Rainer. « How Do LCD Innovations Differ ? » Dans Handbook of Research on Driving Competitive Advantage through Sustainable, Lean, and Disruptive Innovation, 244–75. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0135-0.ch011.

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Low Carbon Development (LCD) implies to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere and to foster inclusive development. This requires systemic innovations, which can lead to disruptive changes, and the build-up of capabilities to enhance the innovations. LCD offers opportunities to reduce energy costs and to export low-carbon solutions. Various specificities constitute a lock-in into the existing fossil fuel based energy system: technological specificities of grid based infrastructure systems, dependence on regulation to overcome market failures, and the political economy of the energy innovation system. There are also systemic reasons why decisions routines for energy related decisions adapt very slowly to new challenges. The empirical analysis indicates that there is considerable heterogeneity among the countries with regard to their starting positions to overcome the various obstacles and to build the comparative advantages which will enable them to supply the global markets with low carbon technologies.
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Gurjar, Hariom, Akhilesh Tripathi et Mahesh Chandra Joshi. « The Engagement of Indian Private Banks in the Economy Through Off-Balance Sheet Activities ». Dans Civic Engagement in Social and Political Constructs, 95–116. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2364-3.ch005.

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After financial reform, banks in India adopted financial innovations to earn more profits through various off-balance-sheet tools. To gauge the impact of these items on the efficiency of the top private banks, the authors used the non-parametric Malmquist method. They calculated efficiency with and without the inclusion of these items. Technical and technological efficiency changes were calculated to make a total factor productivity change index for ten years, 2008 to 2017. The results for the banks strengthened the dominant view in the current literature, removing off-balance sheet items led to the biased efficiency of these banks. The presence of these items increased the efficiency of the banks. Nonetheless, it also supported that increments in efficiency were more due to technological change. Despite the odd distribution of these items among these banks, they made a significant piece in the income of banks and overlooking them eroded the efficiency of the banks.
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Zinner Henriksen, Helle. « Motivators for IOS Adoption in Denmark ». Dans Advances in Electronic Commerce, 311–24. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-822-2.ch017.

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Organizational adoption of innovations does not always follow easily comprehendible patterns. This is often the case with interorganizational information systems (IOS), where adoption is dependent on attributes related both to the organization and its environment. The present study operationalizes the Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990) model for organizational adoption in order to investigate reasons for adoption and non-adoption among businesses in the Danish steel and machinery industry. This particular industry segment had been subject to massive information campaigns focusing on the benefits of IOS in the form of EDI from business associations. The study suggests that environmental and organizational attributes rather than technological attributes are the main determining forces for adoption of EDI.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Political campaigns – Technological innovations"

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Mazaj, Jelena, Silvana Di Bono et Arabella Mocciaro Li Destri. « THE ROLE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN THE CO-CREATION OF INNOVATIONS FOR INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT : THE MADONIE CASE ». Dans Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.30.

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Rapid social, political, geographic and economic changes in the world, linked to technological revolution of the last century are followed by wide positive and negative changes in people lives and R&I processes (open markets, digitalisation, resource scarcity, poverty, etc.). Looking for solutions for a better future, the EU policy agenda for 2030 promotes actions which foster co-creation of innovations, targets sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals. As such, EU regions are motivated to enhance and capitalise local competences and resources to achieve a social impact and tackle glocal challenges more effectively. Such reinforcement of local development is possible applying interdisciplinarity in R&I processes, through the co-design of innovation by different stakeholders and the empowerment of informal innovation actors. This article presents a methodological framework applied to the co-creation of innovation involving local stakeholders in the Madonie region in Sicily, the results gained and the role of the intermediate body – a Competence Cell responsible for facilitation of such collaboration. This process has been implemented in the frame of the Horizon 2020 FoTRRIS project.
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Kharisov, Firaz, et Chulpan Kharisova. « INNOVATIONS IN NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE EDUCATION ». Dans eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-096.

