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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Physical fitness – Sociological aspects »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Physical fitness – Sociological aspects"

Volozhanin, S. E. « THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE IN EDUCATION OF STUDENTS ». Vestnik of Minin University 6, n^o 3 (10 novembre 2018) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2018-6-3-6.

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Introduction: physical health of a person is a natural state of an organism caused by normal functioning of all its organs and systems. It is an invaluable asset for the entire community.Training sessions in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture and sports" in high school prepare students for life and contribute to his harmonious physical development. They train the body, make health stronger, improve physical qualities, abilities and skills, thereby, improve physical fitness and sports achievements; create favorable conditions for a long and active life.In addition, they contribute to the education of such necessary moral personality traits as morality, aesthetics, hard work, and also forms intellectual development.All this is necessary for future specialists in their professional work in the field of education, medicine, law, agriculture, military Affairs, etc. Therefore, physical culture and sports is a special complex social phenomenon, which is not limited to the solution of physical development, and implements all kinds of social activities of society, shows its health, cultural importance both in social life and in the system of education, education and recreation.The purpose of the scientific article is to determine the problems of physical education in higher educational institutions, as well as, on the basis of the results of the sociological survey of students of leading universities of Ulan-Ude to determine the attitude to the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture and sports" in high school and to physical culture in general.Materials and methods: the paper uses the main methods used in the pedagogical and social sciences and humanities, first of all, analytical and systematic approaches, a secondary analysis of empirical research data. The study is based on the analysis of literature on the issues of interest to us and sociological survey of students.Results: the article reflects a number of problems that exist in the system of physical education, the causes of negative aspects – hypodynamia, hypokinesia, professional and domestic stress, nervous and physical overload. It is concluded that the influence of physical training and sports have a positive impact on physical fitness, performance, psychological stability and health in General. In addition, it is the prevention of so-called "sedentary diseases" and computer addiction. The attitude of students of higher educational institutions of Ulan-Ude to physical training and sports.Discussion and conclusions: today's society is deeply interested in ensuring that the younger generation is physically developed and healthy. The great influence of physical culture and sports on health, moral and volitional qualities and spiritual world of man is undeniable. Numerous studies and experience of the use of means and methods of physical culture and sports in the process of physical education in universities prove their effectiveness in the formation of students ' physical fitness, spiritual and moral education, contribute to successful socialization and professional self-determination, health, personal safety, which, in the end, contributes to the strengthening of the student, to increase the level of unification of the society to address issues of national security and further stable development of the state.

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Polyakova, Varvara, et Olha Aftimichuk. « Dynamics of Professional Orientation of Students on the Specialty "Fitness and Recreation Programs" ». Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University 2, n^o 2 (340) (2021) : 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-2(340)-2-65-73.

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The article highlights the problem of gradual professional training of future coaches in the field of fitness, recreational physical culture, studying at the State University of Physical Education and Sports. The main aspects of such training are the formation and improvement of a complex of personal and professional qualities. In this regard, a sociological survey of students of the first cycle of study (1-3 courses) in the specialty «Fitness and recreational programs» was organized. For this, questionnaires were developed, the questions of which were conditionally divided into 3 categories: the first – determines the knowledge of preparation for the profession and activities of a fitness trainer; the second – studies the aspirations to acquire new skills, knowledge and skills of a fitness trainer; the third – reveals the professional qualities and abilities of a fitness trainer. The analysis of the survey results revealed that all the interviewed students are confident in the correct choice of their profession. In the learning process, there is a gradual, staged, growth of the level of professional training, including the formation of professional and personal qualities, as well as professional and motor abilities. At the same time, it can be noted that all the students participating in the survey, to one degree or another, are engaged in self-improvement, attending various events aimed at improving the level of their preparedness for the activity of a fitness trainer. This allowed a larger number of students (67%) to get a job in fitness clubs by the third year. In addition, it turned out that all the students who participated in the survey were involved in some kind of sport. Many of them work as trainers in fitness clubs without changing their direction in sports. Thus, one can observe the phased dynamics of the formation of a specialist, fitness trainer, from the first year of study at the university to the third.

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Böhme, Maria Tereza Silveira. « Physical fitness theoretical aspects ». Revista Paulista de Educação Física 7, n^o 2 (20 décembre 1993) : 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.1993.138757.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo fornecer subsídios teóricos sobre as conceituações e os componentes da aptidão física. A partir de uma visão holística da aptidão física como parte integrante da aptidão total, são abordados o significado etmológico e os aspectos históricos da mesma, seguido de uma descrição das diferentes conceituações com os respectivos componentes da aptidão física, segundo os autores da área; em terceiro lugar é feita uma comparação entre as conceituações apresentadas. No final é apresentada uma conclusão do trabalho onde procurou-se relacionar os diferentes aspectos abordados

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Reilly, T. « Assessment of some aspects of physical fitness ». Applied Ergonomics 22, n^o 5 (octobre 1991) : 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(91)90382-r.

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Viktoriia, Biletska, Semenenko Viacheslav et Zavalniuk Viktoriia. « SELF-ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS ». Sport Science and Human Health 6, n^o 2 (2021) : 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2664-2069.2021.28.

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Introduction. The process of physical education of students in higher education institutions is organized depending on the state of health, level of physical development and readiness of students. Research by many authors shows that the decline in physical activity of young people reduces their level of physical health and physical fitness. Therefore, it is important to study the self-assessment of physical development of students with different levels of physical fitness. The aim is to study the self-assessment of physical development of students of 1-3 courses with different levels of physical fitness in the process of forming individual physical culture. Materials and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature and sources of the Internet; sociological methods; psychological and diagnostic methods; pedagogical methods; methods of statistical data processing.

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McTeer, William, et James E. Curtis. « Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being : Testing Alternative Sociological Interpretations ». Sociology of Sport Journal 7, n^o 4 (décembre 1990) : 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.7.4.329.

