Thèses sur le sujet « Perte de transmission sonore »
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Legault, Julien. « Modélisation de la perte par transmission des parois légères à double panneaux ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1554.
Texte intégralGholami, Mohammad Sadegh. « Un modele vibroacoustique pour prevoir l’effet de niche sur la perte par transmission sonore ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6178.
Texte intégralCui, Dongze. « A Contribution to Vibroacoustics of Highly Heterogeneous Metastructures through Wave Finite Element Scheme ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0031.
Texte intégralThe research aims to extend existing studies for heterogeneous metastructures with high contrast and high dissipation features. The multi-scale dynamics, vibroacoustic indicators, wave coupling effect, and high-order waves of heterogeneous metastructures are investigated within the wave-based frameworks. The wave-based models for Highly Contrasted Structures (HCS) and Highly Dissipative Structures (HDS) are explored. Various methods for computing the vibroacoustic indicators, such as the wavenumber space, Damping Loss Factor (DLF), and Sound Transmission Loss (STL), are reviewed. Special attention is placed on the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) exploiting the Zig-Zag model and homogenization technique to predict the multi-scale dynamics of HCS by the bending wavenumbers. Meanwhile, the analytical Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and its generalization for complex structures by the Finite Element (FE) model (General Transfer Matrix Method, GTMM), the semi-analytical General Laminate Model (GLM) employing Mindlin's displacement theory, the numerical Wave Finite Element (WFE) scheme are presented. Evaluation on the robustness and accuracy of AHM and GLM is made by comparing the wavenumber space and DLF with the reference WFE method. The Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem (NEP) in the WFE scheme for waves propagating in varying directions is solved by a Contour Integral (CI) solver, the complex wavenumbers are tracked based on the energy continuity criteria in the frequency domain. The validity limits of AHM and GLM are verified. The feasibility of applying the WFE method to sandwich structures with non-homogeneous components is shown using the classical FE-based Power Input Method (PIM-FEM). The WFE framework is extended for accurately predicting the global DLF of HDS. It starts by deriving the forced responses of a Unit Cell (UC) representative of the periodic structure when excited by an impinging wave. Then it computes the DLF of the wave via the power balance equation. By employing the Bloch expansion, the response to a point force applied to the periodic structure is decomposed in the Brillouin zone, allowing the prediction of total response via integration over the wavenumber space. The global DLF is derived based on the principle of PIM. For HDS, results of GLM are exploited for validating the wave DLF, the PIM-FEM approach is provided as reference approach for the global DLF. The shrinking influence of bending waves on the DLF estimation for HDS is discussed, as well as the importance of Bloch mode orders. \newline Sound transmission coefficients can be exploited to depict the contribution from the wavenumber space to the STL of the heterogeneous metastructures. The WFE method is applied to study the wave coupling mechanisms influencing the sound insulation performance of HCS and HDS, as well as the importance of symmetric motion to the sandwich structures with a very thick soft core. The same approach is applied to waveguides with complex cross-sections to investigate the wave coupling effect and high-order waves on the accurate STL estimation by analytical TMM, WFE, and GTMM approaches. Special attention is paid to curved periodic structures, the bending-membrane coupling mechanisms influencing the STL are also investigated
Polack, Jean-Dominique. « La transmission de l'energie sonore dans les salles ». Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1011.
Texte intégralPolack, Jean-Dominique. « La Transmission de l'énergie sonore dans les salles ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617594t.
Texte intégralLauvin, Grégoire. « Split Soundscape, le diorama sonore : la reconstitution de l'espace sonore en temps réel ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0591.
Texte intégralSplit Soundscape is a practice based research project that revisits the concepts of Soundscape and Schizophonia originally introduced by the composer R. Murray Schafer. The artistic practice consists of a series of sound installations that focus on the reconstitution of sound space in real time. A number of “Open” microphones located in given territories are employed to transmit the local sonic environment via the internet in real time (using audio streaming technologies). A new soundscape is composed from these transmitted soundscapes and played through loudspeakers in a dedicated (exhibition) listening space. The theoretical research investigates geographical, sociological and philosophical definitions of space. The concept of soundscape as defined by Schafer is called into question and reconsidered from the perspective of sound archeology and as a social construct. This in turn, leads to the positioning of listening as being central in the construction of soundscape. The notion of Schizophonia (the separation of an original sound from his technical reproduction) is examined in detail and compared with Pierre Schaeffer’s definition of the sound object or objet sonore as an alternative consequence of mechanical reproduction. The artistic practice is contextualized in relation to the field of contemporary sound art and more specifically the concepts of flux, indeterminism in composition. The tools developed to facilitate the practice are described, and the evolution of the art project is presented as a succession of experiments informed by the academic research
Ghinet, Sebastian. « Étude numérique et optimisation de la perte par transmission des parois insonorisant multicouches ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1092.
