Articles de revues : « Pneumatic spindle »

1

Gao, Si Yu, Hui Ding et Kai Cheng. « An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of an Ultra-High Speed Air-Bearing Spindle ». Materials Science Forum 723 (juin 2012) : 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.227.

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This paper presents an integrated approach to the design and analysis of an ultra-high speed air bearing spindle, by integrating the structural design, performance analysis and system optimization in a virtual design environment. Firstly, the ultra-high speed air bearing spindle is designed, including grooved hybrid air bearing, helical water cooling channel and built-in motor, etc; Subsequently, pneumatic hammer instability and whirl instability of air bearing are studied; The thermal-structural behaviors of the spindle system at ultra-high speeds are investigated by using structural FEA coupled CFD; Static and dynamic performance of spindle is studied to predict the stiffness, modes and natural frequencies of the spindle; Lastly, system optimizations are conducted to obtain optimal performance and dynamic behaviors of the spindle. The proposed integrated approach can be used to design an optimal ultra-high speed air bearing spindle.

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Saga, Norihiko, Kunio Shimada, Douhaku Inamori, Naoki Saito, Toshiyuki Satoh et Jun-ya Nagase. « Smart Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Using a Bend Sensor like a Human Muscle with a Muscle Spindle ». Sensors 22, n^o 22 (19 novembre 2022) : 8975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228975.

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Shortage of labor and increased work of young people are causing problems in terms of care and welfare of a growing proportion of elderly people. This is a looming social problem because people of advanced ages are increasing. Necessary in the fields of care and welfare, pneumatic artificial muscles in actuators of robots are being examined. Pneumatic artificial muscles have a high output per unit of weight, and they are soft, similarly to human muscles. However, in previous research of robots using pneumatic artificial muscles, rigid sensors were often installed at joints and other locations due to the robots’ structures. Therefore, we developed a smart actuator that integrates a bending sensor that functions as a human muscle spindle; it can be externally attached to the pneumatic artificial muscle. This paper reports a smart artificial muscle actuator that can sense contraction, which can be applied to developed self-monitoring and robot posture control.

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Віштак, Інна Вікторівна, et Валерій Іванович Савуляк. « Increased rigidity and technological possibilities of the spindle with pneumatic supports ». Technology audit and production reserves 5, n^o 7(25) (22 septembre 2015) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.51474.

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Oliinyk, Katerina. « Тhe operability analysis of spindle-motor hybrid electromechanical systems ». Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 5, n^o 1 (23 juin 2021) : 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2021.5.1.225414.

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Motor-spindles are belong to a special class of complex dynamic systems of natural and natural-anthropogenic origin, which can be realized both translational and rotational motion, and represent a variety of developing species. Such systems are used in metalworking complexes, lathes, milling, drilling, grinding, multi-purpose and other machines. In modern designs of spindle units rolling bearings, hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, gas-static (aerostatic), gas-dynamic (aerodynamic), magnetic bearings and their combinations (hybrids) are used, for example, gas-magnetic (gas-static bearings with a magnetic suspension that allows to provide rotational frequencies) up to 10-20 thousand rpm, and in drilling and milling and grinding up to 100-200 thousand rpm and above. With the further development of technology in the machine-building industry, motor-spindles began to appear, which are able to realize the movement of the feed by means of gears and couplings, using pneumatic systems. They are also able to realize the movement of in using hydraulic systems, using screw gears. The design concepts of hybrid and combined the motor spindles, received by results of structural anticipation on the basis of use of innovative synthesis methods of hybrid electromechanical systems are considered. Results of mechanical calculations of rigidity and electromagnetic calculations are presented in the article. On the ground of the calculation data the operability analysis of the electromechanical systems of motor spindles is made. To develop a morphological model, functional features were selected, which are systematized and divided into three groups in accordance with the modular principle.

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KATO, Tomonori, Genki HIGASHIJIMA, Takanori YAZAWA, Tatsuki OTUBO, Yusuke NOZAKI et Katsutoshi TANAKA. « Rotation Control of Air Turbine Spindle using High Precision, Quick Response Pneumatic Pressure Regulator ». TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN FLUID POWER SYSTEM SOCIETY 45, n^o 1 (2014) : 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfps.45.8.

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KATO, Tomonori, Genki HIGASHIJIMA, Takanori YAZAWA, Tatsuki OTUBO, Yusuke NOZAKI et Katsutoshi TANAKA. « Rotation Control of Air Turbine Spindle using High Precision, Quick Response Pneumatic Pressure Regulator ». JFPS International Journal of Fluid Power System 7, n^o 1 (2014) : 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.7.9.