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This study examines the relationship between physical activity in sport and feelings of well-being, testing alternative interpretations of the relationship between these two variables. It was expected that there would be positive relationships between physical activity on the one hand and physical fitness, feelings of well-being, social interaction in the sport and exercise environment, and socioeconomic status on the other hand. It was also expected that physical fitness, social interaction, and socioeconomic status would be positively related to psychological well-being. Further, it was expected that any positive zero-order relationship of physical activity and well-being would be at least in part a result of the conjoint effects of the other variables. The analyses were conducted separately for the male and female subsamples of a large survey study of Canadian adults. The results, after controls, show a modest positive relationship of physical activity and well-being for males but no such relationship for females. The predicted independent effects of the control factors obtained for both males and females. Interpretations of the results are discussed.

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Olga, Aftimichuk. « Motivation of physical education activities/fitness for representatives of various social groups ». MOJ Sports Medicine 5, n^o 1 (14 juin 2022) : 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2022.05.00112.

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This article presents sociological researches conducted among representatives of various social groups, which have established the basic motives of physical culture at the present stage of development of society.

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French, Sally. « Pain : Some psychological and sociological aspects ». Physiotherapy 75, n^o 5 (mai 1989) : 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62850-7.

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Pařízková, Jana, Françoise Rovillé-Sausse et Denes Molnár. « Interdisciplinary Aspects of Childhood Obesity and Physical Fitness ». Journal of Obesity 2013 (2013) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/828463.

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Sheikhzadeh, Ali, et Vivek Pinto. « Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive ». Ergonomics in Design : The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 22, n^o 1 (janvier 2014) : 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804613518051.

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Orthopedic surgeons and other stakeholders need better return-to-driving guidelines for post–orthopedic surgery and trauma patients. The state of the current orthopedic research is in need of better methodology, particularly regarding control over the cognitive domain’s influence on the physical domain. Recommendations need to be based on an individual’s assessment of physical performance rather than the passage of time after surgery. This article highlights the areas of concern for driving research in the orthopedic community and how they can affect study design.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Physical fitness – Sociological aspects"

Olivier, Stephen Chris. « Physiological and psychophysical factors in the rating of perceived exertion during uphill overground and treadmill running ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015769.

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The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences between the field and laboratory ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) when the performance and physiological measures for the two conditions were equated. Furthermore, the interactive effects of local, central and overall RPE were examined. Finally, the question of the potential effects of attitudes on RPE was addressed. Eleven well-conditioned adult male marathon runners voluntarily participated in the study. After a period of treadmill habituation, biographical and anthropometric data were collected. This was followed by a VO₂ max test and a speed-matching session at 70% of VO₂ max to determine overground running speed at 3.8% and 7. 5% grade. Subjects then completed an attitudinal questionnaire and ran 4km overground. Finally, the above test was repeated on the treadmill, with the gradient and running speed of the overground condition being replicated. Physiological measures and differentiated RPE were obtained during the final two sessions. There were no physical environmental, task characteristic or performance differences between the overground and treadmill conditions. No heart rate or VO₂ differences were observed between the two conditions, but VE was significantly elevated in the laboratory. Local and overall RPE were significantly higher in the laboratory than in the field, but there was no difference for central RPE. Attitudes were more favourable towards the field than towards the laboratory work task. The results suggest that neither heart rate nor VO₂ are major factors directly influencing the perception of exertion. VE however appears to be a potent central signal mediating RPE. The results also indicate that local factors play a more important role in the perception of exertion than was previously thought. Attitudes towards a work task could possibly mediate the self-reports of exertion. The findings of this study also suggest that RPE are influenced by cognition to a large degree. Finally, environmental cues, or the ambience of a particular working environment, can exert a substantial influence on RPE. Direct perceptual translations from laboratory to field situations may therefore be invalid.

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Rorke, Stafford Conroy. « The contribution of psychogenic factors limiting prolonged work performed at different relative intensities ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004772.

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This study investigated the physiological and psychological limitations to prolonged work performed at different relative intensities, through the use of an eclectic integrative methodology. Ten young male caucasian subjects (mean V0₂ max. 60,0 ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹ ± 7,9) were randomly exposed to treadmill runs at each of four relative intensities, namely 55%, 65%, 75% and 85% of V0₂ maximum, with the instruction to run to the point of subjective discomfort at which they were no longer willing to continue. Physiological measures of oxygen consumption (V0₂), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R) , minute ventilation volume (Vi), breathing frequency (Vf), tidal volume (Vt) and psychological measures of Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Perceived Thermal Comfo·rt (PTC), Perceived Pain and Perceived Fatigue were recorded throughout the protocol. The relative intensity was held constant by slight decreases in treadmill speed as subjects fatigued, and through feedback from an on-line oxygen consumption computer-aided data acquisition system. Significant increases in both physiological and psychological measures occurred with increases in relative intensity (p<0,05). HR and Vf increased overtime (p<0,05) whilst Rand Vt decreased over time (p < 0,05) . All psychological ratings increased in intensity over time (p < 0,05). Mean endurance times to exhaustion were 243 minutes ± 70 at 55% relative intensity, 159 minutes ±37 at 65%, 96 minutes ±25 at 75 % and 23 minutes +- 8 at 85%, being within the range reported by earlier researchers . A regression equation for prediction of endurance time given a known relative intensity was developed for this sample: % V0₂ max. = 117,8 + (-10,6 x LN (time)) (where r = -0,91) Convergence rankings indicate the greater contribution of local factors in the overall gestalt of perceived exertion, pain and fatigue, with biomechanical limitations to prolonged work (running) strongly implicated . High inter correlations between psychological rating scales suggest the use of the scale considered most applicable to the task at hand and the psychological response measure required. A coefficient of multiple correlation of 0,94 established the close interrelationship amongst the physiological and psychological parameters measured. Pre- and post-test Fatigue Cluster Analysis questionnaires indicated that the most important clusters contributing toward the sensation of fatigue and subsequent decision to cease activity were Task Aversion and General Fatigue (r = 0,96), followed by Leg Fatigue and Thirst. Motivation, the task at hand and an attainable goal appear to be important considerations in prolonged work performance. Relative intensity appears a valid tool for use in prolonged work studies due to its high predictive capacity for endurance performance times (r=-0,91). It is concluded that workloads considerably below 55% of maximal aerobic capacity are indicated as acceptable workloads for an 8 hour working day.

