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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Greece"

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Armataki, Eleni, Eleftheria Karampli, John Kyriopoulos et Elpida Pavi. « HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF MEDICINES IN GREECE : PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY EXECUTIVES' VIEWS ». International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no 2 (avril 2014) : 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000130.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate originator pharmaceutical companies’ practices in relation to health technology assessment (HTA) and the views and perceptions of their executives on the importance of HTA in pricing and reimbursement of medicines in Greece.Methods: A qualitative study was performed, using individual semi-structured interviews based on an interview schedule with open-ended questions. The target population was market access departments’ executives of originator pharmaceutical companies. Our target sample consisted of sixteen executives, of whom ten agreed to participate. Saturation point was reached after eight interviews. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis.Results: Participants considered HTA as a very important complementary tool for decision making in health policy, particularly in the field of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. They believed that, in Greece, HTA could be institutionalized for the reimbursement mechanism of medicines under certain conditions relating to current health policy-making attitudes and conditions pertaining in the country. They considered that there are many constraints which must be overcome as well as opportunities to be exploited.Conclusions: Decisions in pharmaceutical policy should be scientifically substantiated and HTA should be institutionalized primarily for reimbursement decisions. Development of guidelines for conducting pharmaco-economic evaluation, change in health policy goals, recording of cost and epidemiological data, and broader participation of all stakeholders in HTA decision-making processes are suggested as prerequisites for a successful implementation of HTA in Greece.
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Sapuric, Svetlana, Petros Lois et Theodoros Pagonidis. « Assessing the implementation of serialisation in pharmaceutical industry in Greece : a qualitative approach ». J. for Global Business Advancement 13, no 1 (2020) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jgba.2020.10031514.

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Pagonidis, Theodoros, Svetlana Sapuric et Petros Lois. « Assessing the implementation of serialisation in pharmaceutical industry in Greece : a qualitative approach ». J. for Global Business Advancement 13, no 1 (2020) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jgba.2020.109144.

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Triantafillidou, Eleni, et Theodore Koutroukis. « Human Resource Management, Employee Participation and European Works Councils : The Case of Pharmaceutical Industry in Greece ». Societies 12, no 6 (21 novembre 2022) : 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12060167.

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Employee participation is a broad notion that encompasses sets of practices that enable employees to participate in the decision-making process on issues affecting them leading to a committed workforce. According to the 2009/38/EC Directive, a European Workers’ Council (EWC) is established in all undertakings and all community-scale groups of undertakings for the purpose of informing and consulting employees. This study investigates the impact of employee participation on employees and organizations and more specifically the potential benefits and the added value of participation for employees and organizations, the potential costs and threats of employee participation and the added value of EWCs in multinational subsidiaries in the pharmaceutical industry in Greece. The data gathering was carried out through in-depth semi-structured interviews with management, HR executives, trade union representatives and EWC representatives using a semi-structured questionnaire based on the state-of-the-art literature review. Organizations participating in the study are subsidiaries of multinational companies with an active European Works Council in the pharmaceutical industry in Greece. Findings suggest that there are potential benefits of employee participation practices for the employees and added value for the pharmaceutical companies and provide a useful perspective for managers and researchers in the field of labor relations and human resource management.
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PAPASTYLIANOU, Panayiota, George STAVROPOULOS, Iordanis SAMANIDIS et Dimitrios BILALIS. « Effect of Organic Fertilization and AMF Inoculation on Yield and Floral Quality Parameters of Common Marigold ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 74, no 1 (19 mai 2017) : 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12640.

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In Greece common marigold is one of the major medicinal plants widely used in cosmetics, perfumes and the pharmaceutical industry. A field experiment was conducted at Komotini, Greece, to compare the effect of organic and conventional fertilization combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on yield and floral qualitative characteristics of the common marigold during the 2015 growing season. The experiment was set up as a split plot design with three replicates, three main plots (fertilization treatments, inorganic, organic and untreated) and two sub-plots (addition/non-addition of commercial mycorrhiza of the genus Glomus spp.). Floral fresh and dry weight as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content of the dried flowers were recorded. Data analysis confirmed no significant correlation between fresh/dry floral yield, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the dried flowers and type of fertilization. The results also demonstrate a tendency of increase of the fresh or dry weight of the flowers when the commercial mycorrhiza is applied but it is not statistically significant.
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Jurkowski, Joseph Henry, et Dion D. Daly. « MINTS The Next Economic Frontier for Investment – A Financial Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry ». International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no 8 (31 août 2016) : 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss8.581.

