Bibliographies thématiques / Photon number resolving detector

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Photon number resolving detector »

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Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Photon number resolving detector"

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Fukuda, Daiji, Go Fujii, Takayuki Numata, Kuniaki Amemiya, Akio Yoshizawa, Hidemi Tsuchida, Hidetoshi Fujino et al. « Titanium Superconducting Photon-Number-Resolving Detector ». IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21, no 3 (juin 2011) : 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2089953.

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Thekkadath, G. S., B. A. Bell, I. A. Walmsley et A. I. Lvovsky. « Engineering Schrödinger cat states with a photonic even-parity detector ». Quantum 4 (2 mars 2020) : 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-03-02-239.

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When two equal photon-number states are combined on a balanced beam splitter, both output ports of the beam splitter contain only even numbers of photons. Consider the time-reversal of this interference phenomenon: the probability that a pair of photon-number-resolving detectors at the output ports of a beam splitter both detect the same number of photons depends on the overlap between the input state of the beam splitter and a state containing only even photon numbers. Here, we propose using this even-parity detection to engineer quantum states containing only even photon-number terms. As an example, we demonstrate the ability to prepare superpositions of two coherent states with opposite amplitudes, i.e. two-component Schrödinger cat states. Our scheme can prepare cat states of arbitrary size with nearly perfect fidelity. Moreover, we investigate engineering more complex even-parity states such as four-component cat states by iteratively applying our even-parity detector.
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ZHANG, G. Q., X. J. ZHAI, C. J. ZHU, H. C. LIU et Y. T. ZHANG. « THE SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIER — A NEW DETECTOR FOR SINGLE PHOTON-NUMBER-RESOLVING AT ROOM TEMPERATURE ». International Journal of Quantum Information 10, no 03 (avril 2012) : 1230002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749912300021.

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A new type of single photon detector, silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), — which has photon-number-resolving capability at room temperature, was introduced. The SiPM is composed of hundreds to thousands of Geiger mode avalanche photo-diodes (GAPD) pixels in size from several to several tens of microns integrated in one silicon chip. The SiPM can resolve the photon-number of a short light pulse by spatial multiplexing. The influence of relative high dark count rate on the quantum bit error rate (QBER) can be mitigated greatly by gating detection events and slightly cooling the detector. The key parameters of SiPM were demonstrated and the results show that the SiPM can reach the requirements for quantum information processing and applications.
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Fujiwara, Mikio, et Masahide Sasaki. « Photon Number Resolving Detector at Telecom Wavelengths : Charge Integration Photon Detector (CIPD) ». IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 13, no 4 (2007) : 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2007.903857.

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Thé, George André Pereira, et Rubens Viana Ramos. « Multiple-photon number resolving detector using fibre ring and single-photon detector ». Journal of Modern Optics 54, no 8 (20 mai 2007) : 1187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340601124825.

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Yoshizawa, Akio, et Hidemi Tsuchida. « Reconstruction of Photon Number Distribution without Relying on Photon Number-Resolving Detector ». Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no 11 (9 novembre 2005) : 8004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.8004.

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Kardynał, B. E., Z. L. Yuan et A. J. Shields. « An avalanche‐photodiode-based photon-number-resolving detector ». Nature Photonics 2, no 7 (15 juin 2008) : 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.101.

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Allevi, Alessia, Maria Bondani et Alessandra Andreoni. « Photon-number correlations by photon-number resolving detectors ». Optics Letters 35, no 10 (14 mai 2010) : 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.001707.

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Cai, Chen, Chen, Ma, Xu, Wu, Xu et Wu. « Quantum Calibration of Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors Based on Multi-pixel Photon Counters ». Applied Sciences 9, no 13 (29 juin 2019) : 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132638.