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Ruslyakov, Dmitry. « ACOUSTIC MODELS OF THE MAIN SOURCES OF NOISE OF MULTI-SPINDLE DRILLING WOODWORKING MACHINE ». VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021) : 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20213910.

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The harmful factors in the woodworking industry include the increased noise level in the workplace. This is especially true when working with multi-spindle drilling woodworking machines. The main sources of noise include the constant speed of drills, the geometric shape of the motor and the body of the cutting units, as well as the pneumatic feed mechanism of the cutting units or workpieces. The article presents a theoretical justification of noise sources, which allowed us to obtain the equation of sound power of noise sources in general form. The acoustic calculation of the main noise sources was performed using the obtained formulas. The obtained acoustic models of the main noise sources showed that the practical calculation of sound pressure levels or sound power is actually reduced to determining the vibration rates on the natural vibration forms of the sources.

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Sahni, Ramesh K., Rakesh Ranjan, Lav R. Khot, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel et Matthew J. Grieshop. « Reservoir Units Optimization in Pneumatic Spray Delivery-Based Fixed Spray System for Large-Scale Commercial Adaptation ». Sustainability 14, n^o 17 (31 août 2022) : 10843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710843.

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A pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consists of in-line reservoirs and micro-emitter assemblies distributed throughout perennial crop canopies. The existing PSD-based SSCDS uses a large number of reservoirs, i.e., one unit per 3 m of linear spacing, which resulted in high installation and maintenance costs. These reservoirs also produces up to 25% post-spray chemical losses. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the volumetric capacity and functionality of the existing reservoir for an efficient spray performance and the large-scale commercial adaptation of PSD-based SSCDS. Three reservoirs with volumetric capacities of 370 (1×), 740 (2×), and 1110 mL (3×) were developed to cover a spray span of 3.0, 6.1, and 9.1 m, respectively. Five system configurations with modified reservoirs and spray outlets were evaluated in the laboratory for pressure drop and spray uniformity. The three best system configurations were then field evaluated in a high-density apple orchard. These configurations had reservoirs with 1×, 2×, and 3× volumetric capacity and micro-emitters installed in a three-tier arrangement. Each replicate configuration was installed as a 77 m loop length encompassing 50 apple trees trained in a tall spindle architecture. A pair of water-sensitive paper (WSPs) samplers (25.4 × 25.4 mm) were placed on the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces in the bottom, middle, and top third of the canopy to evaluate the spray coverage (%). The PSD-based SSCDS showed no significant difference at the 5% level in terms of coverage among the three reservoir treatments. Coverage was more evenly distributed among the top, middle, and bottom zones for the 2× and 3× as compared to the 1× reservoir treatment. Overall, compared to the 1× reservoirs, the 2× and 3× reservoirs could potentially reduce the system costs by USD 20,000 and USD 23,410 ha−1, respectively, for tall spindle apple orchards and potentially reduce maintenance needs as well.

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Kim, Bo-Sung, Gyeong-Tae Bae, Gwi-Nam Kim, Hong-Man Moon, Jung-Pil Noh et Sun-Chul Huh. « A STUDY ON THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRINDING MACHINE APPLIED HYDROSTATIC BEARING ». Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, n^o 3 (septembre 2015) : 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0057.

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In order to activate the high precision and multi-functional machine tool, adequate technical level of the high-precision products is required. The hydrostatic bearings is used as a method for producing the high-precision products. The hydrostatic bearing has a relatively small run-out compared to its shape error by fluid film effect in hydrostatic state similar to pneumatic bearing and has high stiffness, load capacity and damping characteristics. In this study, we conducted a study on the thermal deformation of the grinding machine that has a great influence on the machining accuracy of the product. The temperature of the front bearing is 10°C or higher than the temperature of the rear bearing. Thermal deformation of the spindle was found to be dependent on the temperature of the hydrostatic bearing and could identify the overall thermal characteristics of the grinding machine.

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Pottinger, M. G. « Uniformity : A Crucial Attribute of Tire/Wheel Assemblies ». Tire Science and Technology 38, n^o 1 (1 mars 2010) : 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3298682.

