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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Plant microgravity »

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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Yuni Pramita Utami, Ni Luh, Ni Nyoman Rupiasih et I. Wayan Supardi. « PENGARUH PERLAKUAN MIKROGRAVITASI PADA BIJI CABAI RAWIT TERHADAP LAJU PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS L.) ». BULETIN FISIKA 18, no 1 (1 février 2017) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2017.v18.i01.p01.

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The study has been done on the effect of microgravity on cayenne pepper seed (Capsicum frutescens L.) on the growth rate and percentage of live of cayenne pepper plant. Microgravity is simulated by 2-D clinostat with the rotation speed of 2.7 rpm (1.22 × 10-4 g). The microgravity treatments werevariatewith time, known for 12 h (S1), 24 h (S2), and 48 h (S3).The seeds that have been clinorotated were planted in normal gravity environment, 1 g. Plant height and percentage of life measurements were carried out every dayduring the vegetative phase of plant of 0-40 days. The results showed that microgravity treatment on seeds gives positive effect on the growth rate of the cayenne pepper plant.
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Yamada, M., Y. Takeuchi, H. Kasahara, S. Murakami et M. Yamashita. « Plant Growth under Clinostat-Microgravity Condition ». Biological Sciences in Space 7, no 2 (1993) : 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2187/bss.7.116.

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Brykov, V. O. « Bioenergetics of plant cells in microgravity ». Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 21, no 4(95) (30 juillet 2015) : 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2015.04.084.

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Masuda, Y. « Plant Growth and Development under Microgravity Conditions ». Biological Sciences in Space 7, no 2 (1993) : 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2187/bss.7.101.

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Bruce D. Wright, Walter C. Bausch et William M. Knott. « A Hydroponic System for Microgravity Plant Experiments ». Transactions of the ASAE 31, no 2 (1988) : 0440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30728.

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M. G. Lefsrud, G. A. Giacomelli, H. W. Janes et M. H. Kliss. « DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROGRAVITY PLANT GROWTH POCKET ». Transactions of the ASAE 46, no 6 (2003) : 1647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.15635.

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Zaidi, M. A., H. Murase, A. Tani, K. Murakami et N. Honami. « Identification of Microgravity Role in Plant Growth ». IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no 11 (juillet 1997) : 1699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43088-6.

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Kordyum, E. L. « Plant cell gravisensitivity and adaptation to microgravity ». Plant Biology 16 (4 juin 2013) : 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/plb.12047.

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XU, Zengchuang, Tao ZHANG, Weibo ZHENG, Dazhao XU, Yisong GUO et Yongchun YUAN. « Design of Plant Incubator under Microgravity Environment ». Chinese Journal of Space Science 36, no 4 (2016) : 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss2016.04.566.

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Kato, Shiho, Mana Murakami, Ryo Saika, Kouichi Soga, Kazuyuki Wakabayashi, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Sachiko Yano et al. « Suppression of Cortical Microtubule Reorientation and Stimulation of Cell Elongation in Arabidopsis Hypocotyls under Microgravity Conditions in Space ». Plants 11, no 3 (8 février 2022) : 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030465.

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How microgravity in space influences plant cell growth is an important issue for plant cell biology as well as space biology. We investigated the role of cortical microtubules in the stimulation of elongation growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls under microgravity conditions with the Resist Tubule space experiment. The epidermal cells in the lower half of the hypocotyls of wild-type Columbia were longer in microgravity than at on-orbit 1 g, which precipitated an increase in the entire hypocotyl length. In the apical region, cortical microtubules adjacent to the outer tangential wall were predominantly transverse to the long axis of the cell, whereas longitudinal microtubules were predominant in the basal region. In the 9th to 12th epidermal cells (1 to 3 mm) from the tip, where the modification of microtubule orientation from transverse to longitudinal directions (reorientation) occurred, cells with transverse microtubules increased, whereas those with longitudinal microtubules decreased in microgravity, and the average angle with respect to the transverse cell axis decreased, indicating that the reorientation was suppressed in microgravity. The expression of tubulin genes was suppressed in microgravity. These results suggest that under microgravity conditions, the expression of genes related to microtubule formation was downregulated, which may cause the suppression of microtubule reorientation from transverse to longitudinal directions, thereby stimulating cell elongation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.
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Medina, Francisco-Javier, Aránzazu Manzano, Raúl Herranz et John Z. Kiss. « Red Light Enhances Plant Adaptation to Spaceflight and Mars g-Levels ». Life 12, no 10 (24 septembre 2022) : 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12101484.

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Understanding how plants respond and adapt to extraterrestrial conditions is essential for space exploration initiatives. Deleterious effects of the space environment on plant development have been reported, such as the unbalance of cell growth and proliferation in the root meristem, or gene expression reprogramming. However, plants are capable of surviving and completing the seed-to-seed life cycle under microgravity. A key research challenge is to identify environmental cues, such as light, which could compensate the negative effects of microgravity. Understanding the crosstalk between light and gravity sensing in space was the major objective of the NASA-ESA Seedling Growth series of spaceflight experiments (2013–2018). Different g-levels were used, with special attention to micro-g, Mars-g, and Earth-g. In spaceflight seedlings illuminated for 4 days with a white light photoperiod and then photostimulated with red light for 2 days, transcriptomic studies showed, first, that red light partially reverted the gene reprogramming induced by microgravity, and that the combination of microgravity and photoactivation was not recognized by seedlings as stressful. Two mutant lines of the nucleolar protein nucleolin exhibited differential requirements in response to red light photoactivation. This observation opens the way to directed-mutagenesis strategies in crop design to be used in space colonization. Further transcriptomic studies at different g-levels showed elevated plastid and mitochondrial genome expression in microgravity, associated with disturbed nucleus–organelle communication, and the upregulation of genes encoding auxin and cytokinin hormonal pathways. At the Mars g-level, genes of hormone pathways related to stress response were activated, together with some transcription factors specifically related to acclimation, suggesting that seedlings grown in partial-g are able to acclimate by modulating genome expression in routes related to space-environment-associated stress.
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Xu, Dongqian, Shuangsheng Guo et Min Liu. « Effects of long-term simulated microgravity on tomato seedlings ». Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no 2 (mars 2014) : 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-063.

