Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Politica regionale europea »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Politica regionale europea"
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van Meerhaeghe, Marcel A. G. « The Regional Policy of the European Communities and the Subsidiarity Principle* ». Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 15, no 2 (1 octobre 1997) : 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907782897.
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Abstract Il principio di «sussidiarietà» è stato utilizzato nell’ambito europeo per indicare che le decisioni non devono essere prese al livello più alto (Comunità), quando è possibile prenderle a livelli minori (Stati membri).Dopo essersi soffermato sul principio di sussidiarietà, evidenziandone il carattere dinamico, questo scritto approfondisce la politica regionale della Comunità Europea, dapprima delineando le principali norme del Trattato di Roma che riguardano la politica regionale e poi considerando la corrispondente politica.Vengono particolarmente approfonditi i problemi delle regioni prioritarie e i principali strumenti della politica in loro sostegno, i cosiddetti «fondi strutturali», giungendo alia conclusione che sino ad oggi tali strumenti non hanno dato luogo a risultati conformi alle aspettative.
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Merger, Michčle. « La politica ferroviaria europea : dalla prudenza alla liberalizzazione (1957-2007)* ». MEMORIA E RICERCA, no 30 (juillet 2009) : 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-030010.
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- This article analyses the European Commission's efforts to encourage the development of efficient rail sector. The potential of railways for expanding their share of both passenger and freight transport was seriously limited by rail systems fragmented into national market shaped by national transport policies. The Commission stressed the importance of the necessary transformation of railway market that requires the following priorities: liberalization, free access market and competition, interoperability including both high speed and conventional rail networks. The European Commission's action (i.e. directive 91/440 and the railway packages) is intended to a renaissance of rail traffic, but the European States and the "historical" railway operators seem reluctant to apply these ambitious and "revolutionary" initiatives.Parole chiave: Commissione Europea, Politica di liberalizzazione, Sistema ferrociario, Politiche di trasporto statali, Operatori ferroviari, Politica regionale della CEE European Commission, Liberalization Policy, Rail System, National Transport Policies, Railway Operators, EEC Regional Policy
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Grazi, Laura. « Origini e sfide della politica regionale comunitaria : dagli studi preliminari all'Atto unico europeo (1957-1986) ». MEMORIA E RICERCA, no 30 (juillet 2009) : 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-030005.
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- The article describes the different stages which marked the elaboration of the EEC regional policy starting from the preliminary studies in the Sixties to the formal inclusion of this domain in the Single European Act (1986). The creation of the European Regional Development Fund (1975) and its reforms are crucial events in the definition of the EEC regional policy which highlight the slow and difficult passage from a system redistributing money among Member States to the launch of new form of supranational territorial solidarity. The ERDF, that was initially linked to the need to rearrange the financial benefits of membership/accession to the EEC for some members States (in particular, Italy and Great Britain), was later rearranged in order to allow more autonomous policy choices at the Community level (Community programmes). The Integrated Mediterranean Programmes, adopted in the Eighties, are the symbol of this new approach because they linked EEC regional measures to common problems arising from economic integration and increased the coordinating functions of the Commission.Parole chiave: Politica regionale della CEE, Commissione europea, Economie regionali, FESR, Programmi comunitari, PIM EEC Regional Policy; European Commission, Regional Economies, European Regional Development Fund, Community Programmes, Integrated Mediterranean Programmes
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Gambino, Silvio. « Parabole evolutive e problematiche attuali del regionalismo, fra riforme attuate, inattuate (federalismo fiscale, Carta delle autonomie) e aleggiate (regionalismo differenziato) .. a vent'anni dalla riforma del Titolo V della Costituzione ». CITTADINANZA EUROPEA (LA), no 2 (janvier 2022) : 63–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ceu2021-002003.
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Dopo qualche cenno (anche di tipo metodologico) sulle problematiche evolutive del regionalismo nel primo dopoguerra repubblicano, nel contributo sono analizzate - anche in una prospettiva comparata con le omologhe forme di decentramento territoriale dei poteri osservabili negli Stati europei a forma regionale e in quelli a forma federale - alcune delle problematiche del riparto dei poteri alla luce dei venti anni successivi alle riforme costituzionali del Titolo V, per interrogarsi conclusivamente sui nuovi rapporti venutisi a determinare fra autonomia politica regionale, impatto della crisi economica, integrazione europea e problematiche di effettività dei diritti, soprattutto (sociali ma non solo).
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Sotte, Franco. « Il peso della politica agricola sul bilancio dell'Unione Europea ». ARGOMENTI, no 33 (décembre 2011) : 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/arg2011-033002.
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L'obiettivo di questo lavoro č di suggerire l'adozione di un approccio fondato sull'evidenza nell'analisi della spesa della politica agricola comune (PAC). Il dibattito sulla spesa per la PAC si basa generalmente sulle immagini ex-ante del bilancio, cosě come queste sono presentate nel quadro finanziario pluriennale e, prima di ogni esercizio finanziario, sugli stanziamenti di bilancio. Ma questa immagine č molto diversa da quella ex-post come appare dai pagamenti effettivi risultanti a consuntivo nelle relazioni finanziarie. Queste differenze si concentrano soprattutto sulle politiche strutturali (come la politica di sviluppo regionale e quella di sviluppo rurale), mentre non esistono differenze, o sono minime, nella spesa relativa alle politiche di mero trasferimento (come quella del 1° pilastro della PAC). Basata com'č su un'immagine parziale e distorta della spesa, la discussione sulla riforma della PAC risulta distorta essa stessa.
