Livres : « Perfusion computed tomography »

1

Kenneth, Miles, Eastwood James D et König Matthias, dir. Multidetector computed tomography in cerebrovascular disease : CT perfusion imaging. Abingdon, Oxon : Informa Healthcare, 2007.

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2

Miles, Kenneth. Multi-Detector Computed Tomography in Oncology : CT Perfusion Imaging. New York : Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2007.

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3

1958-, Pennell Dudley J., dir. Thallium myocardial perfusion tomography in clinical cardiology. London : Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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4

Miles, Kenneth, James D. Eastwood et Matthias Konig. Multidetector Computed Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease : CT Perfusion Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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5

Miles, Kenneth, James D. Eastwood et Matthias Konig. Multidetector Computed Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease : CT Perfusion Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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6

(Editor), Kenneth Miles, James D. Eastwood (Editor) et Matthias Konig (Editor), dir. Multidetector Computed Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease : CT Perfusion Imaging. Informa Healthcare, 2007.

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7

(Editor), Kenneth Miles, C. Charnsangavej (Editor) et C. Cuenod (Editor), dir. Multi-Detector Computed Tomography in Oncology : CT Perfusion Imaging. Informa Healthcare, 2007.

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8

Miles, Kenneth, C. Charnsangavej et C. Cuenod. Multi-Detector Computed Tomography in Oncology : CT Perfusion Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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9

de Graaf, Michiel A., Arthur JHA Scholte, Lucia Kroft et Jeroen J. Bax. Computed tomography angiography and other applications of computed tomography. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0022.

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Patients presenting with acute chest pain constitute a common and important diagnostic challenge. This has increased interest in using computed tomography for non-invasive visualization of coronary artery disease in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department; particularly the subset of patients who are suspected of having an acute coronary syndrome, but without typical electrocardiographic changes and with normal troponin levels at presentation. As a result of rapid developments in coronary computed tomography angiography technology, high diagnostic accuracies for excluding coronary artery disease can be obtained. It has been shown that these patients can be discharged safely. The accuracy for detecting a significant coronary artery stenosis is also high, but the presence of coronary artery atherosclerosis or stenosis does not imply necessarily that the cause of the chest pain is related to coronary artery disease. Moreover, the non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease by computed tomography has been shown to be related with an increased use of subsequent invasive coronary angiography and revascularization, and further studies are needed to define which patients benefit from invasive evaluation following coronary computed tomography angiography. Conversely, the implementation of coronary computed tomography angiography can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay, with a significant cost reduction. Additionally, computed tomography is an excellent modality in patients whose symptoms suggest other causes of acute chest pain such as aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, the acquisition of the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and pulmonary arteries in a single computed tomography examination is feasible, allowing ‘triple rule-out’ (exclusion of aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, and coronary artery disease). Finally, other applications, such as the evaluation of coronary artery plaque composition, myocardial function and perfusion, or fractional flow reserve, are currently being developed and may also become valuable in the setting of acute chest pain in the future.

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10

de Graaf, Michiel A., Arthur JHA Scholte, Lucia Kroft et Jeroen J. Bax. Computed tomography angiography and other applications of computed tomography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0022_update_001.

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Patients presenting with acute chest pain constitute a common and important diagnostic challenge. This has increased interest in using computed tomography for non-invasive visualization of coronary artery disease in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department; particularly the subset of patients who are suspected of having an acute coronary syndrome, but without typical electrocardiographic changes and with normal troponin levels at presentation. As a result of rapid developments in coronary computed tomography angiography technology, high diagnostic accuracies for excluding coronary artery disease can be obtained. It has been shown that these patients can be discharged safely. The accuracy for detecting a significant coronary artery stenosis is also high, but the presence of coronary artery atherosclerosis or stenosis does not imply necessarily that the cause of the chest pain is related to coronary artery disease. Moreover, the non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease by computed tomography has been shown to be related with an increased use of subsequent invasive coronary angiography and revascularization, and further studies are needed to define which patients benefit from invasive evaluation following coronary computed tomography angiography. Conversely, the implementation of coronary computed tomography angiography can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay, with a significant cost reduction. Additionally, computed tomography is an excellent modality in patients whose symptoms suggest other causes of acute chest pain such as aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, the acquisition of the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and pulmonary arteries in a single computed tomography examination is feasible, allowing ‘triple rule-out’ (exclusion of aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, and coronary artery disease). Finally, other applications, such as the evaluation of coronary artery plaque composition, myocardial function and perfusion, or fractional flow reserve, are currently being developed and may also become valuable in the setting of acute chest pain in the future.

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11

de Graaf, Michiel A., Arthur JHA Scholte, Lucia Kroft et Jeroen J. Bax. Computed tomography angiography and other applications of computed tomography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0022_update_002.