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Abstract Good ride, acceptable comfort for passengers, is a required attribute for all road vehicles particularly automobiles and light trucks. The tire/wheel assembly is a critical component in providing good ride. Indeed, obtaining good ride was the crucial factor that drove the invention of and rapid popularization of the pneumatic tire. Today, the ride effect of tires is often thought of in two ways. The first is in terms of the transmission of vibration produced by the interaction of the tire with road surface irregularities, harshness. The second is in terms of tire structural irregularity generated energy transmitted during operation on a smooth road, uniformity. Both types of energy share the dynamic properties of the tire structure though they differ in source. This paper concentrates primarily on uniformity induced vibration particularly at the frequency of tire rotation, but does touch on harshness to a small degree, when the sharing of structural dynamics makes it appropriate. This review of the subject of force uniformity includes the effect of wheels, as wheels contribute to the vibration that reaches the vehicle spindle. Balance is touched on only as it affects force uniformity in well-balanced assemblies. This is not a treatise on balancing. A suggestion is made, which should, if practical, greatly improve the installed uniformity of tire/wheel assemblies.

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Sinha, Rajeev, Rakesh Ranjan, Haitham Y. Bahlol, Lav R. Khot, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel et Matthew J. Grieshop. « Development and Performance Evaluation of a Pneumatic Solid Set Canopy Delivery System for High-Density Apple Orchards ». Transactions of the ASABE 63, n^o 1 (2020) : 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13411.

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Abstract. Solid set canopy delivery systems (SSCDS) are fixed spray systems that consist of a network of permanently plumbed emitters in high-density tree-fruit orchard canopies. Most of the previously configured SSCDS worked on the principle of hydraulic spray delivery (HSD), which may not be suitable for large-scale installation due to the drop in operating pressure caused by frictional losses in the spray lines. Therefore, a pneumatic spray delivery (PSD) based SSCDS was developed in this study for potentially achieving uniform spray application at all locations along the spray lines. A reservoir subsystem was developed to contain a precisely metered amount of spray liquid. Once filled, compressed air pushed through the spray lines can pressurize the reservoir to help deliver uniform spray into the canopy through emitters. In this study, HSD and PSD systems of 91 m set length were installed in a high-density apple orchard. Both systems were evaluated for variations in operating pressure, spray output, and spray performance. Spray performance was quantified during the middle (BBCH 75) and late (BBCH 85) apple (cv. WA-38 on tall spindle architecture) crop growth stages. Deposition and coverage in three canopy zones and on both sides of leaves were evaluated using Mylar cards and water-sensitive papers (WSP) as samplers, respectively. The Mylar cards and WSP were respectively analyzed using fluorometry and image processing. Statistically similar operating pressure (p > 0.05) was observed for the HSD and PSD systems at 3 m (286.1 and 284.1 kPa, respectively), 33 m (268.4 and 270.5 kPa), 60 m (260.6 and 268.9 kPa), and 87 m (255.3 and 257.9 kPa) from the row inlet. Despite the operating pressure drop, the PSD system had uniform spray output along the 91 m spray line. Compared to the HSD system, about 4%, 3%, 5%, and 20% higher spray output was delivered with the PSD system at 3, 33, 60, and 87 m, respectively, along the spray line. Overall, the PSD system had significantly higher mean spray deposition (p < 0.01) compared to the HSD system during the middle (521 and 382 ng cm-2, respectively) and late (631 and 409 ng cm-2, respectively) growth stages. The PSD system also had numerically higher spray deposition compared to the HSD system for all the canopy zones and on either side of leaf surfaces. Spray coverage trends were similar to deposition; however, the differences were not significant. Overall, the PSD-based SSCDS shows potential for large-scale installation, with additional refinements, for uniform spray applications in high-density apple orchards. Keywords: Hydraulic spray delivery, Pneumatic spray delivery, Solid set canopy delivery system, Spray coverage, Spray deposition.

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Yang, Lin, Jun Wei Zhang et Si Zhong Chen. « Research on Hydro-Pneumatic Balanced Suspension of Multi-Spindled Vehicle ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (juillet 2011) : 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.855.

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A hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension is proposed based on the structural features of general hydro-pneumatic suspension and balanced suspension. Two types of suspensions mathematics models are built and differential equations of motion are derived with Lagrange-Equation. Performance of the two suspensions is simulated with the software of MATLAB. The results show that ride performance of vehicles is improved using hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension. Therefore, hydro-pneumatic balanced suspension is more suitable for multi-spindled vehicles.

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Віштак, Інна, Валерій Федотов, Олександр Поліщук et Євгеній Кобилянський. « Features of the Professional Competence Formation of Future Specialists of the Machine Building Industry During the Study of the Topic «Safety Design of High Speed Spindle Units on the Pneumatic Supports» ». Health and Safety Pedagogy 4, n^o 2 (2019) : 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2524-1079-2019-4-2-142-150.

