Articles de revues sur le sujet « Pierre – microscopie »

It is my pleasure to welcome you to Microscopy and Microanalysis 2002, jointly sponsored by the Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopy Society of Canada/Société de Microscopie du Canada, and the International Metallographic Society. An excellent program with an outstanding list of invited speakers for symposia has been assembled by the Program Committee consisting of the Chair, Edgar Voelkl, and Co-Chairs, David Piston (MSA), Raynald Gauvin (MAS/MSC), and Allan Lockley (IMS). Highlights of Microscopy and Microanalysis 2002 include the world's largest display of microscopes and related technologies together with outstanding sessions on all aspects of microscopy and microanalysis. Symposia will be held on 3-D electron microscopy of macromolecules and cryo-electron microscopy of macromolecules, the quantitative aspects of X-ray microscopy, confocal microscopy, biomaterials, biological and materials specimen preparation. Special sessions will be held on holography, phase imaging, deep tissue imaging, (S)TEM instrumentation, developments in focused-ion beam instruments and imaging, metallographic specimen preparation from start to finish, and the changing role of atom probe microscopes in the nanotechnology era. Advances in immunolabeling, EELS, and detectors for X-ray microanalysis also will be presented. A special analytical electron microscopy session honoring the work of Elmar Zeitler is also scheduled. A pre-meetingworkshop “Future of Materials Characterization of Charging Materialsusing Microbeam Analysis” organized by Dr. Raynald Gauvin will be held at McGill University in Montreal on August 2–3. The Local Arrangements Committee, headed by Pierre Charest, has coordinated the scheduling of many local events to complement the meeting.

Pour le meilleur ou pour le pire, de nombreux travailleurs se voient forcés par leur contrat de travail de confier à une caisse de retraite la gestion d'une partie importante de leurs économies. C'est ainsi que sont nés des investisseurs institutionnels de première importance, comme la caisse de retraite des employés municipaux de l'Ontario et celle des enseignants de cette province. La Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec est le plus important de ces gestionnaires. Elle occupe l'avant-scène financière. Tous les Québécois, et même les Canadiens des autres provinces, scrutent ses moindres décisions. En 1993, elle a fait l'objet d'un ouvrage de Pierre Arbour.

leaden heart-shaped case with the year 1782 engraved, was found in the church St. Pierre in Porrentruy, Switzerland. It contained a preserved heart. Preservation had been obtained with vegetable materials and was such that microscopic and electron-microscopic preparations could be made. Tt was the heart of the bishop of Basel, Frédéric de Wangen. The heart is studied anatomically, and the historical background of the find is presented.

Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron, E. cambodianum Pierre and E. cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz in family Erythroxylaceae was traditionally used as an antipyretic, general stimulant and gastrointestinal diseases. Due to their morphological similarity, the correct identification was necessary for the quality control in herbal medicine. E. novogranatense (Morris) Hieron, E. cambodianum Pierre and E. cuneatum (Miq.) Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics evaluated Kurz endemic to Thailand according to WHO standard guideline and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint. Morphological characters of E. novogranatense, E. cambodianum and E. cuneatum were similar in their flower, fruit and seed but different in stem and leaf. Microscopic characteristics from these three species, including constant leaf numbers, showed individual values. The stomata were classified as paracytic type. The midrib transverse section showed distinct characters of the epidermis, palisade cell, stomata, spongy cell, parenchyma, xylem vessel, phloem tissue and collenchyma. AFLP fingerprint showed highly polymorphisms 97.42% with the number of bands (349 bands) ranging between 50-750 bands. Primer E+ACG/M+CTT had the highest number of AFLP band (91 bands). The dendrogram generated from UPGMA could separate these three species. In summary, the combination of morphological characteristics, microscopic investigation and AFLP fingerprinting can be used to identify plant species and determine the genetic relationship among three Erythroxylum species.

Pour cette troisième collaboration à Rabaska, le Centre de conservation du Québec (Ccq) nous offre deux textes préparés autour du thème de la miniature. Stéphane Doyon, de l’atelier bois, traite de la restauration de la maquette vieille de 150 ans d’une église représentée à l’échelle 1:24 et de grande qualité, tandis que Isabelle Paradis, de l’atelier métal-pierre, décrit l’apport que peut avoir l’étude microscopique des finis peints à la documentation et la conservation des bâtiments patrimoniaux.

No presente trabalho foi realizado estudo em microscopia eletrônica de varredura do fungo Piedraia hortae, através de material obtido de lesões no cabelo de índios do Amazonas. O exame em microscopia eletrônica revelou ascosporos poliédricos, ovóides e arredondados, arranjados isoladamente ou na forma de pseudohifas, de permeio a material extracelular densamente compactado.

The 1884 suggestion of Pierre Curie (1859–1906) that the type of dissymmetry shown by collinear electric and magnetic fields may induce an enantiomeric excess, in a chemical reaction that would otherwise produce a racemic mixture, is explored in the context of fundamental symmetry arguments. Curie’s arrangement exhibits false chirality (time-noninvariant enantiomorphism), and so it may not induce absolute enantioselection (ae) in a process that has reached thermodynamic equilibrium, since it does not lift the degeneracy of chiral enantiomers. However, it may do so in far-from-equilibrium processes via a breakdown in microscopic reversibility analogous to that observed in elementary particle processes under the influence of CP violation, the associated force possessing false chirality with respect to CP enantiomorphism. In contrast, an influence like circularly polarized light exhibiting true chirality (time-invariant enantiomorphism) lifts the degeneracy of enantiomers, and so may induce ae in all circumstances. Although to date, ae has not been observed under the influence of Curie’s arrangement of collinear electric and magnetic fields, it is argued that two different experiments have now demonstrated ae under a falsely chiral influence in systems far from equilibrium, namely in a spinning sample under a gravitational field, and in the separation of enantiomers at a ferromagnetic surface.

L’examen pétrographique des matériaux rocheux utilisés en génie civil (pierres en œuvre, granulats pour béton) permet de mettre en évidence des éléments nuisibles ou des caractéristiques défavorables et, plus généralement, d’évaluer l’aptitude à une utilisation donnée, en complément d’essais pétrophysiques et mécaniques. L’accent est mis sur l’analyse pétrographique de lames minces au microscope optique polarisant, éventuellement complétée par l’examen au microscope électronique à balayage. Cette analyse peut être utilisée a priori, lors d’une recherche de matériaux, ou pour le diagnostic de désordres observés sur ouvrages. Plusieurs exemples sont donnés : dissolution ou gélifraction de calcaires, altération par lessivage des argiles dans un grès poreux, fissuration d’un marbre en œuvre sous l’effet des variations de température, aide au diagnostic de roches siliceuses vis-à-vis de l’alcali-réaction. Quelques normes ou recommandations relatives à l’examen pétrographique sont commentées. On insiste en conclusion sur les compétences, spécifiques aux questions de géologie de l’ingénieur, que doit posséder le pétrographe.

In this paper, the microstructure of the water strider’s legs was observed, the lengths, diameters of the water strider’s legs were measured by the instruments such as scanning electron microscope . The supporting force model of water strider’s legs was established, the factors associated with the supporting force were analyzed. The critical conditions in which water strider’s legs do not pierce the water surface were discussed. the maximum supporting force of water strider’s single hind leg was calculated according to the supporting force model of water strider’s legs, the calculated value is 3399.13×10-6N, which is about 17 times of its body weight.

Proteins in biologic membranes perform a large variety of essential functions. The fact that about one third of all genes code for membrane proteins, and that the majority of drugs target these proteins, attest to that fact. However, until now, proteins have been studied under artificial conditions, such as after being crystallized, frozen, or adsorbed to a substrate. Rui Pedro Gonçalves, Guillaume Agnus, Pierre Sens, Christine Houssin, Bernard Bartenlian, and Simon Scheuring have devised a novel setup with the atomic force microscope (AFM) to allow proteins to be probed while they are in unsupported membranes. Their method is similar in principle to methods where a small area of a membrane is sampled, such as when a piece of membrane is examined by patch clamping. The difference is that instead of attaching a membrane to the end of a pipette, it is spread across a piece of perforated Si(001).

Introduced various preparation method of one dimensional nanowire and the merit and shortcoming of various methods, adopt two anodic oxidation method carry on oxadation to the aluminum sheet and Fabricate thickness about 15 ums, 50 nms nanohole diameter AAO template .In the H2PtCl6·6H2O+H3BO4 solutions carry on electrochemistry deposition to the AAO template.The deposited templates were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM ) , approval that growth speed of nanowires are the 1 um/h.After had electrochemistry deposited for 12h, the nanowire can pierce through AAO template.The length of nanowire is 15 ums, diameter is 50 nms. Nanowires are independent, they meet demand as conducting nanowires.