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Pergolizzi, Antonio, et Emanuela Somalvico. « Le bonifiche delle discariche in procedura di infrazione UE. Criticità, infiltrazioni criminali e proposte di policy ». PRISMA Economia - Società - Lavoro, no 2 (février 2022) : 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pri2020-002005.
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L'articolo passa in rassegna la lunga e complessa evoluzione, politica e normativa, delle procedure di bonifiche dei siti contaminati, individuando criticità, contraddizioni, opacità, lentezze e manifestazioni di illegalità. A livello generale, almeno due sono emerse come le principali criticità di sistema, che hanno fatto da freno alle attività concrete di bonifica: 1) criteri non idonei di scelta per l'identificazione del sito da bonificare; 2) errata ripartizione delle responsabilità tra gli enti territoriali, che spesso non hanno adeguati mezzi e risorse, soprattutto in termini di personale qualificato per rispondere a procedure così complesse. Anche da questa prospettiva, l'inquinamento diffuso provato anche dalla presenza dei siti da bonificare rappresentano il punto finale di un processo di sviluppo industriale e consumistico privo di regole e di limiti. Deregulation che è valsa per almeno un quarantennio, un ampio arco temporale in cui il territorio nazionale ha visto l'esplosione dei siti inquinati (di interesse nazionale, regionale o comunale), dove per almeno 200 casi l'Unione Europea ha addirittura aperto due distinte procedure d'infrazione. Procedure che sono costate all'Italia oltre 40 milioni, più una penalità semestrale iniziale di 42.800.000 euro. Per far fronte a questo salasso il 24 marzo 2017 il Governo dell'epoca ha costituto il Commissario Straordinario di Governo per svolgere la missione di bonifica e messa in sicurezza degli 81 siti di discarica abusivi sotto procedura di infrazione a seguito della Sentenza di condanna sanzionatoria della Corte di giustizia dell'Unione Europea del 2 dicembre 2014.
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SONG, XINNING. « European ‘models’ and their implications to China : internal and external perspectives ». Review of International Studies 36, no 3 (juillet 2010) : 755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000835.
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AbstractEuropean Studies in China developed very rapidly in the last twenty years. The reasons for that are not only because of the smooth evolution of EU-China relations and wider and deeper economic interdependence between two economic giants, but also the relevance of the European models to China's domestic political and social development, as well as China's external relations. The article reviews the evolution of the European Studies in China and finds out that more and more research on European affairs relates to China's internal and external development. Two major aspects of the learning process are exploited further. Firstly, European models for China's domestic political and social development, including European party politics and Democratic Socialism, European social policy and social security systems, and European regional policies. Secondly, European models for China's foreign policy and external relations, including European neighbourhood policy, European concept of effective multilateralism, Europe as an example of peaceful rise, and functionalism as the way to East Asian regional integration. The EU or Europe has higher profile in China than any other Asia Pacific country. From the domestic political and social development and China's preference in international affairs we can see the silhouette of the European models. Chinese would like to learn more from Europe than the United States. It also shows clearly that the role of the EU as a social power.
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Tereshchuk, Vitaliy. « Political and Institutional Characteristics of the Entry of the CEE Region into Regional Media Systems During the Bipolar and Post-Bipolar Periods ». Politeja 15, no 6(57) (13 août 2019) : 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.57.12.
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In the newly shaped post‑WWI Europe the CEE region was an integral part of the pan‑European media system. The iron curtain that split Europe into two parts in the bipolar period, inevitably led to the emergence of two separate media systems, i.e. the Western European one and the one driven by the USSR (and existing predominantly in Eastern‑European states). These systems were institutionalized by the establishment of separate broadcasting alliances and corresponding TV programme exchange networks. At the same time, in the context of the Cold War, the CEE region was a key target of Western broadcasting with the aim to counter Soviet propaganda and political influence. This factor reinforced by the willingness of the CEE countries to preserve their European identity caused the socialist media system (as well as other Soviet integration projects) to remain artificial and to be rejected in the region. It was clearly confirmed at the beginning of the post‑bipolar period, when, after the collapse of the socialist camp and the USSR, the Soviet‑driven International Radio and Television Organization ceased to exist, and the CEE countries integrated into the European Broadcasting Union, unleashing their desire to “return to Europe”. At the same time, in the context of a policy aimed at preserving control over the post‑Soviet space, Russia makes efforts which could be regarded as an attempt to restore (preserve) the common media space in the post‑Soviet territories. In the paper the CEE region is regarded in the broadest way, including all states which were in socialist bloc, and appropriate former European Soviet republics.
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Petrovic, Pero, et Miroslav Antevski. « Regional economic integration in Europe : Effects and open issues ». Medjunarodni problemi 58, no 1-2 (2006) : 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0602084p.
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In analyzing regional economic integration in Europe the authors pay special attention to the development in the European Union, for other forms of regional or sub regional integration at the continent are in fact mostly transitional and provisional, and directly connected with EU. The authors argue that in spite of considerable success and high level of integration of the EU, several important open issues remain in that process. They are results of mixed character of European integration: political and economic. Too many kinds of interests are of opposed character, and it is very hard to harmonize them in real politics. The main problems in the EU have their cause in the nature of European integration: international competitiveness of European economy, social character of European states, national productivity, challenges of enlargement.
