Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Peritumoral adipose tissue »

Background: peritumoral collateral vessels adjacent to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be encountered in clinical practice. Cancer cachexia is defined as a decrease of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. In this study we evaluated, using a quantitative CT imaging-based approach, the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) male patients with and without collateral vessels. Methods: between November 2019 and February 2020, in this retrospective study we enrolled 106 ccRCC male Caucasian patients divided into two groups: a ccRCCa group without collateral vessels (n = 48) and a ccRCCp group with collateral vessels (n = 58). The total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas were measured in both groups. Moreover, the VAT/SAT ratio was calculated for each subject. Results: a statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in the SAT area (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found in the TAT area, VAT area and VAT/SAT ratio. Conclusion: this study demonstrates a reduction of SAT in ccRCC patients with peritumoral collateral vessels.

Objective: The excessive amount of adipose tissue, mainly visceral, determines adiposopathy. With respect to oncogenesis, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) releases secretes adipokines, proinflammatory citokines and growth factors, considered mediating molecules in the development of obesity-related tumors. In this study, we quantify VAT in male patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) subgrouped according to the presence or absence of peritumoral collateral vessels. Methods: in this retrospective study, we enrolled 141 male caucasian patients divided into 2 groups: the ccRCC group (n = 106) composed of patients with ccRCC and control group (n = 35). The ccRCC group was further divided into two subgroups: the ccRCCa subgroup which showed absence of collateral vessels (n = 48) and ccRCCp subgroup with collateral vessels (n = 58). Total adipose tissue (TAT) area, VAT area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area were measured in the groups and subgroups. VAT/SAT ratio was calculated for each subject. Results: Statistically significant differences were obtained between ccRCC group and control group for TAT area (p < 0.005), VAT area (p < 0.005) and SAT area (p = 0.01). Between ccRCCa subgroup and control group for TAT area (p < 0.001), VAT area (p = 0.005) and SAT area (p = 0.001). Between ccRCCp subgroup and control group for TAT area (p = 0.01) and VAT area (p = 0.01). Conclusion: This study confirms the increase of abdominal, especially visceral, adipose tissue in ccRCC patients and demonstrates a significant VAT accumulation in both categories of patients with and without peritumoral collateral vessels. Advances in knowledge: Visceral adiposity is present in patients with ccRCC regardless the presence of peritumoral collateral vessels, with surprisingly stronger results in the ccRCCa subgroup.

We investigated whether textural parameters of peritumoral breast adipose tissue (AT) based on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT could predict axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer. A total of 326 breast cancer patients with preoperative FDG PET/CT were retrospectively enrolled. PET/CT images were visually assessed and the maximum FDG uptake of axillary lymph nodes (LN SUVmax) was measured. From peritumoral breast AT, 38 textural features of PET imaging were extracted. The diagnostic ability of PET based on visual analysis, LN SUVmax, and textural features of peritumoral breast AT for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. Among the 38 peritumoral breast AT textural features, grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) entropy showed the highest AUC value (0.830) for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis. The value of GLCM entropy was higher than that of visual analysis (0.739; p < 0.05) and the AUC value was comparable to that of LN SUVmax (0.793; p > 0.05). In the subgroup analysis of patients with negative findings on visual analysis, GLCM entropy still showed a high diagnostic ability (AUC: 0.759) in predicting lymph node metastasis. The findings suggest a potential diagnostic role of PET/CT imaging features of peritumoral breast AT in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of peritumoral collateral vessels could be indicative of a high Fuhrman grade (e.g., III and IV) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Between November 2019 and February 2020, a total of 267 ccRCC patients with histology-proven diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed and screened. Imaging analysis was performed on computed tomography (CT) images to assess the presence of peritumoral collateral vessels and understand the potential association with high Fuhrman grades. These vessels are defined as dilated and macroscopically visible peritumoral renal capsular veins. Results: A total of 190 ccRCC patients were included in the study, considering the exclusion criteria. In patients with peritumoral collateral vessels, there was a statistically significant greater presence of ccRCC with a high Fuhrman grade both among the total cohort of patients regardless gender (n = 190) (p < 0.001) as well as among ccRCC male patients only (n = 127) (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Here, we show a novel association between peritumoral collateral vessels and ccRCC with high Fuhrman grades in male patients. The presence of peritumoral collateral vessels in perinephric adipose tissue can be indicative of more aggressive ccRCC.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting and sustaining cancer growth. Adipose tissue (AT), due to its anatomical distribution, is a prevalent component of TME, and contributes to cancer development and progression. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), reprogrammed by cancer stem cells (CSCs), drive cancer progression by releasing metabolites and inflammatory adipokines. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional crosstalk among CAAs, CSCs, and stromal cells. Moreover, we focus on the recent advances in the therapeutic targeting of adipocyte-released factors as an innovative strategy to counteract cancer progression.