At the end of the 19th century, with the development of Newton's classical mechanics and Maxwell's electromagnetism, a great number of individuals believed that the laws of physics had reached the point of perfection. Physicists like Pierre-Simon Laplace even thought that Newtonian mechanics could be used to calculate the future. However, the "dark clouds" such as the Michelson-Morley experiment and black body radiation demonstrated the flaws of the classical theory. With the efforts of quantum mechanics pioneers such as Planck, Einstein, Schrodinger, and Heisenberg, the discipline of quantum mechanics has gradually developed and has become the key to opening the door to the microscopic world. This paper demonstrates the cracks that occurred in classical physics at the end of the 19th century, and then illustrates the birth of the quantum mechanics and some of the most important concepts of it. Finally, some cutting-edge technologies related to quantum are introduced.

Self-Pierce Riveting (SPR) is a new cold-press rivet technique for hard-to-weld materials joining in the field of automobile lightweight design and manufacture. The interlock slid under mechanical loading was the main induction factor to the failure of SPR joints. In this paper, the property of the interlock slid in SPR joints was studied by using digital image analysis technology and mechanical experiments. A special double-rivets specimen was designed, and simple tensile test was carried out. Several digital microscopes pointing to the region of the mechanical interlock were set up to observe and record synchronously the sequential images of the deformation of SPR during the tensile test. The process of image gray matching for the calculation of the interlock slid was described. Results showed that this method can be used to detect automatically the sliding in SPR joints and analyze the sliding qualitatively and quantitatively. And it can provide a new path for the mechanical property evaluation for this type joints.

Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM) is a new approach to magnetic-surface imaging. Historically, it is an outgrowth of LEEM (low-energy electron microscopy), which has been successfully applied to the high-speed in situ imaging of microscopic surface structures under clean ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) conditions. In terms of basic instrument design, in SPLEEM a spin-polarized electron source of the Pierce type replaces the LaB6 field-emission electron source used in all dedicated LEEM systems. A new, fully electrostatic version of LEEM has recently been developed, resulting in a more compact, flange-on-type instrument component, which can be integrated with standard UHV surface analytical systems. The main advantage of the new SPLEEM technique is an advanced electron-source design that allows the spin direction to be arbitrarily adjusted with respect to the sample surface (see the following).

This study aims to analyze the role of Green Open Space on Environmental Protection in Ambon City. The method of data collection is done by collecting primary data in the form of micro climate measurements (temperature and air humidity) at each RTH location. Micro climate data is then processed using microscope office excel, to get the results of comparison tabulations and graphs. After the data tabulation value was obtained statistically analyzed by correlation test. this technique aims to determine the effect of green space on air temperature and green space on air humidity in various types of green open spaces. To analyze the effect of Green Open Space on the preservation of the environment of the city of Ambon, a Spearman correlation correlation tool with Pearson control was performed. The results showed that the results of the microclimate measurements carried out on the Green Path each way Dr. Malaiholo, Pattimura road, Piere Tandean road, Dr. Leimena, shows the air temperature and average humidity of Dr. Malaihollo 32.3 ℃ and RH 68.5%, Pattimura road 33.2 ℃ and RH 61.0%, Jalan Piere Tandean 32.5 ℃ and RH 64.0%, Jalan Dr. Leimena 33.0 ℃ and RH 56.7%. Based on the results of the Convenience Analysis, the four green lines are classified as uncomfortable because the average is in the value of> 27.

The present paper aims to examine the biological works of Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698–1759), a prominent French scientist and philosopher, on the problems of animal reproduction and heredity. His scientific career exemplifies how, in mid-eighteenth-century Europe, various scientific disciplines were intertwined with literature, art, and philosophy. In one of his major publications dealing with these issues, “Venus physique” (1745), from one role to another time and again, combining theory, observation, everyday experience, and literary narrative. His objections to preformationism unfold in a stylized literary context that itself references the more personal context of salon conversation and flirtation. Maupertuis’s epigenetic conception of reproduction (with its origins in Antiquity) drew on a wide range of arguments from a variety of sources: anatomy and monster studies, observations of racial differences and family resemblance, analysis of the breeding experience of animal breeders, microscopic observations, and chemical insights. The French scientist presented the dynamics of processes in living nature in terms of naturalized desire and aversion, which function as guiding inclinations inherent in the smallest units of organic matter. In “Venus physique”, Maupertuis, in presenting his biological views, played on the appeal in certain Parisian circles of socially acceptable epathetics associated with philosophical texts, eroticism, unorthodox religious beliefs, and illicit sexual liaisons.

The ordering of iron vacancies in highly nonstoichiometric iron sulfide compounds (Fe1-xS, 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.125) at temperature below 425K give rise to at least two different superstructures and a number of possible planar defect configurations. These ordered iron vacancies and associated planar defects are believed to influence greatly the electrical and magnetic properties of Fe1-xS crystals. Extensive efforts, employing high resolution transmission electron microscopy, to characterize the ordering of iron vacancies and associated planar defects have been carried out by Nguyen and Hobbs, Pierce and Buseck, and Nakazawa, et al. In this paper we report the characterization of twin boundaries in iron sulfide crystal of composition nominally Fe9S10.Many beam lattice images of crushed synthetic Fe9S10 crystals were obtained in a top-entry JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope. Relevant electron optical parameters were Cs = 1.2mm; divergence half-angle α = 0.5mrad; and an objective aperture which allowed electron beams up to 5nm-1 to contribute to the final image.

The goal of this issue of the MRS BULLETIN, with its focus on the physics of complex materials, is to point out some of the fascinating features, both fundamental and applied, of complex materials: liquid crystals and polymers. Over the past 20 years, we have witnessed impressive advances in the understanding of liquid crystals and polymers on all fronts—physics, chemistry, materials research, and applications.Physicists are interested in the fundamentals of a phenomenon. Our assumption is that once we understand how the pieces of a System work, the understanding of how the whole System works immediately follows. However, those of us who have been involved in materials physics research quickly learn that complexity generates rules of its own on scales much larger than the microscopic scale of the molecules involved. Some-times these rules are beautifully simple and elegantly described, but most often they are not. The following articles high-light some important current research in the domain of complex materials, particularly for liquid crystals and polymers.Contributing to this special issue are: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes; J. William Doane; Wolfgang Meier and Heino Finkelmann; Paul Keyes; Patrick Oswald, John Bechhoefer and Francisco Melo; and Walter Zimmerman. They give us their current thinking on polymers in shear, novel electro-mechanical effects observed in polymeric liquid crystals, and how liquid crystals in a solid polymer matrix make useful high-speed color displays.

Selected haemetophagous phthirapterans have been convicted to act as reservoir and transmitter of pathogens among their hosts. Amblyceran Phthiraptera are generally believed to exhibit varying degree of haemetophagy. The microscopic examination of 100 adults (both sexes) and 47 nymphal instars of an amblyceran louse, Colpocephalum turbinatum revealed their non haemetophagous nature as any red content compatible with host blood was not detected in their crops. The crops of the lice were found packed with only feather barbules. On seven instances the pieces of egg chorion and in 20 cases the presence of epidermal tissue were also detected in crop contents. However, the presence of any triturating agent (any structure which can help in grinding the feather contents) was not noticed. SEM studies on the ventral side of the head of the louse do not indicate the presence of any pointed gear which can be used to pierce the skin blood vessels of host. Present study suggests that few amblyceran species of Phthiraptera are not in haemetophagous in nature.

Rheological behavior of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelet composites of varying content, temperature, and filler shape was investigated by capillary and rotational rheometers. Scanning electron microscope images were taken in order to examine the filler shape and interaction between fillers and polymer matrix. Viscosity measurements of polypropylene/graphite composites showed shear thinning behavior like neat polypropylene. Filler inclusion resulted in increase in shear viscosity and shear thinning behavior of composites. The effect of filler concentration on viscosity is more appreciable in the low shear rate region. PP/graphite nanoplatelet composites with larger interface between filler and polymer matrix were of greater shear viscosity values through the entire shear rate range. However, filler morphology did not affect shear viscosity in high shear rate region remarkably. Composite viscosity as a function of volume fraction was modeled by Maron–Pierce equation. As temperature increased, shear viscosities of polypropylene/graphite composites and neat PP melt decreased. Temperature has less effect on composite viscosity than on neat PP viscosity due to the restricting effect of fillers on polymer molecules.

