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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Physiology and psycology analyses »

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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Ilyassova, N., et A. Abildayeva. « CULTURE OF SPEECH : ANTROPOLINGUISTIC ANALYSES ». BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, n^o 2 (30 juin 2020) : 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.10.

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The research work is dealt with the culture of speech. Culture of speech is identified by language of speech , social surrounding , language and psycology , language and pragmatics. As a result of culture of speech, personal culture, human quality, linguistic knowledge of a person is realized. Several types of antropolinguistic analyses are mentioned. Public speech (in auditorium, in crowd) shows the social aspect of communicative, linguistic norms and humans morality in speaking expresses wisdom and psycholinguistic aspect of speaker. Literary norm, functional grammar , cognitive pragmatics , literary language are thoroughly explained.

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2

ZONTA, Mauro. « Moses Ibn 'Ezra's "Treatise of the Garden" and Maimonides' "Guide of the perplexed" ». Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 12 (1 octobre 2005) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v12i.8537.

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The Spanish poet Moses Ibn 'Ezra (1055-1138 ca.) is also known for a Judeo-Arabic book dealing with philosophical and philological questions, the «Treatise of the Garden». In the first part of the «Treatise of the Garden» Moses Ibn 'Ezra deals with some key-themes of theology, metaphysics, human physiology and psycology, through the linguistical and terminological examination of some passages of the Hebrew Bible. I try to argue that the general scheme of the work and the treatment of some themes suggest that Moses Ibn 'Ezra’s work might be, at least, one of the models employed by Moses Maimonides while writing his «Guide of the Perplexed».

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Prendergast, Brian J., Randall A. Renstrom et Randy J. Nelson. « Genetic Analyses of a Seasonal Interval Timer ». Journal of Biological Rhythms 19, n^o 4 (août 2004) : 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730404266626.

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Benignus, V. A. « Behavioral effects of carbon monoxide : meta analyses and extrapolations ». Journal of Applied Physiology 76, n^o 3 (1 mars 1994) : 1310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1310.

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In the absence of reliable data, this work was performed to estimate the dose-effects function of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) on behavior in humans. Meta analysis is the quantitative analysis of the combined findings of a number of research reports. By meta analysis, an HbCO-behavior dose-effects function was estimated for rats and corrected for effects of hypothermia (which accompanies acute HbCO increases in rats but not in humans). By use of pulmonary function models and blood gas equations, equivalent HbCO values were calculated for data in the literature on hypoxic hypoxia and behavior. Another meta analysis was performed to fit a dose-effects function to the equivalent HbCO data and to correct for the behavioral effects of hypocapnia (which usually occurs during hypoxic hypoxia but not with HbCO elevation). The two extrapolations agreed closely and indicated that, for healthy sedentary persons, 18–25% HbCO would be required to produce a 10% decrement in behavior. Confidence intervals are computed to characterize the uncertainty. Frequent reports of lower-level effects are discussed.

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Vico, L., S. Bourrin, C. Genty, S. Palle et C. Alexandre. « Histomorphometric analyses of cancellous bone from COSMOS 2044 rats ». Journal of Applied Physiology 75, n^o 5 (1 novembre 1993) : 2203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2203.

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The influence of 14 days of spaceflight on cancellous bone of male Wistar rats was assessed by histomorphometric analysis. In proximal tibia, no difference was found between flight, synchronous, vivarium, and basal groups for epiphyseal bone volume or trabecular arrangement. In metaphysis, primary spongiosa width was reduced in flight rats, suggesting an alteration in bone longitudinal growth. In flight rats, secondary spongiosa evidenced a trend toward decreased bone mass, trabecular number and thickness, and osteoid surfaces, whereas there was a tendency toward increased osteoclast number compared with vivarium control but not with synchronous rats. In femoral fossa trochanteri, an area facing deep muscular insertions, no changes in bone volume or structure were noted among the different groups. However, a reduction of osteoid surfaces was seen in flight and synchronous groups compared with the other groups. Resorption activity was increased in flight rats compared with control rats. In thoracic vertebral body, osteoblastic surfaces decreased similarly in flight and synchronous rats. In lumbar vertebral body, decreased osteoblastic surfaces and increased osteoclastic parameters were observed in flight and synchronous rats. The more striking effects of spaceflight were the decrease in tibial primary spongiosa width and the increase in resorption activity of the femoral fossa trochanteri. In all other sites, cellular alterations appeared similar in flight and synchronous rats, suggesting a role for physiological stress. The time course of events would depend on initial growth and turnover rates of bone, its weight-bearing function on earth, and the presence of muscular insertions.

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Cheung, Edwin, et W. Lee Kraus. « Genomic Analyses of Hormone Signaling and Gene Regulation ». Annual Review of Physiology 72, n^o 1 (17 mars 2010) : 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135840.