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Blackwood, Susan Kim. « Aspects of fitness and physical activity patterns in Edinburgh school children ». Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57657/.

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There is growing concern that many children in Britain do not take sufficient exercise to benefit cardiovascular health. This is supported by extensive evidence advocating the importance of regular physical activity for lifelong health and well-being, and is of particular relevance in Scotland given it's notorious record of adult coronary heart disease death. This study examined aspects of fitness and physical activity in groups of Edinburgh school children, aged between 13 and 14 years. A three stage investigation was adopted: Phase One: A repeated measures, same subject design was used to examine the reliability and validity of selected measures (20m shuttle run test, peak oxygen uptake (V02 Peak), and anthropometric measures). Thirty three children (15 boys, 18 girls) performed each test on 3 separate days. Anthropometric measures showed strong reliability (r > 0.94, n=33) whilst reliability for the treadmill test ofV02 peak and shuttle run performance was lower (r=0.89 and r=0.79 respectively). Multiple regression analysis yielded a new equation for predicting V02 peak for children. This age specific prediction equation incorporated shuttle run performance in conjunction with skinfold thickness measures (Boys, R2=0.64 SEE=3.46; Girls, R2=0.79, SEE=2.81). Repeat testing was also recommended. Phase Two: An evaluation of methods of heart rate data analysis to assess physical activity in children. Twenty eight children (14 boys, 14 girls) wore continuous heart rate monitors (polar Electro PE4000, Finland) over a period of 7 days (Monday to Sunday), mean duration 737 (+/-55) mins/day. A detailed 7 day self report activity diary was also completed. Variability of heart rate measures was high (R=0.10-0.30), and it was noted that using data for just 4 days or less resulted in considerable underestimation of total weekly activity levels (44-100% error). If activity levels are to be compared against current recommendations, researchers must endeavour to achieve weekly rather than daily estimates of activity. Evaluation of methods of heart rate data analysis showed good correlation between heart rate activity indices and reported seven day activity. For boys strongest correlation was achieved using the number of 5 minute periods with HR > 139 b.min"l and the number of 5 minute periods with HR > 50% heart rate reserve (r=0.80, n=14). Total activity time was similar for both males and females but girls engaged in fewer sustained bouts of activity (>5 minutes) and a better correlate with activity in females was achieved using the total number of elevated heart rates (total HR > 50% heart rate reserve, r=0.64, n=14). Phase Three: A cross sectional survey was conducted to investigate standards of aerobic fitness and patterns of physical activity in groups of Edinburgh school children. Height, weight, skinfold thickness, shuttle run performance and physical activity (assessed by heart rate monitoring and activity diary) were recorded in a sample of 91 children (44 Boys, 47 Girls). Overall, males performed significantly better on the shuttle run test (t=5.4, df=88, p < 0.05), had higher predicted peak oxygen uptake (t=5.6, df=87, p < 0.05), and engaged in more bouts of moderate to vigorous activity than females. Seventy percent of boys and 50% of girls fulfilled current physical activity guidelines. Most activities were school based (131 mins per week as compared to 85 mins per week of out of school activities). Activity tended to be sporadic with active days interspersed with inactive days (mean 3.2 +/·1.6 days per week). After school activities specifically targeting young girls should be promoted.

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Nustad, Jill K. « Changes in aerobic capacity following an endurance training program as a function of age ». Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774742.

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The recent American college of Sports Medicine Position Stand concerning the quantity and quality of exercise for developing cardiovascular fitness (1) suggests a need for more information concerning the rate of improvement in aerobic power as a function of age. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether the change in maximal oxygen uptake (AVO2max) following endurance training varies as a function of age. Subjects were healthy men (N=277) and women (N=161), ranging in age from 20-72 years, who completed an endurance training program (= 3-5 months) between 1972 and 1987. The standard training stimulus consisted of individualized aerobic exercise (walking, walk-jog, or jogging) at about 75-85% maximal heart rate reserve for = 30-60 minutes, 3-4 sessions per week. A description of the %OVO2max expressed in relative and absolute terms, ± SEE are presented below.Variable20-29 yrs30-39 yrs40-49 yrs50-59 yrs60-69 yrsM 9/6AV02max ml•kg-1-min-'17.1 ± 13.220.0 ± 11.817.3 ± 13.319.5 ± 13.719.8 ± 9.1M%%OV02maxLmin-112.6 ± 10.616.0 ± 11.514.7 ± 11.616.6 ± 15.116.2 ± 9.8F °/oA VO2max mlkg''•min-'16.3 ± 9.022.5 ± 13.119.0 ± 10.917.6 ± 13.415.4 ± 6.8F%OV02maxL.min-'15.2±12.321.7±12.716.6±11.515.7±13.411.9±9.8N=Men women)20(17)87(54)112(51)46(30)12(9)A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between age and %OVO2max in both relative and absolute units, after adjusting for other parameters known to effect the training response. After adjusting for pre-training VO2max.(ml-kg-1-min-1) there was a significant negative correlation between OVO2max and age in both men (r = -0.31, p < 0.01) and women(r = -0.37, p < 0.01). When expressed as %OVO2max (L•min-1), the resultsrevealed the same age trend as that observed for the relative unit. Since the AVO2max after =3-5 months of training decreased as a function of age, this study supported the contention that training adaptations may be attenuated with increased age.
School of Physical Education

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Lombard, Tamara Neubauer. « Improving physical activity adherence : the effects of self-control strategies, telephone prompting using lifestyle physical activity / ». Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164730/.

