Bibliographies thématiques / Picea sitchensi

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Picea sitchensi »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Picea sitchensi"

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Bräuner, Lise, Preben Hoffmeyer et Lise Poulsson. « Mechanical Properties of Picea sitchensis ». Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827580050160565.

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Harmon, Mark E. « Retention of needles and seeds on logs in Picea sitchensis – Tsuga heterophylla forests of coastal Oregon and Washington ». Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no 6 (1 juin 1989) : 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-231.

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Logs are a major seedbed in Picea sitchensis – Tsuga heterophylla forests; therefore, the interception and retention of seeds on these surfaces is a potential limitation on tree recruitment. The ability of log surfaces within Picea – Tsuga forests to retain needles and seeds was studied at Cascade Head Experimental Forest, Oregon. Moss- and litter-covered surfaces retained many (48–98%) of the seeds and needles placed on them, but rotten wood, sound wood, and bark of Tsuga heterophylla, Picea sitchensis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii retained few (0–8%). Examination of logs mapped in five Picea sitchensis – Tsuga heterophylla stands in Oregon and Washington indicated a mean projected log cover of 9.9%. Thin (<5 cm) and thick (>5 cm) moss mats were the most abundant log surfaces and covered 59 and 25% of the logs, respectively. Analysis of data on seedbed coverage, retentive characteristics, and seedbed-specific seedling survival indicated approximately 1% of a seed cohort would survive the 1st year on log surfaces.
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Milne, R. « Dynamics of swaying of Picea sitchensis ». Tree Physiology 9, no 3 (1 octobre 1991) : 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/9.3.383.

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Weng, Chengyu, et Stephen T. Jackson. « Species differentiation of North American spruce (Picea) based on morphological and anatomical characteristics of needles ». Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no 11 (1 novembre 2000) : 1367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-111.

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Differentiation of most North American spruce (Picea) species can be done based on needle morphology and anatomy. Picea breweriana S. Watson, Picea chihuahuana Martìnez, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Picea martinezii Patterson, and Picea rubens Sarg. needles have two continuous resin ducts extending from near the base to near the tip. Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea pungens Engelm., Picea mexicana Martìnez, and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. needles have variable numbers of short, intermittent resin ducts or sacs. Within each of these groups, most species could be differentiated based on cross-sectional shape, resin-duct diameter, and resin-duct position. Picea mariana and P. rubens, and P. glauca and P. engelmannii are two pairs with similar needles, but they can be differentiated using linear discriminant analysis based on resin-duct diameter and position in cross section. Paleoecological and paleoclimatological studies may be facilitated by species-level identification of plant macrofossils because of different ecological adaptations of each species. Resin-duct continuity patterns are generally consistent with current taxonomic classifications, except for P. glauca. Based on our results, together with DNA and crossing studies, P. glauca is apparently more closely related to P. engelmannii and P. sitchensis than to P. rubens and P. mariana, with which it is often classified. Picea pungens is probably more distantly related to P. engelmannii than has been assumed in some previous classifications. Picea martinezii and P. chihuahuana may be very closely related to each other.Key words: spruce, Picea, North America, needle, resin duct, anatomy.
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Page, C. N., et R. C. Hollands. « The taxonomic and biogeographic position of Sitka spruce ». Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no 1-2 (1987) : 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006242.

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Brown, Garth R., Craig H. Newton et John E. Carlson. « Organization and distribution of a Sau3A tandem repeated DNA sequence in Picea (Pinaceae) species ». Genome 41, no 4 (1 août 1998) : 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-054.

