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1
Beavers, Herman. « Like I'd Been Playing the Dozens ». Callaloo 13, no 4 (1990) : 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931372.
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Bruhn, John G., et James L. Murray. « “Playing the Dozens” : Its History and Psychological Significance ». Psychological Reports 56, no 2 (avril 1985) : 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.2.483.
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“Playing the dozens” is a verbal game common among young adolescents, especially those from low-income groups and ethnic minorities. Verbal games such as “the dozens” help to establish communication and understanding between ethnic groups when the players know and follow the rules of the game. While “the dozens” may be practiced in different forms within cultural groups, its use across cultures helps to diffuse pressures and stresses among youth.
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Tarlau, Eileen Senn. « Playing Industrial Hygiene to Win ». NEW SOLUTIONS : A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 1, no 4 (février 1992) : 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns1.4.k.
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ITEM — Numerous workers become sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a plant manufacturing foam automobile seats. Personal air sampling conducted by corporate industrial hygienists consistently shows levels of TDI to be within all legal and recommended standards. ITEM — Dozens of workers in a new office building suffer eye, nose and throat irritation. Vendors who supplied the furniture, partitions and carpeting all reveal that they used formaldehyde in their products. Air samples collected by an indoor air quality consultant, however, show formaldehyde levels in compliance with the new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard. ITEM — Workers at a construction site become ill and bulk samples of the soil reveal high levels of phenols and many other chemicals. Industrial hygienists from OSHA collect personal air samples but can find no violations of OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). ITEM — Machinery noise levels at a carburetor rebuilding factory create stressful working conditions and damage workers' hearing. An OSHA industrial hygienist measures noise levels high enough for management to require workers to wear ear plugs but not high enough to require management to quiet the machinery.
4
Mills, Nathaniel. « Playing the Dozens and Consuming the Cadillac : Ralph Ellison and Civil Rights Politics ». Twentieth-Century Literature 61, no 2 (1 janvier 2015) : 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-3112180.
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Sinker, Rebecca, Mike Phillips et Victoria de Rijke. « Playing in the dark with online games for girls ». Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 18, no 2 (juin 2017) : 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463949117714079.
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Pregnant Rapunzel Emergency is part of a series of online free games aimed at young girls ( forhergames.com or babygirlgames.com ), where dozens of characters from fairy tales, children’s toys and media feature in recovery settings, such as ‘Barbie flu’. The range of games available to choose from includes not only dressing, varnishing nails or tidying messy rooms, but also rather more troubling options such as extreme makeovers, losing weight, or a plethora of baby showers, cravings, hospital pregnancy checks, births (including caesarean), postnatal ironing, washing and baby care. Taking the online game Pregnant Rapunzel Emergency as an exemplar of a current digital trend, the authors explore the workings of ‘dark digital play’ from a number of perspectives – one by each named author. The game selected has (what may appear to adults) several disturbing features in that the player is invited to treat wounds of the kind of harm that might usually be associated with domestic violence towards women.
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WRIGHT, MATTHEW. « Open Sound Control : an enabling technology for musical networking ». Organised Sound 10, no 3 (29 novembre 2005) : 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771805000932.
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Since telecommunication can never equal the richness of face-to-face interaction on its own terms, the most interesting examples of networked music go beyond the paradigm of musicians playing together in a virtual room. The Open Sound Control protocol has facilitated dozens of such innovative networked music projects. First the protocol itself is described, followed by some theoretical limits on communication latency and what they mean for music making. Then a representative list of some of the projects that take advantage of the protocol is presented, describing each project in terms of the paradigm of musical interaction that it provides.
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Rădoi, Valentin, Mara Carsote, Rodica Petriș, Diana Păun et Cătălina Poiană. « MICRORNAS WITH SPECIFIC ROLES IN DIABETES AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES ». Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 87, no 2 (30 juin 2014) : 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-288.
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most cited non communicable diseases and the most common metabolic disorder. Epigenetics represents the field of study of heritable changes in gene expression which are not directly related to DNA. Epigenetics is con- cerned, alongside histone modifications, short interfering RNAs etc., with microRNAs (miRNAs) as well. These are small noncoding RNAs, 21 to 23 nucleotides in length, which either inhibit translation or affect mRNA stability and degradation. At present, there are dozens of miRNAs which have been proven to be involved in the animal and human pathology of diabetes (type 1 or 2). This review focuses on the miRNAs which have been identified as playing a role in both psychiatric diseases and diabetes.
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Bao, Han, et Hongying Su. « Long Noncoding RNAs Act as Novel Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma : Progress and Prospects ». BioMed Research International 2017 (2017) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6049480.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and confers a poor prognosis. Novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for HCCs are urgently needed. Currently, dozens of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as playing critical roles in cancer development and progression. Advanced studies have shown that several well-known lncRNAs are dysregulated in HCC tissue as compared to adjacent noncancerous tissue. Furthermore, highly stable cell-free circulating nucleic acids (cfCNAs), including lncRNAs, aberrantly expressed in the plasma of HCC patients, have been detected. In this review, we focus on the most extensively investigated lncRNAs in HCC and discuss the potential of HCC-related lncRNAs as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis.
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Bajer-Koulack, Ameena, Emerson Thomas Csorba, Kyuwon Rosa Lee, Brianna Smrke et Tristan Smyth. « 2013 3M Student Fellows Feature Article - What is it “To Lead?” : A Nuanced Exploration of Leadership by 3M National Student Fellows ». Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 7, no 2 (9 juin 2014) : 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v7i2.3983.
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In Canadian higher education, students from across the world interact within tight-knit communities, sharing ideas and developing a wealth of soft and disciplinary skills. With many universities playing host to dozens if not hundreds of student groups, the word “leadership” is uttered by students and faculty in hallways, gymnasiums, outdoors areas and of course, student group meeting rooms. On June 20, 2013, five members of the 2013 3M National Student Fellowship cohort explored the term “leadership,” sharing their personal experiences and observations with Canadian faculty members as part of a Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (STLHE) workshop. This paper explores the conversations and ideas that emerged at the workshop in light of the group’s pre-STLHE online discussions and the current emphasis on leadership in Canadian higher education.
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Haitham Kanam, Omer, et Maher Obaid Ahmed. « A review on underground mine ventilation system ». Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no 2 (15 mars 2021) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/27334.
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In the field of mines, there are dozens of methods concerned with the optimization of ventilation system in underground mines and how bad ventilation system is playing a major effect on miners and mine’s activities. The ventilation system is considered very important because it consumed high energy of mines of total power consumption. This paper is a review of previous studies, which have been done before on design of ventilation system and its optimization methods like, using of software tools to simulate the numerical equations based on the pressure, temperature, flow rate, and other effected parameters, which are recorded by various ways of surveying. It has observed that Ventsim software is widely used because of its flexibility in dynamic simulation based on various parameters included deep, fan position and flow rate.
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Katriel, Tamar. « Brogez : Ritual and strategy in Israeli children's conflicts ». Language in Society 14, no 4 (décembre 1985) : 467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011477.
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This study relates to two strands of research into children's communicative competence: the study of children's conflict behavior and the study of ritualized communicative activities through which children construct, maintain, and strategically negotiate their social world (e.g., Brenneis & Lein 19p; Lein & Brenneis 1978; Boggs 1978; Corsaro 1979; Morgan, O'Neill, & Harre 1979; Goodwin, 1980). A number of ethnographic studies have been specifically concerned with the analysis of culturally situated, ritualized, agonistic events. Notably, the series of studies concerned with the language form known as “sounding” or “playing the dozens” among black American youth in the United States (e.g., Abrahams 1962; Kochman 1972, 1981; Labov 1972; Mitchell-Kernan 1972), the study of verbal dueling among Turkish boys (Dundes, Leach, & Ozkok 1972), or the study of ritualized fighting among the Irish men of Tory Island (Fox 1977).
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Huang, Jianfeng, Yuefeng Liu, Yue Chen et Chen Jia. « Context-Aware POI Sequence Recommendation with Attention-Based Neural Network ». Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 juillet 2019) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-126-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Location-based social networks (LBSNs) is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life, through which users can share their locations and location-related contents at any time. The Location information implicitly expresses user's behaviour preference. Therefore, LBSNs is being widely explored for Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation in recent years. Most of existing POI recommenders only recommend a single POI, while sometimes successive POI sequence recommendation is more practical. For example, when we travel to a strange city, what we expect is not a single POI recommendation, but a POI sequence recommendation which contains a set of POIs and the order of visiting them. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel model called Context-Aware POI Sequence Recommendation (CPSR), which is developed based on an attention-based neural network. Neural network has made a great success in various of field because of its powerful learning ability. Recently, dozens of works has demonstrated that attention mechanism can make the neural network models more reasonable.</p>
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Kyker, Jennifer. « REASSESSING THE ZIMBABWEAN CHIPENDANI ». African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 10, no 4 (22 novembre 2018) : 40–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v10i4.2233.