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White, Jonathan. « Responding to Norm Indeterminacy outside the Nation-State Frame ». Comparative Sociology 9, no 5 (2010) : 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913210x12548913482393.
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AbstractI examine responses to norm indeterminacy in the transnational context, focusing on regional integration in post-War Europe. I argue that the development of the European Union has been facilitated by the use of a legitimizing device whereby policy decisions at a European level are cast as beyond the scope of reasonable political disagreement and therefore distinct from the conditions which make democracy a desirable political form at the national level. This rejection of the political significance of norm indeterminacy has led to a widely diagnosed trend of “depoliticization” in European politics. The paper examines how best to understand this trend, and explores how an adapted account of “enlightened localism” might offer better ways of coping with indeterminate norms.
Thèses sur le sujet "Politica regionale europea"
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Muccigrosso, Teo <1977>. « La valutazione degli effetti delle politiche di coesione dell'Unione europea sulla crescita regionale ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1997/1/MUCCIGROSSO_Teo_tesi.pdf.
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This PhD thesis aims at providing an evaluation of EU Cohesion policy impact on regional growth. It employs methodologies and data sources never before applied for this purpose. Main contributions to the literature concerning EU regional policy effectiveness have been extensively analysed. Moreover, having carried out an overview of the current literature on Cohesion Policy, we deduce that this work introduces innovative features in the field.
The work enriches the current literature with regards to two aspects. The first aspect concerns the use of the instrument of Regression Discontinuity Design in order to examine the presence of a different outcome in terms of growth between Objectives 1 regions and non-Objective 1 regions at the cut-off point (75 percent of EU-15 GDP per capita in PPS) during the two programming periods, 1994-1999 and 2000-2006. The results confirm a significant difference higher than 0.5 percent per year between the two groups.
The other empirical evaluation regards the study of a cross-section regression model based on the convergence theory that analyses the dependence relation between regional per capita growth and EU Cohesion policy expenditure in several fields of interventions. We have built a very fine dataset of spending variables (certified expenditure), using sources of data directly provided from the Regional Policy Directorate of the European Commission.
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Muccigrosso, Teo <1977>. « La valutazione degli effetti delle politiche di coesione dell'Unione europea sulla crescita regionale ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1997/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This PhD thesis aims at providing an evaluation of EU Cohesion policy impact on regional growth. It employs methodologies and data sources never before applied for this purpose. Main contributions to the literature concerning EU regional policy effectiveness have been extensively analysed. Moreover, having carried out an overview of the current literature on Cohesion Policy, we deduce that this work introduces innovative features in the field.
The work enriches the current literature with regards to two aspects. The first aspect concerns the use of the instrument of Regression Discontinuity Design in order to examine the presence of a different outcome in terms of growth between Objectives 1 regions and non-Objective 1 regions at the cut-off point (75 percent of EU-15 GDP per capita in PPS) during the two programming periods, 1994-1999 and 2000-2006. The results confirm a significant difference higher than 0.5 percent per year between the two groups.
The other empirical evaluation regards the study of a cross-section regression model based on the convergence theory that analyses the dependence relation between regional per capita growth and EU Cohesion policy expenditure in several fields of interventions. We have built a very fine dataset of spending variables (certified expenditure), using sources of data directly provided from the Regional Policy Directorate of the European Commission.
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GASPARINI, NICOLETTA. « La dimensione culturale della politica regionale dell'Unione europea : i fondi strutturali per la cultura : criticità e prospettive di sviluppo per il territorio laziale ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201853.
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Hopkins, William John. « Regional autonomy in the European Union ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14715/.
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Demczyk, Michael J. « POLITICAL EXPRESSION OF REGIONAL IDENTITY IN SCOTLAND AND WALES : THE EFFECTS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ». Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1122928124.
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Thesis (PH. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Political Science, 2005.Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], vii, 101 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-99).
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BRUNO, VALERIO ALFONSO. « IL RUOLO EUROPEO DELLA GERMANIA DALLA CRISI ECONOMICA AL 2015 : L'INFLUENZA REGIONALE TRA EGEMONIA RILUTTANTE E CAPACITA'DI LEADERSHIP ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/17946.
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La ricerca indaga qual sia stato il ruolo regionale della Germania nel periodo che va dalla crisi economica del 2008 al 2015 basandosi su tre elementi in particolare:
1)Tipologia/stile di potere regionale. Il potere esercitato dalla Germania a livello regionale di tipo egemonico coercitivo o benevolente e multilaterale.
2)Guida/conduzione della regione. L'efficacia complessiva della guida/conduzione regionale della Germania nel periodo post-crisi.
3)Influenza complessiva. L’influenza complessiva del potere della Germania a livello regionale tra il 2008 ed il 2015.
La ricerca sostiene che la Germania, successivamente alla crisi economica globale, abbia disposto nell’arco temporale 2008-2015 di un potere molto efficace, sia a livello deliberato che non-intenzionale, sviluppando un ruolo regionale non sempre ben definito, esibendo tuttavia tratti caratteristici più assimilabili alla leadership in senso stretto e dimostrandosi spesso molto capace nel condurre la regione europea attraverso situazioni critiche.The research investigates what has been the particular role of Germany in the period from the 2008 economic crisis up to 2015, based on three elements in particular: 1) Type/style of regional power. The power exercised by Germany, on a continuum from a regional hegemonic type to a benevolent and multilateral leadership. 2) Guide/conduct of region. The overall effectiveness of Germany's regional guide role in the post-crisis period. 3) Overall influence or "power over outcomes". The influence excercised by Germany at the regional level between 2008 and 2015. The research supports eventually that Germany, following the global economic crisis, has disposed during the period 2008-2015 of a very effective power (both intentional and non-intentional) developing a particular regional role not always in a clear and defined way, exhibiting indeed traits similar to a leadership and being often capable of leading the European region through critical situations.