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INNOVATION IN NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE EDUCATION Education system both in Russia and abroad has its own traditions and customs established throughout the centuries. In some educational institutions there were used non-conventional teaching methods along with traditional ones. However we are aware of the fact that both in those old times and now educational and pedagogic work was founded on the Jan Amos Comenius teaching, that was published in Didactica Magna (1638) that contains 'universal art of teaching everyone everything...'. Despite the fact that every country establishes specific educational systems which capture the peculiarities of socio-political framework and national and cultural differences, there is a certain degree of commonality among them. We understand 'innovation' as a certain novelty that was specifically developed or accidentally discovered through the pedagogical practice. Authors give different meanings to 'novelty' and 'innovation'. Novelty is a new means (new method, new methodology, technology etc.), while Innovation is the process of adopting that means. Innovational teaching is focused on developing an individual who is adaptable to constant changes in society, living conditions, to effective and durable acquisition of science basics by means of developing creative capabilities, thinking, and communication skills through new technology. When using innovation technologies, there occurs transition from lesson (task) systems as a teaching process to a lesson as 'a leading form of living' (lesson-creation, lesson-labor, lesson-communication, lesson-friendship, lesson-meeting, lesson-concerto, lesson-conversation, integrated lesson, lesson-roundtable, lesson-craft, etc.), Innovative approaches when teaching non-native language can be considered from the point of view of innovation-modernization of the teaching process, whereby the result is guaranteed as in traditional reproductive orientation. Technological approach to teaching concerns communicating certain knowledge to a student, forming a certain set of actions based on an example offered by a teacher; innovation-transformation which changes traditional understanding of the educational process and supports the research nature of the cognitive activity. Exploratory approach has an ability to transform traditional learning based on productive activity, which guarantees meeting certain goals and results. Teaching languages by using innovative technologies implies organizing the teaching process in a new, oriented at foreseeing the end results, stimulating students to dynamic communicative activities dialogue which fully leverages the emotional and intellectual potential. By 'technology' we mean a set of methods and techniques, which are used by teachers, as well as educational materials that are used when teaching Tatar language (educational-methodical system, computer technologies, video and audio, etc.). Educational-methodological systems that have been developed in recent years are communication-oriented and contain multiple tests that allow for self-control and teacher-control. Essentially, they bring communication in a non-native language close to natural environment. There are several goals of using modern technologies for teaching non-native languages, o Increasing motivation and interest in studying; o Strengthening cognitive activity; o Creating comfortable environment, the atmosphere of mutual understanding and support when communicating in non-native language; o Developing creative potential and skills, developing initiative. Using new educational technologies implies that the teacher should act in numerous roles: be a producer, a teacher, a student, an organizer of certain type of activity (e.g. games), a consultant, etc. Dr. Firaz F. Kharisov, Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Kazan Federal University Chulpan M. Kharisova, Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Kazan Federal University
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Sarbu, Teodor, Angela Dorogan, Cristina Grosu et Cristina Elena Stroe. « Innovative tool for the circular design of technical textiles ». Dans The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.20.

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Our planet is going through political, economic, social and ecological crisis, which are constantly feeding each other. Human activities driven by a rapidly growing global population, unsustainable economic growth, technological innovations, but also inappropriate production practices and consumption models- create increasing pressures on ecosystems and natural resources. Neither the social nor the ecological crisis can't be overpassed without changing the way of our economic system works and which involves the manner how innovative transformations take place. In this context, it is mandatory to use design as a strategy consist of people to understand the basic principles of design: user orientation, empathy, mental and physical process, future orientation, visual approach, co-creativity, interconnection of complex systems, continuous testing and iteration. The circular design is an innovative tool for implementing the circular economy whose main purpose is: "to connect all material flows, integrating them in a circular process, which ensures efficient consumption of resources and minimizes the amount of resulting waste". The paper presents a practical example of using an interactive map, owned by Delft University of Technology (Netherlands), applied as a technical analysis tool, in order to determine the reuse potential of a technical product components, specifically a laptop bag for transporting personal IT equipment.
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Rayra Fonseca Ferreira, Lorena, et Chesil Batista Silva. « Academic entrepreneurship -The applicability of doctoral and doctoral theses from Campos dos Goytacazes -RJ in the entrepreneurial market ». Dans 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online : Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212422.

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Knowledge combined with innovation has been shown to be a driving factor for the growth and development of sustainable economic markets and, given the reality of the current scenario in Brazil in relation to social, political and economic aspects, see the high rate of unemployment and informal workers that they need emergency governmental support to survive, the importance of cooperative union between academic centers, scientific society, government and private initiative to induce public and institutional policy strategies that cause scientific, technological and social advances, transforming the knowledge in market innovations that generate jobs and income for social actors. In this scenario, stricto sensu postgraduate courses, especially doctorates, have contributed to the advancement of Innovation, Science and Technology, considered to be driversof economic and social change. Thus, assuming that all theses created in university centers precede an intellectual innovation, this research aims to highlight the reasons that lead to low entrepreneurial applicability among doctoral and doctoral student research. The hypothesis raised is that the lack of disciplines interconnected to entrepreneurship in graduate studies creates an imprisonment of Brazilian scientists' ideas in the academic field without other ramifications. The methodological procedures used will be of a qualitative quantitative approach, with regard to the objectives, the research is presented as descriptive and exploratory, having as a procedure bibliographic studies and the creation and application of a questionnaire for doctors and doctoral students in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As a result of this research, I hoped to understand the reasons that lead to the low applicability and insertion of academic ideas in local entrepreneurship and the statistical survey of alternatives for interconnection between researchers and the market.
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Shroff, Meherzad B., et Amit Srivastava. « Hotel Australia to Oberoi Adelaide : The Transnational History of an Adelaide Hotel ». Dans The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online : SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3996p40wb.

