Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Pinus nigra Arn »

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical diversity of Pinus nigra Arn. essential oils. The research was carried out on the needles collected from eighteen provenances of black pine grown in common garden located in West-Northern Tunisia and belonging to four different subspecies (Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii, Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, and Pinus nigra subsp. laricio). Essential oil yields ranged from 0.19% to 0.68%. The obtained essential oils have been analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS apparatus. Twenty-three constituents accounting about 98% of total essential oil composition were identified. The essential oil compositions appeared to be very different according to their origin. Thus, five main essential oil chemotypes were identified in Pinus nigra plants: caryophyllene oxide, camphene, ß-caryophyllene, α-amorphene, and germacrene D. The chemotaxonomic value of the essential oil compositions was discussed in relation to the results of the multivariate statistical test, including a detailed survey of the available literature data.

Досліджено таксономічний склад та проведено географічний аналіз P. nigra у вуличних насадженнях Умані. На підставі відповідності віковим параметрам діаметра та висоти її окремих екземплярів, відзначено високу стійкість рослин до складних умов урбанізованого середовища та встановлено перспективність використання виду, за дії на нього чисельних антропогенних факторів. Результати показують, що всі досліджувані рослини P. nigra мають високі показники життєздатності та належать до першої групи перспективності. Значення акліматизаційних чисел свідчать про перспективність інтродукції P. nigra та успішність акліматизації в умовах урбанізованого середовища. Оцінивши декоративні якості P. nigra, виявлено, що в основному вона виділяється на фоні інших видів своєю компактною овальною чи конусоподібною кроною, темно-сірою з різними відтінками тріщинуватою корою та довгою темно-зеленою хвоєю. Саме завдяки цим якостям вона зберігає привабливий вигляд протягом усього року, навіть у зимовий період. На підставі отриманих результатів, сумарний річний показник декоративності основних ознак P. nigra становить 4 бали і свідчить про наявність високих декоративних якостей рослин цього виду. Отже, використання P. nigra в урбанізованому середовищі покращує екологічні умови міста та позитивно впливає на емоційний стан населення.

UDK 630*232:582.475 U istraživanju je korišteno sjeme crnog bora podrijetlom iz klonske sjemenske plantaže “Prkos” (nije priznata), Uprave šuma Podružnica Gospić, Šumarija Gospić (urod 2001), dorađeno tijekom zime 2001/2002 u trušnici u Šumarskom institutu Jastrebarsko. Prilikom sjetve u sjemeništu rasadnika, bitna je količina sadnica po jedinici površine (ovisno o vremenu zadržavanja u sjemeništu 1, 2, ili 3 godine), što ovisi o kakvoći sjemena (punoća, čistoća, klijavost i dr.), te o količini posijanog sjemena (kom / m2 ili g / m2) koja je određena formulom na osnovi koje dobivamo potrebnu količinu sjemena za željeni broj biljaka. Za gustoću sjetve, u dosadašnjoj praksi uglavnom su se koristile neke iskustvene norme i načini izračunavanja broja odnosno količine sjemena po m2. U našim istraživanjima razvidno je kako smo dorađenim sjemenom (do 98% punoće) i manjim brojem sjemenki dobili veći broj biljaka u odnosu na broj istih dobivenih iz manje kvalitetno dorađenog sjemena. Isto tako, razvidno je kako pri sjetvi na osnovu formule “1” (X = broj sjemenki / m2) dobivamo od 40% do 45% željenog broja biljaka, dok sijanjem količine sjemena po formuli “2” (N = količina sjemena u g / m2), dobivamo 3,5 puta više biljaka crnog bora od željenog broja (željeni br. “V”). Određenim izmjenama postojećih formula za izračunavanje potrebne količine sjemena za željeni broj biljaka, postigli bismo veću točnost, što je i potvrđeno u ovim istraživanjima sa sjemenom crnog bora. Ista istraživanja (sa sjemenom – jele i bukve), provodimo u drugim rasadnicima, gdje preliminarni rezultati ukazuju na sličnost s prikazanima u ovome radu, čime bismo potvrdili navedeno.