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Xu, D., Guo, S. and Liu, M. 2014. Effects of long-term simulated microgravity on tomato seedlings. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 273–280. Whether plants can adapt to a long-term microgravity environment is crucial to their reproduction in bioregenerative life-support systems in space. This research investigated the effects of simulated microgravity on Lycopersivon esculentum Mill. (cv. Dwarf Red-bell). Several indicators, namely germination ratio, percentage of cell membrane damage, malondialdehyde content (MDA), superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) content, and mininucleolus, were observed 10, 20, 30, and 40 d after planting (DAP). Simulated microgravity [random positioning machine (RPM) treatment] barely had any effect on germination ratio, but it increased MDA, an index indicating membrane lipid peroxidation. Random positioning machine-treated samples had significantly higher [Formula: see text] content until 16 DAP, but these differences ceased after 21 DAP. Simulated microgravity damaged cell membranes, and the damage severity was positively related to the duration of the simulated microgravity treatment. Mininucleoli were more common in RPM-treated root tips than in the 1×g ones. In conclusion, simulated microgravity seriously disturbed tomato seedling growth by damaging cell membrane integrity, causing the accumulation of hazardous substances, and affecting the cell nucleus structure.
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Baba, Abu Imran, Mohd Yaqub Mir, Riyazuddin Riyazuddin, Ágnes Cséplő, Gábor Rigó et Attila Fehér. « Plants in Microgravity : Molecular and Technological Perspectives ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no 18 (11 septembre 2022) : 10548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810548.

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Plants are vital components of our ecosystem for a balanced life here on Earth, as a source of both food and oxygen for survival. Recent space exploration has extended the field of plant biology, allowing for future studies on life support farming on distant planets. This exploration will utilize life support technologies for long-term human space flights and settlements. Such longer space missions will depend on the supply of clean air, food, and proper waste management. The ubiquitous force of gravity is known to impact plant growth and development. Despite this, we still have limited knowledge about how plants can sense and adapt to microgravity in space. Thus, the ability of plants to survive in microgravity in space settings becomes an intriguing topic to be investigated in detail. The new knowledge could be applied to provide food for astronaut missions to space and could also teach us more about how plants can adapt to unique environments. Here, we briefly review and discuss the current knowledge about plant gravity-sensing mechanisms and the experimental possibilities to research microgravity-effects on plants either on the Earth or in orbit.
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Kawa, Bartosz, Patrycja Śniadek, Rafał Walczak et Jan Dziuban. « Nanosatellite Payload for Research on Seed Germination in a 3D Printed Micropot ». Sensors 23, no 4 (10 février 2023) : 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041974.

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In this paper, an autonomous payload proposal for a nanosatellite mission allowing for the cultivation of grains in space was presented. For the first time, a micropot made with 3D printing technology, enabling the parametric determination of plant growth, both on Earth and in the simulated microgravity condition, was presented. A completed system for dosing the nutrient solution and observing the growth of a single grain, where the whole size did not exceed 70 × 50 × 40 mm3, was shown. The cultivation of Lepidium sativum seeds was carried out in the developed system, in terrestrial conditions and simulated microgravity conditions, using the RPM (Random Position Machine) device. The differences in plant growth depending on the environment were observed. It could be seen that the grains grown in simulated microgravity took longer to reach the full development stage of the plant. At the same time, fewer grains reached this stage and only remained at the earlier stages of growth. The conducted research allowed for the presentation of the payload concept for a 3U CubeSat satellite for research into the development of plants in space.
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Manian, Vidya, Harshini Gangapuram, Jairo Orozco, Heeralal Janwa et Carlos Agrinsoni. « Network Analysis of Local Gene Regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana under Spaceflight Stress ». Computers 10, no 2 (28 janvier 2021) : 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10020018.

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Spaceflight microgravity affects normal plant growth in several ways. The transcriptional dataset of the plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana grown in the international space station is mined using graph-theoretic network analysis approaches to identify significant gene transcriptions in microgravity essential for the plant’s survival and growth in altered environments. The photosynthesis process is critical for the survival of the plants in spaceflight under different environmentally stressful conditions such as lower levels of gravity, lesser oxygen availability, low atmospheric pressure, and the presence of cosmic radiation. Lasso regression method is used for gene regulatory network inferencing from gene expressions of four different ecotypes of Arabidopsis in spaceflight microgravity related to the photosynthetic process. The individual behavior of hub-genes and stress response genes in the photosynthetic process and their impact on the whole network is analyzed. Logistic regression on centrality measures computed from the networks, including average shortest path, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eccentricity, and the HITS algorithm is used to rank genes and identify interactor or target genes from the networks. Through the hub and authority gene interactions, several biological processes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation genes are identified. The altered conditions in spaceflight have made all the ecotypes of Arabidopsis sensitive to dehydration-and-salt stress. The oxidative and heat-shock stress-response genes regulate the photosynthesis genes that are involved in the oxidation-reduction process in spaceflight microgravity, enabling the plant to adapt successfully to the spaceflight environment.
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Kordyum, E. L. « Plant reproduction systems in microgravity : Experimental data and hypotheses ». Advances in Space Research 21, no 8-9 (janvier 1998) : 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00198-1.