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In this paper, we reconstructed the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) of a photon-number-resolving detector (PNRD) based on a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) by means of quantum detector tomography (QDT) at 791 nm and 523 nm, respectively. MPPC is a kind of spatial-multiplexing PNRD with a silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD) array as the photon receiver. Experimentally, the quantum characteristics of MPPC were calibrated at 2 MHz at two different wavelengths. The POVM elements were given by QDT. The fidelity of the reconstructed POVM elements is higher than 99.96%, which testifies that the QDT is reliable to calibrate MPPC at different wavelengths. With QDT and associated Wigner functions, the quantum properties of MPPC can be calibrated more directly and accurately in contrast with those conventional methods of modeling detectors.
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Kalashnikov, Dmitry A., Si Hui Tan, Maria V. Chekhova et Leonid A. Krivitsky. « Accessing photon bunching with a photon number resolving multi-pixel detector ». Optics Express 19, no 10 (28 avril 2011) : 9352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.009352.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Photon number resolving detector"

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LOLLI, LAPO. « Photon-Number Resolving by Superconductive Devices ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2497951.

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Strong interests on optical quantum based metrology, quantum information and particularly in quantum cryptography are continuously growing. The main limitations to the developments in these fields are due to non-ideal devices: both single photon sources and single photon detectors. In these field of applications, detectors require to be able to resolve the number of photons in a light pulse. Presently state of the art indicates that classical semiconductor light detectors (i.e. avalanche photodiode or single photon avalanche diode) are not able to discriminate the number of photon arriving at the same time. In the meanwhile, superconducting devices have shown the possibility to resolve single photon pulses. One of the most promising superconducting detectors is the Transition-Edge Sensor (TES): a microcalorimeter that takes advantage of the sharp transition (few millikelvin) from the superconducting to the normal phase; for this reason it is sometimes called Superconductive Phase Thermometer (SPT). In the ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) wavelength range, the photons are absorbed directly by the superconductive thin film and the absorbed energy induces an increase of the TES resistance. Thanks to the applied bias voltage, which maintains the device in the transition region the photon absorption induces a decrease of the TES current, measured by a dc-SQUID amplifier, and the pulse integral of the bias power reduction corresponds to the absorbed energy. This means that TESs have the very interesting properties to be able to detect single photons with an intrinsic energy resolution, without filters or gratings, that limit the quantum efficiency. By contrary of classical detectors, if monochromatic light irradiates TESs, as usually happens in communication systems, they show the photon-number resolving (PNR) capability and due to the good signal to noise ratio TESs are almost free from dark counts. Moreover, in the superconducting detector family, TESs are the only true photon-number resolving detectors operating in the VIS-NIR range. Together with quantum information science, the PNR property results useful even for optical radiometry too. In the optical community, the candela - the International System (SI) unit for the luminous intensity - has not a common consensus whether its present definition fully satisfies the current and future needs of growing associated technology. Furthermore, actually there are substantial efforts directed toward a new definitions of four base SI units: the proposal wants to link the SI units to fundamental constants, leaving f.i. material artifact. Considering the recent advances in optical radiometry and in quantum technologies, for the candela world it means redefine its unit linking to the Planck constant and consequently expressing the luminous intensity unit in terms of photon number rather than optical power. This challenge has been accepted by several national metrology institutes to demonstrate the feasibility of redefining the candela. Inside this research project called `qu-candela', the TES PNR capability has been considered to build the bridge between the quantum and classical world of radiometry: i.e. the detector possibility to measure optical powers from one single photon per second to the lower limits of cryogenic radiometry, 104 photons per second. The theme of this work of thesis is to investigate both optical and electrical characterization of different kind of TESs based on a titanium/gold multilayer film, produced and developed at the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) of Torino. Thanks to the proximity effect, the multilayer allows to lower with continuity the critical temperature from that of the Ti bulk (Tc ~ 390 mK) to those of interest: ~ 300 mK and ~ 100 mK. Detectors with higher Tc have shown a faster response pulse with a relaxing time constant of the order of 200 ns, while for the lower Tc sensors, the time constant is about 10 µs. By contrary to the response time, the detector intrinsic energy resolution is proportional to its film critical temperature. Our sensors work to discriminate incident photon from UV wavelengths to those typical of the telecommunications, 1310 nm and 1550 nm. Irradiating a TES with an active area of 10x10 µm^2 by incident photons of 0.79 eV (corresponds to a wavelength 1570 nm), the best energy resolution obtained has been 0.18 eV. Detectors with higher active area 20x20 µm^2 have a worse energy resolution, because it is also proportional to the material film heat capacity. In the meanwhile due to the same reason these kind of sensors present a bigger saturation energy. This has allowed to investigate on the TES capability to discriminate up to 29 incident photons simultaneously. Until now, such count represents the bigger amount of photons discriminated by single photon detectors, without reaching the device saturation, with a linear behaviour. From this count it has been estimated 12 photons on average, per pulse, at 9 kHz repetition rate; this results in a photon flux of about 105 photons/s, demonstrating the possibility of having a detector able to work from low flux regime to 1 photon/s to flux measurable by conventional semiconductor device (f.i. single photon avalanche detector SPAD). An innovative absolute calibration technique for PNR detector has been demonstrated. The absolute technique is based on the Klyshko's efficient solution to measure detection efficiency in photon counting rate and well know for common click-no-click detector. In fact, exploiting the recent developments in quantum state world, it is possible to work with quasi single photon state, by using a parametric down conversion heralded single photon source, and calibrate PNR detectors without requiring reference standards. The best detection efficiency, of ca. 50%, has been reached by coupling the smaller active area detectors with a 9 µm core optical fiber, single mode at telecom wavelengths.
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Donati, Gaia. « Hybrid quantum information processing with continuous and discrete variables of light fields ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:673338dc-1233-43c8-be93-11b748a428a9.