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The Shona chipendani (pl. zvipendani) is among dozens of musical bows found throughout southern Africa. An understanding of where the chipendani fits into the larger space of Zimbabwe’s musical and social life is markedly thin. Other than Brenner’s observation that the chipendani may occasionally be played by adult men while socializing over beer, descriptions of the chipendani seldom go further than remarking on theinstrument’s associations with cattle herding, and reducing it to the status of child’s play. In this article, I argue that conceptions of the musical and social identity of the chipendani must be expanded beyond its conventional portrayal as a herdboy instrument, since other groups of people have been actively involved in performing the instrument. I further maintain that the social role of the chipendani extends beyond providing accompaniment for a singular activity—that of cattle herding—into other contexts. By challenging Tracey’s conception of solo bow playing as “self-delectative,” my account of chipendani music opens up space for new readings of other musical bows throughout southern Africa.
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Zubair, Hassan Bin, Abrar Qureshi, Adnan Tahir et Athar Munir. « Shifting Language Paradigm : An Integration of Five Dimensions of Culture in Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Pakistan ». International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no 5 (5 mai 2018) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n5p53.
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This study explores the inseparable entities of language and culture. Mastering the cultural element is crucial in the EFL/ESL language learning process. Furthermore, the study investigates the role of culture in the EFL/ESL curriculum since the 1980s. The paper examines the integration of culture into the ESL/ EFL classrooms in Pakistan. Most Pakistani EFL classrooms continue to simply focus on the grammar-translation approach, where students have to memorize significant and non-significant grammar points and then do dozens of exercises drilling the newly learned grammatical form(s). The foundation for teaching culture language learning include the 5 Cs, the Five Dimensions of Culture, language learning authentic materials, and the Cultural Experiential Learning Cycle. Through experiencing role-playing situations and distinguishing similarities and differences between cultures, students are culturally prepared with appropriate behaviors and responses when they encounter a similar situation in the target culture. The recommendations provided should enable Pakistani educators and administrators to effectively integrate culture into EFL curricula. This Paper explores the incorporation of culture in the context of Pakistani language learning environments. It also investigates strategies and techniques that make the language learning process productive, so that Pakistani educators can incorporate them within their classrooms.
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Loughrey, Michael E. « Book in Review : Ribbin' Jivin' & ; Playin' the Dozens ». Journal of Experiential Education 10, no 3 (novembre 1987) : 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382598701000313.
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Cooper, Eric J., et Herbert L. Foster. « Ribbin' Jivin' and Playin' the Dozens : The Persistent Dilemma in our Schools. » Journal of Negro Education 57, no 1 (1988) : 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2295283.
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Dwinagara, Barlian, Raden Hariyanto, Oktarian Wisnu Lusantono et Prasodo Datu Prabandaru. « Geotechnical Perspective on Dozer-Push Method in Coal Mining Operations ». RSF Conference Series : Engineering and Technology 1, no 1 (23 décembre 2021) : 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v1i1.388.
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The rapid increase of technological development is currently playing a role in the mining industry. The dozer push exploitation method is an alternative to the conventional truck and shovel method. Heavy dozers have the ability to move large amounts of waste material in short distances at a low cost, while trucks and shovels will be more economical if over long distances. Geotechnical assessment becomes one of the critical considerations in making a decision plan and slope design for mining activities where the dozer push activities were carried out. Material conditions greatly affect slope stability, which can be defined as material behavior based on the physical and mechanical properties of the material. The slope stability analysis method used in this study was a combination of two methods, the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). These two combinations of analytical methods will strengthen the justification of the geotechnical perspective. By understanding the behavior of the material on a slope, the risk of a slope failure can be controlled and minimized using a geotechnical perspective. The parameters that will be studied in this study are the physical and mechanical properties of the material against several conceptual design options
18
Consalvo, Mia, Thorsten Busch et Carolyn Jong. « Playing a Better Me : How Players Rehearse Their Ethos via Moral Choices ». Games and Culture 14, no 3 (17 novembre 2016) : 216–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412016677449.
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This article is an exploration of players’ understandings of games that offer moral dilemmas in order to explore player choice in tandem with game mechanics. We investigate how game structures, including the presence of choice, a game’s length, and avatar presentation, push players in particular ways and also how players use those systems for their own ends. We explore how players “rehearse their ethos” through gameplay and how they are continually pushing back against the magic circle. It is based on two-dozen semi-structured interviews with players conducted in 2012. It illustrates that there are no clear-cut answers—game structures, including narratives, character designs, length, or save systems, can push players to act in certain ways that may or may not align with their own beliefs and goals.
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Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
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Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
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Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
21
Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
22
Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
23
Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
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Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
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Zhu, Yan, et Xiche Hu. « Molecular Recognition of FDA-Approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Drugs in Protein Kinases ». Molecules 27, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Protein kinases are key enzymes that catalyze the covalent phosphorylation of substrates via the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP, playing a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various cell regulatory processes. Due to their pivotal cellular role, the aberrant function of kinases has been associated with cancers and many other diseases. Consequently, competitive inhibition of the ATP binding site of protein kinases has emerged as an effective means of curing these diseases. Decades of intense development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) resulted in 71 FDA-approved PKI drugs that target dozens of protein kinases for the treatment of various diseases. How do FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitor PKI drugs compete with ATP in their own binding pocket? This is the central question we attempt to address in this work. Based on modes of non-bonded interactions and their calculated interaction strengths by means of the advanced double hybrid DFT method B2PLYP, the molecular recognition of PKI drugs in the ATP-binding pockets was systematically analyzed. It was found that (1) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here form one or more hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone amide N, O atoms in the hinge region of the ATP binding site, mimicking the adenine base; (2) all the FDA-approved PKI drugs feature two or more aromatic rings. The latter reach far and deep into the hydrophobic regions I and II, forming multiple CH-π interactions with aliphatic residues L(3), V(11), A(15), V(36), G(51), L(77) and π-π stacking interactions with aromatic residues F(47) and F(82), but ATP itself does not utilize these regions extensively; (3) all FDA-approved PKI drugs studied here have one thing in common, i.e., they frequently formed non-bonded interactions with a total of 12 residues L(3),V(11), A(15), K(17), E(24),V(36),T(45), F(47), G(51), L(77), D(81) and F(82) in the ATP binding. Many of those 12 commonly involved residues are highly conserved residues with important structural and catalytic functional roles. K(17) and E(24) are the two highly conserved residues crucial for the catalytic function of kinases. D(81) and F(82) belong to the DFG motif; T(45) was dubbed the gate keeper residue. F(47) is located on the hinge region and G(51) sits on the linker that connects the hinge to the αD-helix. It is this targeting of highly conserved residues in protein kinases that led to promiscuous PKI drugs that lack selectivity. Although the formation of hydrogen bond(s) with the backbone of the hinge gives PKI drugs the added binding affinity and the much-needed directionality, selectivity is sacrificed. That is why so many FDA-approved PKI drugs are known to have multiple targets. Moreover, off-target-mediated toxicity caused by a lack of selectivity was one of the major challenges facing the PKI drug discovery community. This work suggests a road map for future PKI drug design, i.e., targeting non-conserved residues in the ATP binding pocket to gain better selectivity so as to avoid off-target-mediated toxicity.
