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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Pharmaceutical industry – Great Britain »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Great Britain"

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Hampson, Judith, Jacqueline Southee, David Howell et Michael Balls. « An RSPCA/FRAME Survey of the Use of Non-human Primates as Laboratory Animals in Great Britain, 1984–1988 ». Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 17, no 4 (juin 1990) : 335–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001700407.

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A literature-based survey of the use of non-human primates as laboratory animals in Great Britain in 1984–1988 was carried out as a background to extending debate about the ethical and practical issues involved. The 289 publications considered were grouped in 15 subject areas and reviewed in terms of scientific purpose, methods employed, numbers and species of animals used, and their source, care and ultimate fate. In addition, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry provided a comment on the use of non-human primates by pharmaceutical companies. Specific causes for concern were identified, and future prospects considered.
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Elvey, Rebecca, Ellen I. Schafheutle, Sally Jacobs, Samuel D. Jee, Karen Hassell et Peter R. Noyce. « Revalidation arrangements for pharmacy professionals in industry and academia in Great Britain : A qualitative study ». Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 9, no 2 (mars 2013) : 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.07.007.

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Toktonalieva, N., et I. Toktonaliev. « History and Background of the Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice Standards in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Review) ». Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no 9 (15 septembre 2020) : 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/58/17.

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The volume of the global pharmaceutical market in 2018 amounted to 1.2 trillion US dollars, and by 2020 the global pharmaceutical market has grown to 1.5 trillion dollars. Countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, Switzerland and Great Britain took the leading positions in the pharmaceutical market, while the market share of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the world community was 2.6%. Further growth of the global pharmaceutical market is predicted by 5% annually, which may contribute to the rapid production and distribution of low-quality pharmaceutical products. One of the main goals of the country is to provide the population with effective, high-quality and safe medicines drugs to protect their health, since consumers cannot assess the quality of medicines on their own. To accomplish this task in developed and developing countries, the state regularly checks and evaluates the quality, efficacy, safety, as well as the main pharmacological effects of drugs at all stages of production. In the production of drugs, it is necessary to comply with the rules of Good Manufacturing Practice. Good Manufacturing Practice is one of the indispensable elements of a modern control and authorization system in the field of pharmaceutical circulation, no less important than the Pharmacopoeia or other state drug standards. Materials and methods. The review article presents an analysis of published scientific works of the last 15 years. To search for reliable information, we used scientific literature data from available and open sources placed in scientific electronic databases: Cyberleninka, PubMed, E-library, Medline, J-stage, Hindawi using the keywords: Good Manufacturing Practice, GMP, pharmaceutical industry, quality of medicines. Results. When analyzing scientific literature sources, special attention is paid to the relevance of this problem, the prerequisites for the introduction of Good Manufacturing Practice standards in the pharmaceutical industry and world practice. Conclusion. Summarizing the scientific literature data, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to comply with the basic requirements of the international Good Manufacturing Practice standard for the production of high-quality drugs, which has a positive effect on the health of consumers.
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Popovic, Jovan. « The foundation and development of the department of pharmacy of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad (2000-2007) ». Medical review 60, no 11-12 (2007) : 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0712565p.

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The Department of Pharmacy. The first 50 pharmacy students were enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad in the academic year 2000/2001. The Institute of Pharmacy was established on July 10, 2001. The Department of Pharmacy was established on December 18, 2001, with more than 150 faculty members. Since then, 82 students have graduated with honours. Visiting professors from Athens, Skopje, Reading (Great Britain) and Banja Luka, and professors of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics and the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad, together with the professors and associates of the Faculty of Medicine, are members of the Faculty of the Department of Pharmacy. Activities of the Department of Pharmacy. The Department offers a 5-year undergraduate program in pharmacy, practical courses in pharmacy, takes part in higher education reform in accordance with the Bologna objectives, organizes visits to European centers of the pharmaceutical industry, and provides mentoring activities in relation to writing a graduation paper. The First Balkan Congress of Pharmacy Students was held March 7-12, 2006 in Novi Sad. The Department of Pharmacy of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad has achieved the objectives set for it when it was Established.
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Perova, M. K. « European trajectory of USА direct investment ». Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no 12 (30 novembre 2022) : 850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2212-01.