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Nedukha, E. M. « Possible mechanisms of plant cell wall changes at microgravity ». Advances in Space Research 17, no 6-7 (janvier 1996) : 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00610-q.

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Kordyum, Elizabeth, David Chapman et Vasyl Brykov. « Plant cell development and aging may accelerate in microgravity ». Acta Astronautica 157 (avril 2019) : 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.12.036.

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19

Solheim, B. G. B., A. Johnsson et T. H. Iversen. « Ultradian rhythms inArabidopsis thalianaleaves in microgravity ». New Phytologist 183, no 4 (septembre 2009) : 1043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02896.x.

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Frolov, Andrej, Anna Didio, Christian Ihling, Veronika Chantzeva, Tatyana Grishina, Wolfgang Hoehenwarter, Andrea Sinz, Galina Smolikova, Tatiana Bilova et Sergei Medvedev. « The effect of simulated microgravity on the Brassica napus seedling proteome ». Functional Plant Biology 45, no 4 (2018) : 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16378.

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The magnitude and the direction of the gravitational field represent an important environmental factor affecting plant development. In this context, the absence or frequent alterations of the gravity field (i.e. microgravity conditions) might compromise extraterrestrial agriculture and hence space inhabitation by humans. To overcome the deleterious effects of microgravity, a complete understanding of the underlying changes on the macromolecular level is necessary. However, although microgravity-related changes in gene expression are well characterised on the transcriptome level, proteomic data are limited. Moreover, information about the microgravity-induced changes in the seedling proteome during seed germination and the first steps of seedling development is completely missing. One of the valuable tools to assess gravity-related issues is 3D clinorotation (i.e. rotation in two axes). Therefore, here we address the effects of microgravity, simulated by a two-axial clinostat, on the proteome of 24- and 48-h-old seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The liquid chromatography-MS-based proteomic analysis and database search revealed 95 up- and 38 downregulated proteins in the tryptic digests obtained from the seedlings subjected to simulated microgravity, with 42 and 52 annotations detected as being unique for 24- and 48-h treatment times, respectively. The polypeptides involved in protein metabolism, transport and signalling were annotated as the functional groups most strongly affected by 3-D clinorotation.
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Sheppard, James, Eric S. Land, Tiffany Aurora Toennisson, Colleen J. Doherty et Imara Y. Perera. « Uncovering Transcriptional Responses to Fractional Gravity in Arabidopsis Roots ». Life 11, no 10 (24 septembre 2021) : 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101010.

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Although many reports characterize the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings to microgravity, few investigate the effect of partial or fractional gravity on gene expression. Understanding plant responses to fractional gravity is relevant for plant growth on lunar and Martian surfaces. The plant signaling flight experiment utilized the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The EMCS consisted of two rotors within a controlled chamber allowing for two experimental conditions, microgravity (stationary rotor) and simulated gravity in space. Seedlings were grown for 5 days under continuous light in seed cassettes. The arrangement of the seed cassettes within each experimental container results in a gradient of fractional g (in the spinning rotor). To investigate whether gene expression patterns are sensitive to fractional g, we carried out transcriptional profiling of root samples exposed to microgravity or partial g (ranging from 0.53 to 0.88 g). Data were analyzed using DESeq2 with fractional g as a continuous variable in the design model in order to query gene expression across the gravity continuum. We identified a subset of genes whose expression correlates with changes in fractional g. Interestingly, the most responsive genes include those encoding transcription factors, defense, and cell wall-related proteins and heat shock proteins.
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Kostov, P., T. Ivanova, I. Dandolov, S. Sapunova et I. Ilieva. « Adaptive environmental control for optimal results during plant microgravity experiments ». Acta Astronautica 51, no 1-9 (juillet 2002) : 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(02)00051-6.

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Jones, Scott B., et Dani Or. « A capillary-driven root module for plant growth in microgravity ». Advances in Space Research 22, no 10 (janvier 1998) : 1407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(98)00215-4.

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Hoson, T., M. Saiki, S. Kamisaka et M. Yamashita. « Automorphogenesis and gravitropism of plant seedlings grown under microgravity conditions ». Advances in Space Research 27, no 5 (2001) : 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00157-0.

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Hampp, Rüdiger, Ellen Hoffmann, Kristina Schönherr, Patrick Johann et Luigi De Filippis. « Fusion and metabolism of plant cells as affected by microgravity ». Planta 203, S1 (août 1997) : S42—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00008114.

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Laurinavicius, R., P. Kenstaviciene, O. Rupainiene et G. Necitailo. « In Vitro plant cell growth in microgravity and on clinostat ». Advances in Space Research 14, no 8 (août 1994) : 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)90389-1.

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Pozhvanov, Gregory, Elena Sharova et Sergei Medvedev. « Microgravity modelling by two-axial clinorotation leads to scattered organisation of cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis seedlings ». Functional Plant Biology 48, no 10 (2021) : 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp20225.