Texte intégralGhinet, Sebastian. « Étude numérique et optimisation de la perte par transmission des parois insonorisant multicouches ». Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Trouver le texte intégralRuiz, Marta. « Contrôle actif de la perte par transmission d'une plaque par minimisation du débit volumique ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0031/MQ67324.pdf.
Texte intégralRuiz, Marta. « Contrôle actif de la perte par transmission d'une plaque par minimisation du débit volumique ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1121.
Texte intégralMortaki, Mustapha. « Identification de couches d'adaptation acoustique par leurs coéfficients de transmission avec ou sans perte ». Le Havre, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LEHA0005.
Texte intégralRuiz, Marta. « Contrôle actif de la perte par transmission d'une plaque par minimisation du débit volumique ». Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Trouver le texte intégralSmimite, Abderrahmane. « Optimisation du son 3D immersif, qualité et transmission ». Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132031/document.
Texte intégralIn this work, three complementary topics regarding the use of multichannel spatial audio in professional applications have b e en studied. SIRIUS, is an audio transport mechanism designed to convey multiple professional-grade audio channels over a regular LAN while maintaining their synchronization. The system reliability is guaranteed by using a FEC mechanism and a selective redundancy, without introducing any important network overload. The system also offers a low latency that meet the professional applications requirements and can operate on the existing infrastructures and coexist with other IT traffic. The system relies on standard protocols and offers a high level of interoperability with equivalent technologies. The overall performances satisfy Pro Audio requirements. The second contribution is AQUA, a comprehensive framework for multichannel audio quality assessment that provides efficient tools for both subjective and objective quality evaluation. The subjective part consists of a new design of reliable listening tests for multichannel sound that analyze both perceptual and spatial information. Audio localization accuracy is reliably evaluated using our gesture-based protocol build around the Kinect. Additionally, this protocol relies on EEG signals analysis for psychological biases monitoring and efficient subjects screening. The objective method uses a binaural model to down-mix the multichannel audio signal into a 2-channels binaural mix that maintains the spatial cues and provides a simple and scalable analysis. The binaural stream is processed by a perceptual and spatial models that calculate relevant cues. Their combination is equivalent to the internal representation and allows the cognitive model to estimate an objective quality grade. In parallel, the psychological model simulate the human behavior by adjusting the output grades according to the previous ones (i.e., the experience effect). The overall performance shows that AQUA model can accurately predict the perceptual and spatial quality of a multichannel audio in a very realistic manner. The third focus of the study is to optimize the listening experience in surround sound systems (OPTIMUS). Considering the sweet spot issue in these systems and the complexity of its widening, we introduce a tracking technique that virtually moves the sweet spot location to the actual position of listener(s). Our approach is non-intrusive and uses thermal imaging for listeners identification and tracking. The original channels are considered as virtual sources and remixed using the VBAP technique. Accordingly, the audio system virtually follows the listener actual position. For home-cinema application, the kinect can be used for the tracking part and the audio adjustment can be done using HRTFs and cross-talk cancellation filters. The system shows an improvement of the localization accuracy and the quality of the listening experience
Pierre-Marie, Gandoin. « Compression progressive et sans perte de structures géométriques ». Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771344.
Texte intégralBa, Abdoulaye Sidiki. « Étude de la transmission acoustique de métaplaques localement résonantes ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0228/document.
Texte intégralAcoustic metamaterials may behave like sub-wavelength and broadband sound-absorbers, opening thus new promising routes for sound insulation. In this context, we have designed and achieved heterogeneous structures composed of soft porous silicone rubber microbeads with ultra-low sound speeds, dispersed in various aqueous or elastomeric matrices. First, we show why the sound speed is so low in soft porous silicone rubber materials (<100m/s) in comparison with soft homogeneous materials (~1000m/s). Such a large sound-speed contrast resulting in strongly scattering properties of the microbeads, we have studied the influence of the matrix characteristics as well as the arrangement of microbeads (random or ordered) on the acoustic properties of the samples in form of sub-wavelength slabs. We have evidenced deep and wide minima of acoustic transmission due to the strong monopolar resonances of the microbeads, which strongly depend on the properties of the surrounding matrix. All our ultrasonic measurements have been compared with theoretical predictions based on various Multiple Scattering Theories, revealing an excellent quantitative agreement
Sauvageot, Loïc. « Prédiction de la perte par transmission à travers un ou plusieurs étages de turbine d'un turboréacteur ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1605.