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We have heard a great deal recently of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China), and the PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain) but now the focus seems to be on the MINT countries, (Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) as the leading emerging economies in the world. Rising labor and other costs now have companies looking for new opportunities in rapid growth markets. But not without specific risks that companies must be willing to take. Corruption, rampant communicable disease, drug abuse and criminal activity, religious issues and disagreements are a few of the challenges companies must face in the new frontier. This paper will attempt to look at four pharmaceutical companies in each of the MINT countries to determine their potential profitability as an investment opportunity. This industry is especially unique since these countries have a growing population which will increase the labor force and also create a need for pharmaceutical products. Each of these countries is located in an advantageous geographical location which will provide an advantage in growing their economies. Mexico is next to the U.S. and the rest of Latin America. Indonesia is located in the heart of Southeast Asia with strong ties to China. Turkey has positioned itself to have both Eastern and Western influences. Nigeria is in a prime spot as it ls located in the prime economic powerhouse of a continent, Africa. If they get their acts together, solve their problems of corruption, energy, and infrastructure, these four countries could potentially overtake China as a leading economy of the world.
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Beteinakis, Stavros, Anastasia Papachristodoulou, Peter Kolb, Paul Rösch, Stephan Schwarzinger, Emmanuel Mikros et Maria Halabalaki. « NMR-Based Metabolite Profiling and the Application of STOCSY toward the Quality and Authentication Assessment of European EVOOs ». Molecules 28, no 4 (11 février 2023) : 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041738.

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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) possesses a high-value rank in the food industry, thus making it a common target for adulteration. Hence, several methods have been essentially made available over the years. However, the issue of authentication remains unresolved with national and food safety organizations globally struggling to regulate and control its market. Over the course of this study, the aim was to determine the origin of EVOOs suggesting a high-throughput, state-of-the-art method that could be easily adopted. A rapid, NMR-based untargeted metabolite profiling method was applied and complemented by multivariate analysis (MVA) and statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY). STOCSY is a valuable statistical tool contributing to the biomarker identification process and was employed for the first time in EVOO analysis. Market samples from three Mediterranean countries of Spain, Italy, and Greece, blended samples from these countries, as well as monocultivar samples from Greece were analyzed. The NMR spectra were collected, with the help of chemometrics acting as “fingerprints” leading to the discovery of certain chemical classes and single biomarkers that were related to the classification of the samples into groups based on their origin.
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GRIGORIADOU, Katerina, Nikos KRIGAS, Virginia SARROPOULOU, Eleni MALOUPA et Georgios TSOKTOURIDIS. « Propagation and ex-situ conservation of Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana and Scutellaria hirta - two ornamental and medicinal Cretan endemics (Greece) ». Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no 1 (22 février 2021) : 12168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49112168.

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Human needs and concomitant commercial trade to date trigger the demand of new ornamental plants and new natural medicinal products. The current study includes preliminary seed germination trials and presents the development of effective vegetative propagation protocols for Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana (Dipsacaceae) and Scutellaria hirta (Lamiaceae), both globally rare, local endemics of Crete (Greece) with potential ornamental and medicinal value. Based on material collected directly from the wild, seed germination was succeeded (38%, T50: 10.74) only for L. minoana subsp. minoana. The optimal indole-3-butyric acid concentrations for effective rooting of cuttings were 2000 mg L-1 for L. minoana subsp. minoana (85%) and 4000 mg L-1 for S. hirta (50%). Seasonal differences were observed in respective rooting rates of the studied taxa. The detected rooting rates for L. minoana subsp. minoana cuttings are above standards to allow possible commercial application in the ornamental industry. Although the detected rooting rate (50%) for S. hirta was adequate for its ex situ conservation, it seems almost marginal for future commercial application and further investigation is needed. The sustainable utilization of these Cretan endemics studied herein provides new input for the ornamental-horticultural and cosmetic-pharmaceutical industries. This study shows how rare and endemic wild plant species can be progressively domesticated and introduced into sustainable cultivation systems in order to avoid the depletion of unique phytogenetic resources.
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Boukovinas, I., G. Lypas, M. Liontos, C. Andreadis, C. Papandreou, P. Papakotoulas, G. Aravantinos et al. « Access to Genetic Testing Impacts Oncologists´ Decisions on Ovarian Cancer Personalized Treatment : Lessons Learned From a National Program in Greece ». Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 octobre 2018) : 74s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.55800.