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The present paper focuses on the U.S. direct investment in European countries. To date Europe attracted 60 % of the total volume of US global investment. These ties become more complex, covering a growing number of different fields of activities. The study of this issue implies the analysis of the modern features of outward FDI fl ows and the main directions of their placement in Europe. New technologies have made noticeable changes in the usual investment pattern. A global presence without significant FDI is becoming the most important trend in the international activities of companies. However, 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act which fi rst turned capital outfl ows negative, and hen resolved the tax liability overhang on overseas assets, which have contributed to a jump in cross-border M&A purchases by United States MNEs. Thus, FDI fl ows have received a powerful impetus, including investment growth opportunities in European countries. The top countries receiving US FDI: аre Great Britain (identical US business conditions), Luxembourg and the Netherlands (minimizing tax bills), Ireland (export platform). France and Germany are also joining these countries. The most important directions in the industrial structure of US FDI are the information, the service sector, the chemical industry, including pharmaceuticals. The increased role of intangible assets forces branches of American companies to increase their attention to R&D. Europe remains one of the most competitive regions in the world in terms of scientific and technical potential.
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Gryzodub, Oleksandr. « 30 років національній системі стандартизації, метрології і контролю якості лікарських засобів в Україні : основні досягнення, проблеми і перспективи розвитку ». SSP Modern Law and Practice 2, no 3 (15 septembre 2022) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v2i3.67.

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Provision to every citizen, patient, and person in the system of legal relationship "doctor-patient-pharmacist" the right to life, health, and safety during the circulation of vital medicinal products of all clinical and pharmacological, nomenclature and legal, classification and legal groups, guaranteed by created in in Ukraine the system of standardization and quality control of medicines. The system of standardization and quality control of medicines includes the National System of Standardization of Medicines in Ukraine (1992); The system of state control of the quality of medicinal products (1992); Programs for the development of generic drugs in Ukraine (1995); The school of standardization and quality control of medicinal products; Center for standardization, metrology, and quality control in Ukraine. Ukraine got observer status in the European Pharmacopoeia in 1998. The National Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (2001) appeared 6-7 years earlier than other countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation). Two editions of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, totaling thirteen volumes and 7,208 pages, was developed as of 2022 and put into effect. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine is fully harmonized with the European Pharmacopoeia and is the basis of the entire system of standardization and quality control of medicinal products in Ukraine. A pharmacopeial language (Ukrainian terminological apparatus), which did not exist before, was developed, and implemented. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine is an important reference-informational and educational-methodical material for pharmaceutical enterprises, health care institutions, pharmacies, universities of medical and pharmaceutical profiles. The national system of pharmacopeial standard samples largely meets the needs of national control laboratories, and ranks the 6th in the world in terms of the number of pharmacopeial standard samples. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine is the only pharmacopoeia in the world in which standardized validation procedures have been introduced, which has turned validation into an ordinary routine procedure. Ukraine acquired the status of a full member of the European Pharmacopoeia in 2013. European standards for the quality of medicinal products are in force in Ukraine. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine acquired voting membership in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States in 2010. In order to develop texts that are not in the European Pharmacopoeia (in particular, monographs on ready medicines), the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine concluded Agreements with the leading pharmacopoeias of the world – the USA in 2010 and Great Britain in 2013. A powerful market, world- and European-level pharmaceutical industry was created, which was included in the field of health care, which provided the pharmacy network and health care institutions with modern, effective, safe, high-quality, and economically available drugs. The system of legal relations "doctor-patient-pharmacist" is based on the principles of pharmaceutical law, the Constitution of Ukraine, laws, and regulatory acts, timely ensures the right of a person, citizen, and patient suffering from various health disorders in accordance with the ICD-11, on life and health.
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BUD, ROBERT. « Penicillin and the new Elizabethans ». British Journal for the History of Science 31, no 3 (septembre 1998) : 305–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087498003318.