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Gobet, Fernand, et Herbert A. Simon. « The Roles of Recognition Processes and Look-Ahead Search in Time-Constrained Expert Problem Solving : Evidence From Grand-Master-Level Chess ». Psychological Science 7, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00666.x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chess has long served as an important standard task environment for research on human memory and problem-solving abilities and processes In this article, we report evidence on the relative importance of recognition processes and planning (look-ahead) processes in very high level expert performance in chess The data show that the rated skill of a top-level grand master is only slightly lower when he is playing simultaneously against a half-dozen grand-master opponents than under tournament conditions that allow much more time for each move As simultaneous play allows little time for look-ahead processes, the data indicate that recognition, based on superior chess knowledge, plays a much larger part in high-level skill in this task than does planning by looking ahead
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Fernandes, Maria Neyrian de Fatima, Flávia Loiola Chaves, Jacqueline Targino Nunes et Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus Costa. « O Brincar na Percepção de Enfermeiros em um Hospital Pediátrico do Maranhão ». Journal of Health Sciences 19, no 2 (21 juillet 2017) : 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n2p120-125.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objetivou-se compreender a percepção do enfermeiro em relação ao brincar durante a assistência pediátrica em um hospital do Maranhão. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa envolvendo doze profissionais. A coleta de dados se realizou em agosto de 2013 em um hospital pediátrico do interior do Maranhão, Brasil. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado composto por cinco questões relacionadas ao brincar. Os dados coletados foram tratados de acordo com a Análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Foram abordadas as seguintes categorias: “o brincar e a comunicação”, “o brincar e o tratamento” e “o brincar e a infraestrutura necessária”. A partir dos resultados se percebeu que os enfermeiros reconhecem a importância do brincar durante o internamento pediátrico, mas não o utilizam como elemento importante no plano de cuidados.Palavras-chave: Ludoterapia. Cuidado da Criança. Enfermagem Pediátrica.AbstractIt was aimed to evaluate the nurses’ perception when it comes to the playing in the pediatric care implementation in a hospital in Maranhão. It is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach carried out with 12 professionals. Data collection took place in August 2013 in a hospital in Maranhão state in Brazil. A semi-structured interview was used with five questions about the playing. The data were processed by content analysis according to the model of Bardin. From the results, the following categories were identified: “playing and communication”, “playing and treatment” and “playing and the infrastructure required”. From the results it was noticed that nurses recognize the importance of playing during the pediatric hospitalization, but they do not use it as an important element of the care planning process.Keywords: Playing Therapy. Child Care. Pediatric Nursing.
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Markovic, Slobodan. « Cedomilj Mijatovic, a leading Serbian Anglophile ». Balcanica, no 38 (2007) : 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0738105m.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cedomilj Mijatovic (also spelled Chedomille Miyatovich/Mijatovich 1842-1932), the most prominent Serbian Anglophile in the nineteenth century influenced the mutual perception of the British and the Serbs through his six books published in English, numerous articles in leading British papers contributions to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and a dozen translations from English into Serbian. In the 1870s and 1880s, he had an influential political career, serving as minister in several Serbian governments and playing a role in establishing some important state institutions. The image of Serbia in Britain is analyzed with a special emphasis on four pro-Serbian campaigns conducted between 1862 and 1918, the third of which (1892/3) was undertaken by Mijatovic and his wife Elodie Lawton Mijatovich (1825-1908). The campaign was intensified in 1906-16, when it was conducted by C. Mijatovic alone. A significant part of the paper is devoted to Mijatovic' role in the crisis in Anglo-Serbian relations following the May Coup (1903), to his contributions to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and his efforts to present British culture to the Serbs.
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Kwon, Jungmi. « Magnetic field structures in star-forming regions revealed by imaging polarimetry at multi-wavelengths ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (août 2018) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319003570.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractMagnetic fields are ubiquitous in various scales of astronomical objects, and they are considered as playing significant roles from star to galaxy formations. However, the role of the magnetic fields in star forming regions is less well understood because conventional optical polarimetry is hampered by heavy extinction by dust. We have been conducting extensive near-infrared polarization survey of various star-forming regions from low- and intermediate-mass to high-mass star-forming regions, using IRSF/SIRPOL in South Africa. Not only linear but also circular polarizations have been measured for more than a dozen of regions. Both linear and circular polarimetric observations at near-infrared wavelengths are useful tools to study the magnetic fields in star forming regions, although infrared circular polarimetry has been less explored so far. In this presentation, we summarize our results of the near-infrared polarization survey of star forming regions and its comparison with recent submillimeter polarimetry results. Such multi-wavelength approaches can be extended to the polarimetry using ALMA, SPICA in future, and others. We also present our recent results of the first near-infrared imaging polarimetry of young stellar objects in the Circinus molecular cloud, which has been less studied but a very intriguing cluster containing numerous signs of active low-mass star formation.
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ZOHN, STEVEN. « THE SONATE AUF CONCERTENART AND CONCEPTIONS OF GENRE IN THE LATE BAROQUE ». Eighteenth Century Music 1, no 2 (septembre 2004) : 205–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570604000132.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Much recent writing concerning the early eighteenth-century sonata has focused on a subgenre that appropriates stylistic elements from more fully scored works. Thus several of J. S. Bach’s solo and trio sonatas signify the concerto in certain movements by adopting ritornello form and establishing instrumental roles of ‘soloist’ and ‘orchestra’, only to undermine the integrity of these roles during the course of a movement. These Sonaten auf Concertenart, and a number of similar examples by Bach’s German contemporaries, have been viewed as responses to Vivaldi’s solo concertos and especially his so-called ‘chamber concertos’, which feature similar kinds of role playing. This study, by re-examining the phenomenon of the sonata in concerto style from a number of perspectives, shows that the genre was more widespread and its origins and meanings more complex than previously recognized. Evidence for this revised view takes the form of generic titles on manuscripts and prints; music by German, Italian and French composers spanning much of the eighteenth century, from Molter to Mondonville to Mozart; some three dozen sonatas by Telemann, who exhaustively explored the genre over several decades and was perhaps its originator in Germany; and literary amalgamations of genre indicative of a broader eighteenth-century fascination with mixed types.
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Medlock, Amy E., Wided Najahi-Missaoui, Mesafint T. Shiferaw, Angela N. Albetel, William N. Lanzilotta et Harry A. Dailey,. « Insight into the function of active site residues in the catalytic mechanism of human ferrochelatase ». Biochemical Journal 478, no 17 (7 septembre 2021) : 3239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20210460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into a porphyrin macrocycle to produce the essential cofactor, heme. In humans this enzyme not only catalyzes the terminal step, but also serves a regulatory step in the heme synthesis pathway. Over a dozen crystal structures of human ferrochelatase have been solved and many variants have been characterized kinetically. In addition, hydrogen deuterium exchange, resonance Raman, molecular dynamics, and high level quantum mechanic studies have added to our understanding of the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. However, an understanding of how the metal ion is delivered and the specific role that active site residues play in catalysis remain open questions. Data are consistent with metal binding and insertion occurring from the side opposite from where pyrrole proton abstraction takes place. To better understand iron delivery and binding as well as the role of conserved residues in the active site, we have constructed and characterized a series of enzyme variants. Crystallographic studies as well as rescue and kinetic analysis of variants were performed. Data from these studies are consistent with the M76 residue playing a role in active site metal binding and formation of a weak iron protein ligand being necessary for product release. Additionally, structural data support a role for E343 in proton abstraction and product release in coordination with a peptide loop composed of Q302, S303 and K304 that act a metal sensor.
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Terry, Natalie A., Erik R. Walp, Randall A. Lee, Klaus H. Kaestner et Catherine Lee May. « Impaired enteroendocrine development in intestinal-specificIslet1mouse mutants causes impaired glucose homeostasis ». American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 307, no 10 (15 novembre 2014) : G979—G991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00390.2013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Enteroendocrine cells secrete over a dozen different hormones responsible for coordinating digestion, absorption, metabolism, and gut motility. Loss of enteroendocrine cells is a known cause of severe congenital diarrhea. Furthermore, enteroendocrine cells regulate glucose metabolism, with the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) playing critical roles in stimulating insulin release by pancreatic β-cells. Islet1 (Isl1) is a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor expressed specifically in an array of intestinal endocrine cells, including incretin-expressing cells. To examine the impact of intestinal Isl1 on glycemic control, we set out to explore the role of intestinal Isl1 in hormone cell specification and organismal physiology. Mice with intestinal epithelial-specific ablation of Isl1 were obtained by crossing Villin-Cre transgenic animals with mice harboring a Isl1loxPallele ( Isl1intmodel). Gene ablation of Isl1 in the intestine results in loss of GLP-1, GIP, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin-expressing cells and an increase in 5-HT (serotonin)-producing cells, while the chromogranin A population was unchanged. This dramatic change in hormonal milieu results in animals with lipid malabsorption and females smaller than their littermate controls. Interestingly, when challenged with oral, not intraperitoneal glucose, the Isl-1 intestinal-deficient animals ( Isl1int) display impaired glucose tolerance, indicating loss of the incretin effect. Thus the Isl1intmodel confirms that intestinal biology is essential for organism physiology in glycemic control and susceptibility to diabetes.