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Proper plant development in a closed ecosystem under weightlessness will be crucial for the success of future space missions. To supplement spaceflight experiments, such conditions of microgravity are modelled on Earth using a two-axial (2A) clinorotation, and in several fundamental studies resulted in the data on proteome and metabolome adjustments, embryo development, cell cycle regulation, etc. Nevertheless, our understanding of the cytoskeleton responses to the microgravity is still limited. In the present work, we study the adjustment of actin microfilaments (MFs) and microtubules (MTs) in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedlings under 2A clinorotation. Modelled microgravity resulted in not only the alteration of seedlings phenotype, but also a transient increase of the hydrogen peroxide level and in the cytoskeleton adjustment. Using GFP-fABD2 and Lifeact-Venus transgenic lines, we demonstrate that MFs became ‘scattered’ in elongating root and hypocotyl cells under 2A clinorotation. In addition, in GFP-MAP4 and GFP-TUA6 lines the tubulin cytoskeleton had higher fractions of transverse MTs under 2A clinorotation. Remarkably, the first static gravistimulation of continuously clinorotated seedlings reverted MF organisation to a longitudinal one in roots within 30 min. Our data suggest that the ‘scattered’ organisation of MFs in microgravity can serve as a good basis for the rapid cytoskeleton conversion to a ‘longitudinal’ structure under the gravity force.
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Oka, Mariko, Motoshi Kamada, Riko Inoue, Kensuke Miyamoto, Eiji Uheda, Chiaki Yamazaki, Toru Shimazu et al. « Altered localisation of ZmPIN1a proteins in plasma membranes responsible for enhanced-polar auxin transport in etiolated maize seedlings under microgravity conditions in space ». Functional Plant Biology 47, no 12 (2020) : 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp20133.

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In the International Space Station experiment ‘Auxin Transport’, polar auxin transport (PAT) in shoots of etiolated maize (Zea mays L. cv. Golden Cross Bantam) grown under microgravity in space was substantially enhanced compared with those grown on Earth. To clarify the mechanism, the effects of microgravity on expression of ZmPIN1a encoding essential auxin efflux carrier and cellular localisation of its products were investigated. The amounts of ZmPIN1a mRNA in the coleoptiles and the mesocotyls in space-grown seedlings were almost the same as those in 1 g-grown seedlings, but its products were not. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-ZmPIN1a antibody revealed a majority of ZmPIN1a localised in the basal side of plasma membranes of endodermal cells in the coleoptiles and the mesocotyls, and in the basal and lateral sides of plasma membranes in coleoptile parenchymatous cells, in which it directed towards the radial direction, but not towards the vascular bundle direction. Microgravity dramatically altered ZmPIN1a localisation in plasma membranes in coleoptile parenchymatous cells, shifting mainly towards the vascular bundle direction. These results suggest that mechanism of microgravity-enhanced PAT in maize shoots is more likely to be due to the enhanced ZmPIN1a accumulation and the altered ZmPIN1a localisation in parenchymatous cells of the coleoptiles.
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Moore, David. « Mushrooms in microgravity — Mycology at the final frontier ». Mycologist 5, no 1 (janvier 1991) : 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80326-1.

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Manian, Vidya, Jairo Orozco, Harshini Gangapuram, Heeralal Janwa et Carlos Agrinsoni. « Network Analysis of Gene Transcriptions of Arabidopsis thaliana in Spaceflight Microgravity ». Genes 12, no 3 (25 février 2021) : 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030337.

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The transcriptomic datasets of the plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana grown in the International Space Station provided by GeneLab have been mined to isolate the impact of spaceflight microgravity on gene expressions related to root growth. A set of computational tools is used to identify the hub genes that respond differently in spaceflight with controlled lighting compared to on the ground. These computational tools based on graph-theoretic approaches are used to infer gene regulatory networks from the transcriptomic datasets. The three main algorithms used for network analyses are Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Pearson correlation, and the Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) algorithm. Graph-based spectral analyses reveal distinct properties of the spaceflight microgravity networks for the Wassilewskija (WS), Columbia (Col)-0, and mutant phytochromeD (phyD) ecotypes. The set of hub genes that are significantly altered in spaceflight microgravity are mainly involved in cell wall synthesis, protein transport, response to auxin, stress responses, and catabolic processes. Network analysis highlights five important root growth-regulating hub genes that have the highest outdegree distribution in spaceflight microgravity networks. These concerned genes coding for proteins are identified from the Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) corresponding to spaceflight total light environment. Furthermore, network analysis uncovers genes that encode nucleotide-diphospho-sugar interconversion enzymes that have higher transcriptional regulation in spaceflight microgravity and are involved in cell wall biosynthesis.
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Zaimenko, N. V., B. O. Ivanytska, N. V. Rositska, N. P. Didyk, D. Liu, M. Pyzyk et J. Slaski. « Physiological responses of orchids to prolonged clinorotation ». Biosystems Diversity 29, no 4 (27 octobre 2021) : 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012146.