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Quantum correlations play a fundamental role in quantum information science. The variety of their manifestations has become increasingly apparent following the development of novel light sources, protocols and photodetectors. One broad classification identifies two instances of non-classical correlations: particle and mode entanglement. These categories mirror two coexisting descriptions of quantum systems in terms of discrete and continuous variables of the electromagnetic field. The past decades have generated a number of promising results based on schemes which encompass elements from both frameworks, rather than viewing the two descriptions as mutually exclusive. In this context, it is possible to conceive and realise experiments where either the quantum resource or the detection system is 'hybrid'. Optical weak-field homodyne detectors bring together phase sensitivity and photon counting; as such, they represent a detection scheme which works across continuous and discrete variables of the radiation field. In this thesis we present a two-mode weak-field homodyne detection layout with added photon-number resolution and apply it to the study of a split single-photon state and a squeezed vacuum state. As a first test of the capabilities of this system, we investigate the reconstruction of relevant features of a given quantum resource - such as its photon statistics - with our detection scheme. Further, we experimentally demonstrate the observation of an instance of non-classical optical coherence which combines the continuous- and discrete-variable descriptions explicitly. The ability to probe phenomena at the interface of wave and particle regimes opens the way to novel, improved schemes for quantum information processing. From a more fundamental perspective, such hybrid approaches may shed light on the very roots of quantum enhancement.
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Bookjans, Eva M. « Relative number squeezing in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37148.

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The quantum properties of matter waves, in particular quantum correlations and entanglement are an important frontier in atom optics with applications in quantum metrology and quantum information. In this thesis, we report the first observation of sub-Poissonian fluctuations in the magnetization of a spinor 87Rb condensate. The fluctuations in the magnetization are reduced up to 10 dB below the classical shot noise limit. This relative number squeezing is indicative of the predicted pair-correlations in a spinor condensate and lay the foundation for future experiments involving spin-squeezing and entanglement measurements. We have investigated the limits of the imaging techniques used in our lab, absorption and fluorescence imaging, and have developed the capability to measure atoms numbers with an uncertainly < 10 atoms. Condensates as small as ≈ 10 atoms were imaged and the measured fluctuations agree well with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we implement a reliable calibration method of our imaging system based on quantum projection noise measurements. We have resolved the individual lattice sites of a standing-wave potential created by a CO2 laser, which has a lattice spacing of 5.3 µm. Using microwaves, we site-selectively address and manipulate the condensate and therefore demonstrate the ability to perturb the lattice condensate of a local level. Interference between condensates in adjacent lattice sites and lattice sites separated by a lattice site are observed.
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Crawford, Justin Lee. « High-sensitivity spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging for resolving spectroscopically overlapping species ». 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3.