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Guzii, Sergii G., Oleksiy Khodakovskyy, Artem Kovalchuk, Stella Gornostal et Mariia Maksymova. « Investigation of the Rheological Properties of Liquid Geocement Composite Materials for Protection from Electromagnetic Fields ». Solid State Phenomena 338 (28 octobre 2022) : 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2gca7f.

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The article presents the results of studies of the rheological properties of liquid geocement composite materials for protection against electromagnetic fields. It has been established that an increase in the concentration of a mixture of functional iron-containing fillers from 15 to 60 wt. % in the speed range from 0.1 to 1 rpm contributes to an increase in dynamic viscosity values from 100,000 to 550,000 cP. It’s noted that with an increase in the spindle speed from 15 to 35 RPM, the values of dynamic viscosity lie in the range of 8860-3442 cP. With the same concentration changes, the plastic viscosity of the liquid composite material in the speed ranges from 10 to 25 rpm changes, respectively, to 1064.5 cP, 3096 cP, 25462 cP, which is 1.04, 3, 03 and 24.9 times exceeds the value of the plastic viscosity of the original geocement paint. It is shown that at low shear rates from 0.02 to 0.3 l/s and an increase in the concentration of the filler mixture from 0 to 60 wt. % shear forces increase sharply on average from 21.2 to 252 dynes/cm2. Increase in shear rate from 0.315 to 7.35 1/s. Shear forces gradually increase from 76 to 252 dynes/cm2. It is shown that when the content of a functional filler with a concentration of 15% liquid composite material can be applied to the substrate by pneumatic spraying; with a concentration of 30% - with a brush or roller; with a concentration of 45 to 60% using a spatula. The total shielding coefficients of the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency by layers of a mixture with a thickness of 0.22-0.25 mm with a shielding substance content of 15-60% (by weight) for geopolymer paint is up to 8.6; shielding coefficients of the electromagnetic field of microwave frequencies up to 7.9. In the presence of filler up to 60%, the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency does not exceed 0.34, while the reflection coefficient of ultramagnetic waves of ultrahigh frequency as estimated at 0.20, and the experimentally measured one is 0.22-0.23.

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Goossens, Nina, Lotte Janssens, Madelon Pijnenburg, Karen Caeyenberghs, Charlotte Van Rompuy, Paul Meugens, Stefan Sunaert et Simon Brumagne. « Test–Retest Reliability and Concurrent Validity of an fMRI-Compatible Pneumatic Vibrator to Stimulate Muscle Proprioceptors ». Multisensory Research 29, n^o 4-5 (2016) : 465–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002526.

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Processing proprioceptive information in the brain is essential for optimal postural control and can be studied with proprioceptive stimulation, provided by muscle vibration, during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Classic electromagnetic muscle vibrators, however, cannot be used in the high-strength magnetic field of the fMRI scanner. Pneumatic vibrators offer an fMRI-compatible alternative. However, whether these devices produce reliable and valid proprioceptive stimuli has not been investigated, although this is essential for these devices to be used in longitudinal research. Test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of the postural response to muscle vibration, provided by custom-made fMRI-compatible pneumatic vibrators, were assessed in a repeated-measures design. Mean center of pressure (CoP) displacements during, respectively, ankle muscle and back muscle vibration (45–60 Hz, 0.5 mm) provided by an electromagnetic and a pneumatic vibrator were measured in ten young healthy subjects. The test was repeated on the same day and again within one week. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess (a) intra- and interday reliability of the postural responses to, respectively, pneumatic and electromagnetic vibration, and (b) concurrent validity of the response to pneumatic compared to electromagnetic vibration. Test–retest reliability of mean CoP displacements during pneumatic vibration was good to excellent (ICCs = 0.64–0.90) and resembled that of responses to electromagnetic vibration (ICCs = 0.64–0.94). Concurrent validity of the postural effect of pneumatic vibration was good to excellent (ICCs = 0.63–0.95). In conclusion, the proposed fMRI-compatible pneumatic vibrator can be used with confidence to stimulate muscle spindles during fMRI to study central processing of proprioception.

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Chandel, Rupinder, et Karun Sharma. « Multiple Attributed Parametric Review Study on Mechanical Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Harvesters ». Journal of Agricultural Science 14, n^o 2 (15 janvier 2022) : 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n2p122.

