Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « PES/PVP Ultrafiltration membrane »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "PES/PVP Ultrafiltration membrane"
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Pasaoglu, Mehmet Emin, Serkan Guclu et Ismail Koyuncu. « Polyethersulfone/polyacrylonitrile blended ultrafiltration membranes : preparation, morphology and filtration properties ». Water Science and Technology 74, no 3 (4 juin 2016) : 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.252.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes have been paid attention among membrane research subjects. However, very few studies are included in the literature. In our study, asymmetric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of PES/PAN with phase inversion method using water as coagulation bath. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with Mw of 10,000 Da was used as pore former agent. N,N-dimethylformamide was used as solvent. The effects of different percentage of PVP and PES/PAN composition on morphology and water filtration properties were investigated. Membrane performances were examined using pure water and lake water filtration studies. Performances of pure water were less with the addition of PAN into the PES polymer casting solutions. However, long-term water filtration tests showed that PES/PAN blend membranes anti-fouling properties were much higher than the neat PES membranes. The contact angles of PES/PAN membranes were lower than neat PES membranes because of PAN addition in PES polymer casting solutions. Furthermore, it was found that PES/PAN blend UF membranes' dynamic mechanical analysis properties in terms of Young's modules were less than neat PES membrane because of decreasing amount of PES polymer.
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Gryta, Marek, et Piotr Woźniak. « The Resistance of Polyethersulfone Membranes on the Alkaline Cleaning Solutions ». Membranes 14, no 2 (23 janvier 2024) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14020027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Polyethersulfone (PES) is a polymer popularly used to produce ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. PES is relatively hydrophobic; thus, hydrophilic ingredients are added to the membrane matrix to reduce the fouling intensity. Ingredients such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) reduce the resistance of PES to NaOH solutions. This study investigated the possibility of using PES membranes for the separation of alkaline cleaning solutions. For this purpose, self-made PES membranes and commercial ultrafiltration PES membranes (UE10—10 kDa and UE50—100 kDa) containing PVP additive were used. The membranes were soaked for 18 months in alkaline (pH = 11.3–11.5) solutions of car washing fluids. It has been found that long-term contact with these solutions caused changes in the structure of the surface layer, especially of membranes containing PVP. As a result, the separation of dextran (100–200 kDa) decreased by 30–40% for PES membranes, 30–40% for UE10 and 40–60% for UE50. Despite these changes, the separation efficiency (rejection of COD, NTU and anionic surfactants) of synthetic car wash wastewater (mixture of surfactants and hydrowax) was similar to the results obtained for pristine membranes.
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Zhao, Huyang, Ting He, Shuang Yao, Long Tao, Xinhai Zhang, Zhaohui Wang, Zhaoliang Cui et Rizhi Chen. « Improved Protein Removal Performance of PES Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane with Sponge-like Structure ». Polymers 16, no 9 (25 avril 2024) : 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16091194.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research used polyethersulfone (PES) as a membrane material, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as water-soluble additives, and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent to prepare hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membranes through a nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The hydrophilic nature of PVP-k30 and PEG caused them to accumulate on the membrane surface during phase separation. The morphology, chemical composition, surface charge, and pore size of the PES membranes were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, and dextran filtration experiments. The paper also investigated how different spinning solution compositions affected membrane morphology and performance. The separation efficiency of membranes with four different morphologies was tested in single-protein and double-protein mixed solutions. The protein separation effectiveness of the membrane was studied through molecular weight cutoff, zeta potential, and static protein adsorption tests. In addition, the operating pressure and pH value were adjusted to improve ultrafiltration process conditions. The PES membrane with an intact sponge-like structure showed the highest separation factor of 11, making it a prime candidate membrane for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS). The membrane had a minimal static protein adsorption capacity of 48 mg/cm2 and had excellent anti-fouling properties. When pH = 4, the BSA retention rate was 93% and the LYS retention rate was 23%. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent stability over a pH range of 1–13, confirming its suitability for protein separation applications.