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Repeated DNA families contribute to the large genomes of coniferous trees but are poorly characterized. We report the analysis of a 142 bp tandem repeated DNA sequence identified by the restriction enzyme Sau3A and found in approximately 20 000 copies in Picea glauca. Southern hybridization indicated that the repeated DNA family is specific to the genus, was amplified early in its evolution, and has undergone little structural alteration over evolutionary time. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized arrays of the Sau3A repeating element to the centromeric regions of different subsets of the metaphase chromosomes of P. glauca and the closely related Picea sitchensis, suggesting that mechanisms leading to the intragenomic movement of arrays may be more active than those leading to mutation of the repeating elements themselves. Unambiguous identification of P. glauca and P. sitchensis chromosomes was made possible by co-localizing the Sau3A tandem repeats and the genes encoding the 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S ribosomal RNAs.Key words: Picea, repeated DNA, in situ hybridization, centromere.
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SHEPPARD, L. J., et M. G. R. CANNELL. « Performance and Frost Hardiness of Picea sitchensis × Picea glauca Hybrids in Scotland ». Forestry 58, no 1 (1985) : 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/58.1.67.

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Kerhoulas, Lucy P., Ariel S. Weisgrau, Emily C. Hoeft et Nicholas J. Kerhoulas. « Vertical gradients in foliar physiology of tall Picea sitchensis trees ». Tree Physiology 40, no 3 (24 janvier 2020) : 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz137.

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Abstract In tall conifers, leaf structure can vary dramatically with height due to decreasing water potential (Ψ) and increasing light availability. This variation in leaf structure can have physiological consequences such as increased respiratory costs, reduced internal carbon dioxide conductance rates and ultimately reduced maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax). In Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière, the leaf structure varies along the vertical gradient in ways that suggest compensatory changes to enhance photosynthesis, and this variation seems to be driven largely by light availability rather than by Ψ. These trends in leaf structure coupled with remarkably fast growth rates and dependence on moist environments inspire two important questions about P. sitchensis: (i) does foliar water uptake minimize the adverse effects of decreasing Ψ with height on leaf structure, and (ii) do trends in leaf structure increase photosynthetic rates despite increasing height? To answer these questions, we measured foliar water uptake capacity, predawn (Ψpd) and midday water potential and gas-exchange rates as they varied between 25- and 89-m heights in 300-year-old P. sitchensis trees in northwestern California. Our major findings for P. sitchensis include the following: (i) foliar water uptake capacity was quite high relative to published values for other woody species; (ii) foliar water uptake capacity increased between the crown base and treetop; (iii) wet season Ψpd was higher than predicted by the gravitational potential gradient, indicating foliar water uptake; and (iv) the maximum photosynthetic rate increased with height, presumably due to shifts in leaf structure between the crown base and treetop, mitigating height-related decreases in Amax. These findings suggest that together, the use of fog, dew and rain deposits on leaves and shifts in the leaf structure to conserve and possibly enhance photosynthetic capacity likely contribute to the rapid growth rates measured in this species.
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Hebda, Richard J. « British Columbia Vegetation and Climate History with Focus on 6 ka BP ». Géographie physique et Quaternaire 49, no 1 (30 novembre 2007) : 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033030ar.

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ABSTRACT British Columbia Holocene vegetation and climate is reconstructed from pollen records. A coastal Pinus contorta paleobiome developed after glacier retreat under cool and probably dry climate. Cool moist forests involving Picea, Abies, Tsuga spp., and Pinus followed until the early Holocene. Pseudotsuga menziesii arrived and spread in the south 10 000-9000 BP, and Picea sitchensis - Tsuga heterophylla forests developed in the north. T. heterophylla increased 7500-7000 BP, and Cupressaceae expanded 5000-4000 BP. Bogs began to develop and expland. Modern vegetation arose 4000-2000 BP. There were early Holocene grass and Artemisia communities at mid-elevations and pine stands at high elevations in southern interior B.C. Forests expanded downslope and lakes formed 8500-7000 BP. Modern forests arose 4500-4000 BP while lower and upper tree lines declined. In northern B.C. non-arboreal communities preceded middle Holocene Picea forests. Abies, Pinus and Picea mariana predominated at various sites after 4000 BP. At 6000 BP Tsuga heterophylla (south) and Picea sitchensis (north) dominated the coast and islands and Quercus garryana and Pseudotsuga on southeast Vancouver Island, but Thuja plicata was infrequent. Southern Interior Plateau vegetation at 6000 BP was more open than today at middle to lower elevations, whereas forests covered the Northern Interior Plateau. Picea forests occurred in northern B.C. Holocene climate phases were: 1) warm dry "xerothermic" ca. 9500-7000 BP, 2) warm moist "mesothermic" ca. 7000-4500 BP, 3) moderate and moist 4500-0 BP, with increasing moisture 8500-6000 BP and cooling (?increased moisture) 4500-3000 BP. B.Cs Hypsithermal had dry and wet stages; 6000 BP occurred in the warm and wet mesothermic stage.
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Lacourse, Terri, J. Michelle Delepine, Elizabeth H. Hoffman et Rolf W. Mathewes. « A 14,000 year vegetation history of a hypermaritime island on the outer Pacific coast of Canada based on fossil pollen, spores and conifer stomata ». Quaternary Research 78, no 3 (23 septembre 2012) : 572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.08.008.