The city of Tanis is one of the most important cities in ancient Egypt. It was the northern capital of Egypt and the royal headquarters of the kings of the twenty -first and twenty -two dynasty. It is in the east of the Delta, about 150 km northeast of Cairo, on the ancient Tanis branch of the Nile. The Royal tombs of Tanis was discovered by the French archaeological Pierre Monte in 1999. The material building materials are currently suffering due to many aspects and factors of physical, chemical, biological, and human damage, such as the deterioration and loss of many stone blocks, binding mortar, and decorative units, accumulation of dusts and cracks that are varied in shapes and sizes in the painting, crystallization of salts on the surface and between layers, which led to the separation, fragmentation and peeling of the stone surface and the disappearance of many decorative elements, scenery and colored relives. Therefore, the research aims to study the materials for building tombs to find out the most important physical and chemical changes that occurred to them and led to their deterioration in preparation for the development of a scientific plan for the restoration and conservation of these tombs and their decorative elements. The components of the tombs were studied through investigation and using various analysis methods such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis of elements, Polarizing Microscope (PM). physical and mechanical properties of the stones used in the construction of graves were carried out. The results The results indicated that, the tombs were constructed using blocks of restricted limestone and were linked with a mortar of Gypsum, sand and stone powder and used some granite pieces in the doorstep over the entrances, and the main reason for the damage of building materials is a group of natural factors, the most important of which is rain water, the ground water and the various salts it contains due to the low location of the tombs within the archaeological hill and the proximity of the archaeological hill to the salty water sources represented in Lake Manzala, agricultural lands, waterways and agricultural banks.

Abstract The development of new therapeutic strategies for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has gained new momentum fueled by improved characterization of the disease’s natural history and biology and by the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first agent with an indication for MDS. By integrating morphologic and cytogenetic features with greater discriminatory power, the World Health Organization (WHO) has refined the classification of these stem cell malignancies and enhanced its prognostic utility. Recognition that the malignant phenotype, which characterizes MDS, may arise from mechanistically diverse biological processes has raised new awareness that treatment strategies must be tailored to the pathobiology of the disease. Therapeutics targeting chromatin structure, angiogenesis and the microenvironment that nurtures the MDS phenotype have demonstrated remarkable activity and offer an opportunity to alter the natural history of the disease. This chapter provides an overview of recent developments in the characterization of MDS from the microscope to the laboratory and the translation of these findings into promising therapeutics. In Section I, Dr. James Vardiman reviews the cytogenetic abnormalities that characterize MDS, their clinical and pathologic significance, and the application of the WHO classification. In Section II, Dr. Alan List reviews treatment goals driven by prognostic variables and biological features of the disease that have led to promising small molecule, selective therapeutics. In Section III, Dr. Jean-Pierre Issa provides an overview of epigenetic events regulating gene expression, which may be exploited therapeutically by chromatin remodeling agents. In Section IV, Dr. Theo DeWitte discusses new developments in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including reduced-intensity and myeloablative approaches.

Magmatic formations of various ages are developed within the northern part of the Circumpolar Urals, the oldest peripheral part of the Ural belt. Including the Late-Riphean-Vendian granitoids of the salner-mankhambov intrusive complex, which includes the Badiayu granite massif. The conducted research allowed us to identify a number of petrographic and petrogeochemical features of the granites under consideration. The analysis of rock-forming minerals, which are a typical set for granites, with the help of a polarization microscope allowed us to determine the characteristic structures of the rock, to identify the presence of plagioclases and biotites of two generations, to detect partial substitution of quartz with a granular variety. The data of the silicate method allowed us to establish that the studied rock is characterized by an increased content of silica, the main alkali metals, and a very high alumina content. ICP-MS method data and their normalization with respect to S. S. San chondrite and the hypothetical plagiogranite COX showed that the rocks were formed from crustal-type melts saturated with rare-earth, as well as individual lithophilic elements (rubidium, barium). According to the diagnostic diagrams of J. A. Pierce, D. Papu, N. B. Harris, the formation of the studied massif occurred in the conditions of an intraplate geodynamic situation.

The objective of this study is to ascertain the pathogenic and antagonistic fungi that induce disease in avocado plants (Persea Americana Mill), identify the antagonistic fungi with the greatest antagonism potential among a variety of antagonistic fungi, and elucidate the mechanism by which antagonistic fungi inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. From January to May 2023, this study was conducted in vitro at the Microbiology Laboratory, State University of Malang, employing a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising six replications and four interventions. The identification of mold was accomplished through macroscopically and microscopically descriptive analysis, followed by a comparison with the mold identification key book. The antagonism process was executed utilizing the dual culture method on PDA medium, and the electron microscope (SEM) was employed to witness the antagonism mechanism. The research findings revealed that T. harzianum spp. and T. viride were identified as antagonist fungi, whereas C. aotearoa and C. gloeospoiroides were identified as pathogenic fungi. The antagonistic fungus T. viride exhibited the greatest degree of antagonism, impeding the growth of C. gloeospoioroides by 77.8%. Observed antagonism occurs when the hyphae of the antagonistic mold ensnare, entangle, and pierce those of the pathogenic mold, causing harm to the region surrounding the pathogenic mold's hyphae and subsequently impeding its growth

The objective of this study is to ascertain the pathogenic and antagonistic fungi that induce disease in avocado plants (Persea americana Mill), identify the antagonistic fungi with the greatest antagonism potential among a variety of antagonistic fungi, and elucidate the mechanism by which antagonistic fungi inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. From January to May 2023, this study was conducted in vitro at the Microbiology Laboratory, State University of Malang, employing a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising six replications and four interventions. The identification of mold was accomplished through macroscopically and microscopically descriptive analysis, followed by a comparison with the mold identification key book. The antagonism process was executed utilizing the dual culture method on the PDA medium, and the electron microscope (SEM) was employed to witness the antagonism mechanism. The research findings revealed that T. harzianum spp. and T. viride were identified as antagonist fungi, whereas C. aotearoa and C. gloeospoiroides were identified as pathogenic fungi. The antagonistic fungus T. viride exhibited the greatest degree of antagonism, impeding the growth of C. gloeospoiroides by 77.8%. Observed antagonism occurs when the hyphae of the antagonistic mold ensnare, entangle, and pierce those of the pathogenic mold, causing harm to the region surrounding the pathogenic mold's hyphae and subsequently impeding its growth

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de una pieza ósea que brinda información pionera sobre aspectos tecnológicos prehispánicos en el sector ribereño Paraguay-Paraná del Chaco argentino. Se analizó un elemento óseo de Rhea americana con evidencias de formatización. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la etapa de producción representada, se registraron marcas de manufactura, una de las cuales fue analizada con microscopio electrónico de barrido a fin de identificar el material con que se produjo la formatización (piedra o valva). A partir del análisis, se define el elemento como un núcleo con “extracción bosquejada”, es decir, una pieza en la cual se evidencia una forma base que aún no ha sido extraída. Se propone que la técnica de manufactura consistió en el ranurado a partir de filos de valva (Diplodon sp.). Este trabajo constituye el primer aporte con evidencias sobre el uso de filos de valvas de molusco en el proceso de confección de artefactos óseos en sitios arqueológicos de Argentina.

The aims of the study were to characterize enamel, dentine and cementum surface aspect after using non-fluoride remineralization toothpastes containing calcium carbonate and calcium glycerophosphate by SEM evaluation, to determine chemical composition of enamel, dentin and cement after remineralization products application by EDX assessment, and to compare the remineralization capacity of the tested products. Ten extracted teeth having no dental caries, erosive or wear lesions were selected for the study. The teeth were split bucco-lingually and mesio-distally in four pieces. A free window of enamel, dentine, and cementum (4X4 mm) in the cervical area of the slices was preserved. In control group the slices were subjected to a artificial caries lesion formation. In study groups EcoBio� (President Company), Bio-natural (Dentissimo, Swiss Biodent), and Arthrodont Cassic (Pierre Fabre Oral Care) toothpastes were applied two times a day, for 3 minutes during caries lesion formation. The surface topography has been analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and the quantitative and qualitative chemical composition has been evaluated using an EDX detector. Interprismatic and intraprismatic mineral loss is clearly visible at higher magnification in enamel samples in control group. Some areas of demineralization are still present, and also small areas of extern deposits are visible on enamel, dentine and cementum samples in the groups were tested products were applied. All the tested toothpastes increased calcium and phosphorous ion concentrations in enamel, dentine and cementum. The highest remineralization effect was recorded in enamel by Dentissiomo, followed by Arthrodent and EcoBio toothpastes. In dentine and cementum the highest remineralization effect was registered by Arthrodent, followed by Dentissiomo and EcoBio toothpastes.