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Generally, the mass media in Britain, as elsewhere, treat the history of science as arcane knowledge. A few iconic tales do none the less come to permeate public consciousness. How do these come to be selected from the myriad of possible narratives?One of the most enduring and well known of stories is the discovery of penicillin, which stretched from Alexander Fleming's observation in 1928 to the award of the Nobel prize to Fleming, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain in 1945 and the subsequent dominance of American companies in its manufacture. During the 1980s, when it appeared scandalous that monoclonal antibodies discovered in Cambridge, England, had not been patented by the British government, the parallel was often made with penicillin. An alternative use was made of the story when, in July 1995, a columnist in London's Evening Standard criticized massive expenditure on medical research and claimed that most drugs were discovered by accident. He sustained his thesis by merely putting in pointed parentheses the one word, ‘penicillin’. The same year, partisans found space in the correspondence columns of the New Scientist to return enthusiastically to the debate over the proper disposition of credit between Fleming and Florey. The BBC's Money Programme broadcast a piece on how best to support inventors today in October 1996; it included film of the Science Museum's coverage of Fleming.The story of penicillin seems therefore bound, time and time again, to great issues in British culture: pride over technological prowess, resentment over the loss of opportunity, jealousy of American success, the National Health Service and the emergence of the modern pharmaceutical industry. The appeal of the story and meaning of its associations are matched by reverence for its material relics. In high profile auctions, the sale of samples prepared by Fleming raises thousands of pounds and is previewed in the newspages and on the radio. The original plate on which Fleming observed penicillin with its sterile ring surrounding the healing penicillin is one of the most familiar of historic relics (Figure 1).
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Kolesnikova, Marina. « Development of fishing industry in Great Britain ». Contemporary Europe 18, no 4 (1 juillet 2018) : 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope42018146154.

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Benito, Andrew. « Inter‐Industry Wage Differentials in Great Britain ». Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 62, s1 (décembre 2000) : 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0620s1727.

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Kuznetsova, I., et M. Gillies. « Industry Workers of Russia and Great Britain ». Medical Radiology and radiation safety 65, no 4 (1 novembre 2020) : 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-4-74-86.

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Purpose: The estimation of the radiation risk of leukemia incidence and mortality for occupational exposure. Material and methods: The study was conducted in the pooled cohort comprised 45,817 workers from the two enterprises; 23,443 radiation workers first employed in 1947–2002 from the Sellafield plant (Great Britain) and 22,774 workers from the Mayak PA (Russia) first employed at the main plants in 1948–1982. The period of follow-up was terminated at the end of 2008 for Mayak workers who were Ozyorsk city residents, and at the end of 2005 for Sellafield workers and Mayak workers who had migrated from Ozyorsk. Results: Comparable radiation risk estimates of leukemia incidence and mortality were found among Mayak PA and Sellafield workers as for the whole dose range and separate dose intervals. Averaged by attained age estimate of excess relative risk per 1 Gy of external gamma-dose was 3.0 (95 % CI: 1.3–6.3) under the assumption of the linear dose–effect model. The quadratic model with attained age modification showed the best quality of fit. Risk estimates were statistically significant in the dose range 0.15–1.5 Gy. There was no evidence of any relationship between leukemia risks and accumulated red bone marrow dose of internal alpha-exposure due to incorporated Pu-239. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of the pooled cohort data has demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of a research project looking at leukemia risks in a joint cohort of Mayak and Sellafield workers. The current study provides further evidence about the already well established link between external-gamma exposure and leukemia risk. However, it fails to provide any firm further evidence about the absence or presence of relationship between plutonium exposure and leukemia risk.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Great Britain"

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Larsen, David Mark. « The discursive function and the embedding of capitalism : British state policy on the pharmaceuticals and biotechnology sector ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608970.

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Hassell, Karen. « A historical and comparative account of ethnic minority group participation in the pharmacy profession in the United Kingdom ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673821.

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de, Andrade Marisa. « Pharmaffiliation : a model of intra-elite communication in pharmaceutical regulation ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/6500.