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AbstractPollen and conifer stomata analyses of lake sediments from Hippa Island on the north coast of British Columbia were used to reconstruct the vegetation history of this small hypermaritime island. Between 14,000 and 13,230 cal yr BP, the island supported diverse herb–shrub communities dominated by Cyperaceae, Artemisia and Salix. Pinus contorta and Picea sitchensis stomata indicate that these conifers were present among the herb–shrub communities, likely as scattered individuals. Transition to open P. contorta woodland by 13,000 cal yr BP was followed by increases in Alnus viridis, Alnus rubra and P. sitchensis. After 12,000 cal yr BP, Pinus-dominated communities were replaced by dense P. sitchensis and Tsuga heterophylla forest with Lysichiton americanus and fern understory. Thuja plicata stomata indicate that this species was present by 8700 cal yr BP, but the pollen record suggests that its populations did not expand to dominate regional rainforests, along with Tsuga and Picea, until after 6600 cal yr BP. Conifer stomata indicate that species may be locally present for hundreds to thousands of years before pollen exceed thresholds routinely used to infer local species arrival. When combined, pollen and conifer stomata can provide a more accurate record of paleovegetation than either when used alone.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Picea sitchensi"

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Gale, Samantha. « The cryopreservation of Picea sitchensis germplasm ». Thesis, Abertay University, 2005. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/460ff7ff-fbd6-4e9b-93dd-addb29b13c77.

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Picea sitchensis is an important tree species for UK forestry and is at the forefront of prototype clonal breeding programs. These can only be implemented using in vitro, culture therefore cryopreservation technology development is imperative such that elite germplasm can be conserved, without compromise to genetic integrity, whilst phenotypic validation of selected genotypes is undertaken. Three explant types were transferred from the Northern Research station, Roslin to the University of Abertay, Dundee where cryopreservation testing was initiated. Each explant comprised of different anatomical complexities varying from the simplest dedifferentiated embryogenic suspensor masses, to matured somatic embryos and whole tissue shoot-tip apices. Before cryopreservation was initiated in vitro cultures were stabilised and characterised at UAD. Shoot cultures showed different growth responses between genotypes and between culture locations, but biochemical profiling of oxidative stress markers, ethylene and DNA methylation did not confirm stress or epigenetic change as the cause of these differences and physiological recalcitrance. A cryopreservation protocol, using a programmable freezer (Planar), was successfully developed and is reported for the first time for P. sitchensis embryogenic suspensor masses (ESM). Post-LN survival rates of up to 100% were observed in several genotypes. Encapsulation-dehydration was successfully utilised to cryopreserve P. sitchensis mature somatic embryos reported for the first time. Recovered embryos were able to re-initiate into dedifferentiated non-embryogenic masses (NEM) (up to 100%) and embryogenic suspensor masses (ESM) (up to 20% post -LN) as a source of material to mass multiply cryopreserved clonal offspring. Major steps were progressed for the most recalcitrant conifer explant in the project, shoot-tip apices, with essential pre-treatment steps established. Critical cryogenic factors were determined through thermal analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The study concluded with the initiation of technology transfer of cryopreservation methods to the Northern Research Station to establish the UK’s first conifer cryobank. These systems were preliminary validated. Further implementation will proceed out with the timescale of this project but based on recommendations generated from this thesis.
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Franckaitytė, Lina. « Nevietinių eglės rūšių produktyvumas, kokybė ir tinkamumas plantaciniams želdiniams ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100621_113024-14958.