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Creation of plant-based bioregenerative life support systems is crucial for future long-duration space exploring missions. Microgravity is one of the major stresses affecting plant growth and development under space flight conditions. Search for higher plant genotypes resilient to microgravity as well as revealing of biological features which could be used as markers of such resilience is rather urgently needed. The objective of this study was to analyze physiological and biochemical responses of three orchid species representing different life forms (terrestrial and epiphytic), growth types (monopodial and sympodial) and pathways of CO2 fixation to long-term (24 months) clinorotation which modeled the combined effect of two stress factors: hermetic conditions and microgravity. Three years old meristematic orchids Cypripedium flavum, Angraecum eburneum, Epidendrum radicans, representing different life forms, types of branching shoot system and pathways of CO2 fixation, were used as test-plants. The microgravity was simulated using three-dimensional (3-D) clinostat equipped with two rotation axes placed at right angles (rotation frequency was 3 rpm) in controlled conditions of air temperature, illumination, air humidity and substrate moisture. The control plants were grown in the similar plastic vessels but not hermetically sealed and without clinorotating in the same environmental conditions. The vital state of the test plants was assessed using characteristics of mineral nutrition, content of photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids, soluble proteins, DNA and RNA, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of this study confirmed that orchids grown under simulated microgravity and kept in hermetically-sealed vessels were subjected to oxidative stress, which could be responsible for the observed inhibition of basic physiological processes such as mineral nutrition, metabolism of aminoacids, protein biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Monopodial orchids C. flavum and A. eburneum demonstrated better adaptation to prolonged clinorotation as compared to sympodial E. radicans. In particular, the latter demonstrated some stimulation of mineral nutrition processes (i.e. K, N, Fe, Mn, Zn accumulation), content of photosynthetic pigments, proline and superoxide dismutase activity. Long-lasting clinorotation induced adaptive changes of antioxidant systems in the studied orchids (e.i. increase in carotenoids and proline content and stimulation of superoxide dismutase activity), which helped to maintain the main physiological functions at stable level in the above-mentioned stressful conditions. The following biochemical characteristics in the studied orchids could be considered as markers of resilience to simulated microgravity and hermetic conditions: 1) an increase in the accumulation of non-enzymatic (proline, carotenoids) and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase); 2) ability to maintain stable balance of mineral nutrients; 3) increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments; 4) increase in the content of proteinogenic amino acids and soluble proteins; 5) increase in the DNA content or RNA/DNA ratio. Our studies have also demonstrated a correlation between orchid ecomorphological characteristics such as type of branching with their adaptive responses to prolonged clinorotation. We observed no correlation between the studied life form of orchids, ecotype or the pathway of CO2 fixation and their resilience to prolonged clinorotation. This research can be a starting point for studying the relationships between ecomorphological features of various orchids and their resilience to microgravity conditions in the search for biological markers of microgravity tolerance in species of higher plants.
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Zaimenko, N. V., B. O. Ivanytska, N. V. Rositska, N. P. Didyk, D. Liu, M. Pyzyk et J. Slaski. « Physiological responses of orchids to prolonged clinorotation ». Biosystems Diversity 29, no 4 (27 octobre 2021) : 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/012146.

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Creation of plant-based bioregenerative life support systems is crucial for future long-duration space exploring missions. Microgravity is one of the major stresses affecting plant growth and development under space flight conditions. Search for higher plant genotypes resilient to microgravity as well as revealing of biological features which could be used as markers of such resilience is rather urgently needed. The objective of this study was to analyze physiological and biochemical responses of three orchid species representing different life forms (terrestrial and epiphytic), growth types (monopodial and sympodial) and pathways of CO2 fixation to long-term (24 months) clinorotation which modeled the combined effect of two stress factors: hermetic conditions and microgravity. Three years old meristematic orchids Cypripedium flavum, Angraecum eburneum, Epidendrum radicans, representing different life forms, types of branching shoot system and pathways of CO2 fixation, were used as test-plants. The microgravity was simulated using three-dimensional (3-D) clinostat equipped with two rotation axes placed at right angles (rotation frequency was 3 rpm) in controlled conditions of air temperature, illumination, air humidity and substrate moisture. The control plants were grown in the similar plastic vessels but not hermetically sealed and without clinorotating in the same environmental conditions. The vital state of the test plants was assessed using characteristics of mineral nutrition, content of photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids, soluble proteins, DNA and RNA, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of this study confirmed that orchids grown under simulated microgravity and kept in hermetically-sealed vessels were subjected to oxidative stress, which could be responsible for the observed inhibition of basic physiological processes such as mineral nutrition, metabolism of aminoacids, protein biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Monopodial orchids C. flavum and A. eburneum demonstrated better adaptation to prolonged clinorotation as compared to sympodial E. radicans. In particular, the latter demonstrated some stimulation of mineral nutrition processes (i.e. K, N, Fe, Mn, Zn accumulation), content of photosynthetic pigments, proline and superoxide dismutase activity. Long-lasting clinorotation induced adaptive changes of antioxidant systems in the studied orchids (e.i. increase in carotenoids and proline content and stimulation of superoxide dismutase activity), which helped to maintain the main physiological functions at stable level in the above-mentioned stressful conditions. The following biochemical characteristics in the studied orchids could be considered as markers of resilience to simulated microgravity and hermetic conditions: 1) an increase in the accumulation of non-enzymatic (proline, carotenoids) and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase); 2) ability to maintain stable balance of mineral nutrients; 3) increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments; 4) increase in the content of proteinogenic amino acids and soluble proteins; 5) increase in the DNA content or RNA/DNA ratio. Our studies have also demonstrated a correlation between orchid ecomorphological characteristics such as type of branching with their adaptive responses to prolonged clinorotation. We observed no correlation between the studied life form of orchids, ecotype or the pathway of CO2 fixation and their resilience to prolonged clinorotation. This research can be a starting point for studying the relationships between ecomorphological features of various orchids and their resilience to microgravity conditions in the search for biological markers of microgravity tolerance in species of higher plants.
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Grodzinsky, D. M. « Proposals for the ISS : «Meristem» Experiment. Influence of microgravity on kinetics and nutrition of plant meristem ». Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 6, no 4 (30 juillet 2000) : 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2000.04.971.