Texte intégralSalissou, Yacoubou. « Caractérisation des propriétés acoustiques des matériaux poreux à cellules ouvertes et à matrice rigide ou souple ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1916.
Texte intégralMejdi, Abderrazak. « Étude numérique et expérimentale de la réponse vibro-acoustique des structures raidies à des excitations aériennes et solidiennes ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1969.
Texte intégralPointel, Vincent. « Caractérisation expérimentale de la transmission acoustique de structures aéronautiques ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5508.
Texte intégralFiawoo, Marie-Faith. « Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission de la germination et la croissance des nanotubes de carbone synthétisés par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur ». Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112131.
Texte intégralSingle-wall carbon nanotubes can grow from nanoparticles either by high temperature processes (> 3000°), or low temperature processes (< 1200°C). In this thesis we tried to answer a few questions about the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes synthetized by chemical vapour deposition. We tented to understand the link between some parameters’synthesis and the change in the yield of few walls carbon nanotubes using a transmission electron microscope and its analysing tools. We have been studying the different stages of growth and identified indirectly the growth but also the destruction phenomena. Trough this study we deduce as well the role of hydrogen, already known by nanotubes’ growth community, but also the role of an underlay of titanium. Besides, for the first time, this work shows that tangential and parallel nucleation and growth on nanoparticles smaller than 5 nm are often possible
Robin, Olivier. « Reproduction de champs de pression acoustique aléatoires sur des surfaces planes ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6140.
Texte intégralLavergne, Jean-Louis. « Imagerie chimique à haute résolution spatiale "images-spectres" : Application à la caractérisation des cristaux composites d'halogénures d'argent ». Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0036.
Texte intégralMichau, Marc. « Méthode des impédances mécaniques virtuelles optimales pour le contrôle actif vibroacoustique d'un panneau aéronautique ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6017.
Texte intégralZue, Elibiyo Mexcent. « Transmission intergénérationnelle des langues au Gabon : une étude à partir des usages déclarés ». Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39052.
Texte intégralWith the notice that, today, Gabonese ethnic languages are less spoken by the young, parents become more concern with the necessity to pass on their language to their children. The approach adopted here is based on the analysis of endogroup and exogroup phenomena. We examine, on the one hand the interaction process among members of a linguistic group, and on the other hand the relationships that speakers of different ethnic languages may have one another. Our study is backed upon declared usages stemming from a survey carried out in two Gabonese cities (Libreville and Lambaréné), chosen because of their multiethnic feature. It comes out from this survey that the family still stands as a trustworthy element for the transmission of ethnic languages in Gabon. However, conscious of the fact that the only domestic unit seems not sufficient enough for the maintaining of ethnic languages, we must consider their introduction in the curriculum. But with regard the failure of the various attempts to introduce ethnic languages in the education system, we start wondering about the range of the linguistic policies implemented on the national level. The review of these policies allows us to conclude that the learning of Gabonese ethnic languages needs first a language planning. Their statute is still precarious before the imperialism of the colonial language, French
Arab, Mohammad-Waseem. « Étude et conception d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique à faibles niveau vibratoire et sonore pour véhicule électrique. Aspects "contrôle - commande" ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112231/document.
Texte intégralIn a global context governed by multiple economic, energetic and environmental factors, the transition towards transportation modes with zero polluting emissions seems inevitable. Hence, automotive manufacturers are investing increasingly in the development of electric powertrains in anticipation of the market needs. Among the different electric motors technologies considered for this application, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) presents attractive characteristics for the industry.The work presented in this thesis aims to elaborate solutions in response to the points still hindering the adoption of the SRM in electric vehicles. First, torque regulation of an SRM intended for an electric traction is analyzed. Taking into consideration the requirements of the application in hand, a regulation strategy is developed through the integration of two methods which complement each other over the studied SRM range of operation.In the second part, the subject of current regulation in the SRM is discussed. The issues related to current regulation in SRMs disposing of high current dynamics are firstly identified. Then, two current regulators, each adapted to different implementation conditions, are presented and validated through simulations.The last part of this thesis discusses the acceleration jerks induced at very low speeds and their repercussions on driving comfort . Indeed, electric traction introduces a new aspect on this rather classic issue. An anti-jerk control law, composed of two control actions, is developed. Simulations have shown the conformity of the performance obtained with the proposed control law with the target industrial specifications
Cherif, Raef. « Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique de la transmission acoustique de structures aéronautique : effets du couplage et de l'excitation ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7551.