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Möller, Melina, Nicole Silbernagel, Eva Wrobel, Birgit Stallmayer, Elsie Amedonu, Susanne Rinné, Stefan Peischard et al. « In Vitro Analyses of Novel HCN4 Gene Mutations ». Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 49, n^o 3 (2018) : 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493301.

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Background/Aims: The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel HCN4 contributes significantly to the generation of basic cardiac electrical activity in the sinus node and is a mediator of modulation by β–adrenergic stimulation. Heterologous expression of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and bradycardia associated mutations within the human HCN4 gene results in altered channel function. The main aim was to describe the functional characterization of three (two novel and one known) missense mutations of HCN4 identified in families with SSS. Methods: Here, the two-electrode voltage clamp technique on Xenopus laevis oocytes and confocal imaging on transfected COS7 cells respectively, were used to analyze the functional effects of three HCN4 mutations; R378C, R550H, and E1193Q. Membrane surface expressions of wild type and the mutant channels were assessed by confocal microscopy, chemiluminescence assay, and Western blot in COS7 and HeLa cells. Results: The homomeric mutant channels R550H and E1193Q showed loss of function through increased rates of deactivation and distinctly reduced surface expression in all three homomeric mutant channels. HCN4 channels containing R550H and E1193Q mutant subunits only showed minor effects on the voltage dependence and rates of activation/deactivation. In contrast, homomeric R378C exerted a left-shifted activation curve and slowed activation kinetics. These effects were reduced in heteromeric co-expression of R378C with wild-type (WT) channels. Conclusion: Dysfunction of homomeric/heteromeric mutant HCN4-R378C, R550H, and E1193Q channels in the present study was primarily caused by loss of function due to decreased channel surface expression.

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Winter, E. M., R. G. Eston et K. L. Lamb. « Statistical analyses in the physiology of exercise and kinanthropometry ». Journal of Sports Sciences 19, n^o 10 (janvier 2001) : 761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404101317015429.

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Divito, Erin B., et Michael Cascio. « Metabolism, Physiology, and Analyses of Primary Fatty Acid Amides ». Chemical Reviews 113, n^o 10 (9 août 2013) : 7343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr300363b.

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Yap, A. S., J. M. Mullin et B. R. Stevenson. « Molecular Analyses of Tight Junction Physiology : Insights and Paradoxes ». Journal of Membrane Biology 163, n^o 3 (1 juin 1998) : 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900380.

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Bonghi, C., M. Begheldo, F. Ziliotto, A. Rasori, L. Trainotti, A. Tadiello, R. Tosetti et P. Tonutti. « TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSES AND POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF PEACHES AND NECTARINES ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 877 (novembre 2010) : 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.877.3.

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Snyder, G. K. « Model analyses of capillary growth and tissue oxygenation during hypoxia ». Journal of Applied Physiology 65, n^o 5 (1 novembre 1988) : 2332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2332.

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Theoretical analyses were used to determine whether capillary growth is an adaptive response to hypoxia. Parameter values were obtained from models of transverse sections of muscles in which individual fibers were distributed in square-ordered arrays and capillaries were added to the perimeters of individual fibers in the arrays. Increasing the number of capillaries up to 2.0 per fiber increased hypoxic tolerance by 157% above that expected for a Krogh cylinder. However, increasing the number of capillaries from 2.0 to 4.0 per fiber increased hypoxic tolerance by only 18% and, assuming the entire perimeter of each fiber was perfused with blood, increased hypoxic tolerance by only 11% over the value obtained when capillary-to-fiber ratio was 4.0. Capillary growth during normal maturation may result in capillary-to-fiber ratios around 2.0, near the upper limit for producing marked changes in hypoxic tolerance. Therefore, capillary growth may not be an adaptive response to ambient hypoxia because there is little or no gas transport benefit derived from the additional capillaries.

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BIGGER, J. THOMAS. « Issues in Subgroup Analyses and Meta‐Analyses of Clinical Trials ». Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 14, s9 (septembre 2003) : S6—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.14.s9.1.x.

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Mazier, M. J. Patricia, et Peter J. H. Jones. « Model-based compartmental analyses in nutrition research ». Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, n^o 4 (1 avril 1994) : 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-061.

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Kinetic tracer studies have been used extensively in understanding digestion, absorption, and whole-body metabolism of nutrients. Optimal interpretation of changes in tracer levels over time and movement across body pools often requires sophisticated data analysis. The use of model-based compartmental analysis (MCA) can yield more detailed quantitative and predictive information concerning system dynamics, compared with direct stochastic approaches. With MCA, tracer and tracee data from both experimental and literature values are fit to a model that best approximates the system on the basis of experimental data at hand. The number of compartments of the model is determined by the shape of the curve fit to the tracee and tracer data and by literature information. On this basis, MCA can yield information about compartment numbers and sizes, fractional and net turnover, as well as catabolic and synthetic rates. PC-based MCA programs are now available. Whereas earlier editions required use of a programming language, the most recent versions being developed are completely menu driven. Model-based compartmental analyses thus represent important biotechnological advances permitting maximal interpretation of kinetic data in nutrition research.Key words: compartmental analysis, model, kinetics.