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Crop characteristics of cotton are crucial to identify the important crop attributes like plant height, canopy width, sympods and monopods distribution, row spacing which affects the performance of mechanical harvesters. The activity and effectiveness of most harvest aids, including desiccants is reduced by low temperature conditions. Trash content was observed to be lesser in cotton harvested by cotton picker than cotton harvested by cotton stripper. It was found that a maximum cotton yield of 1000 kg acre-1 was obtained for a cotton plant population ranging between 45,000 and 90,000 plants acre-1. Likewise, a minimum of 700 to 740 kg acre-1 was observed for a cotton plant population of 33,000 plants acre-1. In higher yielding cotton, cotton pickers recorded higher picking rate than cotton strippers. Picking/harvesting efficiency of cotton stripper with both finger and brush type mechanism was higher than the spindle type cotton picker. Picking efficiency of pneumatic picker was higher than the other types of picking mechanisms, but with lesser rate of picking capacity. Gin turnout of cotton was higher with cotton picker when compared with cotton stripper due to lesser trash content in picker harvested cotton. The horsepower requirement of cotton stripper ranged from ½ to ¼ horsepower and cost is about two-thirds of the price as compared with cotton picker. The scheduling and monitoring of various activities involved in cotton picking by using a suitable software model can increase the benefits of both growers and harvesting companies. The reduction in uniformity with roller gin-type lint cleaners ranged between 0.2 to 0.8%, which was lesser as compared with saw-type lint cleaners. Introducing mechanical harvesting has always been a decades-long process. In Turkey, it took 20 years and in Greece, this process took place very gradually over a 15-year period. Top cotton producing countries like India, Pakistan, China, Uzbekistan and other developing countries like Iran Paraguay are still not using machine harvesting. The introduction of mechanical cotton picker or stripper can help improve quality and quantity of cotton picking thereby giving more benefit to growers in developing countries and improving their socio-economic status. The most controversial issue raised by the introduction of the mechanical cotton harvester is great migration as the machines eliminated jobs and forced poor families to leave their homes and farms in search for urban jobs. Therefore Government policies towards cotton harvesting mechanization must include the alternative jobs, packages for dependent manual cotton pickers and their families.

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Harris, Paul, Barbara Linke et Stephen Spence. « An Energy Analysis of Electric and Pneumatic Ultra-high Speed Machine Tool Spindles ». Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) : 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.046.

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Leukel, Christian, Jesper Lundbye-Jensen, Markus Gruber, Abraham T. Zuur, Albert Gollhofer et Wolfgang Taube. « Short-term pressure induced suppression of the short-latency response : a new methodology for investigating stretch reflexes ». Journal of Applied Physiology 107, n^o 4 (octobre 2009) : 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00301.2009.

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During experiments involving ischemic nerve block, we noticed that the short-latency response (SLR) of evoked stretches in m. soleus decreased immediately following inflation of a pneumatic cuff surrounding the lower leg. The present study aimed to investigate this short-term effect of pressure application in more detail. Fifty-eight healthy subjects were divided into seven protocols. Unilateral stretches were applied to the calf muscles to elicit a SLR, and bilateral stretches to evoke a subsequent medium-latency response (MLR). Furthermore, H-reflexes and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were recorded. Additionally, stretches were applied with different velocities and amplitudes. Finally, the SLR was investigated during hopping and in two protocols that modified the ability of the muscle-tendon complex distal to the cuff to stretch. All measurements were performed with deflated and inflated cuff. Results of the protocols were as follows: 1) inflation of the cuff reduced the SLR but not the MLR; 2) the H-reflex, the M-wave, and, 3) SNAPs of n. tibialis remained unchanged with deflated and inflated cuff; 4) the SLR was dependent on the stretch velocity with deflated and also inflated cuff; 5 and 6) the reduction of the SLR by the cuff was dependent on the elastic properties of the muscle-tendon complex distal to the cuff; and 7) the cuff reduced the SLR during hopping. The present results suggest that the cuff did not affect the reflex arc per se. It is proposed that inflation restricted stretch of the muscles underlying the cuff so that most of the length change occurred in the muscle-tendon complex distal to the cuff. As a consequence, the muscle spindles lying within the muscle may be less excited, resulting in a reduced SLR. Due to its applicability in functional tasks, the introduced method can be a useful tool to study afferent feedback in motor control.

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« MASA Microconic Over-Grip Spindle Collet Range Grown ». Machinery 181, n^o 4327 (février 2023) : 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0368-8941(23)90239-1.

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Novik, M. A., et V. Je Didovec. « DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF PNEUMATIC DIGITAL ADJUSTMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSMISSION OF SPINDLE OF DRILLING MACHINE ». Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 84, n^o 3 (27 décembre 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2018.84.127842.

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