<p class="abstract">The hair shaft is composed of multiple layers, which include the medulla, cortex and cuticle. Genetic disorders, diseases or environmental factors can lead to changes in the properties of these structures, resulting in fragility or alterations in hair shaft texture, appearance or manageability giving rise to various hair shaft disorders. Depending on the fragility of the hair the hair shaft disorders are divided into those with increased fragility and those without increased fragility. A clear detailed history and accompanying microscopic, trichoscopic evaluation help in establishing a diagnosis. In this case series we presented a series of seven hair disorders which included pili torti, trichorehexis nodosa, monelithrix, plica palonica, white piedra, trichoptilosis and Tay’s syndrome. Most of the hair shaft disorders have underlying metabolic disorders or genetic disorders that are left unnoticed and are commonly treated as alopecias which do not improve on treatment. Thereby creating a need of diagnosing these conditions appropriately. The treatment of hair shaft disorders depends on treating the underlying cause. In addition patients must be advised to reduce the traumatic effects on the hair like ironing, chemical treatments, curling.</p>

Las semillas ortodoxas cerca de la madurez adquieren tolerancia a la desecación; sin embargo, durante el proceso de imbibición-germinación ésta se pierde. El tiempo en que ocurre entre especies, incluso entre lotes de la misma especie es variable. Se determinó el momento en que ocurre la pérdida de tolerancia a la desecación en semillas de maíz durante la imbibición-germinación, además se observó el comportamiento y relación de cuerpos lípidos con la pérdida de tolerancia. Semillas de maíz de la línea 231 fueron imbibidas en agua y con diferentes concentraciones de polietilenglicol 8 000. La cinética de imbibición se cuantifico en periodos de ocho horas hasta las 40 h y la pérdida de tolerancia a desecación se estimó con pruebas de germinación estándar, conductividad eléctrica y envejecimiento acelerado. Ejes embrionarios fueron procesados y observados en el microscopio electrónico de transmisión. La pérdida de tolerancia a la desecación se presentó a las 32 h de imbibición a contenidos de agua de 300 g H2O kg1 y 520 g H2O kg1 en semilla y embrión respectivamente. En este momento la conductividad aumenta de 7.26 a 15.63 μSm-1g-1 mientras la germinación y viabilidad se redujeron 27 y 84% respectivamente. El movimiento de los cuerpos lípidos durante la imbibición-germinación se presenta entre las 24 h y 32 h, provocando alteraciones a la membrana con los secados, por lo que el papel que juegan éstos, además de ser fuente de energía durante la germinación, proveen de protección a las membranas durante la desecación.

La escoria de alto horno es un subproducto de la producción de hierro y acero, cuyas características fisicoquímicas están influenciadas por el tipo de proceso de producción aplicado. Además, su composición química depende de las materias primas utilizadas, siendo las más comunes el mineral de hierro, el coque y la piedra caliza. La escoria puede solidificarse en cuatro formas diferentes: cristalizada, granulada, pelletized y expandida. La escoria cristalizada obtenida de la producción de altos hornos se estudió en este trabajo. Esta escoria tiene una alta porosidad y una resistencia mecánica reducida en comparación con otras escorias. Las muestras fueron sometidas a tratamientos térmicos a 860, 960 y 1060 °C por una hora. Estas muestras fueron caracterizadas por difracción de rayos-X (XRD), espectrometría de infrarrojos con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), fluorescencia de rayos-X (XRF) y microscopia electrónica de barrido/EDS. Con base en los resultados, fue posible predecir el comportamiento de la cristalización de la escoria a diferentes temperaturas de calcinación e identificar las fases presentes en cada máximo de temperatura. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la escoria de alto horno, residuo de la producción de acero de la Compañía Acepar, con el fin de proponer una aplicación de mayor valor agregado, relacionada con la producción de cerámicas avanzadas.

By the time the first detailed reports on western Mexico's volcanic rocks had begun to appear in the 1970s, most of the earlier observations on these rocks and most knowledge of those who made these observations were all but forgotten. A review of previous field observations in this region shows, however, a long history of geologic discovery reflecting or even preceding developments elsewhere.Ethnological studies suggest that the Pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) observed the characteristics of rock formations in their sierra homeland and understood something of the regional stratigraphic relationships. Late sixteenth and early seventeenth century explorers of the Spanish Colonial Period singled out volcanic rock known to them as piedra de malpaís for special recognition, and Padre Kino and his fellow explorers clearly recognized the volcanic origin of piedra de malpaís decades prior to similar observations in Europe. As the Spanish Colonial Period came to a close, Andrés Manuel del Río help organize a state-of-theart mining college in Mexico City where students were instructed in Werner's geognosy prior to their taking positions in Mexico's mining industry, most of it located in western Mexico's volcanic rocks.Although the first part of the tumultuous period between Mexico's revolutions of 1810 and 1910 saw few advances in geological knowledge, the reign of President Porfirio Díaz produced a geologic map of Mexico, the founding of the Instituto de Geología, and an ‘American invasion’ of geologists and mining engineers who locally gathered information on the nature of volcanic rocks of western Mexico. During the same period, Instituto geologist Ezequiel Ordóñez established the general stratigraphic sequence in the SMO, recognized the widespread occurrence of rhyolite there, and applied the petrographic microscope to the study of SMO volcanic rocks. The first identification of ignimbrites in the SMO came as a result of the World War II-era search for strategic minerals, and NASA's push to put a man on the Moon supported a series of student mapping projects producing the SMO's first geologic maps showing individual ignimbrite units and calderas.

Introducción: La gran diversidad de especies maderables tropicales demanda el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de identificación con base en sus patrones o características anatómicas. La aplicación de redes neuronales convolucionales (CNN) para el reconocimiento de especies maderables tropicales se ha incrementado en los últimos años por sus resultados prometedores. Objetivo: Evaluamos la calidad de las imágenes macroscópicas con tres herramientas de corte para mejorar la visualización y distinción de las características anatómicas en el entrenamiento del modelo CNN. Métodos: Recolectamos las muestras entre el 2020 y 2021 en áreas de explotación forestal y aserraderos de Selva Central, Perú. Luego, las dimensionamos y, previo a la identificación botánica y anatómica, las cortamos en secciones transversales. Generamos una base de datos de imágenes macroscópicas de la sección transversal de la madera, a través del corte, con tres herramientas para ver su rendimiento en el laboratorio, campo y puesto de control. Resultados: Usamos tres herramientas de corte para obtener una alta calidad de imágenes transversales de la madera; obtuvimos 3 750 imágenes macroscópicas con un microscopio portátil que corresponden a 25 especies maderables. El cuchillo “Tramontina” es duradero, pero pierde el filo con facilidad y se necesita una herramienta para afilar, el cúter retráctil “Pretul” es adecuado para madera suave y dura en muestras pequeñas de laboratorio; el cuchillo “Ubermann” es apropiado para el campo, laboratorio y puesto de control, porque tiene una envoltura duradera y láminas intercambiables en caso de pérdida de filo. Conclusiones: La calidad de las imágenes es decisiva en la clasificación de especies maderables, porque permite una mejor visualización y distinción de las características anatómicas en el entrenamiento con los modelos de red neuronal convolucional EfficientNet B0 y Custom Vision, lo cual se evidenció en las métricas de precisión.

Las ciencias morfológicas incluyen el estudio de tres disciplinas que analizan el cuerpo humano: la anatomía macroscópica, la histología y la embriología, las cuales forman parte central del ciclo básico en todas las carreras de la salud. El aprendizaje morfológico ocurre en el laboratorio y se basa en el estudio de disecciones cadavéricas, preparaciones histológicas o muestras del desarrollo embrionario, con el propósito de lograr una adecuada compresión de las características morfoestructurales del cuerpo humano. Sin embargo, la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 significó un cambio profundo en la forma de enseñar, incorporando métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje utilizados durante la pandemia que incluyen estrategias como los microscopios virtuales, atlas interactivos o videos de disecciones, lo que ha llevado a algunos a cuestionar la necesidad de utilizar los laboratorios de morfología. La educación virtual ha aparecido como una alternativa factible de mantener post-pandemia, sin embargo, el paso por el laboratorio es irreemplazable en la formación de profesionales de la salud, permitiendo el desarrollo de otras competencias más allá de la aplicación del conocimiento. La morfología seguirá siendo la piedra angular en la formación de profesionales de la salud. El desafío es como a través de la innovación y la creatividad incorporamos las nuevas tecnologías digitales, agregando un nuevo valor al estudio de esta disciplina.