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Magistro darbe tiriama galimybė veisti plantacinius želdinius iš svetimžemių eglių rūšių greitam medienos išauginimui Lietuvoje. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti sitkinės eglės (Picea sitchensis), baltosios eglės var. alberta (Picea gauca var. albertiana), raudonosios eglės (Picea rubens), ajaninės eglės (Picea jezoensis), tarprūšinių hibridų – paprastoji eglė x kanadinė eglė (Picea abies x Picea glauca), paprastoji eglė x baltoji eglė (Picea abies x Picea glauca var. albertiana) genotipų tinkamumą sutrumpintos rotacijos plantaciniams želdiniams. Darbo objektas – Rokų Kelmyno bandomieji želdiniai. Darbo metodai ir techninės priemonės – tyrimo metu buvo įvertinti medžių kokybiniai ir kiekybiniai požymiai bandomuosiuose želdiniuose naudojant tokius prietaisus ir metodus: aukštis - aukštimačiu, skersmuo – žerglėmis, kokybiniai požymiai buvo įvertinti pagal vizualaus medžių kokybinių požymių įvertinimo metodiką. Taip pat buvo atlikta šių duomenų statistinė analizė. Naudoti tokie metodai: aprašomosios statistikos rodiklių palyginimas ir tiesinė koreliacinė analizė. Darbo rezultatai. Picea sitchensis ir abu tarprūšiniai hibridai pasižymi didesniu skersmeniu ir aukščiu, taip pat didesniu tūriu, nei vietinė paprastoji eglė. 33 metų amžiuje Picea sitchensis produkuoja 540 m3/ha medienos, kas rodo jos tinkamumą trumpos apyvartos želdiniams. Picea glauda var. albertiana, Picea jezoensis, ir Picea rubens produktyvumas yra mažesnis nei Picea abies. Didžiausiu tiesių ir vienastiebių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This master thesis analyses possibility to cultivate exotic spruce plantations for shorten rotation forestry in Lithuania. Objective of the study was to find out suitability of Picea sitchensis, P. gauca var. albertiana, P. rubens, P. jezoensis, P. abies x P. glauca, P. abies x P. glauca (var. albertiana) for shorten rotation plantations. Object – Roku Kelmyno experimental forest area. Methods – such qualitative and quantitative tree parameters as height, diameter were assessed using clinometer and callipers. Qualitative parameters were assessed using visual tree qualitative parameters assessment methodics. All data was statistically analyzed. Methods used: comparison of descriptive statistics parameters and linear correlation analyzes. The results – Picea sitchensis and both interspecific hybrids have bigger diameter, height and volume parameters than local Norway spruce. Picea sitchensis produce 540 m3/ha of timber in 33 years, it shows suitability for shorten rotation plantations. Productivity of Picea glauda var. albertiana, Picea jezoensis, and Picea rubens is poor compared to Picea abies. Biggest percentage of straight and single-stemed trees were noticed in sitka spruce and both hybrids stands. Yezo spruce had the smallest percentage (62%) of healthy trees. Whereas the other tree species had percentage of healthy trees between 80 and 95. Branches positioned by blunt angle according the steam dominated in all stands and percentage of such trees was from 88 to 100. P... [to full text]
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Selby, Christopher. « Micropropagation of Sitka spruce : (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356923.

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Kennedy, Stuart G. « Improving the wood strength of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) through selective breeding ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=103124.