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Gana, Nouri. « Sons of a Beach ». Cultural Politics 13, no 2 (1 juillet 2017) : 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-4129125.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines the cultural politics of bastardy in the films of Tunisian filmmaker Nouri Bouzid at a time when questions of national and cultural identity have come to the fore in Tunisia in the wake of the Revolution of Freedom and Dignity. Nouri Bouzid is the doyen of Tunisian cinema. Not only was he involved in every major postcolonial film, whether as a screenwriter, a scriptwriter, or even as an actor, but he single-handedly directed more than half a dozen films, each of which enjoyed wide national and international acclaim. His debut film, Man of Ashes, dramatizes the trauma of child molestation and the collapse of filial relations as well as the emergence of a new generation of men who seek to recast filial and familial relations beyond blood ties and familial limitations. This same cinematic pursuit is further developed in his later films with striking consistency and perseverance. At a time when the postrevolutionary public sphere is saturated with heated debates around Tunisian national identity, propelled by fantasies of purity and virile filiation, Bouzid’s bastard characters serve, the author argues, not only to warp and reclaim the political playing field for revolutionary purposes but also to remind Tunisians of the disturbing legacy of bastardy (instituted by a long history of colonial rape from the Romans to the French) to which they had been and continue to be heirs, and with which they have to reckon. Studying the rhetoric of bastardy in Bouzid’s cinema leaves us in the end with the touching yet unsparing conclusion that for Bouzid there are no Tunisians until they have assumed their bastardy.
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Cortez, Mirian Béccheri, Ricardo da Costa Padovani et Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Williams. « Terapia de grupo cognitivo-comportamental com agressores conjugais ». Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 22, no 1 (mars 2005) : 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2005000100003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Muitas características foram apontadas em relação a agressores conjugais, tais como: ciúme, baixa auto-estima, insegurança, minimização e negação da violência. A teoria da aprendizagem social de Bandura focaliza o papel do ambiente na aquisição, manutenção e modificação de respostas agressivas. Uma revisão da literatura brasileira realizada pelos autores indicou poucos trabalhos direcionados a agressores. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia de um grupo psicoterapêutico cognitivo-comportamental para agressores conjugais, buscando eliminar ou reduzir sua violência. Sete homens denunciados por agredirem suas parceiras participaram deste estudo. Os temas e as técnicas utilizados foram: assumir responsabilidade pela agressão, controle da raiva, role-playing e time-out. Realizaram-se oito sessões, sendo uma por semana (com duas horas de duração cada uma), durante dois meses. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de entrevistas, questionários, Escala de Táticas de Conflito e relatos recolhidos no pré- e pós-teste e em três períodos de "follow-up" de três, seis e doze meses. Os resultados apontam para a redução das agressões, tendo sido registrados dois casos de reincidência.
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Gutierres, Márcia Fernanda, et Carla Fernanda Barbosa Monteiro. « HABILIDADES SOCIAIS NA INFÂNCIA ». Revista Uningá 56, S1 (2 mars 2019) : 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46311/2318-0579.56.euj177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As habilidades sociais não são inatas, elas são comportamentos aprendidos que são culturalmente aceitáveis de acordo com suas normas e valores. Atualmente as Habilidades Sociais são reconhecidas como fator de proteção para o desenvolvimento humano, pois aumentam a capacidade de lidar com situações adversas e estressantes. Em razão disso, intervenções com a finalidade de promover e desenvolver habilidades sociais têm sido desenvolvidas como meio de promoção da saúde mental. Este artigo, expõe os métodos utilizados para o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais na infância e sua importância, através da análise de artigos publicados dos anos de 2005 a 2016 que retratavam intervenções realizadas com crianças de quatro a doze anos de idade. Utilizou-se como método de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica sistematizada tratando-se de uma atualização sobre a temática. Observou-se a prevalência de sessões de intervenção em grupo sem distinção entre os sexos, de frequência semanal com duração variável não menor que cinquenta minutos por sessão. Os métodos utilizados envolvem técnicas de modelação, role-playing, feedback, reforçamento, reflexões e jogos.
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Katunin, D. A. « Language in Bulgarian Legislation ». Rusin, no 62 (2020) : 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article aims to analyse Bulgaria’s provisions of the laws and international treaties that regulate the use and functioning of languages in the country since the restoration of the Bulgarian statehood at the end of the 19th century to the present day (that is, monarchical, socialist and modern periods). The evolution of this aspect of the Bulgarian national law is analysed depending on the form of government in the particular era of the state’s existence. The article examines Bulgaria’s relations with neighboring Balkan countries throughout their development, including numerous wars, which were primarily based on attempts to solve ethnic problems. Based on the results of the censuses of the population of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, data are provided on the dynamics of the absolute and relative number of Bulgarians and major national minorities and on the number of those who indicated their native languages. The significance of the study is due to the fact that the Balkan Peninsula, although being on the periphery of current processes in the modern geopolitical paradigm, not being their actor and being divided into a dozen states, still played and is playing one of the leading roles in the European and world histories. The study of language legislation, as one of the key elements of language policy, makes it possible to identify a variety of aspects of interethnic relations both in the historical, retrospective and long-term perspective. In addition, the study of this issue may be in demand when considering interethnic conflict situations in other problem areas. The article concludes that the language legislation of Bulgaria is characterized by significant minimalism in comparison with similar aspects of law in many European countries, and the linguistic rights of national minorities in Bulgaria are minimally reflected in the considered laws of the state.
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Pliushchenko, M. Yu. « “Jazz Slide” by M. Tovpeko – A. Strilets : Aspects of the original source interpretation ». Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 53, no 53 (20 novembre 2019) : 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-53.08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background. This article is devoted to the actual issues of musical interpretation in connection with one of the most common genres of modern art – genre of transcription in its various aspects. These questions are considered in aspect of genre specificity of transcription as the work with dual authorship that determines a special methodology of such musical samples study, the need of the comparative analysis of the original and transcription versions, the study of principles of composition and artistic interpretation, the manifestations of the performing characteristics in it. This field of creativity encourages researchers to study the principles of artistic thinking, inter-style communication, and virtual creative dialogue between the authors of the original and the version at all levels of musical content and form using the samples of transcriptions. The example of such approach is the given research, which studies the mechanisms of musical interpretation creation in the genres transcription and arrangement in aspect of the contemporary composing and performing practices. The object of the study is the creativity by a bright representative of the Kharkiv school of the playing on folk instruments, Andrii Strilets, the subject of consideration in this article are his orchestra transcriptions-arrangements. The purpose of the research is to determine the principles of interpretation and inter-style dialogue in the genre of transcription on the example of the musical piece “Jazz-slide” by M. Tovpeco for two accordions in the arrangement by A. Strilets. For the first time in musicology this composition becomes an object for the theoretical analysis in aspect of the artistic interpretation and inter-style dialogue in genre of transcription-arrangement. This determines the relevance and scientific novelty of the study. For the first time also, the research is focused on the multifaceted creative activity of the talented Kharkiv musician A. Strilets, which combines the various directions – composition, conducting, bayan performance and pedagogy. Results of the study. The list of the works by A. Strilets includes dozens of positions, in particular, the orchestral opuses – about 40, the vocal pieces – more than 40, there are also the dance music, vocal-choreographic compositions and others. Composer prepared for publication the author’s collection “Concert works for bayan”, which will be a musical presentation of his work. Pedagogical work of the musician is successfully combined with the performing activity. A. Strilets is a talented accordion / bayan performer (the winner of all-Ukrainian and international competitions, among them, the prestigious international competition “Vogtland Music Days” in Klingenthal, Germany; participant of tours as a bayan player-performer in Belgium, Germany, Poland, Ukraine) and conductor. He worked as a conductor at the Kharkiv City Theater of Folk Music “Oberegi”; he made a significant contribution to the creation of the “Slobozhanskii Big Academic Song and Dance Ensemble” (2011), which he conducts nowadays, and also acts as an author and arranger of a significant part of the musical repertoire of this ensemble. Being the head of the folk instruments orchestra, musician directs his actions, first of all, to improve the performing level of the musicians, to expand the concert repertoire and the genre diversity of the performed compositions, to change and complete the instrumental compositions. The study also highlights several signs of the pedagogy of A. Strilets. As a teacher, he encourages in his class the independent thinking of the performer and the searching of a reasonable interpretation, provides the information about stylistic features of works for fully disclosing of its content, he takes into account the analysis of their dramaturgy and form, carefully relates to the reproduction of author’s remarks, aims from the musicians the task of the most accurate composer’s intention disclosure. These pedagogical principles project onto the compositional features of A. Strilets’ works, which are clearly demonstrated in sphere of his arranger’s work. The study specifies a number of basic composer principles and methods used by A. Strilets in the transcription-arrangement of “Jazz Slide”. 1. First of all, the arranger updates the timbre-texture complex of the original, redistributing certain content and form-building components in the musical “space” and “time”, giving them new configurations, which leads to strengthening or, in opposite, leveling (down to rotation) of their original dramatic functions – general and minor, solo and accompanying, monological and dialogical, ensemble and orchestral, melodic, harmonic, rhythmic and others. 2. The sound-texture aspect demonstrates both smallest and systemic changes of musical and expressive complex of the original – from the separate elements to their cumulative action, which contributes to the genre-style qualities transformation of the work, strengthening the through development in it, up to the presence of signs of symphonization. 3. Hence, the genre concept of the work is updated, and it leads to the emergence of a new genre quality – “concert-ness” – and to the consolidation of the concert status of the work (which becomes similar to a concert for two accordions / bayans with an orchestra). The quality of “concert” is also achieved due to the growing role of soloists, in particular, the strengthening of solo replicas in the orchestra (separation of elements of the original melodic themes and distribution them to orchestral groups), which leads to the polyphonization of the musical facture, emphasizing (new coloring) some features of the melodic lines of the soloists and like other. 4. At the level of harmony, on the one hand, the emphasis of its original content, on the other hand, the search of its melodic potential is observed. 5. The rhythmic parameter of sound-facture complex contributes to the enhancement of genre-style semantics of the original source, taking into account its jazz “filling”. 6. Comparative analysis of the original and version reveals signs of a method of composer interpretation that involves a creative component in arranging, supplementing, and rethinking the content of the original. Conclusion. In course of studying it was found that the arranger, at the preserving of the structure of the original piece – a contrast-composite form, updates the procession-dynamic and dramatic sides of it, primarily due to the action of the timbre-texture complex as the key interpretative factor in creating of the orchestral version of the original. The prospect of the research. The considered issues require, of course, the further research – both from the point of view of the artistic significance of genres, arrangement and transcription, in particular, for orchestras and ensembles of folk instruments, and in the aspect of the action of mechanisms of artistic interpretation and the features of the transcription process, which naturally combines composer and performing arts. The work of the talented Kharkiv musician Andrii Strilets who is one of the most prominent representatives of the Kharkiv school of folk instruments, deserves a separate study.