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Matheri, Joseph Mwangi. « Physical inactivity among adolescents with physical disabilities attending high schools in Kenya ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3717_1258009225.

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Physical inactivity together with overweight and obesity has emerged as a major health risk factor for chronic disease of lifestyle as coronary heart disease, diabetes type 2, and hypertension affecting adolescents with physical disabilities in developed countries. This has contributed to the increase of social and economic costs of healthcare and social services in these countries. Review of literature has revealed that little has been documented about the status of adolescents with physical disabilities in developing countries. This study, therefore, aimed at establishing the degree of physical inactivity among high school adolescents with physical disabilities in Kenya.

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Maroun, Martin J. « Physical conditioning and nitric oxide production during exercise ». Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35219.

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Nitric Oxide (NO) has been detected in the expiratory air of normal animals and human subjects. Recent experiments revealed that expiratory NO production rises during exercise and correlates well with O$ sb2$ consumption and heart rate. Whether or not physical conditioning influences expiratory NO output production remains unclear. In this study, NO concentration in expired gas was measured in 18 healthy male volunteers subdivided into 3 groups (sedentary, intermediate, athletes) based on their state of physical conditioning. Measurements were taken at rest and during two steady-state exercise bouts on a bicycle ergometer designed to elicit VO$ sb2$ of 1 and 2 1/min with the athletes performing an additional bout at VO$ sb2$ of 4 1/min. In the sedentary and intermediate groups, expired NO concentrations declined significantly with increasing VO$ sb2.$ In contrast, expired NO levels declined only slightly with increasing VO$ sb2$ in athletes. At a VO$ sb2$ of 2 1/min, expired NO concentrations were significantly higher in athletes compared with the other groups. When correlated with V$ rm sb{E},$ expired NO concentrations declined linearly with the increase in $ rm V sb{E}$ in sedentary and intermediate groups but not in the athletes. Only the athletes had a significant linear increase in NO output (expired NO x V$ rm sb{E})$ with increasing VO$ sb2$ (p $<$ 0.001). These results support the notion that physical conditioning increases expiratory NO output during exercise. We speculate that the rise in expiratory NO output in athletes might be due to increased vascular and/or epithelial production of NO. Enhanced vascular NO production may be the result of increased shear stress and/or upregulation of endothelial NO synthase gene expression.

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Zhong, Tao. « The causality orientations scale for physical activity : development, validation and initial application among Chinese adults ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/597.

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Despite the compelling evidence that physical activity, especially regular physical activity plays a key role in enhancing health and well-being, many people remain physically inactive. To promote physical activity among the general adult population, identifying possible correlates is essential. In this regard, self-determination theory (SDT) with its motivational perspective may provide useful insight. This research examined the collective effect of the sub-theories of SDT (causality orientations theory, basic psychological needs theory, and organismic integration theory) on physical activity behavior explanation among Chinese adults. Given the lack of a measure for causality orientations in the context of physical activity behavior, an attempt was firstly made to develop and validate a psychometrically sound tool, namely the causality orientations scale for physical activity (COS-PA). The COS-PA was developed and validated in multiple phases. First, a scenario/item pool was created from multiple sources. Second, the pool was subjected to face validity, content validity, clarity, readability and comprehensibility appraisal. Adjustments were then made to finalize the initial scale. Third, the factorial, convergent and discriminant validity of the initial COS-PA were assessed via a series of exploratory factor analyses (EFAs), and correlated-trait, correlated-uniqueness analysis in the multi-trait, multi-method approach with two independent samples. The nomological validity of the scale was assessed by correlation analysis with theoretically linked constructs. In addition, the potential effect of social desirability bias of participants’ response to the COS-PA was checked. Fourth, the COS-PA’s reliability was evaluated using multiple methods, including Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, composite reliability and test-retest reliability. Subsequently, the proposed SDT process model (established based on the tenet of SDT and previous findings) was examined for physical activity explanation in an independent sample. Overall, the COS-PA exhibited sufficient validity and reliability in the multi-phasic tests. The proposed SDT process model, describing a motivational sequence whereby causality orientations and perceived autonomy support independently explain basic psychological needs satisfaction and behavioral regulation, which in turn explains PA behavior was partially supported. Moreover, potential indirect effects in the SDT model were examined. Although scale validation is an on-going process, these findings provide evidence for the COS-PA’s adequate psychometric properties and value for future use. Furthermore, the findings lead to a deeper understanding of the explanatory efficacy of the macro-SDT framework (i.e. the SDT process model) for physical activity explanation among the Chinese population. The findings highlight the positive roles of autonomy causality orientation and perceived autonomy support for basic psychological needs satisfaction, self-determined behavioral regulation and physical activity behavior.

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MAUK, JACQUELINE KERN. « RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ASSESSMENT OF THE EXERCISE SUITABILITY SCALE ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188035.

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This study examined the reliability and the validity of the Exercise Suitability Scale (ESS). The ESS was a psychometric instrument developed to measure the suitability of four different forms of exercise (aerobics, bicycling, jogging, and swimming) for different individuals. Aspects of Exercise Suitability included in the ESS were ease, satisfaction, enjoyableness, fatigue, interest, convenience, comfort, safety, affordability, and time-involvement. Background information relating to the development of the ESS as well as methods and results of testing the instrument for reliability and validity were included in this study. Data from a student population were used for estimating the reliability and validity of the ESS. Reliability testing included computing inter-item and item-to-total correlation coefficients, Cronbach's alpha, and internal consistency coefficients (theta and omega) derived from factor analytic techniques. Several types of validity were assessed: content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. Criterion-related validity was estimated by comparing scores on the ESS with information about participation in exercise. Multiple regression was also used to assess criterion-related validity. Principal components analysis was used to examine the construct and content validity of the ESS. Construct validity was also estimated by correlating ESS scale scores with a parallel instrumentation approach, a Q-Sort. Satisfactory reliability indices were obtained for all four ESS exercise scales. Criterion-related validity indices were also adequate. Factor analysis provided some evidence of content validity of the ESS, but provided little support for the construct validity of the ESS. Construct validity was supported, however by the convergence approach.