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Tree breeders worldwide have highlighted the importance of wood quality within the juvenile core in determining final timber strength. The potential for improving timber strength by estimating genetic parameters of certain wood properties of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) within the outer zone of the juvenile core was investigated. Fifteen trees were sampled from each of 33 families selected from a 20 year old open pollinated progeny trial. A number of wood properties critical to wood strength were measured; namely, density, grain angle, microfibril angle and branching characteristics. Clearwood stiffness and strength along with indirect measures of stiffness using acoustics and density using Pilodyn measurements were assessed. All wood properties were moderately heritable, wood density and acoustic velocity were the most heritable traits (h2 i 0.71 and 0.67 respectively). Genetic correlations showed that wood strength and stiffness were strongly correlated with wood density (0.86 and 1.04 respectively) and microfibril angle (-0.79 and -0.62 respectively). Acoustic velocity was strongly correlated with wood stiffness (0.81) and microfibril angle (- 0.83). The ability to select trees for wood stiffness with the use of acoustics along with the moderate inheritance of this trait should enable improvements in the wood quality of Sitka spruce. Despite the unfavourable correlation between growth rate and some key wood quality traits associated with timber strength, selection of certain families would enable modest gains to be made in both growth rate and wood quality.
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Drake, Pascal M. W. « Approaches to the genetic transformation of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320788.

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Holliday, Jason A. « Genomics of adaptation to local climate in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6729.

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Genecological studies in widely distributed tree species have revealed steep genetic clines along environmental gradients for traits related to adaptation to local climate. In the face of a changing climate, the ecological and economic importance of conifers necessitates an appraisal of how molecular genetic variation shapes quantitative trait variation. I have combined transcript profiling with association mapping to better understand the genomic architecture of adaptation to local climate in conifers, using Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) as a model. A microarray study during the fall hardening period revealed wholesale remodeling of the transcriptome within a population originating in the centre of the species range, and substantial variation in the autumn transcriptome was observed when populations from the northern and southern limits of the range were compared. Based on these data, a suite of candidate genes was selected and screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a panel of 24 individuals. A diverse array of biological processes were represented among the candidate genes, including stress response, carbohydrate, lipid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, light signal transduction, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Nucleotide diversity in Sitka spruce was approximately average for a conifer (π = 3.49 x 10⁻³), and linkage disequilibrium decayed rapidly. Tests of selective neutrality suggest widespread purifying selection within these candidate genes, though evidence for positive selection was detected within a few. In addition, I observed evidence for diversifying selection in 8% of the studied genes, which exhibited high population differentiation relative to the genome-wide average FST of 0.12. To identify genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in locally adaptive traits, an Illumina GoldenGate assay was used to genotype 768 SNPs in a mapping population comprised of 410 individuals from 12 geographical populations collected from across the species range. After correcting for population structure and relative kinship, associations were detected in 28 of the candidate genes, which cumulatively explained 28% and 34% of the phenotypic variance in cold hardiness and budset, respectively. Most notable among these associations were five genes putatively involved in light signal transduction, the key pathway regulating autumn growth cessation in perennials. This study represents a significant step toward the goal of characterizing the genomic underpinnings of adaptation to local climate in conifers, and provides a substantial resource for breeding and conservation genetics in a changing climate.
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Weatherhead, I. « Causes of graft failure in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374703.

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Page, Louise McBean. « Natural regeneration of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) under partial canopy ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU181384.

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This study set out to explore the relationships between overstorey canopy and regeneration with a view to recommending silvicultural prescriptions for transforming even-aged Sitka spruce stands to uneven-aged (irregular) stands and managing such stands. An experiment was established in Kingdrogan Forest, Perthshire in which six small (20 m diameter) circular gaps were created in a stand of 32 year olds Sitka spruce. Eight plots were established along a north south transect through the gap and which extended under the canopy on either side of the gap. Four plots were in the gap, two under the canopy north of the gap and two under the canopy south of the gap. Each plot contained three sub-plots which contained the following treatments: planting of Sitka spruce nursery grown transplants, artificial seeding and control. Germination, survival and growth of seedlings were monitored over subsequent growing seasons. Environmental monitoring was carried out for two years: namely canopy openness, temperature and soil moisture. Germination rates were fond to be highest in the light shade in the southern half of the gap although growth was highest in the sunny northern half of the gap. Almost no seedlings survived under the canopy. A complementary survey of older advance regeneration was carried out on two sites, Comlongan Forest in southwest Scotland and Tarenig in mid Wales. The survey looked at canopy density, characterised by canopy openness and basal area, and density and growth of natural regeneration. Canopy openness and basal area were not found to be significantly related. Basal area was a better indicator of both regeneration density and growth than canopy openness. It appeared that in order to encourage growth of the natural regeneration the stand should be kept at a basal area of 30m2ha-1 or less. This is less than the value (38m2ha -1) for a fully stocked stand. Tentative recommendations are made for the transformation of regular, even-aged stands of Sitka spruce into irregular stands.
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Meehan, Eamonn James. « Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) propagation technologies : their effects on genetic diversity ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486558.