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Goaillard, Jean-Marc, et Eve Marder. « Dynamic Clamp Analyses of Cardiac, Endocrine, and Neural Function ». Physiology 21, n^o 3 (juin 2006) : 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00063.2005.

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The dynamic clamp introduces artificial conductances into cells to simulate electrical coupling, votage-dependent, leak, and synaptic conductances. This review describes how the dynamic clamp has been used to address various questions in the cardiac, endocrine, and nervous systems.

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Lagendijk, J. J. W., P. Hofman et J. Schipper. « Perfusion analyses in advanced breast carcinoma during hyperthermia ». International Journal of Hyperthermia 4, n^o 5 (janvier 1988) : 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02656738809027693.

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Beckage, Brian, Lawrence Joseph, Patrick Belisle, David B. Wolfson et William J. Platt. « Bayesian change-point analyses in ecology ». New Phytologist 174, n^o 2 (avril 2007) : 456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01991.x.

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Gueyffier, Fran??ois. « Sub-group analyses ». Journal of Hypertension 22, n^o 3 (mars 2004) : 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200403000-00007.

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19

Church, Jennifer. « Fallacies or analyses ? » Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, n^o 2 (juin 1995) : 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038231.

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AbstractTo demonstrate that a fallacy is committed, Block needs to convince us of two things: first, that theconceptof phenomenal consciousness is distinct from that of access consciousness, and second, that it picks out a different property from that of access consciousness. I raise doubt about both of these claims, suggesting that the concept of a phenomenal property is the concept of a property to which we have a special sort of access.

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Paganini, Matteo, Richard E. Moon, Nicole Boccalon, Giorgio E. M. Melloni, Tommaso A. Giacon, Enrico M. Camporesi et Gerardo Bosco. « Blood gas analyses in hyperbaric and underwater environments : a systematic review ». Journal of Applied Physiology 132, n^o 2 (1 février 2022) : 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00569.2021.

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Pulmonary gas exchange during diving or in a dry hyperbaric environment is affected by increased breathing gas density and possibly water immersion. During free diving, there is also the effect of apnea. Few studies have published blood gas data in underwater or hyperbaric environments: this review summarizes the available literature and was used to test the hypothesis that arterial Po2 under hyperbaric conditions can be predicted from blood gas measurement at 1 atmosphere assuming a constant arterial/alveolar Po2 ratio (a:A). A systematic search was performed on traditional sources including arterial blood gases obtained on humans in hyperbaric or underwater environments. The a:A was calculated at 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). For each condition, predicted arterial partial pressure of oxygen ([Formula: see text]) at pressure was calculated using the 1 ATA a:A, and the measured [Formula: see text] was plotted against the predicted value with Spearman correlation coefficients. Of 3,640 records reviewed, 30 studies were included: 25 were reports describing values obtained in hyperbaric chambers, and the remaining were collected while underwater. Increased inspired O2 at pressure resulted in increased [Formula: see text], although underlying lung disease in patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen attenuated the rise. [Formula: see text] generally increased only slightly. In breath-hold divers, hyperoxemia generally occurred at maximum depth, with hypoxemia after surfacing. The a:A adequately predicted the [Formula: see text] under various conditions: dry ( r = 0.993, P < 0.0001), rest versus exercise ( r = 0.999, P < 0.0001), and breathing mixtures ( r = 0.995, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, pulmonary oxygenation under hyperbaric conditions can be reliably and accurately predicted from 1 ATA a:A measurements.

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Döbereiner, Hans-Günther, Benjamin J. Dubin-Thaler, Gregory Giannone et Michael P. Sheetz. « Force sensing and generation in cell phases : analyses of complex functions ». Journal of Applied Physiology 98, n^o 4 (avril 2005) : 1542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01181.2004.

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Cellular morphology is determined by motility, force sensing, and force generation that must be finely controlled in a dynamic fashion. Contractile and extensile functions are integrated with the overall cytoskeleton, including linkages from the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and other cells by force sensing. During development, as cells differentiate, variations in protein expression levels result in morphological changes. There are two major explanations for motile behavior: either cellular motility depends in a continuous fashion on cell composition or it exhibits phases wherein only a few protein modules are activated locally for a given time. Indeed, in support of the latter model, the quantification of cell spreading and other motile activities shows multiple distinct modes of behavior, which we term “phases” because there exist abrupt transitions between them. Cells in suspension have a basal level of motility that enables them to probe their immediate environment. After contacting a matrix-coated surface, they rapidly transition to an activated spreading phase. After the development of a significant contact area, the cells contract repeatedly to determine the rigidity of the substrate and then develop force on matrix contacts. When cells are fully spread, extension activity is significantly decreased and focal complexes start to assemble near the cell periphery. For each of these phases, there are significant differences in protein activities, which correspond to differences in function. Thus overall morphological change of a tissue is driven by chemical signals and force-dependent activation of one or more motile phases in limited cell regions for defined periods.