Texte intégralAssaf, Rawad. « Analyse du comportement vibroacoustique des parois multicouches composites dans les constructions ». Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1036/document.
Texte intégralDouble-wall structures are widely used in noise control due to their superiority over single-leaf structures in providing better acoustic insulation. Typical examples include double glazed windows, fuselage of airplanes, vehicles, etc. In this context, we are interested in experimental and numerical study of the vibro-acoustic behavior of double-wall sandwich panels with viscoelastic core coupled to an acoustic enclosure. A finite element formulation is derived from a variational principle involving structural displacement and acoustic pressure in the fluid cavity. Since the elasticity modulus of the viscoelastic core is complex and frequency dependent, this formulation is complex and nonlinear. Therefore, the direct solution of this problem can be considered only for small model sizes. We successfully developed a reduced order-model to predict the sound transmission in any frequency range at a lower numerical cost. This model, based on a normal mode expansion, requires the computation of the uncoupled structural and acoustic modes. The uncoupled structural modes are the real and undamped modes of the sandwich panels without fluid pressure loading at fluid-structure interface, whereas the uncoupled acoustic modes are the cavity modes with rigid wall boundary conditions at the fluid-structure interface. Our numerical model is validated by means of experiments realized on simple, double and laminated glazing according to ISO 140 standards. This standard concerns the measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements. The numerical predictions agree reasonably well with experiments
Binois, Remy. « Etude de l'efficacité des silencieux à baffles parallèles et conception de solutions optimisées en basses fréquences ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066523.
Texte intégralBaffle-type silencers are widely used in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings to reduce noise being emitted from air-moving devices such as fans and air conditioners. These silencers generally consist of several baffles inserted in a duct with a rectangular cross section. Each baffle is made of sound absorbing material such as rockwool or glasswool. Usually, a metallic fairing is also placed at each end of the baffle. This thesis aims to analyze the effectiveness of these acoustic silencers to improve performance at low frequencies. First, a two-dimensional multimodal model is developed to predict the transmission loss for a wide variety of this type of silencer. The numerical model relies mainly on the computation of approximate acoustic modes for the mean pressure in each layer corresponding either to the airway or the baffle. The method offers the advantage that it greatly simplifies the mode matching procedure at the junction between successive domains and it can be used to tackle relatively complex geometrical configurations with the possibility of taking into account the presence of resistive screens between the porous baffle and the air domain. It is also an easy-to-implement and relatively inexpensive model suitable for optimization purposes. It has been experimentally validated in two measurement campaigns at reduced and actual scales. In a second step, the developed model is used to investigate different ways of improving performance at low frequencies. Suggested improvements are discussed in the case of standard silencers regarding the influence of the number of baffles, symmetry and periodicity of the silencer on the modal coupling and acoustic performance. For confidentiality reasons, other suggested improvements and optimized solutions are not included in this version
Regnard, Jean-Philippe. « Développement d’un concept d’isolant éco-acoustique ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6737.