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BRUNO, VALERIO ALFONSO. « IL RUOLO EUROPEO DELLA GERMANIA DALLA CRISI ECONOMICA AL 2015 : L'INFLUENZA REGIONALE TRA EGEMONIA RILUTTANTE E CAPACITA'DI LEADERSHIP ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/17946.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca indaga qual sia stato il ruolo regionale della Germania nel periodo che va dalla crisi economica del 2008 al 2015 basandosi su tre elementi in particolare:
1)Tipologia/stile di potere regionale. Il potere esercitato dalla Germania a livello regionale di tipo egemonico coercitivo o benevolente e multilaterale.
2)Guida/conduzione della regione. L'efficacia complessiva della guida/conduzione regionale della Germania nel periodo post-crisi.
3)Influenza complessiva. L’influenza complessiva del potere della Germania a livello regionale tra il 2008 ed il 2015.
La ricerca sostiene che la Germania, successivamente alla crisi economica globale, abbia disposto nell’arco temporale 2008-2015 di un potere molto efficace, sia a livello deliberato che non-intenzionale, sviluppando un ruolo regionale non sempre ben definito, esibendo tuttavia tratti caratteristici più assimilabili alla leadership in senso stretto e dimostrandosi spesso molto capace nel condurre la regione europea attraverso situazioni critiche.The research investigates what has been the particular role of Germany in the period from the 2008 economic crisis up to 2015, based on three elements in particular: 1) Type/style of regional power. The power exercised by Germany, on a continuum from a regional hegemonic type to a benevolent and multilateral leadership. 2) Guide/conduct of region. The overall effectiveness of Germany's regional guide role in the post-crisis period. 3) Overall influence or "power over outcomes". The influence excercised by Germany at the regional level between 2008 and 2015. The research supports eventually that Germany, following the global economic crisis, has disposed during the period 2008-2015 of a very effective power (both intentional and non-intentional) developing a particular regional role not always in a clear and defined way, exhibiting indeed traits similar to a leadership and being often capable of leading the European region through critical situations.
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Limonta, Marina <1993>. « REGIONAL DIVERGENCES IN WESTERN EUROPE. SKILL CONVERGENCE AND REGIONAL RESPONSES TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGE ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15300.
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The first section of the thesis provides a sequence of theories and models by regional economics come over the last fifty years. Locational theory, regional growth and local development theories, give us understanding to the role of “space”, that is included as an economic resource of the “territory” in which firms are situated and generate advantages. By the patent distribution analysis, it is evident that agglomeration economies are leading city regions through an exponential growth due to positive externalities, and it is causing an opposite direction for the less favoured regions which carried problems such as missing knowledge, income inequalities, less incentives to growth and networking. Evidences agreed that inequality among European Union’s regions has turned considerably up at the early 2000, after having fallen in the 1990s from the previously high-level period. The less favoured regions, such as small and medium-sized manufacturing cities and regions, have suffered employment and income. On the other hand, the more favoured regions, large metropolitan areas, are now up to the positive wave of good income and employment. Since the 2000s, complex technology has an important role in urban agglomeration, but does not take the place of some (tacit) knowledge embodied in social network. This concept explains the role of human capital, which due to complex economic and consequently growth economic. The second part of the thesis provides an empirical analysis concerning the differential evolution of skills migration by unit of metropolitan statistical area (MSA), which is ranked by high-skill workers over low-skill workers, in the period of time 2000-2010. The empirical study is inspired by a different in differences analysis by Giannone (2017). The analysis shows that both the relative price and supply of skill increased since 1980, suggesting an increase in relative demand for educated workers. The literature named Skill-Biased Technical Change (SBTC) this shift in demand, and researchers explain how SBTC led to rise in earning inequalities. These tendencies of development in favours geographical concentration of the best jobs and high skills, have confirmed the divergence through EU regions. On one side, metropolitan regions are the fundamental motors of European’s overall prosper. By the other side, periphery regions are on their way of declining prosperity and lack of real opportunity, which is not only economically inefficient, but also socially and politically dangerous. The third section of the thesis look at the “Great Divergence” (Moretti, 2012) in a way to observe the agglomeration and SBTC effects which leads to a spatial wage convergence decreased. Many cities and regions across Europe’s economic peripheries have been stuck in a low- development trap. As few researchers questioned, does it mean that policy should react and focus on equity instead of agglomeration? According to Rodríguez-Pose (2017), weak institutions and poor-quality government are crucial obstacle to development. Instead, the capability to generate prosperity and maximizing the territorial potential to generate and share positive externalities, is an attitude which differs trough regions and, even more, countries. Place-sensitive distributed development policies (PSDDP) refer to an innovative development policy approach which remain sensitive to the characteristics, features and conditions of every territory. Different development regions require different policy approaches.The study case takes into observation Italy, with focus on North/South regions behaviour, and Germany in a wide sense and with refer to later developed German Democratic Republic regions.To better understand the migration of high skill since their initial skill ratio, it is investigated which role institutions have in the process, especially in education system, with a focus on Italian central unit system and German autonomous regional system.