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The capability to resolve the contributions from spectroscopically overlapping fluorophores has enabled significant breakthroughs in cellular imaging. However, commercial microscopes for this purpose use analog light detection with least squares curve-fitting analysis and improvements in sensitivity are needed. To this end, a microscope has been constructed with high throughput and single-photon detection capability. The fluorescence is separated through use of a prism spectrometer or a series of dichroic mirrors into four spectral bands and detected using four single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, which provide high-quantum efficiency in the red spectral region. The detectors are connected to a time-correlated single photon counting module to provide sub-nanosecond temporal resolution for distinguishing fluorophores with different fluorescence lifetimes. Maximum-likelihood (ML) methods have been developed for analyzing the temporally and spectrally resolved photon count data from the SPADs to find the contributions from different fluorescent species and from background. Commercially available SPADs exhibit a count-rate dependent time shift in the impulse response function, and hence the instrument incorporates custom modified SPADs with improved timing stability. Nevertheless, there is still some time shift, and hence the ML-analysis has been extended to include this as an adjustable parameter for each individual SPAD. Monte Carlo simulations have also been developed to enable studies of the number of photons needed to resolve specific fluorophores.
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Jafari, Salim Amir. « Superconducting Nanostructures for Quantum Detection of Electromagnetic Radiation ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8431.

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In this thesis, superconducting nanostructures for quantum detection of electromagnetic radiation are studied. In this regard, electrodynamics of topological excitations in 1D superconducting nanowires and 2D superconducting nanostrips is investigated. Topological excitations in superconducting nanowires and nanostrips lead to crucial deviation from the bulk properties. In 1D superconductors, topological excitations are phase slippages of the order parameter in which the magnitude of the order parameter locally drops to zero and the phase jumps by integer multiple of 2\pi. We investigate the effect of high-frequency field on 1D superconducting nanowires and derive the complex conductivity. Our study reveals that the rate of the quantum phase slips (QPSs) is exponentially enhanced under high-frequency irradiation. Based on this finding, we propose an energy-resolving terahertz radiation detector using superconducting nanowires. In superconducting nanostrips, topological fluctuations are the magnetic vortices. The motion of magnetic vortices result in dissipative processes that limit the efficiency of devices using superconducting nanostrips. It will be shown that in a multi-layer structure, the potential barrier for vortices to penetrate inside the structure is elevated. This results in significant reduction in dissipative process. In superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs), vortex motion results in dark counts and reduction of the critical current which results in low efficiency in these detectors. Based on this finding, we show that a multi-layer SNSPD is capable of approaching characteristics of an ideal single photon detector in terms of the dark count and quantum efficiency. It is shown that in a multi-layer SNSPD the photon coupling efficiency is dramatically enhanced due to the increase in the optical path of the incident photon.
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Livres sur le sujet "Photon number resolving detector"

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Wright, A. G. Why photomultipliers ? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0001.