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Villacampa, Alicia, Malgorzata Ciska, Aránzazu Manzano, Joshua P. Vandenbrink, John Z. Kiss, Raúl Herranz et F. Javier Medina. « From Spaceflight to Mars g-Levels : Adaptive Response of A. Thaliana Seedlings in a Reduced Gravity Environment Is Enhanced by Red-Light Photostimulation ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no 2 (18 janvier 2021) : 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020899.

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The response of plants to the spaceflight environment and microgravity is still not well understood, although research has increased in this area. Even less is known about plants’ response to partial or reduced gravity levels. In the absence of the directional cues provided by the gravity vector, the plant is especially perceptive to other cues such as light. Here, we investigate the response of Arabidopsis thaliana 6-day-old seedlings to microgravity and the Mars partial gravity level during spaceflight, as well as the effects of red-light photostimulation by determining meristematic cell growth and proliferation. These experiments involve microscopic techniques together with transcriptomic studies. We demonstrate that microgravity and partial gravity trigger differential responses. The microgravity environment activates hormonal routes responsible for proliferation/growth and upregulates plastid/mitochondrial-encoded transcripts, even in the dark. In contrast, the Mars gravity level inhibits these routes and activates responses to stress factors to restore cell growth parameters only when red photostimulation is provided. This response is accompanied by upregulation of numerous transcription factors such as the environmental acclimation-related WRKY-domain family. In the long term, these discoveries can be applied in the design of bioregenerative life support systems and space farming.
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Pandolfi, Camilla, Elisa Masi, Boris Voigt, Sergio Mugnai, Dieter Volkmann et Stefano Mancuso. « Gravity Affects the Closure of the Traps inDionaea muscipula ». BioMed Research International 2014 (2014) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/964203.

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Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipulaEllis) is a carnivorous plant known for its ability to capture insects thanks to the fast snapping of its traps. This fast movement has been long studied and it is triggered by the mechanical stimulation of hairs, located in the middle of the leaves. Here we present detailed experiments on the effect of microgravity on trap closure recorded for the first time during a parabolic flight campaign. Our results suggest that gravity has an impact on trap responsiveness and on the kinetics of trap closure. The possible role of the alterations of membrane permeability induced by microgravity on trap movement is discussed. Finally we show how the Venus flytrap could be an easy and effective model plant to perform studies on ion channels and aquaporin activities, as well as on electrical activityin vivoon board of parabolic flights and large diameter centrifuges.
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Nhựt, Dương Tấn, Nguyễn Xuân Tuấn, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Anh, Nguyễn Bá Nam, Nguyễn Phúc Huy, Hoàng Thanh Tùng, Vũ Thị Hiền, Vũ Quốc Luận, Bùi Thế Vinh et Trần Công Luận. « Effects of simulated microgravity on seed germination, growth, development and accumulated secondary compounds of Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz. cultured in vitro ». Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no 1 (20 avril 2018) : 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/1/12322.

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In the present study, Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz. seeds were used as the plant materials for studying on the effects of simulated microgravity (on a 2D clinostat) on seed germination, shoot multiplication, growth, development and secondary metabolite accumulation. After surface sterilization, seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemeted with 30 g/l sucrose and 9 g/l agar in Petri dishes (9 seeds per dish, the seed to seed distance of 1.5 cm and kept in the same direction), and maintained in a Clinostat (2 rpm). The results showed that simulated microgravity inhibited the growth and development of Hibiscus sagittifolius roots with root length of 11.83 cm, fresh and dry weight of 58.28 and 5.23 mg, respectively but it made an increase in germination rate (87%) and accumulation of secondary metabolites (the total saponins content of 53.00 mg/g and the total coumarin content of 25.67 mg/g) after 3 weeks of culture. In addition, the simulated microgravity also resulted in positive shoot multiplication (shoot height of 3.07 cm, 6.33 nodes per shoot, 3.33 shoots per explant, and the fresh and dry weight of 401.33 and 37.00 mg, respectively), and growth and development of Hibiscus sagittifolius shoots (plant height of 12.17 cm with 5.67 leaves per shoot together with the average root length of 1.77 cm, and the fresh and dry weight of 419.00 and 36.00 mg) after 4 weeks of culture. The results from this study could be attributed to future perspectives in research on plant breeding and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants.
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Braun, Markus, Brigitte Buchen et Andreas Sievers. « Actomyosin-Mediated Statolith Positioning in Gravisensing Plant Cells Studied in Microgravity ». Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 21, no 2 (1 juin 2002) : 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003440010052.

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Kordyum, E. L. « Plant cell in the process of the adaptation to simulated microgravity ». Advances in Space Research 9, no 11 (janvier 1989) : 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(89)90050-1.

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Sytnik, K. M., O. T. Demkiv, E. L. Kordyum, E. M. Nedukha et L. A. Danevich. « Calcium gradient in plant cells with polarized growth in simulated microgravity ». Advances in Space Research 9, no 11 (1989) : 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(89)90052-5.