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Howlett, D. « An analysis of a regional nuclear safeguards organisation : The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the development of nuclear safeguards in Western Europe ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235227.
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Koh, Jae Bang. « Regional disadvantages and economic and political integration within the European Community / ». The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487778663286902.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Politica regionale europea"
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Sapienza, Elvira. La politica regionale dell'Unione europea. Milano : LED, 2005.
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Nigro, Giampiero, dir. Reti marittime come fattori dell’integrazione europea / Maritime Networks as a Factor in European Integration. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-856-3.
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Il tema, di grande respiro, prende come punto di partenza il concetto braudeliano di Mediterraneo. La sua visione di un mare chiuso come una opportunità geografica per una integrazione economica fra popolazioni diverse per religioni, linguaggi ed entità etniche e politiche continua a funzionare come modello per studi applicati ad un ampio raggio di contesti. L’obiettivo che si è posta la 50ª Settimana di studi è stato quello di andare oltre lo studio dei singoli sistemi visti in modo isolato per combinare diverse analisi di mari aperti e chiusi o aree costiere, allo scopo di comprendere il ruolo di integrazione giocato in Europa dalle connessioni marittime. Poiché nelle civiltà preindustriali il trasporto per via d’acqua era più facile di quello via terra, è sembrato giunto il momento di richiamare l’attenzione sul modo in cui queste reti di relazione operavano a livello europeo e con i partner commerciali asiatici e nordafricani. Il volume prende le mosse dalle grandi tradizioni di ricerca su base regionale o tematica, che però sono state raramente integrate su una più ampia scala continentale. Immanuel Wallerstein ha elaborato il concetto braudeliano concettualizzandone le dimensioni interculturali e transnazionali e il ruolo nel sistema di divisione del lavoro. Egli lo chiamò un “sistema mondo”, non perché coinvolgesse il mondo intero, ma perché è più vasto di qualunque unità politica giuridicamente definita. E si tratta di una “economia mondo” perché il legame di base tra le varie parti del sistema è economico. I vari aspetti e le tradizioni regionali di ricerca sono stati collegati tra loro in un approccio coerente che si posto l'obiettivo di valutare: - Sulla base di quali elementi geografici, nautici, tecnici, economici, giuridici, sociali e culturali siano emerse le varie reti regionali, e come funzionavano, - Il carattere e il ruolo dei porti marittimi come punti nodali delle rotte marine e del loro hinterland, attraverso fiumi, canali e strade, - I legami commerciali e personali tra mercanti e armatori in vari porti, - In quale modo le reti regionali si collegavano tra di loro e come, nel corso del tempo, finirono per integrarsi in unità più ampie, - In quale modo le reti private, inizialmente costituite da organizzazioni di mercanti e navigatori, finirono per trattare con le autorità locali e, una volta cresciute, con gli stati e gli imperi, per proteggere i propri interessi
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Mozzoni, Isabella. Geografia della politica di coesione europea. Roma : Aracne, 2012.
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Curbelo, José Luis. Regional development planning : Regional political economy versus regional science ? [Chicago?, Ill.] : Council of Planning Librarians, 1987.
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Paraskevopoulos, Christos J. Interpreting convergence in the European Union : Patterns of collective action, social learning, and Europeanization. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave, 2001.
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Manzella, Gian Paolo. Una politica influente : Vicende, dinamiche e prospettive dell'intervento regionale europeo. Bologna : Il mulino, 2011.
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Conditional leadership : The European Commission and European regional policy. Lanham, MD : Lexington Books, 2005.
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Harvie, Christopher. The rise of regional Europe. London : Routledge, 1994.
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Dieter, Oberndörfer, et Schmitt Karl, dir. Parteien und regionale politische Traditionen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 1991.
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Ekaterina, Domorenok, dir. La politica di coesione nell'Unione europea allargata : Aspetti economici, sociali e territoriali. Ferrara : UnifePress, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Politica regionale europea"
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Braun, Julie Anna. « Is European Policy European ? The Political Case ». Dans Regional Policies and European Integration, 81–107. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67762-0_4.
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Rosamond, Ben. « Europe ». Dans The New Regional Politics of Development, 59–88. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09955-6_3.
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Tsourapas, Gerasimos. « The politics of Egyptian regional migration ». Dans Fortress Europe ?, 51–69. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17011-0_5.
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Mathias, Jörg. « Regions and Regional Politics in Europe ». Dans Contemporary Europe, 213–32. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10340-6_9.
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Mathias, Jörg, et Anne Stevens. « Regions and Regional Politics in Europe ». Dans Contemporary Europe, 197–216. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36719-7_9.
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Magone, José M. « Regional and local government in multilevel Europe ». Dans Contemporary European Politics, 382–415. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | “First edition published by Routledge 2011”—T.p. verso. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315179704-9.
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Pink, Michal. « Czech Republic : Regional Elections Without Regional Politics ». Dans Regional and National Elections in Eastern Europe, 83–104. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51787-6_4.
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Carey, Henry, et Stacey M. Mitchell. « European Regional Effects on Legalization ». Dans Legalization of International Law and Politics, 219–56. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17169-7_7.