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Dang, Jingchuan, Yatao Zhang, Zhan Du, Haoqin Zhang et Jindun Liu. « Antibacterial properties of PES/CuCl2 three-bore hollow fiber UF membrane ». Water Science and Technology 66, no 4 (1 août 2012) : 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.238.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study, a three-bore polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with antibacterial properties was prepared by phase inversion, using PES as the membrane material, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and CuCl2 as additives. The effect of CuCl2 content on the water flux and rejection was studied and the antibacterial properties of PES hollow fiber UF membrane were also investigated. The water flux results indicated that the hydrophilic properties of PES UF membranes were improved after adding CuCl2. The rejection of PVA-50000 was expected to drop slightly but remain high above 96%. The membranes showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) after adding CuCl2 and the antibacterial rate of PES/CuCl2 UF membranes was close to 100% after running for 48 h. PES hollow fiber UF membranes with antibacterial properties were prepared through the formation of the water-soluble PVP/Cu2+ complex with spatial network structure, which have good antibacterial and hydrophilic properties. Therefore, this study could provide an effective method for membrane antifouling.
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Chen, Yifeng, Jingchuan Dang, Yatao Zhang, Haoqin Zhang et Jindun Liu. « Preparation and antibacterial property of PES/AgNO3 three-bore hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes ». Water Science and Technology 67, no 7 (1 avril 2013) : 1519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study, a three-bore polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with antibacterial properties was prepared by phase inversion, using PES as the membrane material, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and AgNO3 as additives. The silver particles were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of AgNO3 content on the antibacterial properties and separation performance was studied in detail. The membranes showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli after adding AgNO3 and the antibacterial rate of PES/AgNO3 UF membrane with AgNO3 content of 1 wt% could reach 99.9% after running for 48 hours. Moreover, the bovine serum albumin solution filtration results indicated that the PES/AgNO3 membranes had a certain degree of antifouling performance. Therefore, three-bore PES/AgNO3 membranes have a potential application to reduce both bacterial and organic fouling in water treatment.
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Gryta, Marek, Piotr Woźniak et Sylwia Mozia. « Effects of Alkaline Cleaning Agents on the Long-Term Performance and Aging of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes Applied for Treatment of Car Wash Wastewater ». Membranes 14, no 6 (24 mai 2024) : 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14060122.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The commercial ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membranes (10 and 100 kDa) blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were applied for the filtration of car wash wastewater. Periodical membrane rinsing with water did not prevent fouling and a decrease in permeate flux was observed. Fouling was reduced by washing the membranes with cleaning agents, which are used in car washes to clean wheels and remove insects. In addition to surfactants, these agents contain NaOH, hence the pH value of cleaning solutions was over 11. Long-term contact with such solutions resulted in the removal of PVP from the membrane matrix and an increase in pore size. The PES membranes were soaked in an alkaline solution (pH = 11.5) for 20 months, after which the 200 kDa dextran rejection decreased from 95% to 80%. To compare with the static degradation conditions, 8 weeks of alkaline agent filtration was realized, after which the dextran (200 kDa) rejection decreased below 50%. This indicated that the cross-flow of alkaline agents can accelerate the removal of components building the membrane matrix. Despite membrane degradation, the separation efficiency (the rejection of chemical oxygen demand—COD, turbidity, and surfactants) during the treatment of synthetic car wash wastewater was similar to that obtained for pristine membranes.
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Pellegrin, B., E. Gaudichet-Maurin et C. Causserand. « Mechano-chemical ageing of PES/PVP ultrafiltration membranes used in drinking water production ». Water Supply 13, no 2 (1 mars 2013) : 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In water treatment by microfiltration and ultrafiltration, a major concern is the integrity loss or failure of membrane induced by onsite operations, potentially leading to permeate water contamination. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the phenomena responsible for membrane damage by analyzing its causes and effects. The role of sodium hypochlorite exposure conditions and the impact of mechanical stress on membrane characteristics were investigated. Monitoring of hydraulic response, mechanical properties and the evolution of the chemical structure showed, on multiple scales, strong indications of membrane chemical degradation, involving radical mechanisms, accelerated by tensile stress application.
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Causserand, Christel, Bastien Pellegrin et Jean-Christophe Rouch. « Effects of sodium hypochlorite exposure mode on PES/PVP ultrafiltration membrane degradation ». Water Research 85 (novembre 2015) : 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.028.