Nelle ultime decadi, è andato delineandosi il concetto di organo adiposo, conferendo al tessuto adiposo una funzione endocrina attiva espletata mediante la secrezione di molteplici citochine e chemochine. Queste sembrano detenere infatti un ruolo chiave non solo nel mantenimento dell'omeostasi energetica ma anche nella patogenesi di malattie metaboliche ed infiammatorie e nella crescita e progressione di numerose neoplasie tra le quali il melanoma. In questo studio sperimentale preliminare abbiamo analizzato l'espressione, a livello del tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo peritumorale mediante qPCR, delle principali adipocitochine (Tumor Nescrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI1), Leptina (LEP), Insulin-like Growth factor 1 (IGF1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1) e C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8)) ritenute coinvolte, sulla base dei dati presenti in letteratura, nei processi di cancerogenesi e metastatizzazione. Lo studio è stato condotto prendendo in analisi una popolazione composta da pazienti affetti da melanoma, confrontando i dati ottenuti con l'espressione delle stesse citochine nel tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo in 2 gruppi controllo composti rispettivamente da nevi melanocitari e cisti epidemoidi. Abbiamo correlato i risultati ottenuti con i principali fattori prognostici di malattia per comprendere la loro espressione in relazione alla severità di patologia. Abbiamo osservato un aumento statisticamente significativo dell'espressione di PAI1, NAMPT, LEP e CXCL1 a livello del tessuto peritumorale dei campioni di melanoma rispetto ai gruppi controlli ed una correlazione degli stessi con lo stadio patologico di malattia ed in particolare con lo spessore di Breslow (il fattore prognostico più importante nella stadiazione patologica di melanoma). Il limite principale dello studio è rappresentato dal fatto che la popolazione risulta composta da un numero esiguo di pazienti. Studi su casistiche più ampie saranno necessari per confermare i risultati parziali ottenuti. Nel complesso, i risultati preliminari di questo lavoro evidenziano che la sovraespressione di alcune adipochine e chemochine in particolare PAI1, NAMPT, LEP e CXCL1 non solo a livello della lesione melanomatosa ma anche nel tessuto adiposo peritumorale può rappresentare un evento chiave nella crescita e soprattutto nell’aggressività locale della neoplasia e apre pertanto l'ipotesi di un ruolo oncogenico diretto di queste molecole e del tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo nella tumoregenesi del melanoma.
In the last decades, the concept of adipose organ has emerged, giving adipose tissue an active endocrine function carried out through the secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines having a key role not only in maintaining energy homeostasis but also in the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory diseases and in the growth and progression of numerous neoplasms including melanoma. In this preliminary experimental study, we analyzed the expression in the peritumor subcutaneous adipose tissue by qPCR of the most significant adipocytokines involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and metastasis such as Tumor Nescrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin- 6 (IL-6), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI1), Leptin (LEP), Insulin-like Growth factor 1 (IGF1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8) in a population of melanoma patients by comparing the data obtained with the expression of the same cytokines in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 2 control groups composed respectively of melanocytic nevi and epidemoid cysts. We correlated the results obtained with the main disease prognostic factors to understand their expression in relation to the severity of the disease. We observed a statistically significant increase in the expression of PAI1, NAMPT, LEP and CXCL1 at the level of the peritumor tissue of the melanoma samples compared to the control groups and a correlation of the same with the pathological stage of the disease and in particular with the Breslow thickness (the most important prognostic factor in the pathological staging of melanoma). The main limitation of the study is represented by the small cohort of patients. Studies on larger case series will be necessary to confirm the partial results obtained. Overall, the preliminary results of this study show that the overexpression of adipokines and chemokines in particular PAI1, NAMPT, LEP and CXCL1 not only at the level of the melanomatous lesion but also in the peritumoral adipose tissue, may represent a key event in growth and especially in the local aggressiveness of the neoplasm and therefore opens the hypothesis of a direct oncogenic role of these molecules and of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the tumorigenesis of melanoma.

A large body of evidences has contributed to establish a strict association between adipose tissue and cancer in the contest of metabolic disorders such as obesity. Epidemiological studies have shown that obese patients have a drastically higher risk to develop cancer. This tumor-promoting role in the context of obesity is thought to rely mainly on the aberrant systemic and paracrine release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by fat cells, which ultimately cooperate to boost cancer cell proliferation and metastatic dissemination. In addition, cancer associated adipocytes (CAAs) may contribute in tumor progression by providing a metabolic support to the aberrant bioenergetics demand of cancer cells. However, it still remains to be established whether a relevant pro-inflammatory effect might be exerted by peritumoral adipose tissue in non-obese patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastrointestinal cancers are responsible for more deaths than any other cancer in the body. As for other types of cancer, many studies have revealed the strong relationship between gastrointestinal neoplasms and systemic disorders of adipose tissue, such as obesity and diabetes, but almost nothing is known about the local interaction between gastrointestinal cancer cells and peritumoral adipocytes in non-obese/non-diabetic patients. In order to start bridge this gap we assess whether adipose tissue surrounding human gastrointestinal tumors might be altered in terms of adipocyte morphology and inflammatory infiltration. Specifically we compare peritumoral and non-peritumoral adipose tissue (visceral fat distant from tumor lesion) for the adipocyte size and morphology, cell count of lymphocytes (CD3 positive cells, CD3+) and macrophages (CD68 positive cells, CD68+). We found that peritumoral adipose tissue exhibit significantly reduced adipocyte size and increased number of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. Our results provide clinical evidences in support of the emerging notion that adipocytes at the tumor-stroma interface participate in a highly complex vicious cycle organized by cancer cells to promote tumor progression. Specifically our results suggest that peritumoral adipocytes might provide a significant contribution to enhance tumor burden by fueling cancer cell's metabolic demands and providing mitogenic signals via the paracrine release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.