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Zulkifli, Nur Athirah, Teoh Chin Chuang, Ong Keat Khim, Ummul Fahri Abdul Rauf, Norliza Abu Bakar et Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus. « Effects of simulated microgravity on rice (MR219) growth and yield ». Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no 2 (3 juin 2018) : 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.863.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food in many Asian countries with an ever increasing demand. However, the production of high quality rice seeds is insufficient to meet this demand. Research on plant growth in space related to the exposure of a microgravity environment are rare, costly and time-limited. Similar experiments can be conducted on the ground to simulate the microgravity condition using a 2-D clinostat which compensates for the unilateral influence of gravity. This study was conducted to establish a simple and cost effective technique to enhance the quality of the Malaysian rice seed variety MR 219 by using a 2-D clinostat and to determine the effects of simulated microgravity on the growth and yield of the rice seeds. The experiments were performed at different rotation speeds (2 rpm and 10 rpm) for 10 days at room temperature. The rice growth and yield parameters were measured every 2 weeks and at harvest time (day 110), respectively. The data were analysed using the MINITAB statistical software package. The mean value estimates of the parameters obtained under different conditions were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey test for multiple comparisons using a 0.05 significance level. Significant differences in the number of tiller, stem width , chlorophyll content , weight of grains and panicles and total grain weight per plant were identified at rotation speed 10 rpm when compared to rotation speed 2 rpm and control. The highest means were mainly obtained under 10 rpm clinorotated rice seeds. In general, plants grown from 10 rpm clinorotated seeds are also more resistant to rice diseases (rice blast disease, rice tungro disease and hopper burn). These results suggest that simulated microgravity using a 2-D clinostat affected several rice (MR219) growth and yield parameters significantly.
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Švegždienė, Danguolė, Danguolė Raklevičienė et Dalia Koryznienė. « Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite “Bion-10” flight ». Botanica Lithuanica 19, no 2 (1 décembre 2013) : 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2013-0016.

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Abstract Švegždienė D., Raklevičienė D., Koryzienė D., 2013: Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite “Bion-10” flight [Kosminė botanika Lietuvoje. I. Gravitaciją juntančių šaknų ląstelių formavimasis palydovo „Bion-10“ skrydžio metu]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 129-138. The paper deals with the results of space experiment, which was carried out on an original automatically operating centrifuge „Neris-5“ on board of the satellite „Bion-10“ in 1993. The peculiarities of gravisensing system formation in roots of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings grown in microgravity under simulated and natural gravity of 1g in space and on the ground, respectively, are presented. Quantitative study on the growth of root columella cells (statocytes), the state of their intracellular components, and the location of amyloplasts was performed by light and electron microscopy. The growth of statocytes in microgravity and under 1g in space did not differ significantly though the location of amyloplasts experienced significant changes: it depended on the gravity and cell position in columella. Instead of the concentration of amyloplasts at the distal cell region of roots grown under 1g, most plastids in microgravity-grown roots were accumulated at the centre of statocytes. The obtained data on the formation and state of intercellular plastids confirm the supposition that the environment of microgravity alters the metabolism of plant cells; however, its alterations are not fateful for the formation of gravisensing cells and for the growth of the whole root.
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Takahashi, Hideyuki, Christopher S. Brown, Thomas W. Dreschel et Tom K. Scott. « Hydrotropism in Pea Roots in a Porous-tube Water Delivery System ». HortScience 27, no 5 (mai 1992) : 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.5.430.

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Orientation of root growth on earth and under microgravity conditions can possibly be controlled by hydrotropism-growth toward a moisture source in the absence of or reduced gravitropism. A porous-tube water delivery system being used for plant growth studies is appropriate for testing this hypothesis since roots can be grown aeroponically in this system. When the roots of the agravitropic mutant pea ageotropum (Pisum sativum L.) were placed vertically in air of 91% relative humidity and 2 to 3 mm from the water-saturated porous tube placed horizontally, the roots responded hydrotropically and grew in a continuous arch along the circular surface of the tube. By contrast, normal gravitropic roots of `Alaska' pea initially showed a slight transient curvature toward the tube and then resumed vertical downward growth due to gravitropism. Thus, in microgravity, normal gravitropic roots could respond to a moisture gradient as strongly as the agravitropic roots used in this study. Hydrotropism should be considered a significant factor responsible for orientation of root growth in microgravity.
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Hoson, Takayuki. « Automorphogenesis of maize roots under simulated microgravity conditions ». Plant and Soil 165, no 2 (juin 1994) : 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00008074.

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Driss-Ecole, Dominique, Bernard Jeune, Monique Prouteau, Philippe Julianus et Gérald Perbal. « Lentil root statoliths reach a stable state in microgravity ». Planta 211, no 3 (10 août 2000) : 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000298.

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Su, Shih-Heng, Howard G. Levine et Patrick H. Masson. « Brachypodium distachyon Seedlings Display Accession-Specific Morphological and Transcriptomic Responses to the Microgravity Environment of the International Space Station ». Life 13, no 3 (23 février 2023) : 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030626.