Texte intégralGautron, Eric. « Caractérisation d'hétérostructures polycristallines par microscopie électronique en transmission : application aux cellules solaires à base de Cu (In, Ga)Se2 ». Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=89e38718-33e3-44e7-acc7-992410f1548c.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is the characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based (CIGSe) thin film solar cells at the nanoscale by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to better understand some of their macroscopic electrical characteristics. The CIGSe cells electrical back contact is a molybdenum thin layer made of crystalline columns separated by an amorphous phase which allows alkali, necessary to obtain high conversion yields, to diffuse from the glass substrate toward the CIGSe layer. The volume fraction of the amorphous phase can be adjusted by varying the argon pressure during molybdenum deposition by sputtering. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) allowed the identification of this amorphous phase. MoSe2 layer, which is formed spontaneously at the interface between Mo and CIGSe layers, was characterized by TEM under different deposition conditions. The elemental composition of the CIGSe layer is not homogenous. When the CIGSe layer is deposited by the "3-stage" process, the In/Ga ratio varies throughout the layer. This composition gradient depends on the characteristics of the molybdenum layer and affects the electrical results of the cells. In/Ga gradient was determined from low loss EELS signal and has been evaluated by comparing the profiles with those obtained by other analytical techniques. The potential role of alkali in the amplitude of In/Ga gradient is also discussed
Servanton, Germain. « Analyse quantitative de la distribution de l’arsenic dans les composants silicium nanométriques par spectroscopie de perte d’énergie des électrons, et contribution à l’étude de son incorporation par différentes techniques résolues à l’échelle atomique ». Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY048.
Texte intégralNowadays, the developments of new technological nodes (CMOS 40-45 nm) require to improve physical characterization techniques in order to quantitatively map silicon dopant distribution, such as arsenic. Moreover, the dopant electrical deactivation process needs to be understood to optimize semiconductor component performances. We used Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) modes in order to quantitatively map at the nanometric scale the arsenic dopant distribution. We showed the necessity the lowered the primary beam energy down to 120 keV in order to significantly reduce the silicon radiation damages. The comparison between the two spectroscopic modes demonstrates that the EDX detector shows a fast saturation, while it is possible using EELS technique to map the As distribution in semiconductor components. Several applications from STMicroelectronics devices (CMOS, BiCMOS) are shown. Results demonstrate sensitivity down to 1. 10! cm° (0. 02%) with a spatial resolution close to 2 nm. In a second part of the thesis, we focused on the arsenic dopant deactivation process from epitaxially grown samples (As:Si and Ge:Si). It is known that As,;V, (V, vacancy) clusters tend to inactivate arsenic. Using Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), we show the progressive arsenic clustering tendancy when the As concentrations increase. Atom Probe Tomography (APT) experiments performed at the Groupe de Physique des Matériaux (GPM) from the University of Rouen evidenced on the same layers a difference between the As-As and the Ge-Ge inter atomic distances. To conclude, on the contrary to the germanium, the arsenic atoms incorporates frequently in complex sites (not substitutional), which explains the low electrical activity from the studied layers
Legrain, Laurent. « S'attacher à transmettre et transmettre un attachement : les Darhad, leur répertoire et le continuum sonore en Mongolie contemporaine ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209777.
Texte intégralDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Noircler, Guillaume. « Caractérisation avancée par microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM) de matériaux innovants pour cellules solaires ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30194.
Texte intégralThis PhD thesis presents the development of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) protocols for the characterization of solar cell materials. Two distinct studies were carried out, one on the characterization of a passivation stack of monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) consisting of amorphous aluminum oxide and amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride (a-AlOx/a-SiNx: H) and another one on the characterization of boron doped silicon epitaxial layer highly hydrogenated. These materials are part of a common tandem solar cell project combining silicon and perovskite technologies. Low temperature silicon epitaxial layer (< 200°C) by RF-PECVD is an alternative to the standard boron diffusion or ion implantation, it ensures a lower thermal budget and the realization of a sharper doping profile. The complexity of this epi-layer process lies on the fact that many impurities are incorporated during growth. Particular attention is paid to defects by combining several TEM technics (HRTEM, STEM-HAADF) and by using image processing routine called Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) which allows to study strain field. For the as-grown epitaxial layer, we will show how the non-conventional PECVD growth process influences its microstructure and gives to it a non-uniform strain-field. In the annealed epitaxial layer, no strain is measured but nanotwins have been detected and analyzed through a geometric model. In STEM, a darker contrast is observed at the interface of the annealed sample most likely due to the migration of hydrogen atoms during annealing. The aim of the a-AlOx/a-SiNx: H passivation stack on c-Si is to preserve the electronic properties of the c-Si. In this stack, a-AlOx have the distinctive characteristic to give both chemical and field effect passivation which need further research to be more control. a-AlOx is known to be unstable under the electron-beam, so we first present a detailed study on the electron-beam radiation damage to c-Si/a-AlOx interface. This interface can indeed undergo several electron-beam irradiation damage like sputtering, knock-on or radiolysis if precautions are not taken. Radiolysis damage was found to be the dominant radiation damage. Thus, several STEM-EELS acquisition parameters like acceleration voltage, electron dose and scan orientation were taken into account and modified to limit this radiolysis damage. Once the irradiation was limited, STEM-EELS investigation was conduct using Si and Al L2,3 and O K edge fines structures. The interface was found to be composed of a-SiOx and non-stoichiometric aluminum silicate with a predominance of tetrahedrally coordinated Al in its first layer
Babel, Marie. « Compression d'images avec et sans perte par la méthode LAR (Locally Adaptive Resolution) ». Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131758.