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Background: State health insurance authorities in Greece do not reimburse genetic testing for cancer predisposition. The Hellenic Society of Medical Oncology has launched and carries out a national program covering genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations detection, with the financial support of pharmaceutical industry. Aim: This analysis evaluates how, during this program, access to genetic testing transformed the oncologists' therapeutic approach toward their ovarian cancer patients and how the results impacted treatment decisions concerning PARP inhibitors. Adoption of testing by healthy relatives and timing of testing in the disease continuum were also evaluated. Methods: Adult patients with high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinoma, irrespectively of family history or age at diagnosis were eligible for this program. Genetic counseling was recommended before testing, and both were offered at no financial cost. First degree family members of pathogenic mutation carriers were also offered free counseling and testing. Results: From March 2015 through January 2018, 708 patients were enrolled and tested. One hundred and forty seven (20.7%) mutation carriers were identified, 102 (14.4%) in BRCA1 and 45 (6.3%) in BRCA2 gene. Testing was more often pursued at initial diagnosis (61%) than at recurrence (39%), as recorded for 409 patients with available relevant information. During the 1st year of the program, average monthly tests performed were 25.1, while during the 3rd year this number increased to 34.3 tests per month. Among patients who tested positive for deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations, relapse was reported in 58 patients, 94.8% of which (n= 55) received treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib as per its indication. Family members of 21 patients (14.3%), out of the 147 who tested positive, received genetic counseling and testing for the mutation identified in the context of the program. Conclusion: Free access to genetic testing for BRCA1/2 for ovarian cancer patients and genetic consultation facilitates testing uptake, affects common clinical practice & has major impact on patients and their families. Still, diffusion of genetic information and broader testing of family members require further efforts by the oncological community.
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Kampasakali, Elli, Alexandros Nakas, Dimitrios Mertzanidis, Stella Kokkini, Andreana N. Assimopoulou et Dimitrios Christofilos. « μ-Raman Determination of Essential Oils’ Constituents from Distillates and Leaf Glands of Origanum Plants ». Molecules 28, no 3 (26 janvier 2023) : 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031221.

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A novel, inexpensive and simple experimental setup for collecting μ-Raman spectra of volatile liquids in very small quantities was developed. It takes advantage of capillary forces to detain minute volatile liquid volumes. Spectra of volatile and even scattering or absorbing media can be measured more effectively. The method is used to facilitate the collection of intensity-consistent Raman spectra from a series of reference compounds present in Origanum essential oils, in order to quantify their constituents by multiple linear regression. Wild grown Origanum plants, collected from five different regions in Greece and taxonomically identified as O. onites, O. vulgare subsp. hirtum and O. vulgare subsp. vulgare, were appropriately distilled to acquire their essential oils. Comparison of the Raman results with those from headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS) confirmed the successful relative quantification of the most abundant essential oil constituents, highlighting the similarities and differences of the three Origanum taxa examined. Finally, it is demonstrated that directly measuring the leaf peltate glandular hairs yields exploitable results to identify the main components of the essential oil they contain, underlining the potential of in situ (field or industry) measurements utilizing microscope-equipped portable Raman spectrometers.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Greece"

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Parmar, E. M. « The development and regulation of the Greek pharmaceutical industry ». Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380615.

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PATEL, SHARMILA, et MARIAM RABIZADEGAN. « Moving Toward Green Production Systems in the Pharmaceutical Industry : Implementing Artificial Intelligence to Increase Environmental Efforts in SMEs ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300124.