During a study on the live crown characteristics of Pinus laricio (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio (Poir.) Maire), the observation of branch cross-sections allowed us to work on the problem of the discontinuance of cambial activity. This work points out the existence of missing rings with a histologic point of view and establishes the generality of the phenomenon for this species. In addition to the observations at the base of living branches, the cross-sections in all the successive growth units of the branch were observed to establish the distribution of the annual wood layers along the branch and to ascertain the dissymmetry between the upper side and the lower side of the branch. The occurrence of this phenomenon in the upper part of the crown raises the problem of the contribution of these branches to tree development and its implication in forest management.Key words: growth rings, Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio (Poir.) Maire, missing rings, anatomy, branch growth, crown.

Ovaj rad se bavi odabirom i uspostavljanjem privremenih oglednih ploha u jednodobnim sastojinama smrče (Picea abies Karst.), bijelog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) i crnog bora (Pinus nigra Arn.) u Bosni i Hercegovini za prikupljanje podataka potrebnih za gazdovanje šumama. Podaci koje treba prikupiti na plohama su navedeni i detaljno je opisan način njihovog uzimanja-mjerenja.

The present paper aims to investigate the chemical composition of unripe black pine seeds obtained from Bulgaria. The lipid fraction was evaluated in unripe seeds, and the cellulose, total carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were evaluated in seedcakes. The major fatty acid identified in the Pinus nigra seed oil was unsaturated linoleic acid (44.2%), followed by the saturated palmitic acid (31.2%). The amount of unsaturated pinolenic (10.5%) and oleic acids (8.8%) was also rather high. The amino acid composition of the protein fraction of seedcakes was also determined. The amino acid composition was represented mainly by asparagine (3.92 mg/g), serine (3.79 mg/g), alanine (3.65 mg/g), arginine (3.32 mg/g), phenylalanine (2.98 mg/g), lysine (2.85 mg/g), proline (2.69 g/mg), tryptophan (2.44 mg/g), valine (2.33 mg/g), isoleucine (2.28 mg/g), and tyrosine (2.05 mg/g). The mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Na, and Cu) of the seedcakes was evaluated, as the amount of K (8048.00 mg/kg) and Mg (172.99 mg/kg) were the highest in the samples. These findings emphasized the potential use of the unripe black pine seeds in different areas due to their chemical importance and values.

The experimental studies were conducted from 2015–2017 years in two cycles. The aim of the research was to determine a better grafting time and a choice of an appropriate rootstock for the propagation of two cultivars of mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra). The influence of the grafted cultivar and rootstock used on the level of chloroplast pigments in the needles was also checked. The studies concerned two cultivars of mountain pine (Pinus mugo) ‘Grześ’ and ‘Zundert’, which were grafted on four different rootstocks: Pinus contorta (Dougl. ex Loud.), Pinus nigra (Arn.), Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata (Ramond Domin) in two dates: 20 January and 15 March. The highest percentage of graft success was obtained for the two cultivars on Pinus uncinata and Pinus contorta rootstocks. A later term of grafting procedure affected bigger effectiveness of grafting of the two studied cultivars, except for the graft success on Pinus sylvestris rootstock. The highest increments of side shoots and lengths of main stems for ‘Grześ’ cultivar were obtained on Pinus nigra, and for ‘Zundert’ the influence of the rootstock on the above mentioned parameters was not evident. No significant differences in the number of increments in the first and second year of studies were observed. The highest level of chlorophyll A and B was found in the needles of ‘Grześ’ cultivar, independently from the rootstock used. Among tested rootstocks, only Pinus nigra had a significant impact on a higher content of chlorophyll B in the needles of the studied cultivars of mountain pine trees.

AbstractGlucanase and chitinase enzymes play an important role in different plant processes including defense against pathogens and morphogenesis. Moreover, their role in the processes of somatic embryogenesis has been demonstrated. It has been suggested, that the presence of this type of proteins might be a marker for embryogenic potential of callus cultures. In this work we screened for the presence of glucanases and chitinases in liquid growth media of a set of conifer embryogenic cell lines in order to find correlation with their embryogenic potential. We have found that none of the 12 chitinase isoforms detected in culture media of Pinus nigra Arn. or the nine chitinases detected in media with Abies alba × A. cephalonica and Abies alba × A. numidica embryogenic tissues could be linked to their embryogenic capacity. Similarly, none of the six glucanase isoforms detected in the extracellular fluid of Pinus nigra Arn. cultures can be assigned as a marker of embryogenic potential. Thus, our data indicate the large variability and doubtless importance of glucanases and chitinases for cell growth and development of somatic embryos, however, do not support the premise that they are markers of embryogenesis.