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Hene, Nceba Mzimkulu. « Physical fitness of elite women's rugby union players over a competition season ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6193_1305016359.

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The primary aim of this study was to investigate the changes in physical fitness characteristics of elite women&rsquo
s rugby union players over the duration of the season. Thirty two elite female rugby players who were identified as members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad were assessed on three separate occasions (pre-season, mid-season and post-season) throughout the competition season. The players were sub-divided into two positional categories consisting of 17 forwards and 15 backs. On all testing occasions, players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (sit-and-reach, vertical jump, 10m and 40m speed, 1 RM bench press
pull-ups
1 min push-ups and multi-stage shuttle run test). A two&ndash
factor analysis of variance evaluated differences in the physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season.

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Livres sur le sujet "Physical fitness – Sociological aspects"

Ti yu zhe xue yan jiu. Beijing : Beijing ti yu da xue chu ban she, 2009.

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1958-, Holowchak Mark, dir. Aretism : An ancient sports philosophy for the modern sports world. Lanham, Md : Lexington Books, 2011.

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Kazmaier, Dick. Physical fitness is ageless. [Washington, D.C.?] : President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 1988.

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Kazmaier, Dick. Physical fitness is ageless. [Washington, D.C.?] : President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 1988.

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Kazmaier, Dick. Physical fitness is ageless. [Washington, D.C.?] : President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 1988.

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Toepfer, Karl Eric. Empire of ecstasy : Nudity and movement in German body culture, 1910-1935. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1997.

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Johnson, Perry B. Fitness & you. Philadelphia : Saunders College Pub., 1988.

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W, Jackson Allen, dir. Physical activity for health and fitness. Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, 1999.

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Food for fitness. 3^e éd. London : A. & C. Black, 2007.

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Camaione, David N. Fitness management. Dubuque, IA : Brown & Benchmark, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Physical fitness – Sociological aspects"

Bîrsan, Gabriel. « Romania : Physical Captivity and Spiritual Freedom – Historical, Sociological and Legal Aspects of Religion in the Prison System ». Dans Boundaries of Religious Freedom : Regulating Religion in Diverse Societies, 317–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36834-0_20.

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Branin, Joan Julia. « Improving Work Capacity and HRQoL : The Role of QoL Technologies ». Dans Quantifying Quality of Life, 165–85. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_8.

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AbstractFitness technology, including trackers and smartphone applications (apps), has become increasingly popular for measuring and encouraging physical activity in recent years. Physical activity is closely linked with health and well-being; however, many Americans do not engage in regular exercise. This trend of inactivity increases with age and can interfere with an individual’s capacity to work. The benefits of physical activity and fitness extend beyond job performance and physical aspects of work capacity and include longer life and enhanced quality of life. This literature review addresses the question: How does the use of self-management QoL technologies affect work capacity and reported quality of life? It examines (1) the factors associated with variations in work capacity and quality of life; (2) the state-of-art of personalized, miniaturized computing QoL technologies for measuring and improving physical activity and fitness levels; (3) the use of activity trackers to quantify work capacity; and (4) strategies to enhance use of Web-based tools and fitness technology for behavioral change, health management, and rehabilitation interventions for the self-management of work capacity and enhancement of health-related quality of life across the lifespan. This chapter concludes with recommendations for future development of tools for the assessment and improvement of working capacity.

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Bernardi, Laura, et Dimitri Mortelmans. « Introduction : Advances in Research on Shared Physical Custody by Interdisciplinary Approaches ». Dans European Studies of Population, 1–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_1.

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AbstractThis introductory chapter provides the rationale for adopting an interdisciplinary approach to study the implications of shared physical custody arrangements for families and their members. The Chapter gives a rapid overview of the current state of the literature on shared physical custody in the legal, sociological and psychological literature and highlights the uncertainties and controversial aspects still open to exploration in this field. It addresses the specific research needs in order to move forward from the current situation, where evidence on shared physical custody produce results that are scattered across disciplines and hard to compare across contexts. It concludes by arguing that the complexity of shared physical custody implications in terms of health, educational, relational and living standards requires research from different disciplinary fields in order to agree on a comprehensive theoretical perspective, standardize definitions and collect longitudinal and comparable data on the custody arrangements and their normative environments.

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« PHYSICAL FITNESS AND JOB REQUIREMENTS : TRAINING ASPECTS ». Dans Contemporary Ergonomics, 15–21. CRC Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482272437-2.

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Bakiko, I. V., et R. Ye Cherkashyn. « Comparative characteristics of morpho-functional development and indicators of physical fitness of schoolchildren ». Dans THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, 1–19. Izdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-089-6-1.

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VILLARREAL-SALAZAR, Angelly del Carmen, María Cristina ENRIQUEZ-REYNA, Perla Lizeth HERNÁNDEZ-CORTÉS et Rosa Elena MEDINA-RODRÍGUEZ. « Assessment of physical activity, sedentary behaviors and physical fitness in perimenopausal women ». Dans CIERMMI Women in Science Medicine and Health Sciences Handbooks T-XIII, 57–77. ECORFAN-Mexico, S.C., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2021.13.57.77.