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Colomb, Claire, et John Tomaney. « Spatial planning, nationalism and territorial politics in Europe ». Dans Planning Regional Futures, 193–219. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003147008-10.
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Kunčič, Aljaž, et Janez Šušteršič. « Political Economy of Central Europe ». Dans Regional and International Relations of Central Europe, 239–60. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283450_13.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Politica regionale europea"
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Cedroni, Anna Rita. « Roadmap per una citta sostenibile : Vienna ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7915.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Al di là di più di duemila anni di tradizione storica, l’Austria, ha mostrato con coraggio, fin
dall’entrata nella Comunità Europea, il suo sviluppo economico così come la sua modernità e la
sua apertura verso l’esterno. La dinamicità culturale e tecnologica della sua capitale, l’ha resa
uno degli esempi più apprezzati da tutta l’Europa fin dall’inizio di questo secolo. In poco più 15
anni, Vienna è diventata di fatto la città europea con la migliore qualità della vita.
Il merito di tale successo è dato sicuramente da due componenti fondamentali: la stabilità
politica del Paese e il metodo di gestione dei processi di pianificazione territoriale e urbana.
L’attuale sviluppo del territorio mostra come alla base di tale qualità i fattori prevalenti siano
l’architettura, ma anche le politiche urbanistiche territoriali.
Sta di fatto, spiega un recente rapporto del comune di Vienna sul tema risparmio energetico e
sostenibilità, che per garantire e mantenere una tale qualità della vita, occorre tener conto di tre
costanti essenziali nelle dinamiche dei processi di sviluppo urbano: il rinnovamento, la
ristrutturazione e l’espansione. Tali elementi consentono poi il confronto con modelli europei
culturalmente più avanzati.
La tutela dell’ambiente e del patrimonio ambientale si inseriscono in questo processo come una
delle sfide più importanti che scaturiscono da tale confronto.
Questo paper si prefigge di trattare l’esperienza viennese, ripercorrendo il lungo, ma rapido
processo di cambiamento cominciato all’inizio degli anni Ottanta.
Strumento generale di pianificazione urbanistica, il Piano di Sviluppo della Città
(Stadtentwicklungsplan), ha costituito e costituisce tuttora lo strumento decennale di previsione
e di programmazione energetica a livello urbano e territoriale, stabilendo le direttrici strategiche
di espansione, di ristrutturazione e di rinnovamento della Città e del suo hinterland.
Ma l’esclusività di tale strumento, è da vedere nell’anticipazione di temi come il consumo
energetico, la sostenibilità e nell’individuazione della tutela ambientale, come questione
prioritaria da includere nei programmi d’intervento da attuare a breve termine.
Infatti, con la formulazione del primo Programma KliP (Klimaschutzprogramm) (1999–2009) e,
successivamente, del secondo Programma KliP (2010-2020), vengono elaborati dei “pacchetti”
di provvedimenti con obiettivi ben definiti, come per esempio la riduzione del 21%, a persona,
dei gas di emissione e di gas propellenti rispetto ai valori rilevati nel 1990.
Gli strumenti con i quali raggiungere tali obiettivi sono: la riduzione del fabbisogno energetico,
l’introduzione di fonti di energia ecosostenibile, l’uso di materiali biologici nell’edilizia pubblica e
privata a grande e piccola scala, ma soprattutto, gli interventi sulla mobilità, sulla gestione dei
rifiuti e sulla protezione del paesaggio.
Accanto ai Piani di Sviluppo, Il Programma SEP (Städtische Energieeffizienz-Programm),
definisce le linee generali da seguire nella gestione della politica dei consumi energetici a lungo
termine, ovvero fino alla fine del 2015.
I risultati portano già nel 2011 ad un aumento della quota di energia rinnovabile del 10% del
volume totale del consumo di energia. Tra gli incentivi ci sono quelli rivolti alla realizzazione di
centrali elettriche, inceneritori per il riciclo di materie dalle quali ricavare energia, mentre un
ruolo sempre più importante è dato dall’uso della geotermia, e dell’energia solare. La continuità programmatica culmina nella formulazione di un progetto unitario, SMART CITY
WIEN, che riunisce ben dieci gruppi differenti di interessi, istituzioni pubbliche, enti privati, centri
universitari di ricerca, ecc., attorno ad una visione a lunga scadenza: Smart Energy vision 2050.
Al centro della tavola rotonda le tematiche: lo sviluppo della popolazione, l’ambiente, i metodi di
gestione, l’economia, l’energia e la mobilità. Accanto a queste, sostenibilità, partecipazione,
diversità, efficienza di risorse, sviluppo regionale integrato come pure sviluppo economico
equilibrato sono gli elementi fondamentali per la preparazione delle decisioni future.
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Hiç, Mükerrem. « Major Current Economic and Political Problems Facing Eurasian Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00230.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Political and economic developments and problems are either directly or indirectly linked to each other. Hence, I would be dealing here with both. But the problems are so serious, numerous and complicated that I will be content with only submitting a list of these problems without deepening on any. It should also be stressed that Eurasia itself as a geographical entity covers a very large number of countries with different historical, political and economic backgrounds. Hence, we may have to think about different regions or groups of countries. On the European side, even the EU is not homogeneous today. We have the United Kingdom, Scandinavian countries, developed continental European countries, Iberian countries, the Balkans and Eastern European countries. Even in simple developmental terms, we have at least two tiers, a first tier of democratically and economically developed countries, and the second tier those with less experience in democracy and less economically developed. In Asia, on the other hand, we have such big countries as Russia, China, Japan and India, as well as such regional groups as South-East Asian countries, Central Asian Turkic-origin countries, Caucasian, Afghanistan and Pakistan also including Bangladesh, and Middle-Eastern, with Iran as a separate politico-economic entity. Similarly, Turkey, at the cross-roads between Europe, Asia and the Middle-East, is another, but different unique case.