This paper presents the results of studies on protein polymorphism in seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) as the most important economic species of the genus Pinus in Serbia. Polymorphism of protein markers was determined in selected genotypes originating from seven populations (Scots pine) and six populations (Austrian pine). Analysis of protein markers was performed using two statistical methods, NTSYS and correspondence analysis. Both methods give the same arrangement of the analyzed populations, whereby, because of a different view of genetic distances, they can and should be combined, enabling easier and more precise understanding of mutual relationships of the observation units.

Pinus nigra arn. Est une espece collective presentant une distribution vaste et morcelee. Les diverses sous-especes sont interfertiles. Les evenements geologiques, climatiques et l'impact humain ont conduit les differents peuplements vers des derives genetiques. La systematique de cette espece a plusieurs fois ete mise en question. Dans cette etude nous testons cette systematique a l'aide des analyses terpeniques peu employe sur des pins noirs provenant de l'aire naturelle. Les analyses terpeniques ont prouvees l'existence d'unites infra-specifiques coincidant avec la repartition geographique. Les resultats corroborent la position taxinomique adoptee par plusieurs botanistes qui considerent pinus nigra comme espece et ses unites taxinomiques inferieures comme sous-especes. La subsp. Salzmanii est representee par les populations des cevennes et des pyrenees. La teneur elevee en caryophyllene et en limonene permet de la distinguer des 3 autres sous-especes. La subsp. Laricio est composee de 3 groupes bien distincts: corse, calabre et sicile. L'isolement du pin noir de corse est confirme par la plus forte teneur en b-phellandrene et t-ocimene et forte teneur en limonene. La subsp. Nigra, qui regroupe les populations de slovenie, italie du nord et autriche, et la subsp. Pallasiana, qui represente les populations de grece semble assez proche l'une de l'autre. La teneur elevee en germacrene-d et la faible teneur en myrcene rapproche ces deux sous-especes. Cependant les teneurs en -pinene, terpinolene et -humulene les distinguent

La croissance et la production des arbres forestiers sont principalement limitées par la disponibilité en eau dans les milieux à fortes contraintes environnementales. Cette étude a été conduite pour déterminer comment intégrer les données environnementales de la croissance des peuplements dans la réalisation et la modélisation des itinéraires techniques. La croissance en hauteur du pin maritime (pinus pinaster ait. ) Et du pin noir d'Autriche (pinus nigra arn. ) Ainsi que la croissance en diamètre du pin maritime sont expliquées, en conditions naturelles, par les facteurs environnementaux (climat et sylviculture) et la génétique, dans trois milieux contraignants. Dans les alpes sèches, l'expression des deux composantes de la croissance en hauteur du pin noir (initiation et élongation des entre-nœuds) est sous la dépendance de la pluviométrie, pour la première et des températures pour la seconde. Dans les landes de Gascogne, la variabilité génétique de la croissance aérienne des provenances de pin maritime est expliquée par leur comportement ecophysiologique. Dans les dunes littorales d'entre Loire et gironde, la croissance en diamètre du pin maritime est dépendante de la pluviométrie et a un degré moindre des températures. Les relations entre croissance radiales et paramètres climatiques permettent d'expliquer les causes du dépérissement observé. Nos résultats trouvent des applications sylvicoles à chaque étape de la vie d'un peuplement depuis son installation jusqu'a son renouvellement. L'intégration, dans les pratiques sylvicoles, de données environnementales expliquant la croissance des peuplements, est une des conditions de l'optimisation des fonctions de production et écologique que les gestionnaires assignent aux peuplements de milieux où la contrainte hydrique est forte.