Objetivo. Verificar el espesor de los tejidos duros dentarios en la actualidad. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se utilizaron 94 piezas dentarias permanentes naturales y humanas existente en la morfoteca de la facultad de odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste y recopiladas durante 2004 al 2014, libres de lesiones, restauraciones, con corona y raíz completas. Se seleccionaron ocho muestras de cada grupo (incisivos, caninos, premolares y molares) para medir el espesor de los tejidos duros en los tercios incisal, oclusal, central, cervical y apical. Se utilizó una morsa plana modelo AA y discos de carborundum en micromotor tipo Dremel 4000 para realizar cortes longitudinales en sentido mesiodistal, de cada pieza seleccionada y se procedió a pulir la superficie con piedra pómez hasta obtener el mínimo espesor. La medición se realizó en milímetros con digital microscope, resolution up to 2M pixel, 25-400x. Resultados. El tejido de mayor espesor en todos los grupos dentarios fue la dentina cuyo valor fue 1,53 mm a 5,16 mm. Le siguió en orden el esmalte con 0,87 mm a 3,47 mm según el lugar de ubicación y el tejido más delgado lo representó el cemento con valores entre 0,18 mm y 0,78 mm. El mayor espesor de esmalte y dentina fue registrado en el grupo premolar, mientras que el mayor espesor de cemento, en el grupo molar. Conclusión. El trabajo realizado ha permitido observar diferencias significativas en los espesores de los tejidos dentarios, medidos en piezas dentarias permanentes humanas.

Abstract Background Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the causative pathogens of several human diseases, including seasonal respiratory infections (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and the novel CoV recently identified as the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2. AT-527 is currently in Phase 2 clinical trials and has demonstrated potent activity and a well-tolerated safety profile in HCV-infected subjects. Here we report the in vitro activity of AT-511, the free base form of AT-527, against SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs. Methods BHK-21, Huh-7, RD and differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (dNHBE) cell cultures were exposed to virus and serial dilutions of test compounds. Independent assessments of antiviral activity were obtained by determining effective concentrations of test compounds required to 1) prevent half-maximal (EC50) virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) using MTT or neutral red staining and 2) produce virus yield reductions (VYR) by 90% (EC90) using standard endpoint dilution CCID50 assays in Vero 76 cells. Half maximal cytotoxicity of test compounds was determined by dye (MTT or neutral red) staining in the absence of added virus or by microscopic inspection (dNHBE cells only). Results Table 1 presents the in vitro activities of AT-511 against several coronaviruses. Also included in these assays are the antiviral activities of potential COVID-19 oral treatments, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and N4-hydroxycytidine. Table 1. In Vitro Activity of AT-511 Against Various Human Coronaviruses Conclusion The data demonstrate the potent in vitro activity of AT-511 against several CoVs, with individual EC90 values ranging from 0.34 to 1.2 µM against HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and less activity against MERS-CoV (average EC90 = 36 µM). The potent in vitro antiviral activity of AT-511 against SARS-CoV-2 (EC90 = 0.55 µM), associated with the AT-527 safety profile in treated HCV patients, support the ongoing clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of AT-527 in COVID-19 patients. Disclosures Steven S. Good, MS, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Adel Moussa, PhD, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Xiao-Jian Zhou, PhD, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Keith Pietropaolo, B.A., Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Jean-Pierre Sommadossi, PhD, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Board Member)

Peripheral neural interfaces are used to connect the peripheral nervous system to high-tech robotic devices and computer interfaces. Soft materials are nowadays used to build the main structural part of these interfaces because they are able to mimic the mechanical properties of peripheral nerves. However, if on the one hand soft materials provide effective connections, reducing mechanical mismatch with nervous tissues and creating a close contact between active sites and neural fibers, on the other hand, most of them are not mechanically stable during implantation. As a consequence, tungsten (W) microneedles are used to insert soft neural interfaces, because they are able to pierce the peripheral nervous tissue because of their high stiffness. Nevertheless, this stiffness cannot prevent microneedles from local microscopic structural damage, even after successful insertions. In addition, the nature of this damage is not totally clear. Therefore, this work aimed at quantitatively investigating the phenomenological changes of the microneedles’ tip shape after insertion into the in vivo peripheral nerves. In particular, a quantification of the interactions between peripheral nerves and W microneedles was proposed through the Oliver-Pharr formula, and the interaction force was found to be directly proportional to the power < m > = 2.124 of the normalized indentation depth. Moreover, an experimental correlation between insertion force and the opening tip angle was described together with an assessment of the minimum diameter to effectively puncture the peripheral nervous tissue. Finally, a computational framework was presented to describe the local changes affecting the microneedles’ tip shape. This approach was able to detect a bulging phenomenon along with the microneedle tips with a characteristic amplitude of approximately 100 μm, and a folding phenomenon, with a characteristic mean amplitude of less than 20 μm, affecting the extreme ending sections of the microneedle tips. These geometrical changes were related to the synergistic action of interaction forces likely resulting in compression and elastic instability of the tip.

Abstract Extensive trials of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown that they improve progression-free survival in patients with various cancers, including ovarian cancers. This improvement is marked in patients carrying BRCA mutations, and in Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) subgroups. To date, identifying patients eligible for PARPi has been a challenge for scientific and clinical teams using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and the persistence of genomic scars in tumors after restoration of proficient HR or epigenetic changes is a limitation of NGS. Functional assays could be used to improve the profiling of HR status and faithfully identify HRD tumors. The Repair Capacity Test assesses the formation of RAD51 foci in proliferating cells after irradiation and can be used on fresh primary cancer tissues irradiated ex vivo as well as on Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids (PDTO). However, RAD51 foci scoring is often performed manually without any possibility for the standardization of techniques. By contrast, recent progress in whole slide imaging referring to scan a complete microscope slide and creating a single high-resolution digital file, could represent an opportunity for automatizing the evaluation of HR. The purpose of this translational study was to develop an automated tool for scoring RAD51-mediated homologous recombination, to use this tool on ovarian PDTO and to compare the result to the sensitivity to olaparib (PARPi), determined by direct exposure of PDTO to the drug. We show that immunofluorescence of RAD51 foci can be automatically detected and quantified in Cyclin A2 positive nuclei in all the cells of each PDTO slice thus offering a new opportunity for the routine management and standardization of HR assessment in PDTO that goes beyond the widely used manual estimation. Finally, this automated scoring will be optimized to directly assess HR on tumor slices to make the Repair Capacity Test a highly relevant functional precision oncology tool to identify patients who will benefit from PARPi. Citation Format: Lucie Thorel, Pierre-Marie Morice, Nicolas Elie, Louis-Bastien Weiswald, Romane Florent, Florence Giffard, Margaux Jacobs, Agathe Ricou, Raphaël Leman, Guillaume Babin, Jean-François Lebrun, Sandrine Martin, Mélanie Briand, Benoit Goudergues, Bernard Lambert, Cécile Blanc-Fournier, Dominique Vaur, Benoit Plancoulaine, Laurent Poulain. Automated scoring to assess RAD51-mediated homologous recombination in patient-derived tumor organoids of ovarian cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6112.