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Introduction. Promoting active lifestyles to maintain physical functionality in middle-aged women implies field assessments which could sometimes be considered subjective or problematic. The proposal was to analyze physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and physical fitness in perimenopausal women living in the urban area of Monterrey. Methods. An analytical and descriptive study that includes comparative and association aspects with a single measurement. A personal data form was applied, as well as accelerometry with an ActiGraph GT3X+ movement detector, the AMAI Socioeconomic Level Questionnaire, the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Long Form. Physical fitness was assessed in relation to strength in the upper limbs (dynamometry) and lower limbs (30 second Sit to Stand Test) in addition to balance (Unipedal Stance Test). Data analysis was performed with the SPPS software, version 21.0; with descriptive and inferential statistics considering a critical value of 0.05 for Cronbach's alpha. Results. According to the IPAQ report, 54.8% of the participants meet the global recommendations for health, whereas, with accelerometry, the result was 52.4% (p > 0.05). On average, the participants spend more than 850 minutes a day in sedentary activities. No differences were found between the self-report and the objective accelerometry measurement of PA and sedentary behaviors in the participants of this sample. In more than half of the participants, physical fitness is considered as of a low level for all the tests considered. The participants who are housewives presented more PA in their leisure time than those who work (p < .05). Excess weight exerted an effect on overall physical activity and on balance with the eyes open (p < .05). Conclusions. Perimenopausal women usually present excess weight, sedentary behaviors, and low level of physical fitness. In this sample, no differences were found between the self-report of PA and sedentary behaviors in relation to the accelerometry measurement. Promoting active lifestyles and physical assessment in the life stage is advisable to maintain physical functionality prior to old age.

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Ohara, Sabine Ursula, Ashley D. Milton et Tia D. Jeffery. « Local Food and Fitness ». Dans Changing Urban Landscapes Through Public Higher Education, 144–69. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3454-9.ch007.

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The 11th Street Bridge Park is an ambitious project that will connect Washington DC Wards 6 and 8 by replacing a retired bridge across the Anacostia River. The new 11th Street Bridge will be the city's first elevated public park built on the piers of the old bridge. The Bridge Park will feature local food, recreation, health, and the arts. The UDC College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES) is a key partner in the project and has worked with community groups to anchor the bridge park through community gardens, food production workshops, and nutrition classes. Over 200 raised bed gardens have been built, and Ward 6 and 8 residents have learned to grow and prepare food. While the Bridge Park builds a physical bridge, the community work of CAUSES brings the social and cultural aspects of the project into focus. This chapter describes the transformative work of empowering urban residents to grow food and to use their local expertise in collaboration with CAUSES land-grant specialists to improve their economic condition and adopt healthier lifestyles.

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Rosenko, Svetlana Ivanovna, et Vladimir Vladimirovich Puzh. « Sociological aspects ot the development of higher vocational education in the field of physical culture and sports ». Dans Sociology and Society : Traditions and Innovations in the Social Development of Regions, 4332–37. Russian Society Of Sociologists of FCTAS RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.510.

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Tham, See Wan, Anna C. Wilson, Lexa K. Murphy et Tonya M. Palermo. « Measurement of health-related quality of life and physical function ». Dans Oxford Textbook of Pediatric Pain, sous la direction de Bonnie J. Stevens, Gareth Hathway et William T. Zempsky, 430–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0041.

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This chapter reviews the measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical function in pediatric pain populations, including details about questionnaire and performance-based measures, and recommendations for their use. Because many children and adolescents with pain report impairment in participation in physical activities, physical functioning is a core target and intervention outcome. The domain of physical functioning encompasses a number of constructs such as physical fitness, physical activity, and disability, which are interrelated, but represent distinct aspects of functioning. Moreover, HRQoL is a broader concept that subsumes physical and psychosocial function. There are a wide variety of measurement tools, but no established guidelines for measurement. Better understanding of assessment of HRQoL and physical function may enable clinicians and researchers to track functional performance and changes over time, and improve the design and testing of effective interventions for children with pain.

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Ras, Jaron, et Lloyd Leach. « Use of Mobile Technology in Assessing Occupational Performance and Stress in Firefighters ». Dans Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 150–86. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3996-8.ch008.

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Firefighters are required to maintain all aspects of their health and wellness in order to sustain their fitness for duty. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as a reliable tool when assessing the stressors placed on firefighters, be it physical, emotional, or psychological. This review determined the usefulness of using HRV as a tool to determine the physical, physiological, and psychological health of firefighters at a more regular and frequent scale. HRV is a versatile technology with a plethora of uses, particularly in monitoring the cardiovascular strain as a result of firefighting and recovery post-fire suppression. In addition, the literature showed that HRV could be used to successfully monitor physical fitness, physiological stress, psychological stress, decision making, risk taking behavior and recovery in firefighters. The use of mobile technology measuring HRV may be used to successfully assess firefighter occupational performance. In future research, longitudinal studies investigating HRV use in firefighters are warranted.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Physical fitness – Sociological aspects"

Dimitrova, Albena. « CURRENT SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO TENNIS IN THE SYSTEM OF BULGARIAN SCHOOL EDUCATION ». Dans INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/137.

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ABSTRACT The scientific report is dedicated to problems related to tennis at the Institute of Education, which participates in the processes of socialization to sports through sports programs. Research interest is also related to the opportunities for adequate socialization through tennis, as a major mechanism for maintaining social order in modern society. The aim of the empirical sociological research is to reveal some aspects related to the main forms of physical education classes for students and organized independent extracurricular activities in tennis in the system of Bulgarian school education and subsequent adequate socialization through sports. The object of this study are a total of 120 students from municipal and private schools in Sofia and Plovdiv. To solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology of research of literature sources, observation, talk, content analysis is applied. Specially developed questionnaires were used. Based on an in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data related to the issues in different schools, the attitude to the learning process is studied, different aspects of the activities are analyzed and practical measures for improving student preparation are outlined, including opportunities for additional funding for schools. Conclusion: knowledge and creative mastery of knowledge in this field of science and their application in practice changes in a positive direction the physical development and ability to work, and as a result the health and academic performance of students.

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Shikunova, Valeria Alexandrovna. « FITNESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDENTS'S HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOR STUDENTS ». Dans Russian science : actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-599/601.

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The article discusses the main features and characteristics of one of the types of physical activity - fitness. Identified problems associated with the lack of interest of young people in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The positive aspects of fitness for students are presented, and the role of fashion trends in the development of enthusiasm for this sport is described

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Pacheco de Lima, Arthur, et Priscilla Gonçalves de Azevedo. « Thebenefitsofballetfitnessonthequality oflifeofitspractitioners ». Dans 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212407.