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In 2005, the House of Commons (HoC) Health Committee produced a report on The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry – the first of its kind since 1914. The inquiry concluded that there were ‘over-riding concerns about the volume, extent and intensity of the industry’s influence, not only on clinical medicine and research but also on patients, regulators, the media, civil servants and politicians’, and stressed the need ‘to examine critically the industry’s impact on health to guard against excessive and damaging dependencies’ (HoC 2005, p. 97). It also noted that it is important to comprehensively analyse pharmaceutical regulation in order to ascertain whether there are systemic problems: In some circumstances, one particular item of influence may be of relatively little importance. Only when it is viewed as part of a larger package of influences is the true effect of the company’s activity recognised and the potential for distortion seen. The possibility that certain components of any such campaign are covert and their source undeclared is particularly worrying. (HoC 2005, p. 97) This study addresses this recommendation and was primarily conducted to examine whether recognised concerns are merely ad hoc or as a result of systemic flaws in the current system of pharmaceutical regulation. The work addresses a gap in the academic literature by drawing on the fragmented criticisms of the pharmaceutical industry in order to produce a model to illustrate how various stakeholders collaborate with drug companies to promote licensed products, and to explore the nature of the relationships between these elite stakeholders. The thesis begins with a literature review which determines who is involved in pharmaceutical regulation; how the regulatory system works; and explores the key role of communication in this process (Chapters 1 to 3). The recurrent theme is the neglect or exclusion of the patient/consumer, which leads to the development a model of intra-elite communication in drug regulation called Pharmaffiliation (Chapter 3). The thesis then looks for evidence to support or refute this model, using multiple methods (Chapter 4). Four case studies (with specific selection criteria) are chosen to test the model’s constructs and indicators (Chapters 5 to 8). The research uncovers systemic problems in the current system of pharmaceutical regulation which can ultimately harm the patient/consumer, and the implications of these findings are discussed (Chapter 9). Solutions on a micro-level include consumer involvement in decision making processes, which can be enhanced through public education and awareness campaigns and the instigation of public inquiries whenever drugs are withdrawn from the market (HoC 2005, p. 105). On a macro-level, however, this will involve critically exploring neoliberal capitalism and the empowerment of the citizenry (Street 2001).
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Sambrook, Stephen Curtis. « The optical munitions industry in Great Britain 1888-1923 ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3451/.

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This study examines in detail for the first time the emergence and development of a highly specialised sector of British manufacturing industry, charting its evolution and explaining its growth predominantly through scrutiny of original source material relating to the key actors in the story. It proposes that after 1888 Britain produced an optical munitions manufacturing structure which succeeded in dominating production of the most militarily important and commercially valuable instrument in the field, and which by 1914 had achieved an hegemonical position in the international marketplace. The study also overturns the conclusions of the previous brief scholarship on the topic, asserting that the industry responded well to the challenges of the Great War and going on to show that there was a difficult, but ultimately successful translation back to peace. This largely ignored branch of British technological manufacturing performed effectively and ran counter to notions of the relative decline or comparative failure of industries in the sector, and the narrative puts forward reasons to explain that success. To do this, the account employs a methodology embracing a combination of theories and models of historical explanation to demonstrate reasons for the industry’s path and to test the interpretations put forward.
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Robson, M. « The pharmaceutical industry in Britain and France, 1919-1939 ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/225385201.pdf.

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Barnes, Jonavan. « Measuring service quality in the low-cost airline industry ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24938.

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Since the end of World War II, the service sector has expanded to encompass over 80% of the economy of most developed nations. This places an immense importance on the ability to accurately measure service outputs. However, the most precise method of measuring these outputs is still unclear. This thesis examines Service Quality as a measurement of service outputs, and tests this within an industry-specific context: the low-cost sector of the UK airline industry. This is an industry that has been facing serious challenges since market liberalisation began in 1976. This thesis recognises that offering superior quality may allow airlines to gain a competitive advantage; despite this, there is still no preferred method of measuring Service Quality in this specific context. This PhD therefore examines three methods of Service Quality measurement in the context of the low-cost sector of the UK airline industry: a qualitative method (content analysis), a quantitative survey approach (HiQUAL) and an indexing approach (ALSI). The first study provides an in-depth analysis of the determinants of airline quality through a content analysis study. The second study uses a neglected measurement of Service Quality (HiQUAL) to take a quantitative measurement of Service Quality in the low-cost airline industry. The third study uses measurement (ALSI), an indexing approach, to provide an indication of airline quality. The results of this PhD define the determinants of Service Quality in the low-cost airline industry and confirm the hierarchical nature of Service Quality. This PhD also develops a novel objective metric that represents a shift in ontology from subjective to objective measurements of Service Quality.
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Barnett, David Colin. « The structure of industry in London, 1775-1825 ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12617/.