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The pharmaceutical sector is important for human health due to the increasing demand for medical products but is also a pollution and waste intensive industry. There is an urgent need for the industry to review its environmental footprints and simultaneously consider the industrial transformation called Industry 4.0. This is especially true for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve these objectives, it is presumed that artificial intelligence (AI) will have an important role.  This thesis sets out to identify barriers that pharmaceutical SMEs may encounter when implementing AI to improve environmental efforts. Furthermore, due to the lack of efficient tools the Green Performance Map is analyzed to see if additional value in the design phase and running of a production system can be obtained. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as this thesis is a case study and follows an inductive process. Other qualitative data and literature were used to investigate the research questions. The results indicate that organizational, resource, regulatory and knowledge specific factors can create barriers. Furthermore, there are indications that the Green Performance Map will be useful in both the design phase and running of a production system, this is however dependent on the resources.
Läkemedelssektorn är viktig för människans hälsa på grund av den ökade efterfrågan av medicinska produkter men bidrar även till stora mängder avfall och föroreningar. Det finns ett akut behov att industrin granskar sina miljöavtryck och samtidigt överväger den industriella omvandlingen som kallas Industri 4.0. Detta gäller särskilt för små och medelstora företag. För att uppnå dessa mål kan Artificiell Intelligens (AI) komma att ha en betydelsefull roll.  Detta examensarbete syftar till att identifiera de hinder som små och medelstora läkemedelsföretag kan stöta på när de implementerar AI för att förbättra sitt miljöarbete. På grund av brist på effektiva verktyg analyseras dessutom Green Performance Map för att se om ett mervärde i designfasen och under driften av produktionssystemet kan erhållas. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes då examensarbetet är en fallstudie och följer en induktiv process. Kvalitativa data och litteratur användes för att undersöka forskningsfrågorna. Resultatet indikerar att organisatoriska, resurs-, reglerings- och kunskapsspecifika faktorer kan skapa barriärer. Dessutom, finns det indikatorer på att Green Performance Map kommer vara användbart både i designfasen och när produktionssystemet är i drift, detta är dock beroende på nivån av resurser.
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Yalgin, Hasret. « Vers la synthèse éco-compatible de dérivés de quinoléine biosourcés en flux continu ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2256.

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Les composés incorporant un motif quinoléine occupent une place privilégiée parmi les substances pharmaceutiques, et possèdent également une large variété d’applications dans des domaines comme la cosmétique ou l’agro-alimentaire. Cependant, malgré l’intérêt de ces dérivés hétérocycliques, les synthèses classiques de quinoléines décrites dans la littérature sont peu respectueuses de l’environnement. Pour pallier à ce problème, nous avons envisagé une approche éco-compatibles usant de matières premières bio-sourcées qui serait applicable à l’échelle industrielle. Plus particulièrement, ce projet présente deux enjeux majeurs : 1) effectuer la synthèse de dérivés de quinoléine à partir de matières premières issues de la biomasse tout en respectant les principes de la chimie vertes, et 2) adapter ce procédé en flux continu, en vue d’une potentielle application industrielle. Au cours de ce travail, nous rapportons notre étude sur la transposition de la réaction de Skraup en flux continu. En particulier, nous avons développé une synthèse de quinoléines en flux continu valorisant le glycérol – sous-produit principal de la réaction de transestérification des triglycérides – comme précurseur d’acroléine, et ayant lieu dans l’eau. Ces travaux de thèse permettent de franchir une étape vers la production éco-compatibles de composés hétérocycliques
The quinoline motif is present in numerous pharmaceutically relevant drugs as well as in a wide range of active ingredients used in cosmetic and food-processing industries. Despite its prevalence, typical quinoline synthesis reported in the literature are not scalable, and do not involve green protocols that take advantage of renewable resources. To address both limitations, we envisioned a green and industrially applicable approach using abundant resources. Specifically, we faced two main challenges: 1) to develop a sustainable synthesis of quinolines and 2) to apply this synthesis in a flow apparatus for potential industrial application. Throughout this dissertation, we disclose our studies toward the sustainable Skraup reaction. In particular, we developed a flow-synthesis of quinolines proceeding from glycerol - the main byproduct of biofuel production - as a building block and water as a green solvent. This innovative method marks a step toward the green production of heterocyclic compounds
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Yabre, Moussa. « Méthodes d'analyses innovantes et peu polluantes pour le contrôle qualité des médicaments essentiels : application aux antipaludiques ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0246.