Texte intégralaux erreurs.
La méthode LAR (Locally Adaptive Resolution) de base a été élaborée à des fins de compression avec pertes à bas-débits. Par l'exploitation des propriétés intrinsèques du LAR, la définition d'une représentation en régions auto-extractibles apporte une solution de codage efficace à la fois en termes de débit et en termes de qualité d'images reconstruites. Le codage à débit localement variable est facilité par l'introduction de la notion de région d'intérêt ou encore de VOP (Video Object Plane).
L'obtention d'un schéma de compression sans perte s'est effectuée conjointement à l'intégration de la notion de scalabilité, par l'intermédiaire de méthodes pyramidales. Associés à une phase de prédiction, trois codeurs différents répondant à ces exigences ont vu le jour : le LAR-APP, l'Interleaved S+P et le RWHT+P. Le LAR-APP (Approche Pyramidale Prédictive) se fonde sur l'exploitation d'un contexte de prédiction enrichi obtenu par un parcours original des niveaux de la pyramide construite. L'entropie des erreurs d'estimation résultantes (estimation réalisée dans le domaine spatial) s'avère ainsi réduite. Par la définition d'une solution opérant dans le domaine transformé, il nous a été possible d'améliorer plus encore les performances
entropiques du codeur scalable sans perte. L'Interleaved S+P se construit ainsi par l'entrelacement de deux pyramides de coefficients transformés. Quant à la méthode RWHT+P, elle s'appuie sur une forme nouvelle de la transformée Walsh-Hadamard bidimensionnelle. Les performances en termes d'entropie brute se révèlent bien supérieures à celles de l'état-de-l'art : des résultats tout à fait remarquables sont obtenus notamment sur les
images médicales.
Par ailleurs, dans un contexte de télémédecine, par l'association des méthodes pyramidales du LAR et de la transformée Mojette, un codage conjoint source-canal efficace, destiné à la transmission sécurisée des images médicales compressées sur des réseaux bas-débits, a été défini. Cette technique offre une protection différenciée intégrant la nature hiérarchique des flux issus des méthodes multirésolution du LAR pour une qualité de service exécutée de bout-en-bout.
Un autre travail de recherche abordé dans ce mémoire vise à l'implantation automatique des codeurs LAR sur des architectures parallèles hétérogènes multi-composants. Par le biais de la description des algorithmes sous le logiciel SynDEx, il nous a été possible en particulier de réaliser le prototypage de
l'Interleaved S+P sur des plate-formes multi-DSP et multi-PC.
Enfin, l'extension du LAR à la vidéo fait ici l'objet d'un travail essentiellement prospectif. Trois techniques différentes sont proposées, s'appuyant sur un élément commun : l'exploitation de la représentation en régions précédemment évoquée.
Aghaei, Nia Hassan. « Transmission de séquences d'images animées sur les réseaux hauts débits de type ATM ». Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e2fe8d29-b54c-41a6-b9f8-8c46ccb37409.
Texte intégralNelhiebel, Michael. « Effets d'orientation cristalline et interférométrie en spectrométrie des pertes d'énergie d'électrons ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0626.
Texte intégralBouché, Patrick. « Élaboration d’une grille de filtration pour hotte de cuisine inspirée des méta-matériaux ayant un maximum d’isolation acoustique ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10630.
Texte intégralJaimes, Isaac. « Contribution à la modélisation d’un turbocompresseur automobile et sa caractérisation acoustique ». Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0045/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, methodologies to perform the acoustic passive and active characterization of two port systems are presented. These methods are based on plane wave decomposition made at the inlet and at the outlet of the system. This decomposition is made according beamforming technique. Once these methods were validated on simple geometries, they were then applied to the compressor stage of an automotive turbocharger. The active acoustic characterization is made by the measurement of the acoustic power and acoustic intensity in the compressor ducts on given working points, but also on complete compressor maps. This was performed on turbocharger benches, engine benches and a complete vehicle. The passive acoustic characterization is made by the calculation of characteristic matrices (transfer matrix, impedance matrix and scattering matrix). These matrices are then used to compute the acoustic transmission loss. Experiments were performed on a static turbocharger and compared to 3D finite elements simulations, as well as experiments on an operating turbocharger
Boudarham, Guillaume. « Nanooptique avec des électrons rapides : métamatériaux, formulation modale de la EMLDOS pour des systèmes plasmoniques ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624471.