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This study sets out a quantitative overview of the economy of London during the period 1775 to 1825. A database has been constructed from the extant London Fire Office registers of 31,000 businesses trading either in the periods 1769-1777 or 1819- 1825, and in a few cases in both. Represented are over 1300 separate trades covering the entire spectrum of manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail distribution, transport and the service sector. To complement this data, use has also been made of trade directories, bankruptcy files, trade card collections, Census data and contemporary literature on London trades, including career guides. In order to analyse trends over this period, the database uses a version of the modern Standard Industrial Classification modified by the author. The 1300 separate trades are grouped into 101 sectors within seven main divisions of the economy. The database includes the name(s) of the proprietors of the business, the address, the trade and details of the risks insured. From this it has been possible to present statistical evidence on a number of areas of controversy about the role of London during the Industrial Revolution. It is shown that London remained a major manufacturing centre throughout the period. It has also been possible to exemplify in detail the impact of the 18th century consumer revolution by charting the expansion and increasing diversity of the wholesale and retail distribution sectors. Finally, the Importance of the role of service industries in the economy of London has been established, with special reference to transport and catering.
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Percival, James Mark. « Making music radio : the record industry and popular music production in the UK ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/362.

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Music radio is the most listened to form of radio, and one of the least researched by academic ethnographers. This research project addresses industry structure and agency in an investigation into the relationship between music radio and the record industry in the UK, how that relationship works to produce music radio and to shape the production of popular music. The underlying context for this research is Peterson's production of culture perspective. The research is in three parts: a model of music radio production and consumption, an ethnographic investigation focusing on music radio programmers and record industry pluggers, and an ethnographic investigation into the use of specialist music radio programming by alternative pop and rock artists in Glasgow, Scotland. The research has four main conclusions: music radio continues to be central to the record industry's promotional strategy for new commercial recordings; music radio is increasing able to mediate the production practices of the popular music industry; that mediation is focused through the social relationship between music radio programmers and record industry pluggers; cultural practices of musicians are developed and mediated by consumption of specialist music radio, as they become part of specialist music radio.
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Dunlop, Benjamin Marcus. « Improving infrastructure projects in the heavy rail industry of Great Britain ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539755.

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Packard, Edward Frederick. « Whitehall, industrial mobilisation and the private manufacture of armaments : British state-industry relations, 1918-1936 ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/46/.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive account of the complex relationship between the British government and the domestic military-naval arms industry from the armistice in 1918 until the period of rearmament in the 1930s. Challenging traditional 'declinist' assumptions, it offers a multifaceted interpretation of the industry's strengths and weaknesses and its place in national security. In this regard, British governments always prioritised national interests over the private armament manufacturers' particular concerns and never formulated a specific policy to help them adjust to peacetime conditions. Indeed, the wartime experience of industrial mobilisation – the mass production of war material by ordinary firms – made specialist arms producers appear less important in supply planning: a view that proved more important than disarmament and retrenchment in damaging state-industry relations and, together with Britain's liberal economic traditions, helped to foster an enduring but exaggerated sense of relative weakness. Faced with the government's apparent indifference, the overextended arms industry underwent comprehensive internal reorganisation, led by Vickers and supported hesitantly by the Bank of England. This reduced the overall number of manufacturers but it also brought modernisation and a comparatively efficient nucleus for emergency expansion. Internationally, British firms retained a large share of the global arms market despite rising competition. Policymakers rarely accepted widespread public criticism that private armaments manufacture and trading were immoral but believed that the League of Nations' ambition to enforce all-encompassing international controls posed a far greater risk to British security. Although the government imposed unilateral arms trade regulations to facilitate political objectives, and was forced to address outraged popular opinion, neither seriously damaged the manufacturers' fortunes as the country moved towards rearmament. Indeed, the arms industry was never simply a victim of government policy but instead pursued an independent and ultimately successful peacetime strategy, before rearmament led to a cautious renewal of state-industry relations.
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Livres sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Great Britain"

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EDC, Pharmaceuticals, dir. A New focus on pharmaceuticals. London : H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Lesley, Richmond, Stevenson Julie et Turton Alison, dir. The pharmaceutical industry : A guide to historical records. Aldershot : Ashgate, 2003.