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Le contrôle qualité des médicaments est une étape essentielle de la chaine de distribution des médicaments. Il garantit leurs fiabilités avant leurs utilisations et contribue à la lutte contre les médicaments falsifiés ou de qualité inférieure. Il est conventionnellement réalisé selon les méthodes des monographies des pharmacopées. Ces méthodes se caractérisent souvent par la complexité de leur mise en œuvre et des temps longs consacrés à leurs réalisations. Surtout, ces méthodes nécessitent souvent l’utilisation de réactifs et solvants toxiques pour le personnel de laboratoire et l’environnement.L’objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à l’amélioration du contrôle qualité des médicaments à travers le développement de méthodes d’analyses peu polluantes et de mise en œuvre facile et faisable dans les laboratoires dont ceux à ressources limitées. Il s’est agi en particulier de développer des méthodes de chromatographie liquide haute performance à polarité de phases inversée avec des phases mobiles à base d’éthanol qui est l’un des solvants les plus verts. Pour faire la preuve de la pertinence de cette approche, des formulations d’antipaludiques à base d’artésunate et d’amodiaquine d’une part, et d’artéméther et de luméfantrine d’autre part, ont été choisis.La première partie du travail a commencé par une étude de criblage utilisant l’éthanol comme solvant organique afin d’évaluer l’effet de différents paramètres critiques tels que le pH et la nature de la phase stationnaire sur le comportement chromatographique des molécules en termes de symétrie de pic, de rétention et de détection. L’association artésunate/amodiaquine a été choisie comme preuve de concept car il s’agit d’un modèle intéressant impliquant une molécule à caractère acide avec peu de groupements chromophores et une molécule à caractère basique. Les résultats du criblage ont permis d’optimiser différentes méthodes en phase inverse vertes à base d’éthanol permettant d’analyser l’artésunate, l’amodiaquine et leurs impuretés. L’approche « Quality by Design » recommandée par les autorités règlementaires pharmaceutiques et permettant d’obtenir des méthodes plus flexibles et robustes, a été choisi comme stratégie de développement. Les méthodes ont été ensuite validées selon le guide ICH Q2 (R1), en utilisant la stratégie du profil d’exactitude.La deuxième partie du travail a consisté à démontrer le potentiel d’un spectromètre proche infrarouge portable et à bas prix, en association avec les outils chimiométriques, dans la détection de médicaments falsifiés. L’analyse a porté sur l’association artémether/luméfantrine qui est l’un des médicaments antipaludiques les plus falsifiés. Malgré sa zone spectrale réduite et sa faible résolution comparativement aux appareils classiques, le spectromètre portable a permis de détecter des médicaments falsifiés ne contenant aucune substance active et d’identifier spécifiquement les différentes marques de comprimés. Les résultats obtenus ont démontré le grand potentiel de ces nouveaux équipements proche infrarouge innovants et à bas prix pour leur utilisation en première ligne dans la détection et la lutte contre les faux médicaments. Afin de mieux interpréter les résultats de l’analyse proche infrarouge, une méthode de chromatographie liquide en phase inverse, verte et rapide a été aussi développée pour doser l’artéméther et la luméfantrine dans les comprimés.Ces différentes approches ont montré qu’il est possible de mettre en œuvre le concept de chimie analytique verte pour le contrôle qualité sans nécessité l’acquisition de nouveaux équipements pour obtenir des méthodes performantes qui respectent la règlementation pharmaceutique
The quality control of pharmaceutical products is a key issue in the medicine supply chain. It guarantees the reliability before consumption and contribute to fight against substandard and falsified drugs. It is conventionally performed according to pharmacopeias in which methods are most often long and use harmful reagents for the technical staff, health, and environment.The objective of this work was to improve the quality control of drugs through the development green analytical methods easy to implement in laboratories including those with limited resources. It was consisted, particularly, to develop reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography methods with mobile phases based on ethanol which is one the best green solvents. Analyzes were applied to the antimalarial combination therapies such as artesunate/amodiaquine and artemether/lumefantrine.The first part of the study started by a screening phase where impacts of critical parameters, such as mobile phase pH and stationary phase, on compound peak symmetry, retention and detection were investigated. Artesunate/amodiaquine combination therapy, which includes an acidic compound with few chromophores and a basic compound was chosen as proof of concept. Several pH modifiers selected for their ecofriendly character and stationary phases were screened. Based on the screening results, different green RP-HPLC methods using ethanol as organic solvent et allowing to analyze artesunate, amodiaquine and their related impurities were developed. Quality by Design approach, recommended by the pharmaceutical regulatory authorities and allowing to obtain robust methods, was chosen as development strategy. Developed methods were validated according ICH Q2 (R1) guideline by using accuracy profile methodology.The second part of the study consisted in investigating the qualitative performance of a low-cost handheld near infrared spectrophotometer associated to chemometric methods as screening tool in the identification of falsified drugs. Analysis was performed on artemether/lumefantrine tablets which are one of the most falsified drugs, Despite its limited spectral range and low resolution compared to bench top devices, the handheld device allowed to detect falsified drugs with no active ingredients and to identify specifically a tablet brand name. This innovated low-cost handheld near infrared spectrophotometer offers a promising performance and could be used as a first line screening tool in the detection and fight against falsified drugs. For a better interpretation of the near infrared results, a green and fast HPLC method was also developed, validated, and used to analyze artemether and lumefantrine in the tablets.These different approaches demonstrated that green analytical methods could be implemented in the pharmaceutical quality control field without the need of new equipment and with analytical performances in accordance with pharmaceutical requirements
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GEORGANTZIS, Nikolaos. « Multiproduct technologies and the structure of multiproduct industries : the Greek pharmaceutical industry ». Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4934.