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Fulczyk, Agnieszka, Eliza Łata, Miloš Dolnik, Ewa Talik, Teresa Kowalska et Mieczysław Sajewicz. « Impact of D2O on peptidization of L-histidine ». Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 133, no 1 (28 mai 2021) : 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-02003-x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis is our sixth consecutive study carried out in an order to collect an experimental evidence on the impact of heavy water (D2O) on spontaneous peptidization of the proteinogenic α-amino acids and this time it is L-histidine (L-His). Scientists have not yet achieved a full consensus regarding the source of this very important amino acid in human and mammalian tissues, and on this particular question rather contradictory answers in form of experimental results are produced, equally supporting its exogenous and endogenous origin. Although this issue still remains unsolved, for practical demands of life sciences the two UN agencies, FAO and WHO, have both tentatively accepted that L-His is an exogenous α-amino acid. As analytical techniques, in our studies we employed high-performance liquid chromatography with the diode array detection (HPLC–DAD), mass spectrometry (MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spontaneous peptidization of L-His dissolved in methanol + H2O, 7:3 (v/v) was carried out at 22 ± 0.5 °C in the darkness for a relatively long period of 314 h, and its progress was chromatographically checked by targeting concentration of the L-His monomer in the 12-min intervals. This investigation revealed alternating yet non-periodic concentration changes, indicating changeable formation and hydrolytic decay of the L-His-derived oligopeptides in the function of time, and a fast net concentration fall of the L-His monomer (witnessing to quite vigorous peptidization). Moreover, the MS results confirmed formation of the relatively high oligopeptides, falling within the range of two or more dozen L-His monomer units. Impact of D2O on peptidization of L-His was traced with use of MS and SEM for the L-His samples dissolved in aqueous methanol solvents containing 5, 10, 20, and 30% D2O, and also in pure D2O. Similar to the results earlier presented for five other proteinogenic α-amino acids, heavy water exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on spontaneous peptidization of L-His, equally perceptible when assessed with aid of mass spectrometry (with the mass spectra in the first instance playing the role of quasi-quantitative fingerprints), and based on purely qualitative micrographs derived with use of SEM.
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Siting, Zhao, Kishan Kishan et Amiya Patanaik. « 271 Sleep staging performance of a signal-agnostic cloud-based real-time sleep analytics platform ». Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 mai 2021) : A108—A109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.270.
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Abstract Introduction The coronavirus pandemic has brought unprecedented changes to the health care system, including sleep medicine. Remote monitoring and telemedicine played a significant role in this shift. We anticipate these changes to continue in the future with internet-connected wearables (ICWs) playing an important role in measuring and managing sleep remotely. As these ICWs measures a small subset of signals traditionally measured during polysomnography (PSG), manual sleep staging becomes non-trivial and sometimes impossible. The ability to do accurate and reliable automatic sleep staging using different modalities of physiological signals remotely is becoming ever more important. Methods The current work seeks to quantify the sleep staging performance of Z3Score-Neo (https://z3score.com, Neurobit Technologies, Singapore), a signal agnostic, cloud-based real-time sleep analytics platform. We tested its staging performance on the CINC open dataset with N=994 subjects using various combinations of signals including Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrooculogram (EOG), Electromyogram (EMG), and Instantaneous Heart Rate (IHR) derived from Electrocardiogram (ECG). The staging was compared against manual scoring based on PSG. For IHR based staging, N1 and N2 were combined. Results We achieved substantial agreement (all Cohen’s Kappa > 0.7) between automatic and manual staging using various combinations of EEG, EOG and EMG channels with accuracies varying between 81.76% (two central EEGs, one EOG, one EMG), 79.31% (EEG+EOG), 78.73% (EEG only) and 78.09% (one EOG). We achieved moderate agreement (accuracy: 72.8% κ=0.54) with IHR derived from ECG. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the accuracy of a cloud-based sleep analytics platform on an open dataset, using various combinations of ecologically valid physiological signals. EOG and EMG channels can be easily self-administered using sticker-based electrodes and can be added to existing home sleep apnea test (HSAT) kits significantly improving their utility. ICWs are already capable of accurately measuring EEG/EOG (Muse, InteraXon Inc., Toronto, Canada; Dreem band, Dreem, USA) and IHR derived from ECG (Movesense, Suunto, Finland) or photoplethysmogram (Oura Ring, Oura Health Oy, Finland) or through non-contact ballistocardiogram/radio-based measurements (Dozee, Turtle Shell Technologies, India; Sleepiz, Sleepiz AG, Switzerland). Therefore, a well-validated cloud-based staging platform solves a major technological hurdle towards the proliferation of remote monitoring and telehealth in sleep medicine. Support (if any):
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Borba, Anna Karla de Oliveira Tito, Roberta Souza Pereira da Silva Ramos, Ana Paula de Oliveira Marques, Francisca Márcia Pereira Linhares, Márcia Carrera Campos Leal et Vânia Pinheiro Ramos. « Health education : operative group experience for diabetic elderly people ». Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no 11 (15 décembre 2011) : 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1718-1196-1-le.0511spe201111.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to enable the diabetic elderly people to cope with the disease and their limitations through operative groups f health education. Method: this is an experience report regarding the educative activity developed by the team of the university extension project called “Grupos operatives de educação em saúde para idosos diabéticos” aiming the segment assisted by the Nucleo de Atençao ao Idoso da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (NAI/UFPE), carried out from June to July 2011. The group had the participation of twelve elderly people, identified as diabetic ones through consultation to their medical records, who were invited to participate in the educational activity through telephonic contact and posterior individual consultation. Four weekly two-hour meetings were held, and to carry out the activity the following strategy was used: Analysis of demand – survey; Pre-analysis of the group and context problematics – planning; Survey of generating issues and definition of focus – performance and evaluation. Results: the operative group provided the diabetic elderly people with encouragement for playing a leading role and having autonomy, appreciation of knowledge and personal experiences and the questioning of self-care strategies for living with diabetes through participatory and playful teaching methodologies. Conclusion: the practice of health education through operative groups for diabetic elderly people can contribute develop the ability to better cope with the disease through the (re)construction of knowledge on it and the consequent adoption of special self-care behaviors, allowing a higher quality to the additional years of life.Descriptors: health education; elderley; diabetes mellitus.RESUMOObjetivo: capacitar os idosos diabéticos a lidar com a doença e suas limitações por meio de grupos operativos de educação em saúde. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência quanto à atividade educativa desenvolvida pela equipe do projeto de extensão universitária “Grupos operativos de educação em saúde para idosos diabéticos”, voltada ao segmento assistido pelo Núcleo de Atenção ao Idoso da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (NAI/UFPE), realizada de junho a julho de 2011. O grupo contou com a participação de doze idosos, identificados como diabéticos pela consulta aos prontuários, os quais foram convidados a participar da atividade educativa por contato telefônico e posterior consulta individual. Foram realizados quatro encontros semanais com duração de duas horas e para condução da atividade utilizou-se a seguinte estratégia: Análise da demanda – levantamento; Pré-análise da problemática do contexto e do grupo – Planejamento; Levantamento dos temas geradores e definição do foco – execução e avaliação. Resultados: o grupo operativo proporcionou aos idosos diabéticos estímulo ao protagonismo e autonomia, valorização do saber e das experiências pessoais e a problematização de estratégias de autocuidado para a convivência com o diabetes através de metodologias de ensino participativas e lúdicas. Conclusão: as práticas de educação em saúde por meio de grupos operativos para idosos diabéticos podem contribuir para desenvolver a capacidade de lidar melhor com a doença pela (re)construção do conhecimento sobre ela e consequente adoção de comportamentos especiais de autocuidado, proporcionando maior qualidade aos anos adicionais de vida. Descritores: educação em saúde; idoso; diabetes mellitus.RESUMENObjetivo: capacitar los ancianos diabéticos a lidiar con la enfermedad y sus limitaciones por medio de grupos operativos de educación en salud. Método: esto es un relato de experiencia en cuanto a la actividad educativa desarrollada por el equipo del proyecto de extensión universitaria “grupos operativos de educação em saúde para idosos diabéticos” dirigida al segmento asistido el Núcelo de Atenção ao Idoso de la Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (NAI?UFPE), realizada de junio hasta julio de 2011. El grupo contó con la participación de doce ancianos, identificados cómo diabéticos por la consulta a los prontuarios, los cuales fueron invitados a participar en la actividad educativa por contacto telefónico y posterior consulta individual. Fueron realizados cuatro encuentros semanales de dos horas de duración y para llevar a cabo la actividad se utilizó la siguiente estrategia: Análisis de la demanda – Encuesta; Pre-análisis de la problemática del contexto y del grupo – planeamiento; Levantamiento de los temas generadores y definición del enfoque – ejecución y evaluación. Resultados: el grupo operativo proporcionó a los ancianos diabéticos el estímulo al protagonismo y la autonomía, valorización del saber y de las experiencias personales y la problematización de estrategias de autocuidado para convivir con la diabetes a través de metodologías de enseñanza participativas y lúdicas. Conclusión: las prácticas de la educación en salud por medio de grupos operativos para ancianos diabéticos pueden contribuir para desarrollar la capacidad de hacer frente mejor a la enfermedad a través de la (re)construcción de conocimiento sobre ella y la consecuente adopción de comportamientos especiales de autocuidado, proporcionando mayor calidad a los años adicionales de vida. Descriptores: educación en salud; anciano; diabetes mellitus.
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Idesawa, Masanori. « Special Issue on New Evolution in Vision System ». Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no 2 (20 avril 1997) : 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0083.
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A human being can carry on his activities flexibly in his three-dimensional environment by grasping and judging objects and various situations in the external world through his senses. Of these senses, the visual sense plays the most important role. And almost all the processing of visual information is carried out by the brain, just as the saying, ""The eye is a branch of the brain,"" goes. We see things not with the eye but rather with the brain. The mechanism of information processing inside the brain is an ultimately fine example of an information system, and in recent years, attention has increasingly been paid to the elucidation of this mechanism among information scientists as well as information processing engineers. In the past, studies on the visual function have been carried out and developed energetically by neuro-physiologists and anatomists, as well as by psychologists and psycho-physicists. In recent years, new research techniques and measurement methods have been developed and refined and, so, past knowledge has been corrected or new discoveries made; for this reason, it is now _ cnsidered necessary to carry out studies from new standpoints, including ng information science and other scientific fields. It is desired that automatic systems, such as robots and the like, be also equipped with a visual system corresponding to the human visual sense. Studies on the artificial realization of visual functions and their applications, which started roughly in the latter half of the 1960s, were concerned, at the initial stages, with the reading of characters and figures as pattern recognition and image processing. After that time, various fields of research have been formed and developed, such as image understanding as well as robot vision and computer vision as visual systems for intelligent robots. From about 1985, research called ""Shape from X"" based on computational vision by Marr1) has been carried out actively. Recently, however, the research in this field has collide with a mysterious wall, and has therefore been somewhat in a stagnant state. For this reason, a new breakthrough is strongly desired just about now. In order to make clear the true nature of this wall and bring about a breakthrough, this special issue concerning ""new development of vision systems"" has been planned with the view to constructing a new paradigm in the artificial realization of visual functions, such as computer vision, etc., and their applications. It is our wish that progress be made not only in the construction of a new paradigm for promoting themes and studies in robot vision, stereo vision, etc., including recent knowledge and simulation of the human visual system, but also in research and development work with future research advances taken into account. Now, the present author would like to reminisce about research situations in this field at about the time when he was a student. In the latter half of the 1960s, the automatic reading of marks and characters under the name of pattern recognition was being pushed forward as a national project. It was around that time that an automatic zip code reading system was created. And, attempts were started on image processing and on intelligent robots furnished with a visual capability. A little before that time, efforts had been seen to learn and apply the mechanisms of living creatures in engineering fields, such as cybernetics, bionics,etc., with the result that studies using animals have been carried out in earnest. At that time, a large number of cats, rabbits, and others were forced to cooperate (?) in a sacrificial and devoted way as ""volunteers(?)"" in studies by engineers. At about the time when the enthusiasm for this bionics cooled off, the present author as a graduate school student was fortunate enough to pay a visit at national research institute which was playing a leading role in research on robots and pattern recognition in Japan. An image-acquiring device based on a TV camera, which can be obtained cheaply nowadays, was priced at that time at more than several million yen in spite of its slow input speed (taking a dozen or so minutes for inputting a single image) and low performance. At that time, there were only a handful of universities and research institutes which were in possession of an image-acquiring device using a TV camera. For this reason, a stereo vision system equipped with a pair of TV cameras was considered a dream beyond a dream. The research who was giving a tour at that time said by way of an explanation, ""If another TV camera image acquiring device were available, it would be possible to realize a stereo vision system capable of recognizing three-dimensional objects through binocular stereo viewing, but we have been able to purchase only a single unit due to a low budget and a high cost of the unit."" At that time, the author, who was also interested in stereo vision in connection with the development of ""a system for generating solid figures from three-dimensional drawings""2), had been convinced that binocular stereo viewing was not such a simple topic. For this reason, this arrogant student was audacious enough to ask, ""I think that the use of two TV cameras will make possible the input of a pair of two-dimensional pictures but will not lead to the realization of stereo vision, so do you have any new idea?"" Incidentally, it is now possible to obtain a device that costs only a 200th of the price charged at that time but has a level of performance (input speed) more than 200 times as high as before. In the case of computers, too, the performance has improved dramatically, and the price has become remarkably cheaper. From the situation as existed at that time, today's situation appears totally to be a dream, and is one in which stereo vision would be a simple matter. What is surprising, however, is that unfortunately stereo vision has not been so simple as was thought at that time and is far from being realized even now. And, as stated previously, studies in this field have recently crashed an inexplicable wall, and are somewhat in a stagnant state. A new breakthrough is desired at about this time, and it is getting increasingly more opportune to make use of results achieved in fields, such as psychology, brain science, and the like. This is by itself a very good thing, but blind adoption may be somewhat disputable. It is not the case that all the past knowledge in these fields is totally correct, and a great deal of that knowledge may have to be corrected for studies to be conducted from a new point of view. In introducing such results, it is strongly desired to review the current situation from a new standpoint; in other words, rather than repeating the age of cybernetics or bionics of that time, the present age is hoped to become an age of ""neo-cybernetics"" or ""neo-bionics"" in the true sense of the word.