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Abdallah, Heba, Tarek S. Jamil, A. M. Shaban, Eman S. Mansor et Eglal R. Souaya. « Influence of the polyacrylonitrile proportion on the fabricated UF blend membranes’ performance for humic acid removal ». Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no 2 (23 février 2018) : 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Asymmetric blend membranes of polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were prepared and developed for ultrafiltration applications. The membranes were prepared by dissolving two polymers in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent with diethylene glycol (DEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as non-solvent and pore former, respectively. The produced membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the hydrophilicity of membranes was tested by contact angle measurements. The performance of prepared membranes was carried out by an ultrafiltration testing unit, where the efficiency of membranes was determined according to the humic acid separation and treated water permeate flux. The results indicated that using 1 wt.% of PAN in polymer mixture provided a blending membrane with high mechanical properties and high performance; the humic acid rejection reached 92.47% with treated water permeate flux 70 l/m2·h at feed pressure 6 bar.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Masooma Irfan, Ani Idris, Abdullah Saad Alsubaie, Khaled H. Mahmoud, Noordin Mohd Yusof et Naeem Akhtar. « Dual Optimized Sulfonated Polyethersulfone and Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Tube Based Composites High Fouling Resistance Membrane for Protein Separation ». Membranes 12, no 3 (16 mars 2022) : 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030329.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Commercial grade sulfonated-Polyethersulfone (S-PES) and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanocomposites (NCs) were used to enhance and optimize the antifouling, protein resistance and protein separation properties of the S-PES ultrafiltration membranes. The polarities of sulfonic groups of S-PES, carbonyl carbon of pyrrolidone, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of f-MWCNT in the membrane composition helped to strongly bind each other through hydrogen bonding, as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These binding forces greatly reduced the leaching of NCs and developed long finger-like projection, as confirmed by elution ratio and cross-sectional studies of the membranes via field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The contact angle was reduced up to 48% more than pristine PES. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the various parameters of surface roughness with 3d diagrams, while grain analysis of membrane surface provided a quantitative estimation about volume, area, perimeter, length, radius and diameter. The NCs/S-PES enhanced the flux rate with an impressive (80–84%) flux recovery ratio and (58–62%) reversible resistance (Rr) value in situ, with 60% and 54.4% lesser dynamic and static protein adsorption. The best performing membrane were reported to remove 31.8%, 66.3%, 83.6% and 99.9% for lysozyme-(14.6 kDa), trypsin-(20 kDa), pepsin-(34.6 kDa) and bovine serum albumin (BSA-66 kDa), respectively.
Thèses sur le sujet "PES/PVP Ultrafiltration membrane"
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Pellegrin, Bastien. « Analyse multi-échelle de la dégradation de membranes d'ultrafiltration en polyethersulfone - poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) en conditions d'usage ». Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2084/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ces travaux portent sur l'étude du vieillissement de membranes d'ultrafiltration en PES / PVP. Ils sont motivés par le constat industriel de l'endommagement des membranes au cours de leur utilisation. Il est démontré que l'hypochlorite de sodium utilisé lors des procédures de lavages sur site de production d'eau potable est le principal responsable du vieillissement des membranes. Cette dégradation chimique conduit à une oxydation radicalaire de la PVP (avec et sans rupture de chaînes), entraînant son élimination partielle de la structure de la membrane. Ce phénomène provoque une augmentation de la perméabilité à l'eau pure, une diminution de la sélectivité et une altération des propriétés mécaniques de la membrane. Une relation directe entre l'évolution de l'allongement à la rupture (déterminé par essais de traction) et la quantité de PVP contenue dans les 40 premiers microns en dessous de la surface de la membrane est notamment établie. Nous mettons également en évidence la relative stabilité de la PES. L'exposition de la PES à l'hypochlorite provoque la formation de phénols ortho-substitués (sans rupture de chaînes), uniquement en présence de PVP. En plus de l'altération de la sélectivité et des propriétés mécaniques, d'un point de vue applicatif, ces modifications chimiques donnent lieu à une augmentation de la sensibilité au colmatage. Les résultats de cette étude de vieillissement accéléré en laboratoire sont supportés par l'analyse de membranes issues de modules ayant opéré durant plusieurs années sur site de production d'eau potable. En effet, les marqueurs macroscopiques et moléculaires de la dégradation présentent, dans