Texte intégralNelayah, Jaysen. « Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules metalliques aux échelles sous-longueur d’onde ». Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112331.
Texte intégralFrom a fundamental point of view as well as for potential applications, understanding the srinking optical properties of metallic nanoparticles is crucial. In this manuscript, we showed on different metallic nanosystems, the possibility of mapping at the sub-wavelength scale the spatial variations of the electromagnetic fields associated to surface Plasmon resonances in the visible domain. This has been made possible by combining energy resolution improvements brought about during this thesis to low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and the nanometer resolution accessible in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Experiments undertaken on triangular silver nanoprisms, gold nanodecahedra and dimers of triangular silver nanoprisms have enabled us to study, in particular, the correlation existing between the surface plasmons maps and the direction of the excitation its symmetry and the shapes of the nanoparticles. Moreover, using the recent link established between low-loss EELS signals and the local density of photonic states (this is a universal quantity analogous to the local density of electronis states measured in tunneling microscope), we have been able to analytically calculate and simulate the EELS response of a molecule in the presence of planar metallic surface and thus, verify the feasibility of single molecule EELS spectroscopy
Debove, Julien. « Approche de la musique modale et transmission orale de la musique hindoustanie au sein de la dynastie des Rajam ». Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0180.
Texte intégralBernier, Nicolas. « Etude couplée MET - EELS du carbone deutéré : application à la rétention du combustible dans les tokamaks ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30081.
Texte intégralWe developed a methodology, based on the combination of TEM and EELS techniques, for a structural and chemical characterization, at a high spatial resolution, of a wide range of carbon materials. We i) optimized, in the framework of theoritical models, the sp2 fraction quantification from pure carbons by EELS ii) transferred this quantification to deuterated amorphous carbon layers iii) showed, from graphitized carbons, how the TEM-EELS combination allows to detect low concentrations of implanted D. DUe to the accomplishment of these developments, we applied our approach to the study of D retention in composites C/C, which are the plasma-facing materials in TS. We showed that specific localized retention sites correspond to relatively large (~ 3 [micro]m) cracks between fibres and matrix ; such cracks offer a simple and direct path for deuterated amorphous carbon. The particle balance performed in TS is discussed in the light of this trapping mechanism
Binois, Remy. « Etude de l'efficacité des silencieux à baffles parallèles et conception de solutions optimisées en basses fréquences ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066523.
Texte intégralBaffle-type silencers are widely used in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings to reduce noise being emitted from air-moving devices such as fans and air conditioners. These silencers generally consist of several baffles inserted in a duct with a rectangular cross section. Each baffle is made of sound absorbing material such as rockwool or glasswool. Usually, a metallic fairing is also placed at each end of the baffle. This thesis aims to analyze the effectiveness of these acoustic silencers to improve performance at low frequencies. First, a two-dimensional multimodal model is developed to predict the transmission loss for a wide variety of this type of silencer. The numerical model relies mainly on the computation of approximate acoustic modes for the mean pressure in each layer corresponding either to the airway or the baffle. The method offers the advantage that it greatly simplifies the mode matching procedure at the junction between successive domains and it can be used to tackle relatively complex geometrical configurations with the possibility of taking into account the presence of resistive screens between the porous baffle and the air domain. It is also an easy-to-implement and relatively inexpensive model suitable for optimization purposes. It has been experimentally validated in two measurement campaigns at reduced and actual scales. In a second step, the developed model is used to investigate different ways of improving performance at low frequencies. Suggested improvements are discussed in the case of standard silencers regarding the influence of the number of baffles, symmetry and periodicity of the silencer on the modal coupling and acoustic performance. For confidentiality reasons, other suggested improvements and optimized solutions are not included in this version
Fares, Lahouari. « Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission et diffraction des rayons X des phénomènes de décollement aux interfaces barrière de diffusion TiN/Ti- diélectrique ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30021.