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BalletFitnessisaphysicalactivitythatincludesclassicballetmovementsassociatedwithaerobic training, which may have gained in muscle hypertrophy. This work aims tounderstandthecontributionofBalletFitness,itsinfluence,andbenefitsforthequalityoflife of its practitioner, in the physical, social and mental aspects. As a methodologicalstrategy, we used a systematic literature review, as well as the analysis of works suchasarticles, dissertations, theses, and course completion papers researched through the term"Ballet Fitness" in Portuguese, between the years 2016 to 2021, in the database: GoogleAcademic, Scielo and BVS. Among the results obtained, it was found that Ballet Fitnesscanbeused topromotethe qualityoflifeofits practitioners,asit isanactivitythathas adirect relationship to personal achievement, through exercises typical of a classic balletclass associated with exercises practiced in gyms. It was possible to conclude that in thephysical aspects, Ballet Fitness provides a significant difference in the results of arm,chest,hipcircumference,increaseddisposition,bodydefinition,weightloss,improvementinphysicalconditioningandendurance,increasedflexibility,improvementin mobility, the enhancement of physical fitness and strength of the lower limbs. In thesocial aspects, the creation of bonds of friendship between the practitioners of BalletFitness was found, and the reason for making people more confident, not only in theclassroomenvironmentbutinsocietyingeneral. Inthementalaspects,itwaspossibletoobserve personal satisfaction through the realization of a dream, which is the practice ofballet through physical activity,reduction in the level of stress, pleasure in the practice,feeling of accomplishment, and, mainly, improvement in self-esteem. And in terms ofquality of life, it was possible to positively observe the perception of individuals abouttheirpositioninthepracticeofBalletFitness,withinthecontextofthecultureandvaluessystems in which it is inserted and in relation to its goals, expectations, standards, andconcerns.

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Chuykova, T. S. « Psychological resources of professional selfrealization of a teacher of a higher school under conditions of pre-employment ». Dans INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.694.707.

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The article presents an analysis of psychological resources that are important for the productive professional implementation of university teachers in modern conditions of employment. These conditions are noted by such features as job insecurity, job intensification and flexibilization. As psychological resources, the author considers such complex phenomena as resilience, hardiness, personal potential, as well as more narrow personality characteristics: optimism, self-efficacy, mindfulness. As the conditions that help a person cope with stresses, the author’s attention turns to the physical and social aspects of a person’s life support in difficult life circumstances: physical fitness, the presence of social support. The author shows that these psychological characteristics, phenomena and conditions can be involved in the prevention of psychological, somatic and social consequences of experiencing job insecurity among teachers of higher education.

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Ivanova, Veronika, et Galina Semenova. « Skiers Training Management Based on Integrated Control ». Dans The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-66.

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The article focuses on the issues of embracing integrated control in sports as a tool for athlete training management. Currently, in order to determine the functional state and physical fitness of athletes, conventional control methods are currently widely complemented with diagnostic equipment. Its application in athlete training management has been proven quite efficient. Owing to modern approaches to integrated control, it becomes feasible to prevent the overtraining of athletes. The significance of integrated control increases with the growth of performance in all sports, including skiing. At that, the training process becomes more intense and the workload increases. Hence, it is clear that the matter of integrated control has been growing in relevance. In the course of the study of top-class skiers, functional status and physical fitness were monitored using modern diagnostic equipment. In particular, testing was carried out with the MARG device, which revealed the body’s functional state, impaired regulation of the cardiovascular system and overtraining. The skiers’ speed and power abilities were also assessed using a Techno Gym Bike Forma vertical ergometer (Italy). Cardiovascular system adaptation to physical loads was tested via a bicycle ergometer with a sequentially increasing load. The test findings enabled the evaluation of the athletes’ preparedness, which consequently allowed for further training sessions to be planned. The coronavirus epidemic outbreak has affected all aspects of the athlete’s training, including the implementation of comprehensive controls. The possibility of conducting comprehensive online monitoring should be sought.

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Stanescu, Monica, Marius Stoicescu et Lucian Bejan. « EVALUATION MODEL OF THE TEENAGERS' ACTIVE LIFESTYLE ». Dans eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-204.

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One of the major components of the life quality is represented by the active lifestyle. The school educative programs should build up a series of competences allowing the young people to practice physical exercises also in their leisure time. The positive effects of this kind of activities will be reflected at all personality levels (physical, cognitive, emotional, and social). But nowadays, one of the most alarming aspects concerning the young people lifestyle is the increased tendency to adopt sedentary habits early at the age. That is the reason for why in this paper we approach the necessity to identify an evaluation model of the teenagers’ activism. The novelty of this evaluation approach is conferred by the missing demarches interested in calibrating the biomonitoring equipment’s that measure the indicators of the active lifestyle at adolescents’ level (heart rate, number of steps/day, number of calories, active time, distance). We have chosen this target group because, in some previous studies, there were identified a decreasing tendency of their cardiovascular fitness and an increasing tendency to become overweight. This information is also presented in the literature, often being associated with the analysis of other diseases. Starting from the aspects mentioned above, we present in this paper how it is possible to integrate a technological component represented by a Smart Sport Watch (designed with integrated GPS and heart rate monitor), in a evaluation model designed to objectify the adolescents’ active lifestyle and to offer a functional model able to put the basis for a referential database specific for this population.

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Svobodová, Lenka, Martin Sebera, Kateřina Strašilová, Tomáš Hlinský, Marie Crhová, Andrea Martincová, Petr Vajda et Nikola Stračárová. « The impact of different types of physical activity on walking as a vital everyday movement in older adults ». Dans 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-40.