les deux cas, les mêmes évolutions. Cependant, l'accent est mis sur l'invalidité du concept de dose, très largement utilisé pour quantifier l'avancement de la dégradation. En effet, nous démontrons que, dans la gamme de concentrations et de temps que nous avons étudié, il existe un effet prépondérant de la concentration par rapport au tempsMotivated by drinking water production plants reporting membrane failure issues, this study investigates the ageing of a commercially available PES / PVP UF hollow fiber. Proof is given that membrane degradation is mainly induced by sodium hypochlorite exposure. The effects on the PES chemical structure are limited, very low extend of chain scission occurs and the formation of an ortho-substituted phenol is observed as the main modification. Experiments show that the presence of PVP and/or PVP degradation products is a required condition for the PES oxidation to occur. On the other hand, PVP appears to be very sensitive to hypochlorite exposure. PVP radical oxidation mechanisms are identified presenting a maximal reaction rate for neutral to slightly basic pH and leading to the partial removal of the PVP degradation products from the membrane structure. Correlation of macroscopic and molecular characterizations demonstrates that PVP degradation is responsible for the membrane integrity loss (impairing selectivity and mechanical performance), while hypochlorite exposure also induces enhanced membrane / solutes interactions, leading to an accentuated fouling. The representativeness of static continuous hypochlorite exposure regarding the actual on-site membrane ageing is confirmed by the analysis of membranes extracted from an industrially operated module. Nevertheless, the hypochlorite dose parameter, widely used in the literature, is demonstrated to be inappropriate to describe the degradation rate: the hypochlorite concentration impact is shown to be dominating the exposure time impact on the degradation rate
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Kavugho, Mission Sophie. « Formulation et étude de nouveaux détergents enzymatiques pour le nettoyage des membranes d'ultrafiltration de l'industrie laitière : développement et validation de méthodologies associées ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’ultrafiltration (UF) du lait écrémé pour la standardisation de la teneur en protéines pour la fabrication des fromages est un procédé membranaire très répandu à l’échelle industrielle. Cependant, le colmatage des membranes par des protéines du lait écrémé provoque une baisse de la productivité et constitue un verrou de ce procédé.Ainsi, l’étape de nettoyage/désinfection bi-quotidienne est indispensable afin de restaurer les performances de la membrane et d’assurer la sécurité sanitaire ainsi que la qualité des produits. Elle est en général réalisée avec des détergents formulés alcalins et acides mais il est également possible d’utiliser des détergents enzymatiques formulés ayant la réputation d’être plus efficaces. Cependant, peu d’études fondamentales existent à ce sujet, ce que cette thèse se propose de contribuer à combler. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer de nouveaux détergents enzymatiques efficaces et compatibles avec la membrane en PES/PVP largement utilisée pour l’UF de lait écrémé. La cible du nettoyage est un dépôt de protéines. La démarche s’est appuyée sur une méthodologie d’aide à la formulation de détergents fondée sur la mesure des dépôts résiduels sur la membrane par ATR-FTIR: que ce soit les protéines, les enzymes ou les autres constituants des détergents étudiés. De multiples prototypes ont été formulés en collaboration avec la société Kersia. Leur évaluation a suivi 3 étapes: i) des tests rapides en réacteur fermé (14 cm²) pour sélectionner les détergents prometteurs selon leur efficacité d’élimination du colmatage protéique, leur rinçabilité et le respect de l’intégrité de la membrane à court termes, ii) la transposition des résultats prometteurs en condition de filtration (127 cm²) validant également la filtrabilité des détergents, iii) enfin, la validation de la compatibilité détergent/membrane sur le long terme grâce au vieillissement accéléré sous micro-onde (3 cm²), et au nettoyage d’une membrane spirale (6.8 m²) pendant 52 heuresUltrafiltration (UF) of skim milk for standardization of the protein content for cheese making is a very common membrane process at industrial scale. However, fouling of the membranes with skim milk proteins causes a drop in productivity and constitutes a barrier to this process. Thus, the twice-daily cleaning/disinfection step is essential to restore the performance of the membrane and ensure health safety and product quality. It is generally carried out with alkaline and acidic formulated detergents, but it is also possible to use formulated enzymatic detergents which enjoy the reputation of being more effective. However, few fundamental studies exist on this subject, which this thesis aims to contribute to fill. The objective of this thesis was to develop new enzymatic detergents that are are effecient and compatible with the PES/PVP membrane widely used for skim milk UF. The target of the cleaning is a protein deposit. The approach was based on a methodology to aid the formulation of detergents based on the measurement of residual deposits on the membrane by ATR-FTIR: whether proteins, enzymes or other constituents of the detergents studied. Mutliple prototypes were formulated in collaboration with Kersia Company. Their evaluation followed 3 steps: i) rapid tests in a batch reactor (14 cm²) to select promising detergents according to their effectiveness in eliminating protein fouling, their cleanability and the integrity of the membrane in the short term, ii) transposition of promissing results under filtration conditions (127 cm²) also validating the filterability detergents, iii) finally, validation of detergent/membrane compatibility over the long term thanks to accelerated aging under microwave (3 cm²) and cleaning of the spiral wound membrane (6.8 cm²) for 52 hours