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Wang, Ying, Tashrique Alam, Katherine Hill-Harfe, Alejandro J. Lopez, Chi K. Leung, Daniela Iribarne, Bradley Bruggeman, Michael M. Miyamoto, Brian D. Harfe et Keith P. Choe. « Phylogenetic, expression, and functional analyses of anoctamin homologs in Caenorhabditis elegans ». American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, n^o 11 (1 décembre 2013) : R1376—R1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00303.2012.

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Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are critical to processes such as epithelial transport, membrane excitability, and signal transduction. Anoctamin, or TMEM16, is a family of 10 mammalian transmembrane proteins, 2 of which were recently shown to function as CaCCs. The functions of other family members have not been firmly established, and almost nothing is known about anoctamins in invertebrates. Therefore, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of anoctamins across the animal kingdom and examined the expression and function of anoctamins in the genetically tractable nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Phylogenetic analyses support five anoctamin clades that are at least as old as the deuterostome/protosome ancestor. This includes a branch containing two Drosophila paralogs that group with mammalian ANO1 and ANO2, the two best characterized CaCCs. We identify two anoctamins in C. elegans (ANOH-1 and ANOH-2) that are also present in basal metazoans. The anoh-1 promoter is active in amphid sensory neurons that detect external chemical and nociceptive cues. Within amphid neurons, ANOH-1::GFP fusion protein is enriched within sensory cilia. RNA interference silencing of anoh-1 reduced avoidance of steep osmotic gradients without disrupting amphid cilia development, chemotaxis, or withdrawal from noxious stimuli, suggesting that ANOH-1 functions in a sensory mode-specific manner. The anoh-2 promoter is active in mechanoreceptive neurons and the spermatheca, but loss of anoh-2 had no effect on motility or brood size. Our study indicates that at least five anoctamin duplicates are evolutionarily ancient and suggests that sensory signaling may be a basal function of the anoctamin protein family.

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Fracica, P. J., S. P. Caminiti, C. A. Piantadosi, F. G. Duhaylongsod, J. D. Crapo et S. L. Young. « Natural surfactant and hyperoxic lung injury in primates. II. Morphometric analyses ». Journal of Applied Physiology 76, n^o 3 (1 mars 1994) : 1002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1002.

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Diffuse lung injury is accompanied by low compliance and hypoxemia with histological evidence of endothelial and alveolar epithelial cell disruption. The histological effects of treatment of an acute diffuse lung injury with a natural surfactant product were evaluated in a primate model because surfactant function and content have been shown to be abnormal in diffuse lung injury in both animals and humans. Ten baboons were ventilated with 100% O2 for 96 h, and 5 were given an aerosol of natural porcine surfactant. Physiological and biochemical measurements of the effects of hyperoxia and surfactant treatment are presented in a companion paper. After O2 exposure, lungs were fixed and processed for quantitative electron microscopy. The responses to O2 included epithelial and endothelial cell injuries, interstitial edema, and inflammation. The hyperoxic animals treated with surfactant were compared with the untreated animals; the treatments altered neutrophil distribution, fibroblast proliferation, and changes in the volumes of type I epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Surfactant-treated animals also had decreased lamellar body volume density in type II epithelial cells and preservation of endothelial cell integrity. These changes suggest complex effects of natural surfactant on the pulmonary response to hyperoxia, including protection against epithelial and endothelial cell destruction as well as significant interstitial inflammation and fibroblast proliferation. We conclude that natural surfactant treatment of hyperoxic lung injury in primates resulted in partial protection of epithelial and endothelial cells but also increased the accumulation of fibroblasts in the lung.

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Vautz, Wolfgang, Jürgen Nolte, Albrecht Bufe, Jörg I. Baumbach et Marcus Peters. « Analyses of mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry : a feasibility study ». Journal of Applied Physiology 108, n^o 3 (mars 2010) : 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00658.2009.

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Exhaled breath can provide comprehensive information about the metabolic state of the subject. Breath analysis carried out during animal experiments promises to increase the information obtained from a particular experiment significantly. This feasibility study should demonstrate the potential of ion mobility spectrometry for animal breath analysis, even for mice. In the framework of the feasibility study, an ion mobility spectrometer coupled with a multicapillary column for rapid preseparation was used to analyze the breath of orotracheally intubated spontaneously breathing mice during anesthesia for the very first time. The sampling procedure was validated successfully. Furthermore, the breath of four mice (2 healthy control mice, 2 with allergic airway inflammation) was analyzed. Twelve peaks were identified directly by comparison with a database. Additional mass spectrometric analyses were carried out for validation and for identification of unknown signals. Significantly different patterns of metabolites were detected in healthy mice compared with asthmatic mice, thus demonstrating the feasibility of analyzing mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry. However, further investigations including a higher animal number for validation and identification of unknown signals are needed. Nevertheless, the results of the study demonstrate that the method is capable of rapid analyses of the breath of mice, thus significantly increasing the information obtained from each particular animal experiment.