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The aim of this smdy v,'as to assess the genetic diversity of Sitka spruce seedling populations as produced by commercial growers and to detennine what effects the propagation technologies ofrooted cuttings and somatic embryogenesis had on genetic diversity. Seedling populations ,,,ere produced consisting of one hundred seedlings' from each of three families of Washington provenance material and from each of three families of Queen Charlotte Islands provenance. Rooted cutting populations were produced from twelve cuttings from each of fifty randomly selected plants [rom each of the six families. Somatic embryogenesis derived populations (emblings) were produced and fifty populations were provided by Coillte from the three Washington provenance families which represented the maximum number of cell lines produced by a successful commercial grower. Significant phenotypical differences betwe.en zygotic seedlings were found at both family and provenance level after 19 months of grov.1h. All 300 genotypes were able to produce rooted cuttings indicating that no significant loss of genetic diversity in cuttings from two-year-old trees. Seven pairs of microsatellite primers were multiplexed to amplify polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci from needle samples of seedlings and emblings. Capillary electrophoresis of the products yielded data which were analysed according to the Infinite Allele Model and Stepwise Mutation Model. No significant differences were found, using either mutation model, between the genetic diversity values (observed heterozygosity, gene diversity, allelic richness and inbreeding coefficient (Fis)) for the seedling populations and somatic embryogenesis derived populations. A low level of microsatellite variation was found to occur within mature individual trees and within somatic embryogenesis derived populations. The extent of microsatellite variation was found to be dependent on locus and genotype. The propagation technologies of somatic embryogenesis and rooted cuttings do not cause a loss of genetic diversity in the resulting populations.
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Hamilton, Jill Adelle. « Genomic and phenotypic architecture of a spruce hybrid zone (Picea sitchensis x P. glauca) ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43001.

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Natural hybrid zones may be viewed as important biological systems for examining the role of selection in creating and maintaining species differences. Where ecological differences exist between hybridizing species, these zones may provide useful insight into the genetic architecture of important traits involved in adaptation. I have evaluated the genomic and phenotypic architecture of the economically and ecologically important Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) x P. glauca (white spruce) hybrid zone along the Nass and Skeena river valleys in northwestern British Columbia using chloroplast and mitochondrial markers, twelve microsatellite loci (SSRs), and 268 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in combination with morphological variation, and phenotypic data from a common garden. Maternally- and paternally-inherited organelle markers, in combination with bi-parentally inherited nuclear markers, were used to estimate both the historic and contemporary direction and extent of gene flow within the hybrid zone. Sitka spruce mitotype ‘capture’ throughout the introgression zone point towards asymmetric gene flow, congruent with microsatellites and SNPs, indicating extensive long-term introgression and widespread recombination with more Sitka spruce than white spruce ancestry in hybrid populations. Significant clinal variation was observed for marker-based hybrid indices and morphological traits associated with climate and geography, while growth and cold hardiness traits evaluated in a common garden exhibited weak to non-significant clines. These results indicate extrinsic selection appears to play a strong role in the distribution and structure of this hybrid zone, which fits expectations for the environmentally-determined bounded hybrid superiority model of hybrid zone maintenance. However, intrinsic mechanisms of hybrid zone maintenance could not be ruled out. Finally, broad-scale patterns of variation, combined with fine-scale analysis of candidate SNP-specific patterns of introgression revealed a suite of candidate loci that may be targets of extrinsic or intrinsic selection. These loci may be involved in either adaptation to climate across the zone, particularly precipitation gradients, or involved in the maintenance of species barriers. These results have important implications for genetic conservation of adaptive variation, selection of seed sources for current reforestation within this ecologically transitional area, and appropriate scale and direction of seed transfer relating current genotype-climate associations to future climate predictions for this region.
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Livres sur le sujet "Picea sitchensi"

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Meehan, Eamonn J. Somatic embryogenesis in Picea sitchensis. Dublin : University College Dublin, 1998.

