Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Photopiles – Matériaux – Structure »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Photopiles – Matériaux – Structure":
Charles, Jean-Pierre, Ahmed Haddi, Alain Maouad, Hazri Bakhtiar, Abdellatif Zerga, Alain Hoffmann et Pierre Mialhe. « La Jonction du Solaire à la Microélectronique ». Journal of Renewable Energies 3, no 1 (30 juin 2000) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v3i1.906.
Thèses sur le sujet "Photopiles – Matériaux – Structure":
Raval, Parth. « Insights into structure-stability-property relationships in hybrid perovskites using solid-state NMR spectroscopy ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR081.
In the last decade, there has been a progressive increase in the performance of solution-processed hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which has been enabled by means of compositional tailoring and interfacial engineering of the perovskite absorber layer and the charge transport layers. However, the long-term operational stability of these materials, including state-of-the-art perovskite formulations, is a major bottleneck in commercializing these materials. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to understand the different degradation reactions and kinetics aspects of these reactions in hybrid perovskite layers and charge transport layers, especially in the presence of moisture. The degradation reactions in methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite formulation, in particular, MAPbI3, FAPbI3, and CsMAFAPbIxBr3-x, which are among the high-performing perovskite formulations in PSCs, are studied, analyzed, and compared. In doing so, these materials in crystalline and thin film forms are exposed to low (40% relative humidity, RH) and high (85% RH) water-vapor concentrations. However, the coexistence of the different organic/inorganic and hybrid byproducts and dilute concentrations of different phases formed during the degradation reactions raise challenges in terms of structural characterization. A multi-technique approach involving XRD, microscopy, and solid-state (ss)NMR spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the different degradation products. As a quantitative local characterization technique, ssNMR spectroscopy has notably the ability to probe dilute concentrations of organic byproducts formed upon degradation, which are challenging to detect using other structure-determining techniques. In particular, insights into the moisture-induced phase transformation reactions of FAPbI3 as a function of water vapor concentration, particle size, and light illumination have been obtained by this multi-technique approach. This concept has been later extended to investigate the cascading degradation reactions in MAPbI3-based perovskites with and without surface passivating agents. Our studies indicate that the stability of the perovskite can be adjusted from a few days to several months, depending on the moisture-exposure conditions. Finally, a combination of ssNMR, ssEPR, and computational modelling (NMR crystallography) has been employed to gain insight into the structure-stability-property relationship in a hole-transporting layer spiro-OMeTAD. A detailed study of degradation reactions using multiscale characterization techniques described in this thesis has wider implications for the molecular-level understanding of structure-processing-stability-property relationships in hybrid perovskites and charge transport layers
Sagnes, Bruno. « Elaboration du matériau absorbeur CuInSe2 par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur aux organométalliques en vue d'applications photovoltai͏̈ques : conception et réalisation du bâti ». Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20112.
Veschetti, Yannick. « Modélisation, caractérisation et réalisation de nouvelles structures photovoltaïques sur substrat de silicium mince ». Strasbourg 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13156.
Pastorelli, Francesco. « Light enhancements in nano-structured solar cells ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145638.
En el presente siglo, algunas de las prioridades son la escasez de la energía y la contaminación. Este trabajo describirá brevemente estos problemas y propondrá un plan de acción que combina el ahorro energético con diferentes fuentes sostenibles de energía. Dentro de estas fuentes de energía renovables, la energía solar es la más abundante. Con el objetivo de hacer la tecnología solar más sostenible y eficiente económicamente nos concentramos en aumentar las características ópticas en celdas solares de película delgada. Dentro de esta categoría, las celdas solares orgánicas son una buena opción porque su desarrollo requiere bajas cantidades de materiales y su fabricación es de baja energía embebida. Adicionalmente, esta tecnología puede ser liviana, transparente, flexible mecánicamente y modular para ser aplicada e integrada en varias soluciones arquitectónicas y de electrónica de consumo. Luego de estudiar los procesos físicos en tales dispositivos y de determinar las metodologías para aumentar ópticamente sus desempeños, mostraremos algunos ejemplos donde teórica y experimentalmente se colecta la radiación solar mediante antenas ópticas. Se reporta por primera vez, una antena de nanogap que acopla eficientemente la luz en la capa activa de la celda solar. Finalmente, se desarrolla el concepto de tecnología fotovoltaica integrada en edificaciones tras introducir algunos ejemplos de fachadas solares. Basados en nuestra investigación, fue posible diseñar y fabricar una celda solar orgánica transparente cuya transparencia en el rango visible estuvo por encima del 20% y una eficiencia de conversión foton-electron aumentada ópticamente que resulto notoriamente similar a la celda solar orgánica opaca equivalente.