Background:Bartonellosis is an emerging anthropozoonosis caused by infection with intracellular Gram-negativeBartonellaspecies. It leads to necrotizing granulomas and endothelial damage and causes acute and chronic human diseases, such as cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis and endocarditis. Endocarditis due toBartonella henselaeandB. quintanais reported to produce anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) that disappear with effective antimicrobial treatment.Objectives:Hypothesizing a role forBartonellainfection in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), which also includes granulomatous and vascular inflammation, we studied the seroprevalence of 5Bartonellaspecies in patients with AAV.Methods:The study used plasma samples from patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis that were enrolled in the Rituximab for AAV (RAVE) trial and from healthy controls living in the United States. Western blot assays were used for serological testing of infection withB. quintana,B. henselaeHouston-1,B. elizabethae,B. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiiandB. alsatica. The associations of positive serology results and AAV were expressed as odds ratios (OR). Clinical characteristics of seropositive and seronegative patients, assessed by the BVAS/WG instrument, were compared. These comparisons were done for 9 organ systems; in case they showed differences withP<0.10, the corresponding organ system-specific clinical features were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test or Student’s t-test, as appropriate.Results:We analyzed blood samples of 187 patients with AAV (collected at start of the trial) and of 127 controls. There were no significant differences between the cases and controls for mean age (P=0.148) and proportion of males (P=0.36).Bartonellaspp. serological testing was positive for 112 (60%) cases and 40 (31%) controls (OR 3.25 [95% CI 2.02–5.22],P<0.001). Significant associations were also found within subsets of PR3-AAV (OR 4.00 [95% CI 2.37–6.76],P<0.001), MPO-AAV (OR 2.18 [95% CI 1.17–4.06],P=0.017), newly-diagnosed (OR 3.89 [95% CI 2.21–6.86],P<0.001) and relapsing disease (OR 2.86 [95% CI 1.65–4.98],P<0.001). Species-specific positive serological testing was found in particular againstB. henselae(cases: 27%, controls: 0.8%; OR 39.93 [95% CI 5.42–293.90];P<0.001). Compared to AAV patients without seropositivity forBartonellaspp., AAV patients testing seropositive forBartonellaspp. had significantly more bloody nasal discharge (P=0.046), sinus involvement (P=0.035) and conjunctivitis/episcleritis (P=0.016).Conclusion:This study reveals higher seroprevalence ofBartonella, especiallyB. henselae, in patients with AAV than in healthy controls. Although cross-reactivity ofBartonellawith other microorganisms cannot be excluded, these results may support an etiopathogenic role ofBartonellainfection in AAV that deserves further investigation.Disclosure of Interests:Alfred Mahr Consultant of: Celgene, Speakers bureau: Roche, Chugai, Sophie Edouard: None declared, Divi Cornec: None declared, Solange GONZALEZ-CHIAPPE: None declared, Jörg Goronzy: None declared, Philippe Guilpain: None declared, Carol Langford: None declared, Pierre-Yves Lévy: None declared, Peter A. Merkel: None declared, Paul Monach: None declared, E. William St. Clair: None declared, Philip Seo: None declared, Robert Spiera Grant/research support from: Roche-Genetech, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chemocentryx, Corbus, Forbius, Sanofi, Inflarx, Consultant of: Roche-Genetech, GSK, CSL Behring, Sanofi, Janssen, Chemocentryx, Forbius, Mistubishi Tanabe, Cornelia Weyand: None declared, John H. Stone Grant/research support from: Roche, Consultant of: Roche, Didier Rauolt: None declared, Ulrich Specks: None declared

The cattle industry primarily employs embryo bisection in order to obtain genetic samples for pre-implantation screening and selection of embryos. Although practical and rapid, bisection is invasive and adversely affects embryo viability and cryopreservation. An alternative biopsy approach is to aspirate the blastocoele fluid (referred to as blastocentesis), which not only provides a genetic sample, but also has the potential to improve cryopreservation (Palini et al. 2013 Repro. Biomed. 26, 603–610). This study investigates blastocentesis as a low impact biopsy procedure to rapidly sample bovine blastocysts with limited effect on embryo cryopreservation survival. In vitro-produced embryos were selected at expanded blastocyst stage and placed in a 50-μL drop of holding media on an inverted microscope. The embryo was held using a glass holding pipette attached to a micromanipulator, oriented so that the inner cell mass was toward the bottom of the view. A 7-μm spiked intracytoplasmic sperm injection pipette attached to the other micro-manipulator was used to pierce the blastocoele cavity and aspirate the blastocoele fluid. Once removed, the aspirate was transferred into 4-μL TE buffer for later genetic analysis. Collapsed blastocysts were then vitrified in ~7 μL 16.5% ethylene glycol, 16.5% dimethyl sulfoxide in TCM-199 (Hanks salts) with 20% FCS and 0.5 M sucrose. Embryos were held for a minimum of 1 week and then thawed and assessed for survival. Post-cryopreservation embryo survival was measured as the proportion of embryos that re-expanded after 48 h in culture. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical testing. A total of 181 control (intact) and 182 blastocentesis embryos were vitrified over 6 replicates. In all but one replicate, non-biopsied control embryos had higher re-expansion rates. Overall, the re-expansion rate was significantly (P = 0.05) higher for control embryos (73.5%) than blastocentesis embryos (61.5%) (Table 1). Initial experiments would suggest embryo survival is affected by the biopsy procedure; however, because this was not the case with every replicate, this may be batch or technician/human error dependent. Further study is required to assess full effect of blastocoele fluid aspiration on embryo cryopreservation, particularly investigating effectiveness for in vivo-produced embryos and subsequent effect on pregnancy rates. Likewise, further investigation is required to assess whether the sample collected is sufficient to allow accuracy over a variety of genetic tests. More than 20 embryos can easily be sampled in an hour using this technique, making it a rapid and efficient process. Given the speed and compatibility with cryopreservation, this sampling procedure may offer an alternative to current techniques used for cattle embryo genetic assessment. Table 1. Post-thaw survival rates of in vitro-produced embryos vitrified after blastocentesis1

Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP), through G-protein-coupled receptors, control metabolism and many physiological and pathological conditions. Once EOP are linked to their receptors, above all µ-opioid receptor (MOR), a block of the Ca2+ channel occurs (Sciorsci et al. 2000 Immunopharm. Immunotox. 22, 575–626). The disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis interferes with many Ca2+-mediated/dependent actions. Our previous studies demonstrated the presence of MOR in human, bovine, and equine oocytes, in sperm cells of several species (equine, canine, etc.), in mare's tube, in ovine, bovine and mouse embryos. The presence of MOR on the male canine gamete lets us hypothesize its presence on the female gamete, too. In this study we demonstrated the presence of MOR on canine oocytes by immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot (WB) analysis, and we speculate on its possible functional role. Canine ovaries were obtained from healthy bitches randomly chosen among those arriving at our veterinary hospital for surgical ovariectomy without considering the period of their reproductive cycle. Oocytes were collected by ovary slicing and tested to check for the presence of MOR. For IF, oocytes were washed in 100 mm glycine in PBS and incubated for 30 min in PBS-1% BSA. Control oocytes were incubated with primary rabbit polyclonal antibody against the rat 3rd extracellular loop of MOR (Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA). All oocytes were incubated for 2 h at room temperature with a FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG-secondary antibody diluted 1:200 in Evans blue/PBS, washed, and visualized by laser scanning confocal microscope. For the WB, crude plasma membranes were obtained from pools of oocytes. They were lysed in Laemli buffer and loaded on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels. After electrophoresis, proteins were electrotransferred (semi-dry apparatus, BioRad, Milano, IT) to Immobilon-P membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Filters were blocked for 1 h and blotted overnight at 4�C against the same primary antibody used for IF, diluted 1:7500 in blocking buffer. After washing, membranes were incubated with a 1:10 000 dilution of peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Reactive bands were visualized by Supersignal West Pico Chemiluminescent substrate (Pierce, Milano, IT). A negative control was performed. The IF highlighted, by clear brilliant green, the MOR's localization on canine oocytes. The negative control did not present any fluorescent region or spotted coloring. The WB revealed the presence of one immunoreactive band of approximately 65 kDa, thus confirming the results obtained by IF. No reactivity was evident when the primary antibody was adsorbed with an excess of immunizing peptide. The presence of MOR on canine oocytes indicates its possible role in the modulation of oocyte metabolism. These data strongly confirm previous evidence from our research unit on the involvement of the opioidergic system during gamete development and interaction, thus allowing us to speculate on a primary role of MOR in controlling key events of the reproductive activity.