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Šućurović, Sandra, Tamara Nikolić, Jan J. Brosens et Biserka Mulac-Jericevic. « Spatial and Temporal Analyses of FGF9 Expression During Early Pregnancy ». Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 42, n^o 6 (2017) : 2318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480004.

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Background: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), in complex with their receptors (FGFRs), regulate a broad spectrum of biological functions including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. In human endometrial stromal cells, FGF9 is regulated with estrogen (E). Methods/Results: First, we report that in uterus tissue of ovariectomized wild type mice, FGF9 is present in three isoforms and is regulated with E. Second, we found that during peri-implantation, Fgf9 expression reached its peak at day 4.5 of pregnancy. Immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated overlapping FGF9 and COX2 expression surrounding the blastocyst attachment site. Next, we identified FGF9- and CD31-positive cells as a part of the microvessels; however, expression was localized to a distinct population of cells. Finally, our data showed synchronized, spatial expression of FGF9 on the luminal epithelium with FGFR2 present on the trophectoderm. Conclusion: Our data suggest that FGF9 is a crucial factor required to establish the appropriate microenvironment for successful implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy.

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Ward, John M., Pascal Mäser et Julian I. Schroeder. « Plant Ion Channels : Gene Families, Physiology, and Functional Genomics Analyses ». Annual Review of Physiology 71, n^o 1 (mars 2009) : 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163204.

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Scher, Mark S., Mingui Sun, Georgia-Mina Hatzilabrou, Neil L. Greenberg, George Cebulka, Donald Krieger, Robert D. Guthrie et Robert J. Sclabassi. « Computer Analyses of EEG-Sleep in the Neonate ». Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 7, n^o 3 (juillet 1990) : 417–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199007000-00007.

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Brække, F. H. « Needle analyses and graphic vector analyses of Norway spruce and Scots pine stands ». Trees 11, n^o 1 (1996) : 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050054.

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CRAWFORD, DOUGLAS L., VALERIE A. PIERCE et JEFF A. SEGAL. « Evolutionary Physiology of Closely Related Taxa : Analyses of Enzyme Expression ». American Zoologist 39, n^o 2 (avril 1999) : 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/39.2.389.

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Pecaut, Michael J., Glen M. Miller, Gregory A. Nelson et Daila S. Gridley. « Hypergravity-induced immunomodulation in a rodent model : hematological and lymphocyte function analyses ». Journal of Applied Physiology 97, n^o 1 (juillet 2004) : 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01304.2003.

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The major purpose of this study was to quantify hypergravity-induced changes in erythrocyte and thrombocyte characteristics, spontaneous and mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenesis, and capacity of splenocytes to secrete immunoregulatory cytokines. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic 1, 2, and 3 G; subsets were euthanized after 1, 4, 7, 10, and 21 days of centrifugation. Erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were significantly reduced by day 21 in both centrifuged groups. Hemoglobin concentration and volume per red blood cell were generally low, but an early, transient spike above normal was noted in thrombocyte counts in the 3-G group. Fluctuations above and below normal in blood and spleen cell spontaneous blastogenesis were dependent on the length of centrifugation time and not on the level of gravity. Depression in splenocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide due to gravity were noted when the data were expressed as stimulation indexes. Cytokine production by spleen cells was primarily affected during the first week of centrifugation: IL-2, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, whereas interferon-γ decreased. These findings, although not identical to those reported for spaceflight, indicate that altered gravity can influence both hematological and functional variables that may translate into serious health consequences during extended missions.

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Slinker, B. K., et S. A. Glantz. « Multiple linear regression is a useful alternative to traditional analyses of variance ». American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, n^o 3 (1 septembre 1988) : R353—R367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.3.r353.

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Physiologists often wish to compare the effects of several different treatments on a continuous variable of interest, which requires an analysis of variance. Analysis of variance, as presented in most statistics texts, generally requires that there be no missing data and often that each sample group be the same size. Unfortunately, this requirement is rarely satisfied, and investigators are confronted with the problem of how to analyze data that do not strictly fit the traditional analysis of variance paradigm. One can avoid these pitfalls by recasting the analysis of variance as a multiple linear regression problem. When there are no missing data, the results of a traditional analysis of variance and the corresponding multiple regression problem are identical; when the sample sizes are unequal or there are missing data, one can use a regression formulation to analyze data that cannot be easily handled in a traditional analysis of variance paradigm and thus overcome a practical computational limitation of traditional analysis of variance. In addition to overcoming practical limitations of traditional analysis of variance, the multiple linear regression approach is more efficient because in one run of a statistics routine, not only is the analysis of variance done but also one obtains estimates of the size of the treatment effects (as opposed to just an indication of whether such effects are present or not), and many of the pairwise multiple comparisons are done (they are equivalent to t tests for significance of the regression parameter estimates). Finally, interaction between the different treatment factors is easier to interpret than it is in traditional analysis of variance.