La rareté grandissante des ressources en énergie associée à une augmentation de la pollution font partie des enjeux plus importants de ce siècle. Cette thèse décrira brièvement ces deux problématiques et proposera un plan d’action combinant économie d’énergie et diversité des sources d’énergies renouvelables. Parmi les formes d’énergies renouvelables disponibles, l’énergie solaire est la plus abondante. Pour faire de l’énergie solaire une ressource plus durable et plus rentable économiquement, nous proposons d’amplifier les propriétés optiques de cellules solaires en couches minces. Dans cette catégorie, les cellules solaires organiques représentent un choix pertinent de part la faible quantité de matériau nécessaire ainsi que la faible énergie nécessaire au procédé de fabrication. Cette technologie peut être légère, transparente et flexible de sorte qu’elle peut être utilisée dans différentes solutions architecturales s’adaptant à des produits électroniques pour le grand publique. Suivra la théorie sous jacente à ces dispositifs et l’explication de la manière dont leurs performances sont améliorées. Nous présenterons quelques exemples où l’on collecte la radiation solaire avec une antenne optique. Ainsi, nous faisons la toute première démonstration d’une antenne auto-assemblée qui couple efficacement la lumière dans le matériau constituant la couche mince que nous utilisons. Finalement, nous développons le concept de cellules photovoltaïques intégrées en présentant différents cas de façades solaires. Ces travaux nous ont permis de concevoir et de fabriquer une cellule solaire organique transparente avec une transparence dans le visible de 20% et une efficacité de conversion photon-électron améliorée, similaire à une cellule équivalente opaque.
La difficile reperibilità di risorse energetiche e l’inquinamento sono alcuni dei problemi più importanti di questo secolo. In questo lavoro saranno presentati brevemente questi temi proponendo un piano d’azione che abbini il risparmio energetico alle differenti fonti di energia rinnovabili. Nell’insieme delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili l’energia solare è senz’altro la più abbondante. Con l’obbiettivo di rendere lo sfruttamento di tale energia più sostenibile ed economicamente vantaggioso, ci premuriamo di migliorare le caratteristiche ottiche di celle fotovoltaiche a film sottile. In questa categoria utilizziamo, tra le diverse opzioni, le celle solari organiche in quanto la loro fabbricazione richiede una quantità di materiale minimo e un basso consumo energetico. Inoltre questi tipi di dispositivi possono essere leggeri, trasparenti, flessibili e conformabili alle superfici su cui sono applicati. Questa è una tecnologia che potrebbe essere implementata e integrata in varie soluzioni architettoniche o nell’ elettronica di consumo. Dopo aver presentato i principi fisici di tali dispositivi e determinato le metodologie ottiche per aumentarne le prestazioni, vengono illustrati alcuni esempi dove, teoricamente e sperimentalmente, riusciamo a intercettare la radiazione solare con antenne ottiche. Riportiamo, per la prima volta in letteratura, un’antenna ottica con nano-gap che accoppia efficacemente la luce solare nel nostro materiale attivo a film sottile. Nell’ultima parte sviluppiamo il concetto di tecnologia solare integrata negli edifici, introducendo alcuni esempi di facciate solari. Basando il design sulla nostra ricerca, è possibile realizzare una cella solare fotovoltaica organica trasparente, con una trasparenza superiore del 20% e un’ efficienza di conversione fotone-elettrone migliorata grazie all’ottica, che risulta molto vicina all’ equivalente cella fotovoltaica organica non trasparente.
Kilani, Mouna. « Étude de l'effet du dopage et du traitement thermique sur les propriètés optoélectroniques des couches minces d'In2S3 utilisées comme fenêtre optique dans un dispositif photovoltaïque ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20044/document.
The present work focuses on the development of binary material In2S3 thin films as an alternative to CdS in thin film solar cells based on CuInS2. We used the technique of Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) as it is non-expensive, non-toxic and easy to handle. Layers produced are characterized at different levels and scales: cristalline structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), chemical composition by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), optical properties by spectrophotometry and electrical conduction by thermally stimulated currents (TSC) and local mapping of currents. The objective of this work is the systematic study of the effects of aluminum or tin doping, and heat treatment of In2S3 thin films deposited on glass and SnO2. We achieved first a multilayer of CBD In2S3:Al(4%) formed by three successive deposits on glass and SnO2 substrates. Comparison of physicochemical characteristics is made with the undoped layer as reference features. The XRD study done for different Al concentrations, shows that In2S3:Al crystallizes in the cubic structure with preferential orientation (400). Better crystallization is obtained for a concentration of aluminum in the solution y = [Al] / [In] = 4%. The analysis shows that the optical gap is direct, it varies from 2.3 to 2.9 eV, the largest optical band is obtained for y = 4%. It is a good value for the use of the compound β-In2-xAlxS3 as optical window in photovoltaic devices. The effect of tin doping in In2S3 multilayers induces a better crystallinity, low roughness of the surface morphology and optical gap closer to the theoretical optimum, obtained for films grown on Pyrex substrate with a tin concentration equal to 2 ‰. Analysis by SEM on the wafer cleaved-edge showed that the average thickness of the layers decreases with increasing the concentration of tin. The presence of tin, even in very small quantities induced significant changes in the growth process of the film. The TSC study shows that increasing concentration of tin beyond 2‰ leads to a reduction of thermally stimulated current.Annealing at different temperatures under nitrogen is applied to doped and undoped layers studied previously. Heat treatment under nitrogen at 400 ° C causes a net increase of crystallite size for virtually all thin films doped or undoped deposited on glass or SnO2. The analysis by XRD showed a conversion of the cubic phase (400) to the tetragonal phase (109) for In2S3:Al(4%). Change the shape of the crystallites observed by AFM, also highlights the existence of another phase. The TSC analyzes show particular electrical behavior close to semiconductor type for the thin films doped with 4% Al and annealed at 400°C, as well as thin films doped with tin after annealing at 200°C. The local analysis of the conduction current in the layer of In2S3 shows inhomogeneities larger after heat treatment. However, good macroscopic results should allow to fabricate promising solar cells incorporating these layers