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Patients presenting with acute chest pain constitute a common and important diagnostic challenge. This has increased interest in using computed tomography for non-invasive visualization of coronary artery disease in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department; particularly the subset of patients who are suspected of having an acute coronary syndrome, but without typical electrocardiographic changes and with normal troponin levels at presentation. As a result of rapid developments in coronary computed tomography angiography technology, high diagnostic accuracies for excluding coronary artery disease can be obtained. It has been shown that these patients can be discharged safely. The accuracy for detecting a significant coronary artery stenosis is also high, but the presence of coronary artery atherosclerosis or stenosis does not imply necessarily that the cause of the chest pain is related to coronary artery disease. Moreover, the non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease by computed tomography has been shown to be related with an increased use of subsequent invasive coronary angiography and revascularization, and further studies are needed to define which patients benefit from invasive evaluation following coronary computed tomography angiography. Conversely, the implementation of coronary computed tomography angiography can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay, with a significant cost reduction. Additionally, computed tomography is an excellent modality in patients whose symptoms suggest other causes of acute chest pain such as aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, the acquisition of the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and pulmonary arteries in a single computed tomography examination is feasible, allowing ‘triple rule-out’ (exclusion of aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, and coronary artery disease). Finally, other applications, such as the evaluation of coronary artery plaque composition, myocardial function and perfusion, or fractional flow reserve, are currently being developed and may also become valuable in the setting of acute chest pain in the future.

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12

de Graaf, Michiel A., Arthur JHA Scholte, Lucia Kroft et Jeroen J. Bax. Computed tomography angiography and other applications of computed tomography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0022_update_003.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Patients presenting with acute chest pain constitute a common and important diagnostic challenge. This has increased interest in using computed tomography for non-invasive visualization of coronary artery disease in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department; particularly the subset of patients who are suspected of having an acute coronary syndrome, but without typical electrocardiographic changes and with normal troponin levels at presentation. As a result of rapid developments in coronary computed tomography angiography technology, high diagnostic accuracies for excluding coronary artery disease can be obtained. It has been shown that these patients can be discharged safely. The accuracy for detecting a significant coronary artery stenosis is also high, but the presence of coronary artery atherosclerosis or stenosis does not imply necessarily that the cause of the chest pain is related to coronary artery disease. Moreover, the non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease by computed tomography has been shown to be related with an increased use of subsequent invasive coronary angiography and revascularization, and further studies are needed to define which patients benefit from invasive evaluation following coronary computed tomography angiography. Conversely, the implementation of coronary computed tomography angiography can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay, with a significant cost reduction. Additionally, computed tomography is an excellent modality in patients whose symptoms suggest other causes of acute chest pain such as aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, the acquisition of the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and pulmonary arteries in a single computed tomography examination is feasible, allowing ‘triple rule-out’ (exclusion of aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, and coronary artery disease). Finally, other applications, such as the evaluation of coronary artery plaque composition, myocardial function and perfusion, or fractional flow reserve, are currently being developed and may also become valuable in the setting of acute chest pain in the future.

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13

Cardiac positron emission tomography : Viability, perfusion, receptors, and cardiomyopathy. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

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14

Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam et Andrew Kelion. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy : image interpretation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on image interpretation in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. It covers planar acquisitions, the general approach to reporting single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images, and both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tomographic slices. Detail is also provided on gated SPECT and attenuation correction, as well as a range of artefacts including image, instrumentation-related, and patient-related artefacts. Information is provided on abnormal appearances in coronary artery disease, perfusion defects, and indirect markers of severe coronary artery disease. The chapter also covers interpretation in left ventricular dysfunction and appearances in non-coronary cardiac disease, and includes a section on writing a useful report.

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15

E.E. van der Wall (Editor), P. K. Blanksma (Editor), M. G. Niemeyer (Editor) et A. M. Paans (Editor), dir. Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography : Viability, Perfusion, Receptors and Cardiomyopathy (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine). Springer, 1995.

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16

Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam et Andrew Kelion. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0012.

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As in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) involves the injection of a radiopharmaceutical, the physiological properties of which determine its distribution within the patient. The labelling radionuclide then allows this distribution to be imaged. The value of cardiac PET as a routine clinical tool, particularly for perfusion imaging, was previously limited by the expense and scarcity of cameras and the short half-lives of the radionuclides with complex radiochemistry. The need for an on-site cyclotron to produce these radiopharmaceuticals made a clinical service non-viable. A number of recent developments, however, have led to renewed interest in cardiac PET. This chapter covers PET instrumentation, detail on the radiopharmaceuticals used in cardiac PET, and a number of sections on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET covering infection and inflammation imaging.