Le pin noir (Pinus Nigra Arn.) est un arbre forestier de première importance pour la foresterie européenne. Son aire de répartition péri-méditerranéenne est vaste et morcelée et ses exigences écologiques sont de grande amplitude. La taxonomie de cette espèce collective caractérisée par plusieurs sous-espèces, son histoire évolutive et sa diversité adaptative ont été explorées selon quatre approches : phylogénétique, génétique des populations, génétique quantitative et modélisation sous changement climatique. Nous avons exploré la diversité génétique de 19 populations de pin noir couvrant l’aire de répartition géographique de l’espèce et nous avons revu les relations phylogénétiques qui les caractérisent. La variabilité génétique du pin noir a été étudiée pour fournir de nouveaux aperçus sur la différenciation entre ses populations, pour fournir des hypothèses sur leur origine géographique et pour clarifier la taxonomie de l’espèce. La différenciation génétique du pin noir a été investiguée aussi par un trait lié à la fitness, la croissance radiale, pour comprendre si la variabilité entre provenances/sous-espèces était principalement due à la plasticité phénotypique ou à la diversité génétique. La réponse du pin noir au climat a ensuite été investiguée par une approche de dendrochronologie conduite à trois niveaux : individu, provenance et sous-espèce. Les différences de croissance radiale entre provenances ont été aussi utilisées pour comprendre comment le pin noir pourrait s’adapter au climat futur par une approche de modélisation de niche
The European black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree, discontinuously and often patchily distributed across different ecological environments and climatic conditions in Europe and around the Mediterranean Basin. The taxonomy of this collective species, where many subspecies have been described, its evolutionary history and its adaptive diversity were investigated following four different approaches: phylogenetic, population genetics, quantitative genetics and modeling under climate change. We firstly explored the genetic diversity of 19 natural populations of P. nigra covering the maximum geographic extent of the species and reviewed the phylogenetic relationships characterizing them. The genetic variability of the European black pine was investigated with the particular aim of providing new insights on population differentiation and on their geographic origin and for clarifying the taxonomy of the species. P. nigra differentiation was also investigated for a fitness related trait, radial growth, with the aim of understanding whether phenotypic plasticity or genetic diversity was mainly responsible for the patterns observed. Dendrochronology was then used to examine the reaction of P. nigra to climate variation. Using niche modeling tools, differences in radial growth between provenances were also used to understand how P. nigra might adapt to future climates

Les aiguilles des coniferes renferment divers flavonoides. Chez le pin a crochets, la distribution de la quercetine se conforme a la loi de hardy-weinberg, mais la proportion des deux alleles implicites temoigne de l'originalite de chacune des populations, et conduit a admettre l'existence de chimiotypes distincts. La plupart des individus peuplant la zone de syntopie entre le pin a crochets et l'un de ses proches congeneres, le pin sylvestre, empruntent simultanement leurs caracteres flavoniques et morphologiques au meme type specifique, uncinata ou sylvestris. Mais une minorite d'entre eux porteurs de caracteres intermediaires forment un veritable continuum entre les deux especes pures. L'hypothese d'une hybridation introgressive entre pin a crochets et pin sylvestre est donc vraisemblable. La variabilite de l'isorhamnetine et de la prodelphinidine permet de clarifier la systematique du pin noir. Les origines francaises et espagnoles d'une part, nord-africaines d'autre part, peuvent etre considerees comme deux varietes de la sous-espece clusiana. Les pins de corse constitueraient a eux seuls la sous-espece laricio, les pins de calabre etant a rapprocher de la sous-espece pallasiana. La differenciation moins marquee des sous-especes nigricans et pallasiana releverait du contexte paleo-evolutif. Les flavonoides confirment ainsi leur capacite a resoudre les problemes de systematique intraspecifique; ils permettent de proposer une typologie integrant les relations spatio-temporelles entre taxons

La vitesse d'invasion des ligneux dans les milieux ouverts dépend de la pression de propagules, de la capacité des espèces à envahir, et de la sensibilité des environnements à l'invasion. L'importance de ces composantes et les mécanismes impliqués sont estimés dans le cas de l'invasion des Grands Causses (sud du Massif Central, France) par une espèce indigène (Pinus sylvestris L. ) et une espèce introduite (Pinus nigra Arn. Subsp. Nigra). Des expérimentations et une analyse de patrons naturels d'installation par modélisation inverse montrent que le recrutement des plantules est limité à la fois par la quantité de graines et par les conditions environnementales. Le pâturage et la géologie sont les facteurs environnementaux principaux, mais la durée de la sécheresse estivale réduit aussi fortement les taux d'établissement des plantules. Les buissons favorisent la survie des plantules en les protégeant contre le stress hydrique et l'herbivorie. L'interruption du pâturage peut ouvrir des fenêtres d'invasion transitoires, liées à la suppression de l'herbivorie et à une compétition herbacée limitée. L'intégration de ces résultats dans un modèle démographique, spatialisé et stochastique, montre que le pâturage est le principal facteur de contrôle des taux de croissance et des vitesses d'invasion des populations de pins. L'effet du recouvrement en buissons, généralement négatif, devient positif pour une pression de pâturage intensive, tandis que la fréquence des années sèches a peu d'effet. L'espèce introduite montre une plus grande capacité d'invasion que l'espèce indigène. Nous discutons de l'apport de cette étude pour l'écologie fondamentale, la compréhension de la dynamique du paysage, et les pratiques de gestion
Invasion speed of woody species in open habitats depends on propagule pressure, species invasiveness and environment invasibility. The importance of these components and the underlying mechanisms are estimated in the case of the invasion of the Grands Causses (south of Massif Central, France) by a native species (Pinus sylvestris L. ) and an introduced one (Pinus nigra Arn. Subsp. Nigra). Experiments and analysis of recruitment patterns by inverse modelling show that seedling recruitment is limited by both seed supply and environmental conditions. Grazing and geology are the major environmental factors, but the duration of summer drought also strongly reduces seedling establishment rates. Shrubs facilitate the survival of seedlings by protecting them from drought stress and herbivory. The release of grazing can open transient invasion windows, linked to the release from herbivory and a limited herb competition. Integration of these results in a spatially explicit and stochastic demographic model, shows that grazing is the main factor controlling pine population growth and invasion rates. The effect of shrub cover, generally negative, becomes positive under an intensive grazing pressure, whereas the frequency of dry years has few effects. The introduced species shows a higher invasiveness than the native one. We discuss the contribution of this study to fundamental ecology, knowledge of landscape dynamics and management practices