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Melnyk, A. O. « Violin miniature in creativity by Liudmila Shukailo : features of the genre interpretation ». Aspects of Historical Musicology 17, no 17 (15 septembre 2019) : 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-17.07.
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Background. Rapidness of information flows of contemporary life enforces to concentrate a significant amount of information in small formats. This fact meaningfully increases social and practical significance, cultural and aesthetic value of miniature genres, in particularly, in the musical art. The violin miniature is a historically developed, typologically settled genre of professional musical creativity designed to solo music-making in the conditions of chamber or concert performance. Relevance of the genre is also due to its active inclusion in the programs of competitions and festivals. To the violin miniature genre the such outstanding masters of past were addressing as N. Paganini, H. Wieniawski, P. Tchaikovsky, E. Elgar, J. Sibelius, F. Kreisler, as well as the Ukrainian composers – M. Lysenko, V. Kosenko, L. Revutskyi, B. Liatoshynskyi, etc. True renaissance of violin miniature in Ukraine began in the 70’s of the XX century: about 30 miniatures were created by Yu. Ishchenko, I. Karabits, E. Stankovich, O. Kiva, V. Homoliaka, L. Bulhakov, S. Kolobkov and others. At the end of the XX century the Ukrainian artists written about a dozen miniatures and cycles, among the authors ‒ V. Sylvestrov, M. Skoryk, M. Karminskyi, K. Dominchen, H. Havrylets, O. Krasotov, V. Manyk. The 2000s years for the violin miniature genre became even more productive. Let us note the creative achievements of M. Skoryk, O. Hnatovska, I. Albova and M. Stetsiun. The miniatures by famous Kharkiv composer Liudmila Shukailo, who created a cycle of 10 plays, were an important contribution to the violin repertoire. The objective of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the genre interpretation of violin miniatures in the L. Shukailo’s creativity on the example of her collection «10 pieces for violin and piano». At the present stage the study of the genre of Ukrainian violin miniature is insufficient; in particular, L. Shukaylo’s miniatures were not considered by researchers. The methodological basis of this study is the concept of the genre of miniature by K. Zenkin (1997), E. Nazaikinskyi (2009), N. Ryabukhа (2004), L. Sviridovska (2007), N. Govar (2013), O. Harhai (2013), V. Zaranskyi (2009). The research results. Miniature is a genre that embodies a variety of lyrical emotions and subtle nuances of mental states and also presupposes clearness of a form, laconism and concentration of thought, the elegance of means of artistic expression and the chamber conditions for performance. The latter contribute to the passing of depth of its content and special intimacy of utterance. In the works of L. Shukailo all the characteristics of miniature genre are the means realization the composer’s artistic idea. There are a lot of miniatures for various instruments among her works. This genre attracts the artist with its exceptional feature: it is necessary to outline a specific laconic image without «blurring». Working on the violin miniature, the author seeks to achieve maximum effects by minimal means, taking into account the performing convenience and mobility of the chamber type of music. Creativity by Kharkiv composer Liudmila Shukailo, who for several decades has been working in the Kharkiv Middle Special Music School, attracts the attention of performers and art critics. All the time communicating with children, the composer creates a lot of various pieces for young performers. Thus, the original author’s solution demonstrates in the collection «10 pieces for violin and piano» formed on the principle of «school of playing», that is the increasing of degree of complexity. Most of the pieces have the names corresponding to different style traditions: Baroque (Passacalia), Romanticism (Elegy, Scherzino, Waltz, Intermezzo, Burlesque), some of plays are emphasized separately – «Ballet scene», «Variations» and «Spring duet». It is the contrast of genre attributes that promotes to join diverse miniatures into a cycle. The author traditionally prefers the genre of descriptive (programmed) miniature, because in it, in her opinion, it is easier to specify the content and create the vivid image that is very important for young musicians. The first piece of the collection, “Passacalia”, is stylized in the same named genre (moderate tempo, triple meter, elements of basso ostinato, etc.), however L. Shukailo uses the method of stylization creatively: she interprets this genre in the context of a new round of historical and stylistic development, with the maximum introduction of individual musical thinking. The piece “Ballet scene” marked by bright theatricality. Its waltz theme has a cross-cutting development, creates the illusion of whirling; the accents and underscores of weak shares add to it vividness and capriciousness. The piece “Oh, verbo, verbo” (“Oh, willow, willow”) is the miniature variations on the theme of Ukrainian folk song. The first variation resembles a waltz, the second – the Ukrainian dance “Cossack” with its characteristic rhythm and the third associates with the genre of Toccata due to monotonous rapid movement. The romantic quasi-vocal “Spring duet”, a musical dialogue of violin and piano, requires the ability to «sing» on the instrument, to fill the sound with a beautiful timbre. The next piece, “Allegro”, corresponds to its tempo and characteristic designation. The choice of the tonality of the miniature (“bright” C major), “grateful” for a violinist, adds a festive flavor and reveals the author’s goal: to address the music to beginners, taking into account their perception and performance capabilities. The monotony of the “canter” technical figurations, which is maintained throughout the play, unites “Allegro” with the etude and makes it possible to use it as an etude. Semantics of the next piece, “Elegies” in D minor, fully corresponds to the genre of the sad song. Its lyrical and psychological aura outlines the multifaceted image and its tense development. The contrast to the antecedent sad mood the piece “Scherzino” presents – the miniature with a characteristic for children’s music name. The stroke of staccato, the alternation of ascending and descending melodic movements, unexpected stops create a certain comic effect. Unfolded “Waltz” marked by virtuoso-improvisational character, continues the cycle. Song and recitation “Intermezzo” is characterized by the complication of the figurative and semantic aspects. The miniature has a pronounced lyrical and dramatic orientation. Modern harmonious style is manifested in the extension of tonal-harmonic relations, the introduction of alterated tones, tone oppositions, daring shifts-modulations. The piece is marked by equality of violin and piano parts, which seize the initiative from each other creating the continuity of musical development. The last miniature – “Burlesque”, with Rondo features, performs the final function in the cycle. The piece has virtuosic orientation – fast paced, rapid passages, pizzicato, dynamic contrasts and the solo Cadenza with bright loud double notes. Interpretation of this miniature can be complete only in terms of technical assimilation of all previous material. “Burlesque”, in fact, is a test of skill and can be recommended for performances in open concerts. Conclusions. Violin miniature is a conceptual genre of musical culture, performing self-sufficient artistic function like to other genres and being able to reflect the psychology of an author’s personality. In the Ukrainian composers creativity, the genre of violin miniatures is lifted on great artistic high, as the “10 pieces for violin and piano” by L. Shukailo evidenced, which are characterized by melodicism, clarity and persuasiveness of the creative idea, the logics of the musical language. The composer uses the program descriptiveness, genre stylization and folklore sources expressing in music her own emotions, impressions and feelings. Poetic imagery that fascinates with emotion and extremely romanticized reproduction of reality, as well as interesting findings in the field of form and expressive means give the works of self-containment and artistic value. L. Shukailo’s cycle “10 pieces for violin and piano” can be recommended both, for performing as an indivisible work and for using of the pieces in isolation with a methodical purpose. The cycle is aimed at the formation of not only the technical skills, but also on the possession of the specifics of adequate reproduction of the figurative and semantic content of a musical work. Prospects. The questions of scientific understanding of the individual composer’s style of L. Shukailo require the more detailed musicological analysis. Some of the observations obtained in this article can be applied in the study of a wider range of problems of modern violin art, in particular, the use of the latest composer techniques in the genre of violin miniatures. Further development of the theme will also contribute to the enrichment of the teaching and methodical repertoire in the genre of violin miniature, to identify its new genre varieties and to attract its best samples to the violin performance.
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« ETC : can hydrogen lead the drive to net zero ? » Fuel Cells Bulletin 2022, no 7 (juillet 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1464-2859(22)70084-3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Energy Transitions Commission (ETC) is a global coalition of leaders from across the energy landscape committed to achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century, in line with the Paris climate objective of limiting global warming to well below 2°C and ideally to 1.5°C. Its members comprise dozens of major energy companies, banks and environmental agencies – including BP and Shell, the Bank of America and the Chinese Government's State Council Development Research Center. Here we speak to ETC's director, Ita Kettleborough, about its work and what part she sees hydrogen playing in the move to net zero.