Abstract This study reports a deep-reactive-ion-etched microneedle device (ExoNeedle chip) coated with a hybrid hydrogel that can directly capture cancer-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) in interstitial fluid (ISF) in a minimally invasive manner, as opposed to conventional liquid biopsy methods involving sample extraction and EV isolation in-vitro or tissue biopsies for melanoma. Tumor derived EVs give insight into a tumor’s mutational burden and provide both prognostic and diagnostic value as a liquid biopsy tool. Melanoma is an aggressive cancer with a lack of promising markers for early detection, onset of metastasis, and monitoring of recurrence. The ExoNeedle chip is intended to pierce through the epidermis and parts of the dermis to isolate melanoma secreted EVs from the ISF to alleviate these unmet needs. The microneedle arrays were created through the Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) process and a subsequent wet etching step to sharpen the needles. A 4 inch silicon wafer spin coated with 3 microns of positive photoresist was lithographically patterned and etched by DRIE using the standard Bosch processes to expose arrays of cylindrical pillars. Next, the cylindrical features were sharpened using an isotropic wet etch consisting of a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acid. The microneedle arrays were made and cleaved into individual patches. Meanwhile, hybrid hydrogel solution was made from Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate by dissolving each of them separately in water under heat, followed by mixing the solutions. After centrifuging and filtering the hydrogel, it was conjugated with Annexin V (Av) protein to give it affinity for cancerous exosomes. Lastly, this hydrogel complex was added onto the microneedle patches and gelated with the help of a humidifier that deposited Ca2+ ion vapor over the hydrogel. The microneedles were first optimized and validated using melanoma cell line secreted EVs. Melanoma EVs were successfully isolated and quantified to evaluate the efficacy of the microneedle patches yielding above an 80% capture efficiency from purified serum samples. The microneedle patches were DiO stained, fluorescently imaged, visualized in a scanning electron microscope, and protein concentration was determined respectfully. Additionally, the functional hydrogel coatings on the microneedles are dissolved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), subsequently unbinding EVs from Av due to EDTA-based Ca2+ chelation. The dissolved solution is then used for enumeration and quantification of EVs by nanoparticle tracking analysis. We are further validating these patches in skin mimicking models and patient derived xenograft models of melanoma. The technology developed in this study for the isolation of melanoma EVs can broadly pave the way for minimally invasive point of care cancer diagnostics and tracking for melanoma patients. Citation Format: Scott M. Smith, Abha Kumari, Thiago Reis, Yoon-Tae Kang, Sunitha Nagrath. Deep reactive ion etched microneedle array for in-vivo melanoma cancer monitoring via cancer exosome isolation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3297.

<p><strong>Background:<em> </em></strong>Superficial and cutaneous mycoses are very common among the populations in many African countries. Even though it has not been regarded as a significant problem since the disease is not life-threatening, it may be particularly distressing for the children. The aim of this study was to identify important etiologic agents, proportion of clinical manifestations and related risk factors of superficial and cutaneous mycoses.</p><p><strong>Methods:<em> </em></strong>A case control prospective study was conducted among children of age 4-14 from January to June, 2017.A total of 240 children were included in the study. Out of these 120 children who visited Orotta Pediatric hospital for cases apart from skin infections were used as control group and the remaining 120 were children suspected with fungal skin infection who attended Halibet referral hospital. Nail, skin and scalp scrapings were collected and subjected for microscopic examination and culture-based laboratory diagnosis. The associated risk factors which can lead to skin mycoses were also analysed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Among 120 suspected cases, 87.5% children were positive for superficial cutaneous mycoses out of which 59.2% were males and 40.8% were females. The most prevalent dermatophyte observed was <em>Trichophyton v</em><em>e</em><em>rrucosum </em>(15.2%) whereas <em>Trichosporon </em>sp. (40%) was predominant among non-dermatophytes. Most of the infections occurred between age groups 4-6 (32.5%). Tinea capitis<em> </em>was the most common disease (57.5%) among the cutaneous mycotic infections, whereas white Piedra (40%) was predominant among the superficial mycotic infections. The important risk factors were intimate association with livestock or pet (50%), playing with children having skin infection (73.3%), sharing of beds (92.5%), sharing of combs (75.3%) and sharing of towels (80.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study clearly shows that tinea capitis was the predominant clinical finding in children and <em>T. verrucosum </em>was<em> </em>the most common fungus among dermatophytes. At least five risk factors were statistically significant out of all. So public health workers should give attention for increasing the knowledge of society regarding the mode of transmission of skin mycoses, hygiene behaviour and associated risk factors.</p>

Abstract Background: A histologic finding of large cell transformation (LCT) in Mycosis fungoides (MF) is often associated with an aggressive clinical course and inferior prognosis (Arulogun et al. Blood 2008). In patients (pts) with advanced MF (stage IIB-IV), LCT has been established as an independent prognostic factor (Scarisbrick et al. JCO 2015). Although CD30 expression is observed more frequently in MF with LCT vs without LCT, a wide range of CD30 expression levels is observed in LCT lesions and the level of expression lacks prognostic value for MF (Vergier et al. Blood. 2000). The ALCANZA study (NCT01578499) demonstrated significantly better rates of objective response lasting ≥4 months (ORR4) (∆43.8%; p<0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (16.7 months vs 3.5 months; p<0.0001) with brentuximab vedotin vs physician's choice (PC) of oral methotrexate or bexarotene in adults with previously treated CD30+ MF or primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Prince et al. Lancet 2017). Despite variability in CD30 expression, significant improvements in ORR4 and PFS were consistently seen with brentuximab vedotin over PC, across all CD30 expression levels in pts with MF. This post-hoc analysis characterized the proportion of pts with LCT, efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in pts with LCT and relationship to CD30 expression. Methods: Analyses were performed on skin biopsies taken from 98 pts with previously treated CD30+ MF who were randomized 1:1 to receive brentuximab vedotin or PC. CD30 expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry on samples obtained during screening of pts for the ALCANZA study. LCT status at baseline was assessed using ≥2 biopsies obtained at screening; pts were deemed to have LCT if any biopsy showed presence of LCT (large cells - with nuclei ≥4 times larger than those of normal lymphocytes - present in >25% of total dermal infiltrate or forming microscopic nodules). Objective response rates lasting ≥4 months (ORR4), PFS, and safety endpoints were assessed according to LCT and CD30 expression. Results: Baseline demographics and LCT status by disease stage are described in Table 1. In both arms, 17/49 pts (35%) pts had LCT, and LCT was found more frequently in stage IIB pts (59% [brentuximab vedotin] and 41% [PC]). Brentuximab vedotin improved ORR4 vs PC in pts with LCT (11/17 [64.7%] vs 3/17 [17.6%]; p=0.006) and without LCT (12/31 [38.7%] vs 2/31 [6.5%]; p=0.003) (Table 2). Median PFS improved with brentuximab vedotin vs PC in pts with LCT (15.5 vs 2.8 months; HR=0.304; 95% CI 0.139, 0.668; p=0.002) and without LCT (16.1 vs 3.5 months; HR=0.364; 95% CI 0.200, 0.662; p<0.001). Median PFS follow-up times were 26.0 months (both arms, pts without LCT), 36.0 months (brentuximab vedotin arm, pts with LCT), and not estimable (PC arm, pts with LCT). Grade ≥3 adverse event (AE), drug-related grade ≥3 AE and serious AE rates were similar across LCT status groups (Table 2), and CD30 expression levels and were not associated with treatment-emergent AEs in the brentuximab vedotin arm. In pts with LCT, median average CD30 expression was 50% of total dermal infiltrate (range 3-95%) in the brentuximab vedotin arm and 35% (6.3-97.5%) in the PC arm (Figure 1), although pts with high baseline average CD30 expression (upper tercile of all enrolled MF pts) were more likely to have LCT; in the high CD30 expression sub-group, 56% and 64% of pts had LCT in the brentuximab vedotin and PC arms, respectively. Globally, pts with LCT treated with brentuximab vedotin who achieved an ORR4 had higher median average baseline CD30 levels (65%) vs pts who did not attain ORR4 (20%). Of the pts with LCT who achieved an ORR4, 9/11 pts in the brentuximab vedotin arm had baseline average CD30 expression levels ≥40%, but responses were also noted in the 2 pts with low average CD30 levels (10% and 17.5%). Conclusions: Previously, there were limited data on the relationship between LCT status and clinical outcome or CD30 expression in MF pts treated with brentuximab vedotin. Our analyses demonstrated that pts with MF benefitted from brentuximab vedotin regardless of LCT status. A wide range of CD30 expression levels was observed in pts with MF and LCT. In these pts, high baseline CD30 expression levels were generally predictive of a good response to treatment with brentuximab vedotin although meaningful responses were observed in those with lower CD30 levels. Disclosures Kim: Merck: Research Funding; Eisai: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Tetralogic: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Innate Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; miRagen: Research Funding; Medivir: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kyowa-Kirin-Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Horizon Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Portola: Research Funding; Soligenix: Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Galderma: Research Funding; Forty Seven Inc: Research Funding; Neumedicine: Consultancy, Research Funding. Prince:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Cilag: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Whittaker:Galderma: Research Funding. Horwitz:Trillium: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Spectrum: Research Funding; Infinity/Verastem: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kyowa-Hakka-Kirin: Consultancy, Research Funding; Aileron Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Forty Seven: Consultancy, Research Funding; Portola: Consultancy; Mundipharma: Consultancy; Innate Pharma: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Corvus: Consultancy. Duvic:UT MD Anderson Cancer Center: Employment; Shape: Research Funding; Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy; Forty Seven, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Precision Oncology, LLC: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Aclaris Therapeutics Int'l Ltd.: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MEDACorp: Consultancy; Cell Medica Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria; Medscape: Other: Speaker/Preceptor; Array Biopharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; American Council on Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ACE): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Medivir AB: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Spatz Foundation: Research Funding; Rhizen Pharma: Research Funding; Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (A.K.A. Promius Pharma): Consultancy; Mallinckrddt Pharmaceuticals (formerly Therakos): Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; The Lynx Group: Consultancy; MiRagen Therapeutics: Consultancy; Guidepoint Global: Consultancy; Soligenix, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Huya Bioscience Int'l: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Evidera, Inc.: Consultancy; Huron Consulting Group: Consultancy; Defined Health: Consultancy; Taiwan Liposome Company LTD: Consultancy; Jonathan Wood & Associates: Other: Speaker; Celgene Corp: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eisai: Research Funding; Allos: Research Funding; Oncoceuticals: Research Funding; Tetralogics: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Clinical Care Options: Consultancy. Bechter:MSD: Consultancy; Pierre Fabre: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Stadler:ICN: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Incmited: Consultancy; Johnson and Johnson: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Scarisbrick:Takeda harmaceuticals: Consultancy. Zinzani:Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Verastem: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MSD: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; PFIZER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astra Zeneca: Speakers Bureau; TG Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; SERVIER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; PFIZER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celltrion: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; TG Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Eradat:Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Ortiz-Romero:Actelion: Consultancy; Innate Pharma: Consultancy; 4SC: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; MEDA: Research Funding; Patent of PLG1 mutation for diagnostic or treatment of cutaneous lymphomas: Patents & Royalties: Patent of PLG1 mutation for diagnostic or treatment of cutaneous lymphomas; Janssen: Other: Travel Expenses; Roche: Other: Travel Expenses; Abbvie: Other: Travel Expenses. Akilov:Kyowa Kirin: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Pfizer: Research Funding; Trillium Therapeutics: Research Funding; Actelion Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Trotman:PCYC: Research Funding; Jassen: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Beigene: Research Funding. Weichenthal:Takeda: Consultancy; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Research Funding; TEVA: Other: Grant. Fisher:Genetech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. McNeeley:Quest Diagnostics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gru:Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Wang:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Palanca-Wessels:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lisano:Seattle Genetics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Li:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Lin:Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment, Equity Ownership. Little:Takeda: Employment, Equity Ownership. Trepicchio:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Dummer:Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS): Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sun Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pierre Fabre: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck Sharp & Dhome (MSD): Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