Dissertação de Mestrado em Genética Molecular Comparativa e Tecnológica
Durante o século XX instalaram-se povoamentos de Pinus nigra em Portugal. Actualmente, o número de populações Portuguesas de P. nigra alóctones é restrito estando distribuídas por uma área reduzida. A sua origem e taxonomia são desconhecidas. A caracterização botânica destes povoamentos em 1980 revelou a presença das subespécies nigra, salzmannii e laricio. Neste estudo pretendeu-se: i) caracterizar molecularmente estas populações alóctones; ii) extrapolar as suas proveniências; iii) determinar a sua taxonomia; iv) caracterizar amostras estrangeiras de diferentes taxa infraespecíficos e proveniências para comparar com as Portuguesas, utilizando marcadores ISSR e SCoT. Portugal constitui o limite mais ocidental de distribuição de P.nigra e Pinus sylvestris L.. Neste estudo objectivou-se ainda a caracterização citogenética de uma população de P.nigra (Campeã) e sua comparação com pinheiro-silvestre (população autóctone da Biduiça) usando as técnicas citogenéticas de FISH com uma sonda de rDNA, de ND-FISH com sondas SSR e de coloração com nitrato de prata. O estudo de diversidade genética requereu a prévia extração de DNA de P.nigra. Devido ao elevado conteúdo de polissacáridos e polifenóis, o protocolo de extração foi optimizado para DNA de agulhas congeladas e desidratadas, sendo extensível a outros tecidos e espécies. A caracterização molecular e extrapolação das proveniências das populações de P.nigra (Manteigas, Caminha, Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Vale do Zêzere, Paredes de Coura e Campeã) foram efectuadas em 127 indivíduos com oito primers para amplificação de ISSRs e oito primers para produção de SCoTs. Foram detetadas uma elevada diversidade genética intrapopulacional (expectável para uma espécie Pinus) e uma estrutura genética definida (agrupamento dos indivíduos por população). Os perfis genéticos das amostras estrangeiras foram determinados em bulks correspondentes a 120 indivíduos de 12 proveniências, representativos das subespécies (nigra, salzmannii e laricio) e das variedades (corsicana, calabrica e austriaca) usando ISSRs e SCoTs. A subespécie salzmannii revelou-se geneticamente distante das amostras Portuguesas e restantes estrangeiras. Uma elevada identidade genética foi obtida entre amostras Portuguesas e estrangeiras da subespécie laricio. Os ISSRs evidenciaram maior similaridade genética entre os indivíduos Portugueses e amostras da subsp. laricio var. calabrica enquanto os SCoTs detetaram maior similaridade com a subespécie laricio var. corsicana. Segundo a caracterização botânica de 1980, esta subespécie foi apontada como a melhor adaptada e predominante em Portugal. Como a amplificação de SCoTs se baseia na ligação do primer a uma curta sequência conservada nos genes, consideraram-se estes resultados mais fidedignos. Globalmente, os dois sistemas marcadores demonstraram especificidade para determinar estrutura genética, extrapolar proveniências e discriminar taxa infraespecíficos em P.nigra. Após ND-FISH observaram-se diferenças na hibridação de SSRs entre P.nigra e P.sylvestris. A sonda rDNA detetou 14 e 16 loci em P.sylvestris e P.nigra, respetivamente. O número de nucléolos por núcleo (1 a 12) em ambas as espécies revela que nem todos os loci rDNA estão transcripcionalmente activos. A presença de micronucléolos associada à ocorrência de irregularidades cromossómicas (e.g. cromossomas em anel, policêntricos e fragmentados) sugere que estas populações periféricas ainda estão em adaptação. Os resultados deste trabalho contribuirão para o delineamento de estratégias de plantação/reflorestação de P. nigra em Portugal.