Texte intégralMahfoud, Zackaria. « Nanometric spectroscopies of plasmonic structures and semi-conductors nanocrystals ». Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0003/document.
Texte intégralFor this thesis, I have realised some experimental works using electron microscopy and electron spectroscopies for the study of plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductor nanocrystals . The aim being to study their optical properties with spatial resolutions of the order of a few nm. At this level it is possible to observe the electric near-field associated to the localised surface plasmon resonances supported by metallic nanostructures . So I was able to study the effect due to the presence of roughness on single gold nanorods and I have found that their presence locally alterate the structure of the electric near-field . Combined measurement of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS ) and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy were used to compare the near-field and far-field responses respectively. A study by EELS on the coupling between two metal nanorods positioned end to end and separated by a disance of tens of nanometers was used to map the localisation of hybridised modes separately on each branch of the dimers. Finally, comparative studies of cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence on single quantum dots have shown the equivalence of the information collected by these two techniques for such light emitters
Bozzolo, Nathalie. « Contribution de la microscopie électronique en transmission analytique à la caractérisation du diamant CVD ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_BOZZOLO_N.pdf.
Texte intégralSanhaji, Mani Ahmed. « Contribution à la réalisation d'un système de transmission de couple à vitesse variable ». Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES057.
Texte intégralGauthier, Magali. « Electrodes négatives à base de silicium pour accumulateurs au lithium : mécanisme réactionnel à l’échelle nanométrique et optimisation des performances ». Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=fcb185bb-03b8-4ebc-86c1-e07e14bf1c3e.
Texte intégralWith a theoretical specific capacity ten times higher than that of graphite, silicon establishes itself as a promising active material for negative electrodes of Li-ion batteries. While most research focuses on nanometric Si, the present study reports the achievement of cheap electrodes prepared through the synthesis of a micrometric nanostructured Si by mechanical milling. The approach chosen for this study was the understanding of reaction mechanisms at the nanoscale by the characterization of electrodes, in order to further optimize the performance. Characterization and study of failure mechanism of Si electrodes have been carried out by ex situ electron energy loss spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These analyses have provided information about the different interactions between the active material and the composite additives and about phase changes. Besides, the formation of electrolyte degradation products upon cycling was correlated to the end of life mechanism of the electrode. The key material of this thesis was obtained by simple mechanical milling of commercial millimetric powders or Si wafers. The main interest is the production of low cost Si electrodes (e. G. From industrial Si wastes). The nanostructuration created in the Si powder by the milling process, coupled with appropriate electrode and electrolyte formulations, provides remarkable performance (900 cycles at a capacity of 1200 mAh g-1 of Si), higher than those of electrodes based on nanometric Si
Rousseau, Karine. « Étude géométrique, structurale et chimique par microscopie électronique en transmission de joints de grains de surface dans Si ». Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066323.
Texte intégralSilva, Carlos Alexandre Ferreira Da. « Modeling and optimization of power losses in poly-V belt transmissions : Application to the Front Engine Accessory Drive of trucks ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI079/document.
Texte intégralThis work is a part of the Efficient Distribution Truck (EDIT, FUI 19) project, led by Volvo Trucks, whose objective is to reduce distribution vehicles’ fuel consumption for 2020 by 13% when compared with the current production vehicle EURO-6. The EDIT project targets five areas of research and technical solutions, one of which consists of obtaining an optimized poly-V belt transmission concerning the power losses. In terms of lifetime of the mechanical components, reduction of noise and vibrations, the Front Engine Accessory Drives (FEADs) are currently one of the most technologically sophisticated systems. However, further improvements can be made to make the vehicles more energy efficient. This thesis, which aims at investigating possibilities for reducing and optimizing the power losses in the FEADs, is composed of three main parts: the characterization of the viscoelastic materials of the poly-V belts via Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and the FEAD components; the modeling, the optimization and the implementation of the power loss models in a simulation tool; and their experimental validation through a test bench. The power losses occurring in a FEAD are of several types: poly-V internal losses (hysteresis of the belt-rubber), poly-V external losses (belt/pulley slip) and losses from the accessory drives (friction inside the bearings). These power losses can be quantified and optimized thanks to the models developed throughout this thesis. These models have been validated and implemented in a simulation tool (PLFead, Power Loss Front engine accessory drive), which has been developed to optimize the power losses taking into consideration the design parameters and operating conditions of the FEAD