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Lin, Jian-De, et 林建德. « Nano-titania (TiO2)/polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane preparation and antifouling capability analyses ». Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jas35s.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
106
In this research, we introduce TiO2 sol (synthesized via the sol-gel procedure) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the casting dope for polyethersulfone (PES)/TiO2 composite membrane formation. The former additive is used to enhance the hydrophilicity, whereas the latter functions as a pore former to engender pore-pore interconnection. Prepared membranes (termed mixed matrix membrane, MMM) can be divided into 3 series: P0, P1.5 and P5, according to the amount of added PVP. Each series consists of several membranes with TiO2 contents. To disperse TiO2 finely (on the scale of 2-3 nm) in the casting dope, the sol-gel process incorporates DMAc as the solvent, same as that used for preparation of the casting dopes. All membranes show the asymmetric structure with a dense surface (skin) and a porous cross section composed of finger-liked macrovoids and large irregular macrovoids. With the increase of added PVP, the pores on the top and bottom surfaces increase, resulting in an increase of the pure water flux, while the irregular large macrovoids gradually transform into finger-liked macrovoids. Changing the amount of added TiO2, the surface pore size of the membrane is found to increase first and then decrease; the pure water flux follows the same trend. The porosity of the membrane is about 80-88%, and the contact angle of the top surface gradually decreases with the addition of TiO2. The tensile strength decreases with the increase of added amount of PVP, which is attributed to the larger pores of the top and bottom surfaces. However, when the added PVP is fixed, the tensile strength increases first and then decreases with the addition of TiO2. The amount of PVP resided in the membrane has been determined by NMR analysis. The results show that about 90% of the PVP is removed during the membrane formation process and the residual amount only accounts for 1-2% of the membrane weight. Thermal properties based on TGA and DSC analysis show that the thermal stability of the membrane increases with the TiO2 content: an increase of 5C on the maximum thermal degradation temperature and 10C of the glass transition temperature. The BSA filtration experiments show that the rejection ratio of the P0 and P1.5 series are both 99% and yet it is only about 93% for the P5 series. As to the pure water flux and the recovery ratio, both increase first and then decrease with the TiO2 content. The reason is that TiO2 can increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface and thus reduces the hydrophobic adsorption of BSA on the surface. However, excessive amount of TiO2 can cause agglomeration of TiO2, which in turn lead to decrease of its antifouling efficiency. PEG is used to determine the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membranes. For the P0 series, the MWCO is about 270-350 kDa, for the P1.5 series, it is about 325-510 kDa, and for the P5 series, it is about 450-850 kDa. These results are consistent with the pure water flux and the pore size data.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "PES/PVP Ultrafiltration membrane"
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Mokhtar, Hamizah, Afizah Ayob, Siti Aisyah Ishak, Duratul Ain Tholibon, Siti Safirah Rashid, Nurul Aishah Abd Rahman et Noor Safwan Muhamad. « Flat Sheet PSF/PVP Ultrafiltration Membrane for Leachate Treatment ». Dans Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 327–42. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6022-4_21.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "PES/PVP Ultrafiltration membrane"
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Lubis, Mirna Rahmah, Umi Fathanah, Mukramah Yusuf, Syawaliah Muchtar, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Suraiya Kamaruzzaman, Zuhra Zuhra, Rina Hazliani et Devi Rahmanda. « Preparation and characterization of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as additive using non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method ». Dans THE 2ND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (NACOME) 2021 : Mathematical Proof as a Tool for Learning Mathematics. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114753.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "PES/PVP Ultrafiltration membrane"
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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger et Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.