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2

Palmer, Imogen Patricia. Edge-effects in canopy arthropods of picea sitchensis and pinus sylvestris plantations in the UK. Roehampton : University of Surrey Roehampton, 1999.

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3

Dobson, Martin C. Fluxes to and effects of Oz and SO2 on Picea Sitchensis, P. abies and Fagus sylvatica. [s.l : The Author], 1990.

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4

Fletcher, A. M. (Alan M.), Lines Roger et Great Britain Forestry Commission, dir. Choice of sitka spruce seed origins for use in British forests. Edinburgh : Forestry Commission, 2007.

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5

Hendrick, Eugene. The establishment, growth and stability of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) in Ireland with particular reference to wet mineral soils. Dublin : University College Dublin, 1999.

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6

Foslie, Michael. Gran og sitka innplantet på Vestlandet : En undersøkelse over kvalitetsfordeling og bearbeidingsegenskaper = Spruce (Picea abies) and sitka (Picea sitchensis) planted in the west-coast regions of Norway : a study on quality field and working properties for sawn and planed timber. Oslo : Norsk treteknisk institutt, 1985.

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7

Whittle, K. Pests not known to occur in the United States or of limited distribution. 81. European spruce beetle. 1987.

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8

Predicting the Productivity of Sitka Spruce on Upland Sites in Northern Britain (Forestry Commission Bulletin). Bernan Press, 1987.

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9

Harmon, Mark E. Logs as sites of tree regeneration in Picea sitchensis-Tsuga heterophylla forests of coastal Washington and Oregon. 1986.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Picea sitchensi"

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Thompson, David, et Fiona Harrington. « Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) ». Dans Protocol for Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 69–80. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2985-3_7.

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Lee, Steve, David Thompson et Jon Kehlet Hansen. « Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) ». Dans Forest Tree Breeding in Europe, 177–227. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9_4.

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John, A., et K. J. Webb. « Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) ». Dans Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, 30–41. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0992-7_3.

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John, Allan, Pascal Drake et Christopher Selby. « Somatic Embryogenesis in Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) ». Dans Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 125–43. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0960-4_9.

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Coote, Linda, George F. Smith, Daniel L. Kelly, Saoirse O’Donoghue, Paul Dowding, Susan Iremonger et Fraser J. G. Mitchell. « Epiphytes of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantations in Ireland and the effects of open spaces ». Dans Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, 29–44. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2807-5_2.

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Messier, C., et J. P. Kimmins. « Nutritional Stress in Picea Sitchensis Plantations in Coastal British Columbia : The Effects of Gaultheria Shallon and Declining Site Fertility ». Dans Management of Nutrition in Forests under Stress, 257–67. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3252-7_22.

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Proe, M. F., et P. Millard. « Effect of P supply upon seasonal growth and internal cycling of P in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.)Carr.) seedlings ». Dans Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 313–17. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_36.

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Vaughan, D., B. G. Ord, S. T. Buckland, E. I. Duff et C. D. Campbell. « Distribution of soil invertase in relation to the root systems of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Acer pseudoplatanus L. during development of young plants ». Dans Structure and Function of Roots, 189–93. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3101-0_25.

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Wills, J. M., E. Sundström, J. J. Gardiner et M. Keane. « The effect of cultivation technique on root and shoot biomass production by young Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) trees on surface water gley soils ». Dans The Supporting Roots of Trees and Woody Plants : Form, Function and Physiology, 97–108. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3469-1_9.

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« Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) ». Dans Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, 136–74. OECD Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264053465-22-en.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Picea sitchensi"

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David Ford, E. « Accounting for within species variability in growth and structure of Picea sitchensis through analysis of architectural development ». Dans 2016 IEEE International Conference on Functional-Structural Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (FSPMA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fspma.2016.7818291.

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