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In the decades following the war, the spread of international luxury chain hotels was instrumental in shaping the global image of modernity. It was not simply the export of modernist architecture as a style, but rather a process which brought about an overall transformation of the industry and culture surrounding modern domesticity. For Adelaide, well before the arrival of large brand hotel chains like Hilton and Hyatt, this process was initiated by the construction of its first international style hotel in 1960 – Australia Hotel. The proposed paper traces the history of this structure and its impact not only on local design and construction industries but also on domestic culture and lifestyle after the shadow period of recovery after the war. This paper looks at three specific enduring legacies of this structure that went well beyond the modernist aesthetics employed by its original designers, the local firm of Lucas, Parker and Partners. The hotel was one of the first to employ the new technology of lift-slab construction and was recognised by the Head of Architecture at the University of Adelaide, Professor Jensen, as the outstanding building of 1960. It is argued that it was the engagement with such technological and process innovations that has allowed the building to endure through several renovation attempts. In her study of Hilton International hotels, Annabelle Wharton argues how architecture was used for America’s expansion to global economic and political power. Following on from her arguments, this paper explores the implications of the acquisition of the Australia Hotel by the Indian hotel chain Oberoi Hotels in the late 1970s when it became Oberoi Adelaide. The patronage of Indian hotelier Mohan Singh Oberoi came alongside the parallel acquisition of Hotel Windsor in Melbourne, heralding a new era of engagement with Asia. Finally, the paper also highlights the broader impact of this hotel, as a leisure venue for the burgeoning middle class, on the evolving domestic culture of Adelaide.
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Desideri, U., S. Proietti, F. Zepparelli, P. Sdringola et E. Cenci. « Life Cycle Assessment of a Reflective Foil Material and Comparison With Other Solutions for Thermal Insulation of Buildings ». Dans ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54786.

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In the last twenty years, the exploitation of non-renewable resources and the effects of their applications on environment and human health were considered central topics in political and scientific debate on European and worldwide scale. This kind of resources have been used in different sectors, as energy systems, technological research, but also in private/public buildings and production of consumer goods, involving significantly domestic and ordinary life of every human being. Studies about the effect of this exploitation carried out discouraging results, in terms of climate changes and energy sustenance; this determined a progressive approach process to a new concept of development, able to couple the qualitative standard of modern life with the respect of planet and its inhabitants. Starting from this reflection, scientific community moved towards research on alternative resources and developed a new way to conceive planning process and technical innovations, in order to exploit renewable energies and recycled materials, promote energy savings and reduce environmental pollution. In this context the present paper aims at evaluating benefits relating to different solutions of thermal insulation in building envelope. In fact a high grade of insulation ensures better comfort conditions in inner spaces, reducing energy consumptions due to heating and cooling conditioning. The paper presents the results of a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the reflective foil ISOLIVING, conceived and produced by an Italian company. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology allows to consider all stages of the life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials to the product’s disposal, in an optics “from cradle to grave.” In particular, the study takes into account the production phase of the reflective foil ISOLIVING, the installation phase, the transport of all components to the production site and also the end of life scenario of the material. The possibility to collect many detailed information about the production phase adds value to the study. The analysis is carried out according to UNI EN ISO 14040 and UNI EN ISO 14044, which regulate the LCA procedure. The LCA modeling was performed using SimaPro software application. The results of the analysis allow to make an important comparison concerning the environmental performances, between the reflective foil ISOLIVING and other types of insulating materials.
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Pepler, Giles. « DEVELOPING POLICIES TO STIMULATE THE UPTAKE OF OER IN EUROPE ». Dans eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-040.