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Adrian, Towse, Drummond Michael, Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. Office of Health Economics. et University of York. Centre for Health Economics., dir. Disease management, the NHS and the pharmaceutical industry. London : Office of Health Economics, 1999.

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Globalization and industrial relations : The pharmaceutical industry in Germany and the United Kingdom. Frankfurt : Campus, 2008.

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One political economy, one competitive strategy ? : Comparing pharmaceutical firms in Germany, Italy, and the UK. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Association, British Medical, et Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain., dir. British National Formulary. London : British Medical Association, 1993.

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British National Formulary. 2e éd. London : Pharmaceutical Press, 1992.

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B, Prasad Anne, British Medical Association et Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain., dir. British national formulary. London : BritishMedical Association, 1995.

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Great Britain. Department of Health and Social Security., dir. Medicines Act 1968 : Supplement to guidance notes on applications for product licences (MAL 2). London : H.M.S.O., 1987.

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B, Prasad Anne, British Medical Association et Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain., dir. British national formulary. London : Pharmaceutical Press, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Great Britain"

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Bowen, Brian. « Industrial Revolution – Great Britain, 18th Century ». Dans The American Construction Industry, 68–78. New York : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130000-7.

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Travis, Anthony S. « Modernizing Industrial Organic Chemistry : Great Britain between Two World Wars ». Dans Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900–1939, 171–98. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1233-0_8.

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Bastable, Marshall J. « Science, Technology and the Armaments Industry in Great-Britain (1854-1914) ». Dans De Diversis Artibus, 309–15. Turnhout : Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.00985.

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Leach, James. « An Address to the People of Great Britain on the Protection of Native Industry, 2 ». Dans The Chartist Movement in Britain 1838–1850, 71–80. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113232-6.

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Marsch, Ulrich. « Transferring strategy and structure : The German chemical industry as an exemplar for Great Britain ». Dans The German Chemical Industry in the Twentieth Century, 217–41. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9377-9_8.

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Edgerton, David. « The State, War and Technical Innovation in Great Britain, 1930–50 : the Contrasts of Military and Civil Industry ». Dans Deciphering Science and Technology, 29–49. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20520-2_2.

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Bennett, Stuart. « The Use of Measuring and Controlling Instruments in the Chemical Industry in Great Britain and the USA during the Period 1900–1939 ». Dans Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900–1939, 215–37. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1233-0_10.

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Gekara, Victor Oyaro. « Union Organising in the Context of Regional Labour Market Decline : The Case of Nautilus International ». Dans The World of the Seafarer, 157–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_13.

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AbstractOver the past few decades the impact of globalisation on society and industry at the national level has been immense and has been studied and extensively documented in the literature. Some of the major benefits and losses accruing from economic globalisation, particularly since the late 1970s have been debated by dominant political economy commentators (see e.g. Harvey 2005; Held et al. 1999; Strange 1996; Scholte 2000; Stiglitz 2002; Giddens 2002; Chomsky 2017). An important aspect of the globalising process has been the extensive restructuring of production and distribution patterns in search of cheaper resources, through aggressive outsourcing and offshoring. The result for many national economies, particularly advanced industrial states, has been a drastic decline in traditional industries affecting both labour and capital (Dunning 1993; Beck 2005; Perraton 2019). This chapter examines the decline in the seafaring labour markets of the so-called Traditional Maritime Countries (TMN), and the implications for union organising focusing on the UK and its seafaring labour. It examines the creation of Nautilus International (NI) Union via a merger of unions for maritime professionals across different countries in Europe initially beginning with Great Britain, the Netherlands and later Switzerland. This was a uniquely strategic response to declining membership and weakening organising capacity. Some of the key challenges associated with unions trying to organise and represent their members in the context of industrial and labour market decline are explored.
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Ord, Lewis C. « Industry in Great Britain ». Dans Secrets of Industry, 135–44. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351247931-15.