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Zhang, J., J. Liu et R. Ming. « Genomic analyses of the CAM plant pineapple ». Journal of Experimental Botany 65, n^o 13 (1 avril 2014) : 3395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru101.

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Friesen, W. O., et C. G. Hocker. « Functional Analyses of the Leech Swim Oscillator ». Journal of Neurophysiology 86, n^o 2 (1 août 2001) : 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.824.

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The oscillations that underlie swimming movements in the leech arise from a series of identified concatenated circuits within the ventral nerve cord. In the intact nerve cord, ascending and descending intersegmental interactions via axons within the lateral connectives function both to generate robust oscillations throughout the cord and to establish an anterior-to-posterior phase delay among segmental oscillators. We addressed two questions about this system. First, do the intrasegmental swim circuits in each ganglion function as a single oscillator or do they comprise a pair of coupled oscillators? Second, what are the relative strengths of the ascending and descending intersegmental interactions between the segmental oscillators? Experiments were carried out on semi-intact leeches ( Hirudo medicinalis) and on isolated leech nerve cords in which “Z-cut” ganglia were generated by cutting one lateral connective nerve anterior and the contralateral connective nerve posterior to the target ganglion. In these Z-cut ganglia, all rhythmic ascending intersegmental input is conveyed via one lateral connective while rhythmic descending input is conveyed via the contralateral connective. We found that rhythmic bursting recorded from the left and right sides of Z-cut ganglia had identical cycle periods with no phase difference, despite strong intersegmental inputs with differing periods from the two swimming ends of the preparations. We conclude that the swim circuits within individual leech ganglia act as single units. Moreover, we determined through correlation and Fourier spectral analyses, that the functional strengths of ascending and descending intersegmental inputs to Z-cut ganglia located in the middle of the nerve cord are approximately equal.

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Packard, Gary C. « Rotational distortion in conventional allometric analyses ». Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A : Molecular & ; Integrative Physiology 159, n^o 4 (août 2011) : 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.04.005.

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Miura, Kenichiro, Takashi Sekine, Riki Nishimura, Yutaka Kanamori, Atsuhiro Yanagisawa, Kiyohide Sakai, Michio Nagata et Takashi Igarashi. « Morphological and functional analyses of two infants with obstructive renal dysplasia ». Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 15, n^o 4 (août 2011) : 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10157-011-0429-x.

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Upadhyay, Ashish. « Statins in chronic kidney disease : what do meta-analyses tell us ? » Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 18, n^o 2 (25 octobre 2013) : 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0889-2.

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Li, M., J. G. Brasseur et W. J. Dodds. « Analyses of normal and abnormal esophageal transport using computer simulations ». American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 266, n^o 4 (1 avril 1994) : G525—G543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.4.g525.

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Mathematical modeling and computer simulations are combined with concurrent manometric and videofluoroscopic data to analyze the contractile behavior of the esophageal wall during normal and abnormal esophageal bolus transport. The study focuses on axial variations in intraluminal pressure in relationship to deformations of the esophageal wall during the transport process. Four case studies of esophageal bolus transport described by Kahrilas et al. (Gastroenterology 94: 73-80, 1988), one normal and three abnormal, are analyzed in detail by capturing the major elements of both the videofluoroscopic and concurrent manometric data in the mathematical model. In all cases a strong correlation between the deformations of the luminal wall and the axial variations of intraluminal pressure is observed. Simulation of normal bolus transport shows that, whereas only gentle variations in intrabolus pressure occur in the main body of the bolus due to weak frictional forces there, large frictional forces force a rapid rise in pressure near the bolus tail induced by circular muscle squeeze. Of particular interest is the analysis of incomplete clearance of bolus fluid in the aortic arch region. The only physically correct model consistent both with the videofluoroscopic and the manometric data implies the existence of two separate contraction waves, one above and one below the transition zone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Scher, Mark S., John Turnbull, Kenneth Loparo et Mark W. Johnson. « Automated State Analyses : Proposed Applications to Neonatal Neurointensive Care ». Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 22, n^o 4 (août 2005) : 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wnp.0000161418.87923.10.

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Kawamura, Tetsuro, Malcolm Yeh, Ken Inoue et Thoru Yamada. « TOPOGRAPHIC VOLTAGE AND SPATIAL- TEMPORAL ANALYSES OF ROLANDIC SPIKES ». Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 14, n^o 5 (septembre 1997) : 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199709000-00058.