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Photon detectors transform information, carried by light, to an electrical analogue. Signals contain information on the time of occurrence and the intensity in terms of the number of photons involved. Photon rates may be constant with time, slowly varying, or transient in the form of pulses. The time response is specified in terms of some property of the pulse shape, such as its rise time, or it may be expressed in terms of bandwidth. Light detector applications fall into two categories: imaging and non-imaging; however, only the latter are considered. Detectors can be further divided into vacuum and solid state devices. Vacuum devices include photomultipliers (PMTs), microchannel plate PMTs (MCPPMTs), and hybrid devices in which a silicon device replaces the discrete dynode multiplier. PIN diodes, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), pixelated silicon PMTs (SiPMs), and charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are examples of solid state light detectors.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Photon number resolving detector"

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Krishnamoorthy, Shree, Harish Ravi, Pradeep K. Kumar et Anil Prabhakar. « Stochastic Resonances and Gated Detection in Photon Number Resolving Detectors ». Dans Springer Proceedings in Physics, 157–72. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30137-2_10.

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Kimoto, Natsumi, Hiroaki Hayashi, Cheonghae Lee, Tatsuya Maeda et Akitoshi Katsumata. « Algorithm for Generating Effective Atomic Number, Soft-Tissue, and Bone Images Based on Analysis Using an Energy-Resolving Photon-Counting Detector ». Dans Advanced X-Ray Radiation Detection :, 75–106. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92989-3_4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Photon number resolving detector"

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Mattioli, F., A. Gaggero, R. Leoni, Z. Zhou, S. Jahanmirinejad, D. Sahin, G. Frucci et A. Fiore. « A scalable photon number resolving detector ». Dans 2014 Fotonica AEIT Italian Conference on Photonics Technologies (Fotonica AEIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fotonica.2014.6843849.

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Davis, Samantha I., Andrew Mueller, Raju Valivarthi, Nikolai Lauk, Lautaro Narvaez, Boris Korzh, Andrew D. Beyer et al. « Heralding Single Photons using Photon-number-resolving Superconducting Nanowires ». Dans CLEO : QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.fth5o.5.

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We improve a single photon source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion by heralding one of the output modes using a photon number resolving superconducting nanowire detector. We measure a reduced magnitude of the second order cross correlation of one of the output modes conditioned on detection of a single photon in the other mode.
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Haderka, O., J. Peřina, Jr., M. Hamar, V. Michálek, A. Černoch et J. Soubusta. « Photon-number resolving detectors ». Dans 17th Slovak-Czech-Polish Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.882059.

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Wildfeuer, Christoph F., Aaron Pearlman, Jun Chen, Jingyun Fan, Alan Migdall et Jonathan P. Dowling. « Interferometry with a Photon-Number Resolving Detector ». Dans International Quantum Electronics Conference. Washington, D.C. : OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iqec.2009.iwf1.

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Fujiwara, Miko. « Photon Number Resolving Detector At Telecommunication Wavelength ». Dans QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1834378.

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Bogdanski, Jan, et Elanor H. Huntington. « Near-IR photon number resolving detector design ». Dans SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, sous la direction de Mark A. Itzler et Joe C. Campbell. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2014501.

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Sonoyama, Tatsuki, Mamoru Endo, Mikihisa Matsuyama, Fumiya Okamoto, Shigehito Miki, Hirotaka Terai, Masahiro Yabuno, Fumihiro China et Akira Furusawa. « Detector Tomography of Superconducting-Nanowire Photon-Number-Resolving Detector ». Dans 2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec52157.2021.9542157.

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Gu, P., L. M. Zhao, C. Wan, L. B. Zhang, L. Kang et P. H. Wu. « Multi-photon response of photon-number-resolving superconducting single photon detector ». Dans 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2015.7327929.

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Krivitsky, Leonid, Dmitry Kalashnikov et Maria Chekhova. « Accessing Photon Bunching with Photon Number Resolving Multi-Pixel Detector ». Dans Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C. : OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qels.2011.qthe5.

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Kalashnikov, Dmitry, Maria Chekhova et Leonid Krivitsky. « Accessing photon bunching with photon number resolving multi-pixel detector ». Dans 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/EQEC. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe.2011.5943421.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Photon number resolving detector"

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Chatterjee, Eric, Paul Davids, Tina Nenoff, Wei Pan, David Rademacher et Daniel Soh. Single Photon Detection with On-Chip Number Resolving Capability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890055.

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