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« ‘Revolution through Continuity’ in Britain ». Dans Collaboration in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 214–47. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203406687-16.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Pharmaceutical industry – Great Britain"

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Abdullina, D., et R. Safin. « ENERGY-RESOURCE-SAVING PLANT FOR WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY WASTE PROCESSING WITH THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE – BETULIN ». Dans Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_7-11.

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The work is aimed at solving the urgent problem of rational environmental management - increasing the complexity of the use of wood raw materials by chemical processing of birch bark in order to obtain a biologically active substance — betulin, which is of great interest for the chemical-pharmaceutical and food industries. A scheme of energy- and resource-saving technology for extracting betulin from birch wood waste has been proposed and a pilot plant has been developed that can be used to test the modes of obtaining high-purity betulin.
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Cooper, Nathanial, Anna Panteli et Nilay Shah. « A Biomass Supply Chain Optimization Framework With Linear Approximation of Biomass Yield Distributions for Improved Land Use ». Dans ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11399.

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Abstract Biomass and the bio-economy have strong potential to help shift dependency away from petroleum. Supply chain optimisation (SCO) has been used to help other industries and can be used to boost biomass industry viability. Biomass supply chain models frequently average the biomass yield of large tracts of land in their calculations. However, there can be large variation in the biomass yield within those tracts, losing useful information. This work presents a biomass SCO framework which approximates the available quality of land by piecewise linearly approximation of the biomass yield distribution, and incorporates this information into the optimisation. The linear estimates of the biomass yield distributions allow the SCO model to make more informed decisions about quantity and location of biomass growth operations, affecting all downstream decisions. A case study of mainland Great Britain has been examined using the framework to illustrate the impact of retaining biomass yield information in the optimisation, versus averaging the yield across tracts of land. The case study found that using biomass yield linear estimates reduced the overall land usage by 10%. Further, it improved biomass output, which increased the quantity of bio-products produced. All of this led to an increase in the overall profit.
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Imbert, Clément, et Reynold John. « TRANSITION FROM MASTER CRAFTSMAN TO ENGINEERING DEGREE ». Dans International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/aook6981.

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There is a great need for Master-Craftsmen who are highly valued in industry locally but are not afforded the same recognition as in Germany, so in order to encourage more applicants a bridging progression to a Bachelor’s degree should be devised. There are several paths to the education of engineers. Traditionally students of engineering attend secondary school from which they matriculate to a tertiary institution. In many countries candidates may opt to do an Associate degree articulating to a Bachelor’s degree. However, in some countries, it is possible to become an engineer without a traditional degree, usually in a more practically-oriented apprenticeship programme. In Britain for example, such candidates complete National Vocational Qualifications(NVQs) in engineering while working at a company. NVQs typically range from Level 1 to Level 8, Levels 6 and 7 being equivalent to Bachelor’s and taught Master’s degrees respectively. In Germany, there is also an alternative qualification to the Bachelor’s degree, the more practically-oriented Meister (Master-Craftsman in English), both of which are equally recognized and respected professionally and are both pegged at Level 6 in the 8-Level German National Qualifications Framework (NQF). The MIC Institute of Technology has adopted a Master-Craftsman programme which is accredited by the German Chamber of Crafts and Trades. Candidates have to first complete the (trimester) Journeyman programme comprising three years, about 50% of which comprise industrial attachments/internships. Successful Journeyman graduates can progress to the Master-Craftsman qualification by completing an extra (trimester) year of study. This paper deals with the progression of Master-Craftsman graduates, through advanced placement, in a Bachelor of Technology programme. The Master-Craftsman curricula have to be mapped against a typical Bachelor of Technology programme to determine the gaps in mathematical, theoretical and other areas and mechanisms to fill any gaps.
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Akseki, Ilgaz, Christopher F. Libordi et Cetin Cetinkaya. « Non-Contact Acoustic Techniques for Drug Tablet Monitoring ». Dans ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13940.