The random first order transition theory (RFOT) describing the transition from a supercooled liquid to an ideal glass has been actively developed over the last twenty years. This theory is formulated in a way that allows a description of the transition from the initial equilibrium state to the final metastable state without considering any kinetic processes. The RFOT and its applications for real molecular systems (multicomponent liquids with various intermolecular potentials, gel systems, etc.) are widely represented in English-language sources. However, these studies are practically not described in any Russian sources. This paper presents an overview of the studies carried out in this field. REFERENCES 1. Sanditov D. S., Ojovan M. I. Relaxation aspectsof the liquid—glass transition. Uspekhi FizicheskihNauk. 2019;189(2): 113–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.2018.04.0383192. Tsydypov Sh. B., Parfenov A. N., Sanditov D. S.,Agrafonov Yu. V., Nesterov A. S. 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In this paper, we describe a visual feedback system using a stereoscopic microscope that controls a micromanipulator so that a needle head may pierce a target as much length as desired. At first, we developed an image processing algorithm for the tip of needle head to touch the target. Secondarily, we developed an algorithm for prediction of the tip position of the needle head within the target. By performing a preoperation, the shape of the needle head is preserved as a reference pattern. When the needle head piercing the target, the shape of the needle head within the target is predicted by pattern matching. Thus, we developed a microinjection system that axially pierces the target. Experimental results show that the proposed system may be useful in micromanipulation such as microinjection to brain areas in neuroanatomy.

ABSTRACTDuring the initial period after disposal, in which no mass transfer occurs with environmental materials, spent fuel undergoes modifications mainly arising from the effects of α self-irradiation damage. To simulate this aging phenomenon and estimate the consequences on the matrix, an experimental study was carried out in which old UO2 samples doped with short-lived actinides were characterized and analyzed. Changes that occur rapidly at the beginning of the aging process were identified in two lots of actinide-doped samples. Volume and microscopic swelling increased, reaching a maximum relative level of 1.5%. At the same damage level, microscopic swelling remained below 0.9%, suggesting that helium formation and atomic defects have a role in this regard. Similarly, the sample microhardness rapidly increased by up to more than 12%. Characterizing 238PuO2 sources showed at very high integrated and instantaneous doses, irradiation damage and helium accumulation at the grain boundaries resulted in grain decohesion or even powder formation. Helium mobility appeared to be modified by the presence of defects, and local implantation experiments were devised in the CEA's Pierre Süe Laboratory at Saclay to quantify this thermally enhanced diffusion component. The physical condition of the sintered PuO2 pellets after 30 years of storage revealed a purely athermal diffusion mechanism, depending on the sample α activity.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar in vitro mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido el espesor del esmalte después de realizar el pulido de la resina residual al momento de retirar los brackets y así determinar qué tipo de fresa causa menos daño a la superficie del esmalte. Se analizaron 67 premolares superiores e inferiores humanos que fueron extraídos por motivos ortodóncicos y se comparó cinco tipos de fresas: fresa de diamante de grano fino, fresa de diamante de grano grueso, piedra de Arkansas, fresa de carburo tungsteno y fresa de fibra de vidrio, las mismas que fueron utilizadas con instrumentos de baja y alta velocidad al momento de realizar el protocolo de pulido para eliminación la resina residual después del tratamiento de ortodoncia. Una vez que se obtuvo las muestras, el método de análisis fue realizado mediante cortes en el microscopio electrónico de barrido para evaluar el espesor del esmalte. Mediante las microfotografías del esmalte obtenidas se observó el tipo de desgaste que causa cada fresa en la superficie del esmalte y también se apreció que las fresas empleadas en instrumentos de alta velocidad causaron mayor agresión en comparación a las fresas empleadas en instrumentos de baja velocidad. Se llegó a la conclusión que la fresa de diamante grano grueso es la que mayor desgaste causó y la fresa de fibra de vidrio fue la que menos desgastó consiguiendo un pulido más conservador.

The ultrastructure of the ascus, ascospores and appendages of Nimbospora bipolaris were examined at the transmission electron microscope level. The mature ascus wall comprises a single narrow electron-opaque layer which deliquesces and lacks an apical elaboration. Ascospore walls comprise a bipartite mesosporium, a thinner electron-opaque episporium and an outer mucilaginous sheath. Before release from the ascus the mucilaginous sheath is compact and folded. The fibrillar, trailing ascospore appendages are arranged in eight equidistant tufts around the circumference of the septum, originate from the mesosporium and emerge through pores in the episporium. In early stages of development the appendages are retained within the mucilaginous sheath but upon release from the ascus the sheath expands and the appendages pierce the sheath and radiate out to form their characteristic appearance. Ascospore ontogeny in N. bipolaris is compared with other appendaged members of the Halosphaeriaceae.

We report a combined experimental and computational study of a low constraint aluminum single crystal fracture geometry and investigate the near-tip stress and strain fields. To this end, a single edge notched tensile (SENT) specimen is considered. A notch, with a radius of 50μm, is taken to lie in the (010) plane and its front is aligned along the [101] direction. Experiments are conducted by subjecting the specimen to tensile loading using a special fixture inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. Both SEM micrographs and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) maps are obtained from the near-tip region. The experiments are complemented by performing 3D and 2D plane strain finite element simulations within a continuum crystal plasticity framework assuming an isotropic hardening response characterized by the Pierce–Asaro–Needleman model. The simulations show a distinct slip band forming at about 55deg with respect to the notch line corresponding to slip on (11¯1)[011] system, which corroborates well with experimental data. Furthermore, two kink bands occur at about 45deg and 90deg with respect to the notch line within which large rotations in the crystal orientation take place. These predictions are in good agreement with the EBSD observations. Finally, the near-tip angular variations of the 3D stress and plastic strain fields in the low constraint SENT fracture geometry are examined in detail.