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Raszková, Soňa. « Mission-oriented inovační politika ve vybraných evropských regionech ». Dans XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-8.
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The article deals with mission-oriented innovation policy, which puts at the forefront of solving societal challenges and is becoming increasingly important. Policymakers at European, national and regional level are therefore gradually focusing on this form of innovation policy. The aim of this paper is to introduce the role of mission-oriented innovation policy and to raise awareness of its use especially at the regional level. The research methods used in the paper are a search of scientific literature and an analysis of selected regions in North Brabant and Baden-Württemberg that have applied elements of mission-oriented innovation policy in their regional innovation policy. The integration of these elements did not cause a radical change in the existing innovation policy instruments mix. However, first attempts and concrete projects towards addressing societal challenges can be noted. Both regions can be viewed as pioneers of this policy in Europe.
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Özgün, Tevfik Orçun, et Onur Koçak. « Turkey-Macedonia Relations from Cultural and Historical Perspective ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00975.
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Balkans can be defined as a region which had been under different cultures’ and civilizations’ reign, and experienced different nations, religions and cultures. It is likely possible to see the effects of these multicultural and multinational structure on international politics and economy. In that sense, Macedonia is inevitably placed in an important point for Balkan and Ottoman history, and even for international politics. It is very possible to see Turkish influence on Macedonia, which -ruled by Ottoman for 542 years- has gained its independence, as a result of disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1991.When we take a look at condensing political and economic relations between Macedonia and Turkey, the effect of shared cultural and historical heritage on regional and wide economic development and cooperation can be seen with no huge effort. From that point of view, Ottoman Empire’s historical, sociological and cultural effect on sustainable and improvable economic relations are a topic of discussion. If we focus on the changing balance in Europe, resulted by disintegration of Yugoslavia, and developing approaches towards Macedonia, Turkey’s relations with Greece and other regional countries become very important, which are still being operated in terms of development and sustaining. In this study, Turkey’s attitude in recognition of Macedonia, and structure of Turkic population in Macedonia will be inspected and from Macedonia perspective, international politics and economic cooperation will be examined with historical, political and cultural emphasis.
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Toprak, Nuri Gökhan. « An Evaluation of Caucasian Countries with respect to Eurasian Natural Gas Pipeline Projects ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00699.
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Breaking down the natural gas export monopoly of Russia against to the European countries is one the very challenging issues of European authorities in the past thirty years. Despite the introduction of the Norwegian and Algerian gas to the European market in recent years, European countries are still in search of the alternative gas exporter countries to meet their increasing gas consumption. When the expectations of European countries were combined with the relative stabilization of political structure in both South Eastern European and Caucasian countries, the alternative Eurasian natural gas pipeline projects came to the European agenda gradually. In this study, it will be analyzed that both the economic and political situation of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia in terms of their participation to the ongoing Eurasian natural gas projects that plans to deliver natural gas resources of the Caspian Basin to Europe. Within this context, after the brief introduction to explain what those Eurasian natural gas projects are, it will be given information, analyzed and discussed that the current positions of the Caucasian countries against these projects. It is important that the evaluation of the Eurasian Natural Gas Pipeline Projects in the case of the Caucasian countries makes the final step more reliable which will strengthen the economic integration and regional cooperation of Caucasian countries.
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Černěnko, Tomáš, et Dana Kuběnková. « A Rose by Another Name Would Smell the Same : Hidden Potential of Antisystem Parties in Slovakia ? » Dans XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-55.
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This article aims to identify voter attitudes, based on the results of the 2020 parliamentary elections, towards European integration, religious attitudes in politics, universal left-right integration, the rights of ethnic minorities, the position between cosmopolitan and national sentiments, and political decentralization in favour of regions at the district level of Slovakia, while considering factors that affect voter's selection. In the first step, we calculated the position of the district through the results of individual political parties (district level) in the elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic in 2020 and data from the 2019 Chapel Hill expert survey. In the second step, we used these results as dependent variables for regression analysis, examining their dependence on the variables average wage, unemployment rate, ethnic composition, and time availability of the district's seat from the regional centre and Bratislava (capital). A retrospective analysis of voter attitudes at individual districts has shown that concerns about possible covert support for anti-system parties are warranted. “Negative” results, especially on religious principles in politics, ethnic minority rights, inclination to national values, and centralized power, show that if expectations from standard (or liberal democratic) parties are not met, there is a risk of voters diverting to radical parties.
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Arslan, Çetin. « Some Assessments and Evaluations on Current Developments in the Immigration Law ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00884.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Immigration has presented itself in every chapter of the history with regards to its social, economic, political and legal aspects. However, with special regards to the global and regional instability which has come into focus and become chronic, it has gained vital importance for almost all developed and developing countries. Mentioned issue has transformed into a specific and extraordinary situation for Turkey which is situated at the intersection of the continents, Asia and Europe. Because Turkey has not only become a transit country for irregular migration but also it has turned into – if we may say so- the focus point of this vicious circle. The legislator who is aware of this situation, has brought upon essential amendments and innovations and also has concluded international, regional and bilateral agreements. We, within the scope and size of our study, shall examine certain issues which we deem important within the context of Foreigners and International Protection Law No. 6458 dated 04.04.2013 within the light of Constitution, European Convention on Human Rights and the jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights and shall discuss some existing and potential problems in addition to suggestions for solution.