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Weinberg, Maya, Omer Mazar, Adi Rachum, Xing Chen, Sophia Goutink, Nora Lifshitz, Rona Winter-Livneh, Gábor Á. Czirják et Yossi Yovel. « Seasonal challenges of tropical bats in temperate zones ». Scientific Reports 12, no 1 (7 octobre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21076-9.
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AbstractTo examine the challenges faced by free-ranging Rousettus aegyptiacus living at the northern edge of their distribution, we performed a retrospective analysis of 2196 clinical cases reported by a bat rescue NGO over a period of 36 months, from throughout Israel. All cases of injured bats were evaluated and categorized according to date, place, sex, age, and etiology of the morbidity. The data analysis revealed an increase in all types of morbidity during the wintertime, with more than two-fold the number of cases per week compared to in the summer, over three consecutive years. Moreover, we found that the number of abandoned pups peaked during spring and summer, when adult morbidity is minimal. We characterized two prominent types of previously undescribed morbidities in R. aegyptiacus. We also employed GPS tracking to monitor the movement and foraging of dozens of bats, and to examine the potential correlates of elevated winter morbidity. Our results suggest that it is mainly harsh weather that drives the observed winter morbidity, with food limitations playing a minor-role. We hypothesize that R. aegyptiacus, of tropical origin, is facing major seasonal survival difficulties near the northern edge of its distribution, probably limiting its spread further northwards still.
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Blasi, Brigida R. « Rediscovering Dana : The Forgotten Black Coal Miners of Southern Wyoming ». Western Historical Quarterly, 7 juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whaa044.
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Abstract When coal was king in late nineteenth century Wyoming, the industry was dominated by the Union Pacific Coal Company (UPCC). Operating dozens of mines throughout the high deserts of southwestern and south-central Wyoming well into the twentieth century, the UPCC’s economic success was thanks in large part to its practice of creating wage competition among its carefully recruited pool of multinational and multiethnic laborers. Unsurprisingly, the company’s first recruited group of Black miners were brought in as strikebreakers. They came to a short-lived coal town called Dana about 150 miles west of Cheyenne. Instead of playing the company's intended role, the Black miners greatly influenced early labor reform efforts and the trend of Black western migration and settlement. This article contributes to the scholarship on Black laborers in the West by examining the story of Dana’s Black miners, their role in the passage of fair labor legislation, and their subsequent removal from the historical record. By both building on recent methodologies and utilizing tools of historical interpretation often dismissed or minimized outside the practice of public history, such as genealogy, this article also argues that restoring individual identity augments perception of overall migrant group experience and significance in the evolution of the social and industrial landscape of the U.S. West.
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Warska, Katarzyna. « Portret nauczyciela. Jak uczniowie odmalowali Brunona Schulza ? » Schulz/Forum, no 14 (16 décembre 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2019.14.08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bruno Schulz used to portray his students. They were usually glad for it, although some claimed that Schulz at times crossed the comfort limit of female students. After many years, students portrayed him in their testimonies in which they tried to remember what he was like, and their perspective was different from that of Schulz’s friends. Students always remain lower in the school hierarchy and usually they cannot get to know their teacher very well. Thus, they have to rely on what they observed during lessons or outside of school. Corporeality played an important role in students’ stories, simply because they had visual access to it: Schulz appeared in class in his bodily form. As a teacher, he used his body to work – he spoke, drew, walked, etc. He played with his body and was observed as a central figure in the classroom, playing his role of an authority before an audience. Consequently, students drew conclusions about his mental traits in reference to physical ones. Generally, the teacher’s body should be asexual, sterile, aesthetically pleasing, and reliable. Therefore, Schulz’s body was not entirely his own since it had to fit his social role, which it did not always do. Because Schulz’s corporeality was quite uncommon, students talked about it and then Schulz specialists asked their professional questions. Students described in detail his figure, gait, face, look, hands, clothes, voice, and sexuality. The essay is an attempt to collect all the relevant texts that address the topic. It proves that especially corporeality impacted how Schulz was perceived as a teacher and a human being. Students saw him either as rather withdrawn and stressed, or as a strong magnetic personality. It is hard to judge the truth value of their opinions – probably they tell us little about the real Schulz. However, dozens of statements by Schulz’s students that refer to his corporality greatly enhance his picture known from photos. A gender perspective makes the problem even more interesting, as we can see a difference between the memories of women and men: the former seem to resemble Schulz’s drawings and portraits of female sitters, while the latter his portraits of the male ones. Unfortunately, we have only a few female testimonies since Schulz taught mainly in a school for boys.
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Madu, Nicole M. « Reimagining Early Childhood Classrooms as Sites of Love : Humanizing Black Boys through Head Rubs and “ Playin’ the Dozens ” ». Occasional Paper Series 2021, no 46 (25 octobre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.58295/2375-3668.1413.
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Thibeault, Matthew D. « Aebersold’s Mediated Play-A-Long Pedagogy and the Invention of the Beginning Jazz Improvisation Student ». Journal of Research in Music Education, 11 août 2021, 002242942110318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00224294211031894.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this historical study, I present the emergence and evolution of Jamey Aebersold’s Play-A-Long volumes and their key role in bringing jazz improvisation to formal music education. Drawing on oral histories and using a framework from sound studies, I present chord-scales and pattern playing as Deweyan conceptual technologies that assist beginners in developing a mature technique. I recount how Aebersold learned these as a student of David Baker at Indiana University, then applied the idea through teaching improvisation with the Dorian mode over Davis’s “So What.” In 1967 Aebersold published volume 1, and the Play-A-Long evolved into a system over a dozen years as subsequent volumes included new scale types, like the blues scale; added idiomatic patterns; incorporated his new Scale Syllabus; and licensed standard repertoire. I then describe how these technologies imply the “soloist as such”: a generic model of learning improvisation as a process of learning tunes and tasks from simple to complex around a core unity of theory and performance. This model in particular addressed beginning improvisation and the slogan “Anyone Can Improvise.” Finally, I consider criticisms of the model, note that the chord-scale approach is Black music theory, and suggest future research.
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Purchase, Scott. « Jazz Composition ». Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings, 29 novembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp.7788.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Music composition is an art of courage and thoroughness. After nearly four years of playing jazz with Queen’s music professor Greg Runions (winner of the 2006-07 Queens Music Department Teaching Award) and studying music theory and analysis, I have recently delved into the fascinating art of writing original music in the broadly defined jazz idiom. The opportunity to give something back to the creative music community has been both humbling and inspiring. Through Prof. Runions impressive experience as a prolific local composer, I have learned about the challenges of connecting melodic ideas with music harmony that both pleases and challenges the listener. In two semesters of study, we have explored jazz arranging for a variety of instrument groups, the complex art of chord extensions and modulation, and writing melodies over chord progressions that are memorable and enjoyable. I have produced a dozen songs in lead sheet format, similar to the way music is found in jazz performance fake books. Some of these pieces have been fleshed out to cover a wide range of instrumental performance, including solo piano, jazz combo, vocal jazz ensemble, and full jazz ensemble. I plan to continue this process throughout my life as new inspiration and musical situations arise, seeking to grasp the expressivity and enjoyment that music instills in us all.
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Dwyer, Matthew E., et Roger P. Hangarter. « Light-induced displacement of PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1 precedes light-dependent chloroplast movements ». Plant Physiology, 27 avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac193.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Light-dependent chloroplast movements are an actin-dependent cellular response to changes in the light environment that help plants maximize photosynthetic potential and reduce photodamage. Over a dozen proteins are known to be required for normal chloroplast movements, but the molecular mechanisms regulating the transformation of light perception into chloroplast motility are not fully understood. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the actin-bundling plasma membrane–associated proteins THRUMIN1, PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1 (PMI1), and KINESIN-LIKE PROTEIN FOR ACTIN-BASED CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT1 (KAC1) interact through the 14-3-3 proteins KAPPA and OMEGA. We also show that the interaction of PMI1 with 14-3-3 KAPPA and OMEGA is regulated by blue light activation of the Phototropin2 photoreceptor. Live-cell confocal microscopy revealed light-induced dynamic changes in the cellular localizations of PMI1 and KAC1. In particular, PMI1 was relocated away from irradiated areas of the plasma membrane in less than a minute after blue light exposure, consistent with PMI1 playing a critical role in initiating light-dependent chloroplast movements. We present a modified conceptual model for high light-dependent chloroplast movements in which PMI1 acts as the mobile signal that initiates a coordinated sequence of changes in protein-protein and protein-plasma membrane interactions that initiate the chloroplast movement response and determine where in the cell chloroplasts are able to anchor to the plasma membrane.