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Defence date: 13 September 1993
Examining board: Prof. Francisco Caballero, European Commission, DG IV ; Prof. Jean Jaskold Gabszewicz, C.O.R.E., Louvain-La-Neuve ; Prof. Kenneth George, University of Swansea ; Prof. Stephen Martin, E.U.I. ; Prof. Louis Phlips, E.U.I., supervisor
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Gonçalves, Ana Carolina Pereira. « Relatório de Estágio em Farmácia Comunitária e Monografia intitulada «Pegada Ecológica do Medicamento» ». Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93117.

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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
Os efeitos adversos dos medicamentos sobre a saúde humana e a saúde animal são investigados há bastante tempo, através de estudos toxicológicos e farmacológicos pormenorizados. Mas então e os efeitos adversos sobre o ambiente? A verdade é que, ao contrário dos efeitos adversos humanos, os impactos ambientais e o próprio uso da medicação são ainda hoje pouco compreendidos e apenas recentemente se tornaram uma matéria de interesse. Isto porque, apesar dos medicamentos serem libertados no meio ambiente há algum tempo, apenas recentemente se começou a medir os riscos destas ações. Os medicamentos atingem a natureza através de diversas formas, nomeadamente através dos esgotos, do lixo e mesmo da libertação propositada. Os efeitos desta eliminação podem ser nefastos e, sendo difícil encontrar uma correlação entre a dispensa de medicamentos, a sua deteção e os seus efeitos no ambiente, são necessários mais estudos de modo a tirar conclusões aceitáveis que permitam diminuir e prevenir danos daí resultantes. Felizmente Portugal tem ao seu dispor a VALORMED, uma entidade por vezes subaproveitada e até subvalorizada, mas que representa uma grande vantagem para o país. Bem explorada e em conjunto com programas de educação da população, esta entidade permitirá eliminar os resíduos de medicamentos com segurança para as pessoas e para o ambiente.Dentro deste âmbito, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar não só o mecanismo que explica como é que os medicamentos deixam a sua pegada ecológica no meio ambiente e se tornam uma ameaça à saúde pública e ambiental, mas especificar os comportamentos que toda e qualquer pessoa pode ter de modo a diminuir estes efeitos prejudiciais, poupando o planeta.
The adverse effects of medicine on human and animal health have been investigated for a long time, through detailed toxicological and pharmacological studies. But what of the adverse effects on the environment? The truth is, unlike human side effects, environmental impacts and the use of medication are still poorly understood today and have only recently become a matter of interest. This happens because, despite the fact that drugs have been released into the environment for a while, the risks of these actions have only recently started to be measured.Medicines reach nature in different ways, namely through sewage, garbage and even deliberate release. The effects of this elimination can be harmful and, since it is difficult to find a correlation between the dispensing of drugs, their detection and their effects on the environment, further studies are needed in order to draw acceptable conclusions that will allow to reduce and prevent resulting damage.Fortunately, Portugal has at its disposal VALORMED, an entity that is sometimes underutilized and even undervalued, but which represents a great advantage for the country. Well explored and in conjunction with education programs for the population, this entity will make it possible to dispose of medicine residues in a way that is safe for the people and the environment.Therefore, this work aims to assess not only the mechanism that explains how medicines leave their ecological footprint in the environment and become a threat to public and environmental health, but to specify the behaviors that anyone can have in order to decrease these harmful effects, sparing the planet.
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Livres sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Greece"