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Introduction:Due to an international trend of the aging population, we see increased attention paid to studies dealing with the factors that have a positive or negative impact on successful aging. As we know, a higher level of physical activity and thus increased physical fitness sig-nificantly affect the quality of aging. One of the major problems in the elderly is the risks of falls. This age group is at high risk of injuries caused by falls. Analyses of aspects related to the falls revealed the significance of lower muscular tension, previous experience with falling, the bad stereotype of the walk, impaired balanced abilities, and so on. Purpose: In this study, we focused on the impact of different types of physical activity on walking as a vital everyday movement. Methods: Fortyfour older adults (Mage 69,09 years, SD 4,25; 22 male and 22 female) were randomly assigned to four groups, three training groups, and one control group; resistance training group, proprioceptive training group, endurance training group. The group consisted of seniors without a history of malignant disease during their life and without regular physical activity. All groups were tested on timed 10-meter walk test (10MWT), the 3-m backward walk (3MBW), and the 6-minute walk test (6MWD) at baseline, after 12 weeks and after 14 weeks (2 weeks after finishing intervention program). The 10MWT is used to assess walking speed over a short distance. The 3MBW is a test-close related fall risk. The 6MWD is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered over a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity. Results: We revealed differences between the types of exercises and the sustain-ability of the acquired skills. Results indicated significant improvements in gait speed in all ex-ercise groups. Subsequent measurements after a 14-day off indicated a slight deterioration trend in all groups. The resistance group showed the best results in the walk-back test. This group was the only one to maintain its standard also after 14-days off. All groups, including control, showed an improvement in aerobic capacity and endurance (measured by 6MWD). We found out differences between groups only after 14-day off. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the usefulness of performing targeted physical activity in older adults. Resistance and proprioceptive training has shown an important role in the pre-vention of falls.

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Sekot, Aleš. « Parents and their Children’s Sports ». Dans 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29.

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An essay is rooted in the exploration of broader complex context of the phenomenon of phys-ical motion and sportive activities in contemporary sedentary society. It is at that time the topical problem of pointed parenting styles that is freshen and enliven in the context of edu-cational support aiming to active life orientation, including regular sportive activities. The spe-cific accents and educational methods of parenting are playing crucial role in this respect at the level of authoritative, authoritarian, liberal and neglecting styles (Sekot, 2019). Parenting styles prefiguring motivation of children to regular sportive activities and responsible attitude to life. And such process is going under way of socialization factors and impacts, bringing up to date the sociological links and context of mutual relation to motivation of children and youth to sport also in the context of organizational sportive activities out of the family. Now-adays we face forming socially and culturally determined relation child – parents – trainer (coach). Like this relation yields in the context of the climate of consumerist postmodern soci-ety adoring top elite athletes. Such cultural milieu forms potential conflicts of interests of mo-tivation, experience and pointing separate participants of such „triangle“. Given situation aim our effort to the crucial topic of parental responsibility as well as to growing educational and socialization importance of trainers and coaches. During the synergic process are pervaded practical aspects of the importance of age and motivation; but parental role is in this respect utterly essential and indispensable. Parental role is growing when parents play modelling role by way of mutual sportive activities with children. Thus, as it is in the essay substantiate with relevant research pieces of information and empirical data on parental role in motivation of children to regular physical activity and sport.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Physical fitness – Sociological aspects"

Lindow, Steven, Isaac Barash et Shulamit Manulis. Relationship of Genes Conferring Epiphytic Fitness and Internal Multiplication in Plants in Erwinia herbicola. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573065.bard.

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Most bacterial plant pathogens colonize the surface of healthy plants as epiphytes before colonizing internally and initiating disease. The epiphytic phase of these pathogens is thus an important aspect of their epidemiology and a stage at which chemical and biological control is aimed. However, little is known of the genes and phenotypes that contribute to the ability of bacteria to grow on leaves and survive the variable physical environment in this habitat. In addition, while genes such as hrp awr and others which confer pathogenicity and in planta growth ability have been described, their contribution to other aspects of bacterial epidemiology such as epiphytic fitness have not been addressed. We hypothesized that bacterial genes conferring virulence or pathogenicity to plants also contribute to the epiphytic fitness of these bacteria and that many of these genes are preferentially located on plasmids. We addressed these hypotheses by independently identifying genes that contribute to epiphytic fitness, in planta growth, virulence and pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia herbicola pv gypsophilae which causes gall formation on gypsophila. This species is highly epiphytically fit and has acquired a plasmid (pPATH) that contains numerous pathogenicity and virulence determinants, which we have found to also contribute to epiphytic fitness. We performed saturation transposon mutagenesis on pPATH as well as of the chromosome of E.h. gypsophilae, and identified mutants with reduced ability to grow in plants and/or cause disease symptoms, and through a novel competition assay, identified mutants less able to grow or survive on leaves. The number and identity of plasmid-borne hrp genes required for virulence was determined from an analysis of pPATH mutants, and the functional role of these genes in virulence was demonstrated. Likewise, other pPATH-encoded genes involved in IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis were characterized and their pattern of transcriptional activity was determined in planta. In both cases these genes involved in virulence were found to be induced in plant apoplasts. About half of avirulent mutants in pPATH were also epiphytically unfit whereas only about 10% of chromosomal mutants that were avirulent also had reduced epiphytic fitness. About 18% of random mutants in pPATH were avirulent in contrast to only 2.5% of random chromosomal mutants. Importantly, as many as 28% of pPATH mutants had lower epiphytic fitness while only about 10% of random chromosomal mutants had lower epiphytic fitness. These results support both of our original hypotheses, and indicate that genes important in a variety of interactions with plant have been enriched on mobile plasmids such as pPATH. The results also suggest that the ability of bacteria to colonize the surface of plants and to initiate infections in the interior of plants involves many of the same traits. These traits also appear to be under strong regulatory control, being expressed in response to the plant environment in many cases. It may be possible to alter the pattern of expression of such genes by altering the chemical environment of plants either by genetic means or by additional or chemical antagonists of the plant signals. The many novel bacterial genes identified in this study that are involved in plant interactions should be useful in further understanding of bacterial plant interactions.

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