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Lee, Kwangwon, Prithvi Shiva Kumar, Sean McQuade, Joshua Y. Lee, Sohyun Park, Zheming An et Benedetto Piccoli. « Experimental and Mathematical Analyses Relating Circadian Period and Phase of Entrainment inNeurospora crassa ». Journal of Biological Rhythms 32, n^o 6 (28 novembre 2017) : 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730417738611.

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Tian, Songyu, Jiangtian Tian, Xiuwei Chen, Lianwei Li, Yunduo Liu, Yuping Wang, Yuqi Sun, Chunlong Zhang et Ge Lou. « Identification of Subpathway Signatures For Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Integrated Analyses of High-Throughput miRNA and mRNA Expression ». Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 44, n^o 4 (2017) : 1325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485492.

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Background/Aims: Ovarian cancer (OC) causes more death and serious conditions than any other female reproductive cancers, and many expression signatures have been identified for OC prognoses. However, no significant overlap is found among signatures from different studies, indicating the necessity of signature identifications at the functional level. Methods: We performed an integrated analyses of miRNA and gene expressions to identify OC prognostic subpathways (pathway regions). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas data set, we identified core prognostic subpathways, and calculated subpathway risk scores using both miRNA and gene components. Finally, we performed global risk impact analyses to optimize core subpathways using the random walk algorithm. Results: Subpathway-level analyses displayed more robust results than the gene- and miRNA-level analyses. Moreover, we verified the advantage of core subpathways over the entire pathway-based results and their prognostic performance in two independent validation data sets. Based on the global impact score, 13 subpathway signatures were selected and a combined subpathway-based risk score was further calculated for OC patient prognoses. Conclusions: Overall, it was possible to systematically perform integrated analyses of the expression levels of miRNAs and genes to identify prognostic subpathways and infer subpathway risk scores for use in OC clinical applications.

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Li, Xun, Zhanwen Lin, Lei Wang, Qin Liu, Zhi Cao, Zhujuan Huang, Mingtian Zhong et al. « RNA-Seq Analyses of the Role of miR-21 in Acute Pancreatitis ». Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 51, n^o 5 (2018) : 2198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495866.

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Background/Aims: Our previous study demonstrated that a deficiency of microRNA 21 (miR-21) protects mice from acute pancreatitis, yet the underlying molecular networks associated with miR-21 in pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury remain unexplored. Methods: We used next generation sequencing to analyze gene expression profiles of pancreatic tissues from wild-type (WT) and miR-21 knockout (KO) mice treated with caerulein by using a 1-day treatment protocol. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery gene annotation tool and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used to analyze the molecular pathways, while quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the molecular mechanisms. Results: We identified 152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pancreata between WT and KO mice treated with caerulein. Cellular biogenesis and metabolism were the major pathways affected between WT and KO mice, whereas cell death and inflammatory response discriminated between WT and KO mice under acute pancreatitis. We validated 16 DEGs, consisting of 6 upregulated genes and 10 downregulated genes, involved in pancreatic injury. In particular, the upregulation of Pias3 and downregulation of Hmgb1 in KO pancreata coincided with a reduced severity of pancreatitis. In addition, we found Hmgb1 stimulation resulted in the overexpression of miR-21 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and deletion of miR-21 led to a reduction of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by repressing Hmgb1 expression. Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that miR-21 modulates the inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis through the upregulation of Pias3 and downregulation of Hmgb1. Our findings further underscore a role for miR-21 in the promotion of acute pancreatitis.

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Gao, Lie, Vikas Kumar, Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Song‐Young Park, Tara L. Rudebush, Li Yu, Won‐Mok Son et al. « Functional, proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of Nrf2‐ and Keap1‐ null skeletal muscle ». Journal of Physiology 598, n^o 23 (23 septembre 2020) : 5427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jp280176.

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Bradley, Timothy J., et Donna G. Folk. « Analyses of Physiological Evolutionary Response ». Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77, n^o 1 (janvier 2004) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/381466.

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Zhang, Lishu, et Hong-Wen Deng. « Gene network analyses of osteoporosis ». Bone 47 (octobre 2010) : S377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.09.060.

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Merrill, A. H., E. Wang, R. E. Mullins, R. E. Grindeland et I. A. Popova. « Analyses of plasma for metabolic and hormonal changes in rats flown aboard COSMOS 2044 ». Journal of Applied Physiology 73, n^o 2 (1 août 1992) : S132—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.s132.

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Plasma samples from rats flown aboard COS-MOS 2044 were analyzed for the levels of key metabolites, electrolytes, enzymes, and hormones. The major differences between the flight group and the synchronous control were elevations in glucose, cholesterol, phosphate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate amino-transferase and decreased levels of thyroxine. Most of these differences were not mimicked by tail suspension of ground-based rats; however, both flight and suspended rats exhibited inhibited testosterone secretion. Corticosterone, immunoreactive growth hormone, and prolactin showed inconsistent differences from the various control groups, suggesting that the levels of these hormones were not due to actual or simulated microgravity.