During the 20th century, P.nigra stands were installed in Portugal. Currently, the number of Portuguese P. nigra allochthonous populations is restricted being distributed to a small area. Origin and taxonomy of material used are unknown. The botanic characterization of these stands in 1980 revealed the presence of the subspecies nigra, salzmannii e laricio. In this study, we intend to: i) characterize molecularly these allochthonous populations; ii) extrapolate their provenances; iii) determine their taxonomy; and iv) characterize foreign samples from different infraspecifics taxa and provenances to compare with Portuguese, using ISSR and SCoT markers. Portugal constitutes the limit more occidental of P.nigra and P.sylvestris distribution. In this study, it was also aimed the cytogenetic characterization of a P.nigra population (‘Campeã’) and their comparison with Scots pine (autochthonous population of ‘Biduiça’) using the cytogenetic techniques FISH with a ribosomal rDNA probe, ND-FISH with SSR probes and silver nitrate staining. The genetic diversity study required a previous extraction of P.nigra DNA. Due to the high content of polysaccharides and polyphenols, the extraction protocol was optimized for DNA from frozen and dehydrated needles, and was suitable to other tissues and species. The molecular characterization and provenances extrapolation of P.nigra populations (‘Manteigas’, ‘Caminha’, ‘Vila Pouca de Aguiar’, ‘Vale do Zêzere’, ‘Paredes de Coura’, ‘Campeã’) were performed in 127 individuals with eight primers to ISSRs amplification and eight for SCoTs production. A high genetic diversity within populations (expectable for a Pinus species) and a defined genetic structure (clustering of individuals per population) were detected. The genetic profiles of foreign samples were determined in bulks corresponding to 120 individuals of 12 provenances representatives of subspecies (nigra, salzmannii and laricio) and varieties (corsicana, calabrica and austriaca) using ISSRs e SCoTs. The subspecies salzmannii revealed to be genetically distant from the Portuguese and other foreign samples. A high genetic identity was obtained among Portuguese and foreign samples from laricio subspecies. ISSRs evidenced higher genetic identity among the Portuguese and foreign samples from subsp. laricio var. calabrica whereas SCoTs estimated a higher genetic identity with subsp. laricio var. corsicana. According to botanic characterization of 1980, this subspecies was considered the best adapted and prevalent in Portugal. As the SCoTs amplification is based on the binding of primer to a short conserved sequence in the genes, was considered these results more reliable. Globally, the two marker systems showed specificity for genetic structure determination, provenances extrapolation and infraspecific taxa discrimination of P.nigra. After ND-FISH, differences in SSRs hybridization between P.nigra and P.sylvestris were observed. rDNA probe detected 14 and 16 loci in P.sylvestris and P.nigra, respectively. The number of nucleoli per interphase nucleus (1 to 12) in both species revealed that not all rDNA loci were transcriptionally active. The presence of micronucleoli associated to chromosomic irregularities (e.g. ring, polycentric and fragmented chromosomes) in both species, suggested that these peripheral populations are still in adaptation. The results of this work will contribute to design strategies for planting/reforestation of P.nigra in Portugal.

This paper describes the atmospheric air quality assessment, based on modeling dispersion and calculation of concentration of pollutants emitted from sources of pollution from the Republic of Moldova. There are presented the maps regarding the dispersion of NO2 from cars provenience on the main circulation arteries in the urban ecosistem of Chisinau in the case of 9m/s wind speed. There were investigate the physiological response of three species of trees Tilia cordata Mill Acer platanoides L; Pinus nigra J.F. from five sites zones with different pollution. There were analysed the following indices: dry weight and total water quantity, chlorophylls, amount that gradually were affected. The significant variations of chlorophylls concentration demonstrate that the photosynthetic system is highly sensible to pollution factors.