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Plants have been recognized as key components of bioregenerative life support systems for space exploration, and many experiments have been carried out to evaluate their adaptability to spaceflight. Unfortunately, few of these experiments have involved monocot plants, which constitute most of the crops used on Earth as sources of food, feed, and fiber. To better understand the ability of monocot plants to adapt to spaceflight, we germinated and grew Brachypodium distachyon seedlings of the Bd21, Bd21-3, and Gaz8 accessions in a customized growth unit on the International Space Station, along with 1-g ground controls. At the end of a 4-day growth period, seedling organ’s growth and morphologies were quantified, and root and shoot transcriptomic profiles were investigated using RNA-seq. The roots of all three accessions grew more slowly and displayed longer root hairs under microgravity conditions relative to ground control. On the other hand, the shoots of Bd21-3 and Gaz-8 grew at similar rates between conditions, whereas those of Bd21 grew more slowly under microgravity. The three Brachypodium accessions displayed dramatically different transcriptomic responses to microgravity relative to ground controls, with the largest numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found in Gaz8 (4527), followed by Bd21 (1353) and Bd21-3 (570). Only 47 and six DEGs were shared between accessions for shoots and roots, respectively, including DEGs encoding wall-associated proteins and photosynthesis-related DEGs. Furthermore, DEGs associated with the “Oxidative Stress Response” GO group were up-regulated in the shoots and down-regulated in the roots of Bd21 and Gaz8, indicating that Brachypodium roots and shoots deploy distinct biological strategies to adapt to the microgravity environment. A comparative analysis of the Brachypodium oxidative-stress response DEGs with the Arabidopsis ROS wheel suggests a connection between retrograde signaling, light response, and decreased expression of photosynthesis-related genes in microgravity-exposed shoots. In Gaz8, DEGs were also found to preferentially associate with the “Plant Hormonal Signaling” and “MAP Kinase Signaling” KEGG pathways. Overall, these data indicate that Brachypodium distachyon seedlings exposed to the microgravity environment of ISS display accession- and organ-specific responses that involve oxidative stress response, wall remodeling, photosynthesis inhibition, expression regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and post-translational modifications. The general characteristics of these responses are similar to those displayed by microgravity-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. However, organ- and accession-specific components of the response dramatically differ both within and between species. These results suggest a need to directly evaluate candidate-crop responses to microgravity to better understand their specific adaptability to this novel environment and develop cultivation strategies allowing them to strive during spaceflight.
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Qiu, Dan, Yongfei Jian, Yuanxun Zhang et Gengxin Xie. « Plant Gravitropism and Signal Conversion under a Stress Environment of Altered Gravity ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no 21 (29 octobre 2021) : 11723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111723.

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Humans have been committed to space exploration and to find the next planet suitable for human survival. The construction of an ecosystem that adapts to the long-term survival of human beings in space stations or other planets would be the first step. The space plant cultivation system is the key component of an ecosystem, which will produce food, fiber, edible oil and oxygen for future space inhabitants. Many plant experiments have been carried out under a stimulated or real environment of altered gravity, including at microgravity (0 g), Moon gravity (0.17 g) and Mars gravity (0.38 g). How plants sense gravity and change under stress environment of altered gravity were summarized in this review. However, many challenges remain regarding human missions to the Moon or Mars. Our group conducted the first plant experiment under real Moon gravity (0.17 g) in 2019. One of the cotton seeds successfully germinated and produced a green seedling, which represents the first green leaf produced by mankind on the Moon.
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Kordyum, E. L., et V. O. Brykov. « Statoliths displacement in root statocytes in real and simulated microgravity ». Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no 2 (17 mai 2021) : 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.02.078.

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Despite the long-term employment of different types of clinostats in space and gravitational biology, the discussions about their reliability to mimic microgravity in space flight are still ongoing. In this paper, we present some data about the behaviour of amyloplasts-statoliths in root cap statocytes of higher plant seedlings growing during 3–5 days under slow and fast 2-D clinorotation and real microgravity in orbital flight. In addition, data on the displacement of amyloplasts in the statocytes of seedlings subjected to vibration and acceleration in the launch mode of a spacecraft are also given. A comparative analysis showed sharp differences in statolith responses to slow and fast clinorotation with a speed of 50 rpm. In the first case, the behaviour of amyloplasts was more or less similar to that in space flight, they did not touch the plasmalemma. In the second case, the contacts of statoliths with the plasmalemma or its invaginations (plasmalomasomes), like those under the action of vibration and acceleration, were clearly observed. Thus, slow 2-D clinostat is more suitable to study gravity sensing by root cap amyloplasts-statoliths and their responses to microgravity in the ground-based experiments.
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Hoson, T., S. Kamisaka, B. Buchen, A. Sievers, M. Yamashita et Y. Masuda. « Automorphogenesis of Plant Seedlings under Simulated Microgravity on a 3-D Clinostat ». Biological Sciences in Space 7, no 2 (1993) : 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2187/bss.7.107.

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Ishii, Yoshiko, Takayuki Hoson, Seiichiro Kamisaka, Kensuke Miyamoto, Junichi Ueda, Shiro Mantani, Shuhei Fujii, Yoshio Masuda et Ryoichi Yamamoto. « Plant growth processes in Arabidopsis under microgravity conditions simulated by a clinostat. » Biological Sciences in Space 10, no 1 (1996) : 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2187/bss.10.3.

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Matía, Isabel, Fernando González-Camacho, Raúl Herranz, John Z. Kiss, Gilbert Gasset, Jack J. W. A. van Loon, Roberto Marco et Francisco Javier Medina. « Plant cell proliferation and growth are altered by microgravity conditions in spaceflight ». Journal of Plant Physiology 167, no 3 (février 2010) : 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2009.08.012.

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