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The POERUP project This paper presents research, analysis and policy recommendations from the POERUP (Policies for OER Up Take) project. The overall aim is to develop policies to promote the uptake of OER, especially across the EU, in all main educational sectors. The project has already created an inventory of more than 400 OER initiatives worldwide, documented on the project wiki. POERUP has produced 11 country reports and 19 mini-reports and is finalising seven case studies of notable OER initiatives. Outcomes of our research In the schools sector, it appears that there are very large numbers of European OERs which are potentially appropriate for K-12 education, a significant proportion of which emanate from museums, galleries, archives and national broadcasters. Although there appears to be some uncertainty concerning the availability of K-12 OER, they form potentially a valuable element in policy responses to austerity and to improve the learner experience in the school sector. However our research reports a range of barriers and disincentives to using OER. Although the development of vocational training has been a subject of enhanced political cooperation at the European level during the past decade, only one of the notable OER initiatives we have catalogued is targeted towards the VET sector and there is little evidence of any national or regional policies on OER for VET. In Universities the various schemes for quality in OER are so far ignored by national HE quality agencies or governments - not surprising when they mostly ignore similar schemes for quality in e-learning, even though e-learning (on- or off-campus) has far greater penetration than OER. Types of policy interventions Our research leads us to recommend three strands of policy interventions: o Linking OER to open access to research and to standards. o Fostering the phenomena that OER is said to facilitate. o Reducing the barriers to creation of innovative institutions and innovative practices. POERUP has produced three draft EU-level policy documents for universities, VET and schools. This paper integrates recommendations from the three sectors. POERUP is also producing policy documents for 5 Member States. Policy recommendations for the Commission and Member States OER is part of the broader fields of e-learning and distance learning and many of our recommendations are applicable in these broader contexts. They are grouped under seven headings and all are mapped against Opening Up Education; recommendations to Member States are specified. Communication and awareness raising: o Continue to promote the OER related initiatives currently being funded. o Facilitate exchange of experiences from national programmes between Member States. o Mount a campaign to educate university and school staff on IPR issues. Funding mechanisms and licensing issues o Ensure that any public outputs from EU programmes are available as open resources. o Continue to promote the availability and accessibility of open resources created through its cultural sector programmes. o Create an innovation fund for the development of online learning resources and assembling/ creating pathways to credentials. o Use Erasmus+ and Horizon 2020 to encourage partnerships between creators of educational content to increase the supply of quality OER and other digital educational materials in different languages, to develop new business models and to develop technical solutions. o Establish a European Hub of Digitally Innovative Education institutions, complemented by a specific European Award of Digital Excellence. o Authorities developing the EHEA should reduce the regulatory barriers against new non-study-time-based modes of provision. o Encourage Member States to increase their scrutiny of the cost basis for university teaching and consider the benefits of output-based funding for qualifications. o Support the development of technological methods to provide more and standardised information on IPR to the users of digital educational content. o Member States should ensure that budgets for digital educational resources are flexible enough to support the development (and maintenance) of openly licensed materials. Quality issues o Require OER to meet (disability) accessibility standards and should ensure that accessibility is a central tenet of all OER programmes and initiatives. o Establish a European quality assurance standard for OER content produced in Europe. o Member States should ensure that OER are allowed to be included on approved instructional materials lists. o Member States should consider establishing and funding an OER evaluation and adoption panel. Teacher training and continuous professional development o Encourage Member States to establish incentive and award schemes for teachers engaged in online professional development of their pedagogic skills, including online learning. o Member States should establish a professional development programme to support CPD on the creation, use and re-use of OER, with coverage of distance learning, MOOCs and IPR issues. Certification and accreditation o Drive forward the development of EQF and encourage Europe-wide validation of learning acquired online. o Foster the development of transnational accrediting agencies and mutual recognition of accreditations across the EU. o Explore and test digital competence frameworks and self-assessment tools for learners, teachers and organisations, including the tailoring of 'open badges' to the needs of learners. Infrastructure issues o Continue its focus on improving the ICT in education infrastructure in Members States to enable them to exploit potential pedagogical and financial advantages of OER. Further research o Develop its understanding of new modes of learning (including online, distance, OER and MOOCs) and how they impact quality assurance and recognition. o Support research into the benefits of OER & sustainable business models. o Launch a platform open to all stakeholders to record and benchmark the digital state of educational institutions.
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Canina, Marita, Carmen Bruno et Eva Monestier. « An operational framework of methods for designing ethical and sustainable future digital scenarios ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001507.