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Miller, Leland V., Nancy F. Krebs et K. Michael Hambidge. « Development of a compartmental model of human zinc metabolism : identifiability and multiple studies analyses ». American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, n^o 5 (1 novembre 2000) : R1671—R1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.5.r1671.

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A compartmental model of zinc metabolism has been developed from stable isotope tracer studies of five healthy adults. Multiple isotope tracers were administered orally and intravenously, and the resulting enrichment was measured in plasma, erythrocytes, urine, and feces for as long as 3 wk. Data from total zinc measurements and model-independent calculations of various steady-state parameters were also modeled with the kinetic data. A structure comprised of 14 compartments and as many as 25 unknown kinetic parameters was developed to adequately model the data from each of the individual studies. The structural identifiability of the model was established using the GLOBI2 identifiability analysis software. Numerical identifiability of parameter estimates was evaluated using statistical data provided by SAAM. A majority of the model parameters was estimated with sufficient statistical certainty to be considered well determined. After the fitting of the model and data from the individual studies using SAAM/CONSAM, results were submitted to SAAM extended multiple studies analysis for aggregation into a single set of population parameters and statistics. The model was judged to be valid based on criteria described elsewhere.

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Reyes, M. Michelle, Stephen A. Gravina et John E. Hayes. « Evaluation of Sweetener Synergy in Humans by Isobole Analyses ». Chemical Senses 44, n^o 8 (19 août 2019) : 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjz056.

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Abstract The chemical senses and pharmaceuticals fundamentally depend on similar biological processes, but novel molecule discovery has classically been approached from vastly different vantage points. From the perspective of ingredient and flavor companies, there are countless ingredients that act via largely unknown mechanisms, whereas the pharmaceutical industry has numerous mechanisms in search of novel compounds. Mixtures of agonists can result in synergistic (superadditive) responses, which can be quantified via isobole analysis, a well-proven clinical approach in pharmacology. For the food and beverage industries, bulk (caloric) sweeteners like sugars are a key ingredient in sweetened foods and beverages, but consumers also desire products with fewer calories, which has led to the development of sweet enhancers and sweetener blends intended to achieve synergy or superadditivity. Synergistic mixtures are highly attractive targets commercially as they enable lower usage levels and enhanced efficacy. Although the psychophysical literature contains numerous prior reports of sweetener synergy, others have also noted that classical additive models fail to account for nonlinear dose-response functions. To address this shortcoming, here we systematically apply the isobole method from pharmacology to quantify the presence or absence of psychophysical synergy for binary pairs of sweeteners in a series of 15 separate experiments, each with ~100 adult volunteers (total n = 1576). Generally, these data support the hypothesis that structurally similar sweeteners acting as agonists will not synergize, whereas structurally dissimilar sweeteners binding to overlapping or distal sites can act as allosteric agonists or agonist-antagonists, respectively.

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Feezor, Robert J., Henry V. Baker, Michael Mindrinos, Doug Hayden, Cynthia L. Tannahill, Bernard H. Brownstein, Adrian Fay et al. « Whole blood and leukocyte RNA isolation for gene expression analyses ». Physiological Genomics 19, n^o 3 (17 novembre 2004) : 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00020.2004.

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The analysis of gene expression data in clinical medicine has been plagued by the lack of a critical evaluation of accepted methodologies for the collection, processing, and labeling of RNA. In the present report, the reliability of two commonly used techniques to isolate RNA from whole blood or its leukocyte compartment was compared by examining their reproducibility, variance, and signal-to-noise ratios. Whole blood was obtained from healthy subjects and was either untreated or stimulated ex vivo with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). Blood samples were also obtained from trauma patients but were not stimulated with SEB ex vivo. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood with the PAXgene proprietary blood collection system or from isolated leukocytes. Biotin-labeled cRNA was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChips. The Pearson correlation coefficient for gene expression measurements in replicates from healthy subjects with both techniques was excellent, exceeding 0.985. Unsupervised analyses, including hierarchical cluster analysis, however, revealed that the RNA isolation method resulted in greater differences in gene expression than stimulation with SEB or among different trauma patients. The intraclass correlation, a measure of signal-to-noise ratio, of the difference between SEB-stimulated and unstimulated blood from healthy subjects was significantly higher in leukocyte-derived samples than in whole blood: 0.75 vs. 0.46 ( P = 0.002). At the P < 0.001 level of significance, twice as many probe sets discriminated between SEB-stimulated and unstimulated blood with leukocyte isolation than with PAXgene. The findings suggest that the method of RNA isolation from whole blood is a critical variable in the design of clinical studies using microarray analyses.

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El Boustani, Sami, Martin Pospischil, Michelle Rudolph-Lilith et Alain Destexhe. « Activated cortical states : Experiments, analyses and models ». Journal of Physiology-Paris 101, n^o 1-3 (janvier 2007) : 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2007.10.001.

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