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IBP, USA. Greece Medical & Pharmaceutical Industry Handbook. International Business Publications, USA, 2006.

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Leonardus Adrianus Maria Van der Geer. Pricing as a marketing tool in the pharmaceutical industry : Can pharmaceutical companies in Greece obtain a competitive advantage by making use of pharmaco-economic study results. 1996.

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Islam, M. R., Jaan S. Islam, M. A. H. Mughal, Gary M. Zatzman et M. Safiur Rahman. Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Theories and Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2016.

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Islam, M. R., Jaan S. Islam, M. A. H. Mughal, Gary M. Zatzman et M. Safiur Rahman. Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Theories and Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.

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Islam, M. R., Jaan S. Islam, M. A. H. Mughal, Gary M. Zatzman et M. Safiur Rahman. Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Theories and Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2016.

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Islam, M. R., Jaan S. Islam, M. A. H. Mughal, Gary M. Zatzman et M. Safiur Rahman. Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Theories and Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.

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Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science : Solvents for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Elsevier, 2020.

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Access To Medicines As A Human Right Implications For Pharmaceutical Industry Responsibility. University of Toronto Press, 2012.

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Hii, K. K., Peter J. Dunn, Michael J. Krische et Michael T. Williams. Sustainable Catalysis : Challenges and Practices for the Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Industries. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Dunn, Peter J., Michael J. Krische, Michael T. Williams et K. K. (Mimi) Hii. Sustainable Catalysis : Challenges and Practices for the Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Industries. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Greece"

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Kounnou, Vasiliki, et Dimitrios Kyrkilis. « Competitiveness, Profitability and R/D Intensity : The Case of the Domestic Pharmaceutical Industry in Greece ». Dans Contributions to Economics, 47–55. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57517-5_3.

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Aranda, Rosa María Martín, et J. López-Sanz. « Green Solvents for Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Solvents I, 147–73. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1712-1_4.

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Taylor, David. « Ecopharmacostewardship – A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective ». Dans Green and Sustainable Pharmacy, 105–26. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05199-9_7.

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Shamshina, Julia L., Paula Berton, Hui Wang, Xiaosi Zhou, Gabriela Gurau et Robin D. Rogers. « Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 539–77. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119288152.ch20.

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Cannon, Amy S., Joseph L. Pont et John C. Warner. « Green Chemistry and the Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 25–32. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711828.ch2.

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Jiménez-González, Concepción, Celia S. Ponder, Robert E. Hannah et James R. Hagan. « Green Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 701–14. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711828.ch27.

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Palao, E., et J. Alcazar. « Chapter 3. Organometallic Chemistry in Flow in the Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Chemistry Series, 86–128. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016094-00086.

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Bandichhor, Rakeshwar. « Chapter 1. Introduction to Hazardous Reagent Substitution in the Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Chemistry Series, 1–17. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782623847-00001.

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Larson, Andrea, et Mark Meier. « The Business Case for Green Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry ». Dans Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 573–87. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711828.ch21.

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Zhang, Ji, et Berkeley W. Cue. « Green Process Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry : Recent Case Studies ». Dans Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 631–58. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711828.ch24.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Greece"

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Rodica, Sirbu. « IMPORTANT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MARINE ALGAE - POTENTIAL SOURCE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ». Dans 14th SGEM GeoConference on NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b61/s25.053.

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Chen, Shan, Chengna Wang et Shih-Ming Ou. « The Key Success Factors of Developing Intelligent Logistics Within Pharmaceutical Industry in Fujian Free Trade Area ». Dans 2017 International Conference on Green Informatics (ICGI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgi.2017.24.

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