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Antonescu, Daniela. « Trends of Convergence at Regional Level in European Union (EU-28) ». Dans International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/35.
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The objective regarding cohesion is achieved by means of a convergence process that assumes diminishing territorial inequalities between regions and territories. The cohesion process is not limited to the relatively poor regions, but aims also to more developed regions with the purpose of observing also the secondary effects for the entire EU (EC Report, 2013). Identifying the convergence or divergence trends is one of the intensely argued topics by both the academic and the political-decisional environment. The theoretical point of view approach regarding convergence was accompanied by models meant to mitigate the requirements of assessing over given periods the evolution of territorial inequalities (between countries or regions). Identifying a process of convergence or divergence at regional level is a widely debated issue both in the academic and political-decision making environment. Thus, in the context of favourable economic development, convergence assumes a process of closing the gap between the living standards between the poorer and richer areas beginning with the premise that the first have a swifter development as the latter. Considering this aspect, the present article analyses the trends of convergence/divergence at regional level in the context of the European Union with the help of GDP per capita and variation coefficients.
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Dudaiti, A. K., A. A. Bagaeva, B. G. Koibaev et B. G. Tauchelov. « Political Processes in Georgia and Interaction with the European Union in 2004-2014 ». Dans International Session on Factors of Regional Extensive Development (FRED 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/fred-19.2020.119.
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Botseva, Desislava, Georgi Tsolov et Nikola Tanakov. « SMART REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION - OPPORTUNITY OR OXYMORON OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ». Dans Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics : Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.121.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The need to understand and characterize management approaches, especially in their modern context, is becoming particularly important, mostly to test small and medium-sized businesses' ability to adapt to modernization's high demands. According to the research team, several challenges generated by various constraints, external and internal to organizations of this type, are why they fail to reach their growth and development potential. However, such a statement must be a subjected to a severe analysis based on the methodology of a new, modern system of indicators to illustrate SMEs' real readiness and ability to be in line with development trends. The regional sector analysis successfully identifies the prerequisites for these enterprises' development and determines their specific regional potentials. The study analyzes the small and medium-sized enterprise sector in the Balkan countries and within the European Union. The research team identifies the predisposition for small and medium enterprises to regional specialization, application of innovations, technologies, entrepreneurial discoveries, digitalization and strategy, planning, and programming of a new generation.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Politica regionale europea"
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Lodge, Junior, et Jan Yves. The Promise of a Recalibrated Caribbean-European Union Partnership. Fundación Carolina, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff03en.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Caribbean and the European Union (EU) have been enjoined in a formal bi-regional relationship since the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975, and are firm proponents of multilateralism, strong advocates of regional integration, democracy and rule of law, and reflect vibrant multi-ethnic and multilingual polities. The bi-regional relationship has evolved considerably over the intervening 45 years, and is reflected in formal agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and the EU, and in the sphere of economic cooperation, has been strengthened with the signing of the Cariforum-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2008. The EU also remains a significant source of development cooperation for the Caribbean, complemented by a sui generis project management regime that includes multi-annual programming. Beyond this, the bi-regional ties have expanded into new areas of joint multilateral endeavour such as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Despite the long and formal engagement, the Cariforum-EU partnership has not engendered either deep understanding of, or universal support in, each other’s conduct of multilateral negotiations. To the contrary, the partnership displays regular flashes of unease and arguably low-level tension. This paper seeks to assess the Caribbean-EU partnership in terms of its contribution of bi-regional trade and economic cooperation to Caribbean development, and possibilities for a renewed partnership considering new impulses shaping the Cariforum-EU relationship, including the post-Cotonou Agreement, Brexit, EU-LAC Political Dialogue and COVID-19 responses. A Cariforum-EU development agenda to fuel post-pandemic Caribbean recovery is mooted with the additional value of harnessing the promise of the revised partnership.
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Erdoğan, Emre. A foreign policy litmus test : How the war in Ukraine has fuelled populist rhetoric in Erdoğan’s Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The war in Ukraine is a defining historical moment that demonstrates the limitations of contemporary politics. Even the most pessimistic scholars did not conceive of a direct military conflict in the heart of the Eurasian landmass. Moreover, this conflict has exposed the limitations of populism in foreign policy. Despite rare instances of rhetorical cooperation with Russia, the populist politicians of Europe remained committed to Atlanticist foreign policies. Turkey, a textbook example of populist governance, offers a superb illustration of how the international zeitgeist constrains populist politicians’ goals. The “balanced” approach of Turkey’s foreign policy, which is dictated by its asymmetrical interdependence with Russia, aims to strengthen Turkey’s role as a regional force through mediation. In the meantime, the pressure of upcoming presidential elections and the country’s economic position are additional obstacles. An examination of Erdoğan’s speeches over the past year reveals that he has replicated this balanced approach in his discourse as the leader of Turkey. Keywords: Turkey; Ukraine–Russia war; foreign policy; populism.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector : A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, mai 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi et Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry : A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.