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17

Dr. Roland Bammer Ph.D. MR and CT Perfusion and Pharmacokinetic Imaging : Clinical Applications and Theoretical Principles. LWW, 2016.

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18

Rishniw, Mark. Utility of color-coded ultrafast computed tomography to detect graded changes in regional coronary blood flow in dogs. 1994.

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19

Gaddam, Samson Sujit Kumar, et Claudia S. Robertson. Cerebral blood flow and perfusion monitoring in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0222.

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Prevention of secondary cerebral ischaemic insults is an important management strategy in acute neurological conditions. Monitoring of cerebral perfusion may aid in early identification of ischaemic insults and help with management. A number of tools are available for this purpose. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the simplest assessment of cerebral perfusion, but in some cases ischaemia can be present even with a normal CPP. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging, either with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging techniques, can provide quantitative regional CBF measurement, but only at a single instance in time. Such studies are valuable in the diagnosis of ischaemia, but are difficult for the management of critically-ill patients. CBF can also be measured within the intensive care unit (ICU), either directly or indirectly through the measurement of cerebral oxygenation. These monitors provide a more continuous measure of CBF, and are more useful in assessing response to treatment. Some of the ICU tools monitor global perfusion and some assess perfusion only in a local area of brain surrounding the monitor. With local monitors, the location of the probe is important for interpretation of the findings.

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20

DePuey, E. Gordon. Image Artifacts. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0008.

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Artifacts and normal variants are a significant source of false-positive interpretations of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This chapter discusses how, by anticipating and recognizing such findings, the astute technologist and interpreting physician can increase test specificity in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and avoid unnecessary catheterization of normal patients.

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21

Garcia, Ernest V., James R. Galt et Ji Chen. SPECT and PET Instrumentation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0003.

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Nuclear cardiac imaging is solidly based on many branches of science and engineering, including nuclear, optical and mathematical physics, electrical and mechanical engineering, chemistry and biology. This chapter uses principles from these scientific fields to provide an understanding of both the signals used, and the imaging system that captures these signals. Nuclear cardiology’s signals are the x-rays or ?-rays photons emitted from a radioactive tracer and its imaging systems are either single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) cameras. This combination has met with remarkable success in clinical cardiology. This success is due to the combination of sophisticated electronic nuclear instruments with a highly specific and thus powerful signal. The signal is as important as or more important than the imaging system. There is a misconception that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and echocardiography are superior to nuclear cardiology imaging because of their superior spatial resolution. Yet, in detecting perfusion defects what is really necessary is superior contrast resolution. It is this superior contrast resolution that allows us to differentiate between normal and hypoperfused myocardium facilitating the visual analysis of nuclear cardiology perfusion images. Because these objects are bright compared to the background radioactivity, computer algorithms have been developed that allow us to automatically and objectively process and quantify our images. This chapter explains many of the important scientific principles necessary to understand nuclear cardiology imaging in general, i.e., how these sophisticated imaging systems detect the radiation emitted from the radiotracers.

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22

Gimelli, Alessia, et Riccardo Liga. Basic principles and technological state of the art : SPECT. Sous la direction de Philipp Kaufmann. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0119.

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Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

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23

Botvinick, Elias H. Nuclear Med Self-Study III : Cardiology Topic 5 : Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy- Technical Aspects (Nuclear Medicine Self-Study Program III). Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2001.

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24

Kidwell, Chelsea S., et Kambiz Nael. Neuroimaging of Acute Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0102.

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The neuroimaging workup for patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke has advanced significantly over the past few decades. Evaluation is no longer limited to noncontrast computed tomography (CT), but now frequently also includes vascular and perfusion imaging. Although acute stroke imaging has made significant progress with the development of multimodal approaches, there are still many unanswered questions regarding their appropriate use in daily patient care. It is important for all physicians taking care of stroke patients to be familiar with current multimodal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, including their strengths, limitations, and their role in guiding therapy.

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25

Lee, Christoph I. CT Angiography versus V/Q Scans to Rule Out Pulmonary Embolism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0018.

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This chapter, found in the chest pain section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study comparing the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scans for ruling out pulmonary embolism. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. The researchers report that a strategy to rule out pulmonary embolism and anticoagulation therapy using the methods in the study resulted in low, similar rates of venous thromboembolic events at 3 months follow-up; however, more patients were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism in the CTA arm of the study. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the study, a clinical vignette and imaging example are included in order to provide relevant clinical context.

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Cuocolo, Alberto, et Emilia Zampella. Role of Imaging in Diabetes Mellitus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0018.