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The rapid pace of technological innovations is changing almost every aspect of people’s lives. Indeed, digital technologies are reshaping behaviors and human interactions as well as having great impacts on the environmental, political and economic level (Schwab, 2016). In this scenario, it becomes paramount for people to be able to adapt to this increasingly digital environment to reach the so-called Digital Maturity (MIT Sloan Management Review, 2017) and to recognize and unlock the huge potentialities of emerging technologies to foster sustainable development (WEF & PwC, 2020).Such topics are being addressed and tackled by the Digital Creativity for developing Digital Maturity Future Skills (DC4DM) European Project [1], a three-year project funded by the Erasmus + Program and whose outcome will be the spread of an educational model to train students to become Digital Maturity Enablers, new professional figures up-skilled to drive the change and to creatively envision future possibilities. Digital Maturity Enablers, indeed, have to possess a set of Digital Creative Abilities (DCAs) which encompass all those competencies, attitudes and mindsets that allow them to unleash their full creative potential. The empowerment and practice of such DCAs are enabled by the DC4DM educational model, a creativity-driven design model to free learners’ creativity and ease the achievement of a Digital Maturity (Bruno & Canina, 2021).Some DCAs can be trained simultaneously and are thus grouped in the so-called Drivers, clusters of DCAs that allow learners to gain awareness on paramount topics applied to digital technologies, namely digital ethics and sustainability, collaboration, technology foresight, data collection and complexity. Within this context, the aim of the paper is to introduce an operational framework built as part of the methodology used to identify the most important methods and tools to enhance the DCAs related to ethics, sustainability and futures thinking. Indeed, an ad hoc methodology was implemented in order to provide a systematic overview of the existing resources that could be useful to develop the competencies to design responsibly and sustainably with digital technologies and to envision futures possibilities. The effort has been channeled into mapping and clustering methods, tools, techniques and formats i.e. every type of resource that could help students acquire the creative abilities included in the cross model area called “Digital Responsibility and Sustainability”. As a matter of fact, the initial draft of the DC4DM model, the starting point to conceive the methodology, consisted of three phases, namely Pre-Process, Process and Post-Process, and a cross model area which included all the ethics, sustainability and futures thinking-related abilities essential when dealing with digital technologies. In order to filter and systematize the selected resources, these three dimensions have been considered as macro-categories and some criteria identified to steer the classification process. Based on their objectives, all the resources have been mapped on the DC4DM model, sorted between the Pre-Process and Process phase and finally collected in a digital booklet. So far the booklet has been used internally by the DC4DM consortium which is actually willing to make it an open online repository accessible to anyone interested in improving specific abilities. [1] https://www.dc4dm.eu/
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Cieślik, Ewa. « THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND CHINESE DIGITAL SILK ROAD ». Dans Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0018.