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Quality assurance monitoring and material characterization is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. If the tablet coating and/or core are defective, the desired dose delivery and bioavailability can be compromised. Tablet coatings serve a wide variety of purposes such as regulating controlled release of active ingredients in the body, contributing to the bioavailability of a particular drug or combination of drugs, during certain times and locations within the body, protecting the stomach from high concentrations of active ingredients, extending the shelf life by protecting the ingredients from degradation from moisture and oxygen, and improving the tablet's visual appeal. If a coating layer is non-uniform and/or contains surface or sub-surface defects, the desired dose delivery and bioavailability can be compromised. The Food and Drug Administration has initiated a program named the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) in order to ensure efficient quality monitoring at each stage of the manufacturing process by the integration of analytical systems into the procedure. Improving consistency and predictability of tablet action by improving quality and uniformity of tablets is required. An ideal technique for quality monitoring would be non-invasive, non-destructive, rapid, intrinsically safe and cost-effective. The objective of the current investigation was to develop, non-contact/non-destructive techniques for monitoring and evaluating drug tablets for mechanical defects such as coating layer irregularities, internal cracks and delamination using a laser-acoustic approach. In the proposed system, a pulsed laser is utilized to generate non-contact mechanical excitations and interferometric detection of transient vibrations of the drug tablets. Three novel methods to excite vibration in drug tablets are developed and employed: (i) a vibration plate excited by a pulsed-laser, (ii) pulsed laser-induced plasma expansion, and (iii) an air-coupled acoustic transducer. Nanometer-scale transient surface displacements of the drug tablets are measured using the laser interferometer. Signal processing techniques are then applied to these transient displacement responses to differentiate the defective tablets from the nominal ones. From the analysis of frequency spectra and the time-frequency spectrograms obtained under both mechanisms, it can be concluded that defective tablets can be effectively differentiated from the nominal ones.
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Kravárik, Kamil, Vladimír Míchal et Peter Menyhardt. « Technologies Used for D&D of the A-1 NPP in Slovakia and Their Comparison With Advanced Worldwide Approaches ». Dans ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1279.

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Abstract This paper deals with technologies used for decommissioning and decontamination of the A-1 Nuclear Power Plant in Slovakia and their comparison with advanced worldwide approaches. Present status and main results in the field of D&D of this first Czechoslovak NPP A-1 at Jaslovské Bohunice are described. NPP A-1 has one unit with reactor cooled by CO2 and moderated by heavy water. Plant was in operation from 1972 to 1977 and its final shutdown and closure were done due to relatively serious accident. The A-1 NPP Decommissioning Project – I. phase is performed at the present time and represents the most important project of NPP decommissioning in Central Europe. The main goal of the project is to achieve radiologically safe status of the NPP. It includes following activities: • conditioning, storage and disposal of liquid radioactive waste, solid and metallic radioactive waste, sludge and sorbents, • development, manufacture and verification of advanced methodologies and technologies for D&D of nuclear facilities, • decontamination of specified equipment and structures to reduce free activity, • technical support and preparation of following phases within the A-1 NPP overall decommissioning process. The project should give the complex solution of problems related to decommissioning and decontamination of NPPs in Slovakia. Verified methodology and technology should be used as a generic approach for decommissioning of the V-1, V-2 (Jaslovské Bohunice) and Mochovce Nuclear Power Plants as well as the other European NPPs with WWER reactors. Significant part of paper deals with following issues within D&D of the A-1 NPP: • computer aided technologies, • decontamination, • dismantling, demolishing and remote handling manipulators, • dosimetry measurements within D&D, • radioactive waste management. This paper also includes basic comparison with advanced worldwide approaches to decommissioning and decontamination mainly in USA, Japan and West Europe and the recommendations are done when it is possible. The comparison shows that trends in the field of D&D in the Slovak Republic are compatible and comparable with the most significant world trends. It is noted that some sorts of D&D technologies like for example telerobotic systems developed in the world are at the relatively higher technical level. Decommissioning technologies in Slovakia should be permanently improved on the base of experiences from home and abroad industry and from the real operation. It is supposed that after short time could be achieved technical level comparable with the best D&D robots and manipulators. A basic strategy of NPP decommissioning in the Slovak Republic is regulated by standards, which are in accordance with recommendations of international bodies like the International Atomic Energy Agency, European Commission, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency etc. In the field of NPP D&D the Slovak Republic co-operates with many international organizations and also with main active countries in D&D like Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, USA, Japan, Russian Federation, Hungary, Poland and Czech Republic. Intensive international co-operation at all levels has already been established at the present time.
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