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Although there has been a marked decline in mortality due to coronary artery disease (CAD) in the overall population in the past three decades, reducing CAD mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has proven exceptionally difficult. Several epidemiological studies have shown that DM is associated with a marked increase in the risk of CAD. The symptoms are not a reliable means of identifying patients at higher risk considering that angina is threefold less common in DM than in non-DM. Noninvasive cardiac imaging, such as echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, can provide insight into different aspects of the disease process, from imaging at the cellular level to microvascular and endothelial dysfunction, autonomic neuropathy, coronary atherosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis with scar formation. In particular, stress myocardial perfusion imaging has taken a central role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of CAD in DM patients.

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27

Buechel, Ronny R., et Aju P. Pazhenkottil. Basic principles and technological state of the art : hybrid imaging. Sous la direction de Philipp Kaufmann. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0121.

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The core principle of hybrid imaging is based on the fact that it provides information beyond that achievable with either data set alone. This is attained through the combination and fusion of two datasets by which both modalities synergistically contribute to image information. Hybrid imaging is, thus, more powerful than the sum of its parts, yielding improved sensitivity and specificity. While datasets for integration may be obtained by a variety of imaging modalities, its merits are intuitively best exploited when combining anatomical and functional imaging, particularly in the setting of evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) as this combination allows a comprehensive assessment with regard to presence or absence of coronary atherosclerosis, the extent and severity of coronary plaques, and the haemodynamic relevance of stenosis. In clinical practice, the combination of CT coronary angiography (CCTA) with myocardial perfusion studies obtained by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and by positron emission tomography (PET) has been well established. Recent literature also reports on the feasibility of combining CCTA with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, recent advances in CCTA and SPECT imaging have led to a substantial reduction of radiation exposure, now allowing for comprehensive morphological and functional diagnostic work-up by cardiac hybrid SPECT/CCTA imaging at low radiation dose exposures ranging below 5 mSv.

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28

Kelion, Andrew, Parthiban Arumugam et Nikant Sabharwal. Nuclear Cardiology (Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Cardiology). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.001.0001.

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Readable, practical, and concise, the Oxford Specialist Handbook in Nuclear Cardiology is a self-contained guide to this cardiac imaging subspecialty. Including both technical and clinical aspects, it provides a foundation of essential knowledge common to practitioners from any background.This title covers radiation physics, biology and protection, and addresses all areas of imaging including the design and operation of the gamma camera (including solid-state cameras), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition and processing, and image interpretation and writing of reports. Stress testing and radiopharmaceuticals are explained in detail, as is the evidence base underpinning myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Newer radionuclide imaging techniques are well covered (e.g. phosphate scintigraphy in cardiac amyloidosis), as is the expanding field of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Fully updated with coverage of new indications for gamma camera imaging, increased focus on attenuation correction and SPECT-CT, and detail on the design use and clinical implications of solid-state gamma cameras throughout, this second edition of the essential text for nuclear cardiology trainees and practitioners is fully illustrated with colour plates to aid clinical practice. Presented in the bestselling Oxford Handbook format, Nuclear Cardiology provides core knowledge for those training in the subspecialty, whether at a basic or advanced level or from a medical or technical background, and is a key resource for those seeking to accredit in the subspecialty.

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29

Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam et Andrew Kelion. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy : clinical value. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0010.

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Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is most commonly used to diagnose or exclude obstructive coronary disease in patients presenting with chest pain. This chapter covers the value of MPS in this context, as well as providing detail on the guidelines which help the clinician choose what investigations are appropriate for the patient presenting with chest pain. It also details a number of considerations related to the use of MPS, such as its cost-effectiveness and the prognosis value in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease compared to exercise ECG, X-ray computed tomographic coronary angiography, and other imaging investigations. Risk assessment prior to elective non-cardiac surgery is covered, with detailed attention paid to the challenges of assessing coronary artery disease special groups including women and patients with diabetes or renal disease. This chapter also covers assessment in known stable coronary artery disease, predicting the value of coronary revascularization and hibernating myocardium.

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30

Rhodes, Jonathan K. J., et Peter J. D. Andrews. Intracranial pressure monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0223.

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Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement is an established monitoring modality in the ICU and can aid prognostication after acute brain injury. ICP monitoring is recommended in all patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and an abnormal cranial computed tomographic (CT) scan and the ability to control ICP is associated with improved outcome after TBI. The lessons from TBI studies can also be applied to other acute pathologies of the central nervous system where ICP can be increased. ICP measurement can warn of impending disaster and allow intervention. Furthermore, measurement of ICP allows the calculation of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and maintenance of CPP may help to ensure adequate cerebral oxygen delivery. Various systems exist to monitor ICP. A recent trial in two South American countries suggested that ICP-guided management and management guided by clinical examination and repeated imaging produced equivalent outcomes. Although this trial currently provides the best evidence regarding the impact of monitoring ICP on outcome following TBI, but because of the inadequate power and questionable external validity, the generalizability of the results remain to be confirmed.

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