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Over the recent decades, the changes in the paradigm of international trade have been observed. As the result of decreasing of trade barriers as well as the reduction in trade costs allowed companies to divide their production into stages and to locate it in different countries according to their competitive advantage. Eventually, the production process has become more fragmented, both geographically and vertically. It means that intermediate products are shipped across boarders many times and every exporting economy provides some value added according to its competitive advantage. As a result, global value chains have become one of the most important feature of international trade. Following (Gereffi & Fernandez-Stark, 2011), in this study global value chains are defined as “the full range of activities that firms and workers do to bring a product from its conception to its end use”. Humphrey and Schmitz (2002) pointed out four types of upgrading in global value chains: product, process, functional and chain. Product and process upgrading involve companies retaining their positions in global value chains by enhancing productivity gains through adopting new product processes or “new configurations of product mix”. Thus, functional upgrading involves a slicing up the global value chains into new activity which generates higher value added, e.g. own brand manufacturing. In turn, chain upgrading involves a going up to new activity, which needs higher skills and capital and value added. Milberg and Winkler (2013) offered similar classifications of upgrading. Production fragmentation has caused a rapid increase in trade in intermediate goods as often companies offshore an intermediate stage of production process. Offshoring production has been typical to manufacturing (Timmer, et al., 2012), however, services have been often overlooked, but play a major role, especially in supporting global value chains (Kommerskollegium 2013). In turn, Digital Silk Road, announced in 2015, has become a significant part of Chinese Belt and Road Initiative strategy. China has implemented this strategy as a part of its long-term technological plan, under which China provides support to its exporters, including many well-known technology companies and builds a network of cooperation with selected countries in the field of technology, including ICT infrastructure, services, 5G networks, e-commerce, etc. China's rapid technological changes must not go unnoticed by trading partners, including analysed European countries, which, to maintain international competitiveness, are increasing the technological advancement and enhancing market protection against Chinese technology. Until recently, the value added from China to European countries was concentrated mainly on medium technology industries and value added from Europe to China focused more on advanced goods and services. Nowadays, there is a redirection of Chinese value added to high-tech activities (including service activities), which reflects China's ambition to build an economy that leads to innovation and industry 4.0. The transition of the CEE states’ economic and political systems initiated in the early 1990s, earned them the EU membership in 2004. The accession to the EU’s structures meant that these countries achieved the free-market economy status and they should be treated as the full member of the global business networks. Moreover, the decline in trade costs (transport and transaction), greater openness of their market and the removal of trade barriers have all helped the CEE states to join global value chains. Hence, the CEE economies are going to be more heavily involved in global production linkages. Many empirical studies have presented the close and dynamic integration of these countries with the EU market (especially the EU-15) and in a more limited scope with the whole global economy as well (Behar and Freund 2011). Generally, democratisation, the strengthening of political and economic relations (particularly with the EU), and the modernisation of many sectors (including financial sector, more advanced industries), were common elements of the CEE countries long-term development policies. One of their priorities was the redirection of foreign trade towards the EU and joining the global production linkages where China has become the core producer. Recently, the role of the economy in global value chains is more determined by the advancement of value added that it offers. Companies move toward services and innovations in the business model (Nenenen & Storbacka, 2010) and introduce industry 4.0 (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, 2016). A symptom of these novelty is a concept of servicification of manufacturing (Neely et al. 2011) and cross-sectoral connections, which have reconstructed traditional global value chains (Naude et al. 2019) and, together with Industry 4.0, is expected to change the landscape of global manufacturing. As a result of facilitation of manufacturing, economies placed in the downstream market can improve their role in global value chains. In Europe, this can be an opportunity for most Central and Eastern European countries. Analyzing changes in CEE’s role in technological global value chains, we should take into account its two most important value-added suppliers: China and Germany, as well as their most important value-added buyer - Germany. These three economies established a sort of value added flows triangle. The regional supply chains built by Germany in the CEE allowed it to maintain a comparative advantage in sectors important for the economy, while helping the CEE countries join global value chains, positively influencing economic growth, but also reducing them to entities operating in less advanced stages of production (Jacoby, 2010; Fortwengel, 2011). Today, Germany also cooperates strongly with China (as a result of Digital Silk Road), and the CEE economies (especially the Visegrad Group) are increasingly dependent on Chinese value added, still linked to German value added. The most visible connections can be found in automotive and electronics. Hence, the question is: how strong are these links in servicification of manufacturing and whether there are visible trends in value-added flows in between this triangle in the era of industry 4.0 and Chinese Digital Silk Road. The research question seems to be relevant, thus in the subject literature, little is known about the mentioned relations (Roland Berger, 2021). The research method based on the analysis of data from the OECD Trade in Value Added databases, containing the world input-output tables for the period 2005–2018. The system of balance equations in the input-output model for one economy has been adopted to a multi-economy model. The model is described in more detail in (Koopman et al. 2013 or Hummels et al, 2001) and is based on the decomposition of gross exports. The method includes not only estimates of total value added in global value chains, but also calculations at both the mezoeconomic level and cross-sectoral flows of value added (including servicification of manufacturing). The results of analysis showed that most relations between economies continued to deepen the imbalance in flows of value added. The CEE economies are making their manufacturing increasingly dependent on advanced services (both from Germany and China). On the other hand, the share of CEE services to Chinese and German manufacturing is decreasing or remains steady. However, some trends could be observed in the last years, especially between Germany and China. German manufacturing is starting to rely more on Chinese value added (information and communication technologies services and the subgroup computer programming, consultancy and information services activities in manufacturing, information and communication technologies services' value added in transport equipment), although previously Germany provided more of these services to China. In telecommunications in manufacturing between CEE and Germany, the trend has turned against CEE. However, there was no direct compensation between pairs of economies, but the decrease in German value-added flows to China resulted in a much larger increase in value-added from China in German manufacturing. If the presented changes in flows were to reflect the effectiveness of Chinese industry 4.0 and Digital Silk Road. These strategies serve their purposes and increases not only the advancement of Chinese value-added exports, but also makes important economies dependent on this added value. On the contrary, the industry 4.0 strategy in CEE has not improved its position in the triad. Germany has still a strong position as a provider of value added, but its dependence on foreign value added is high, which derives from the links with CEE.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Political campaigns – Technological innovations"

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Cachalia, Firoz, et Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.

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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.
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