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1
Ahmad-Latiffi, Aryani. « Performance measurement for construction businesses ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9489.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Measurement of performance is important to the construction sector as an additional way of improving and sustaining competitiveness in the long-term. Most large construction organisations in the United Kingdom (UK) practise performance measurement because they believe it affects their business positively in the longer-term. Performance measurement is thus, recognised as an important way of keeping an organisation on track in achieving its strategic objectives. However, there are still construction organisations that believe performance measurement does not aid in creating and developing appropriate strategies for their organisations, but helps organisations in identifying areas where they did or did not perform well. The improvements in performance thus, can only be brought about through step-by-step strategic guidance to organisations to achieve their performance targets. The first step towards achieving these targets comprises the following: understand the performance measurement process of organisations, and identify the appropriate criteria that need to be measured to improve business; identify strengths and opportunities, which in turn can create a way to maximise profits for an organisation. Such an approach would help organisations target relevant performance measurements and embed them in their organisational strategy in a structured step-by-step manner. Premised on the foregoing, this research project aims to investigate potential tools for improving performance measurement practices in the construction industry. In addition, this research aims to assist organisations in implementing performance measurement in a proper manner and to help them understand the performance measurement process. The first step (objective 1) of this research is to review the generic body of literature in performance measurement to understand key concepts, definitions and existing practices and identify commonly used performance measurement tools. It is noted that there are several definitions of performance measurement. However, at its basic level, performance measurement is a process of determining how successful organisations or individuals have been in attaining their objectives and strategies. To achieve this, the outputs of an organisation's strategic and operational processes are measured in a quantifiable form; the results are used to monitor closely the performance of the organisation, internally and externally. Findings of the review (and later those of objectives 2 and 3) reveal that the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model are the two most widely known and used tools, in all sectors including construction, to measure an organisation s performance. Semi-structured interviews (objectives 2 and 3) were conducted with performance measurement directors and managers in large UK construction companies. The interviews revealed that performance measurement is being practised in organisations directly or indirectly to help improve businesses and profits. The purpose of interviews was to seek the organisations views on how they approach and conduct performance measurement and derive benefits from it. All organisations agreed that the financial aspects such as profit margins and growth, as well as non-financial aspects such as health and safety and customer satisfaction are important criteria to be measured. Both financial and non-financial criteria need to be considered and included in an organisation's strategy; they are important considerations for any future strategy development. Findings of the interviews and the literature review suggest the best way to create an organisation's strategy as the following: understand the performance measurement process of organisations and identify the appropriate criteria, which need to be measured to improve business; identify strengths and opportunities, which in turn can create a way to maximise profits for an organisation. This led to the development of a Framework (also called the Performance Measurement Migration Path) (objective 4), which would help organisations target relevant performance measurements and embed them in their organisational strategy in a structured step-by-step manner. Its implementation in organisations can make performance measurement processes easy and smooth. Evaluation (objective 5) of the framework confirms its suitability and acceptability to industry players for the use in improving the implementation of performance measurement.
2
Pärsdotter, Anna, et Jessica Szymasek. « Measuring logistics performance in construction ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Detta examensarbete är en fallstudie av Servistik AB som idag önskar vidareutveckla sitt mätrelaterade arbete. Detta för att internt kunna påvisa att de aktiviteter man uträttar görs på ett effektivt sätt, men också för att kunna påvisa att dessa aktiviteter skapar värde för kunden. Syftet med studien är att identifiera mått relevanta för Servistik ABs bygglogistikverksamhet. Måtten representerar en kvalitativ beskrivning av de mätområden som önskas följas upp. Varje mått kvantifieras genom ett fåtal nyckeltal. Utifrån dessa mått och nyckeltal har en kravspecifikation framställts som specificerar hur dessa mått beräknas, vilken indata som behövs, var i processen denna återfinns samt hur ofta dessa bör beräknas. Under studien har både en litteraturstudie samt en empirisk studie på Servistik AB genomförts för att identifiera relevanta mått. Av de identifierade måtten har 14 valts ut av en fokusgrupp, genomförd på Servistik AB, som särskilt relevanta för Servistik AB. Dessa mått, med tillhörande information, presenteras i den framtagna kravspecifikationen.
3
Lim, Bobby Ting Chuan. « Causal modelling construction project performance ». Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1011.
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4
Garnett, Naomi A. « Changing construction performance using lean construction : an action research approach ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394430.
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5
Ferguson, A. J. L. « Dilution refrigerator : Design, construction and performance ». Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378638.
Texte intégral
6
Emuze, Fidelis Abumere. « Performance improvement in South African construction ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1642.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In general, dreams are conceived, ideas are conceptualised, and initiatives are embarked upon in order to alter the state of realities. Dreams change realities; when mechanisms are put in place to realise them, dreams succeed. However, anecdotal evidence as well as empirical findings has continued to reiterate the difficulties associated with realising dreams related to construction projects. Extending the „dream‟ analogy to the South African construction industry context therefore paints an uninspiring picture. Dreams associated with construction do not have a 100% chance of becoming realities as evident in reported poor project performance in the industry. Shattered dreams in the form of poor performing projects, poorly implemented construction processes, or worst, projects delivered at the expense of unexpected cost to the client as a direct result of poor H&S or time overruns, negate the intent of dreams. This thesis is primarily concerned with project performance related bottlenecks in South African construction. After an extensive review of related literature that entails the analysis of publications related to non-value adding activities (NVAAs), supply chain management (SCM), and system dynamics (SD) in the construction project management realm, an exhaustive mixed-mode quantitative survey was conducted among key participants in the South African infrastructure sector. Public sector clients, consulting engineers and contractors that were involved in civil engineering projects were surveyed repeatedly with approximately five survey instruments at convenient intervals. Results arising from the study, inter-alia, indicate that: an appreciable amount of NVAAs occur in South African construction; these NVAAs become further compounded when propagated into other value adding activities (VAAs) in the construction process; the identified NVAAs equally perpetrate the menace associated with poor performance to the detriment of the achievement of cost, H&S, quality, and time project targets, and the root cause of these NVAAs that often contribute to poor performance is not far from the much reported „shortage of skills‟ in South Africa. Notable contributions to the body of knowledge include SD models are extendable regardless of the source of their empirical data as evident in the qualitative models proposed in this study; within the SD domain, it is advisable to consider the „competence‟ of individuals assigned to tasks especially in a developing country as this study revealed that human resources issues predominate among the sources of NVAAs that eventuate in a range of poor project performance; the NVAAs that occur, and their causes on projects are perceived to be due to lapses and / or inadequacies that involved the entire construction supply chain; there is no single construction process / task that is immune from being affected by NVAAs; and within the South African, and by implication construction context generally iii in developing countries, the adequacy of required knowledge among project stakeholders is the most crucial determinant of project performance. As opposed to what is obtainable in developed countries, the construction industry in developing countries, particularly in South Africa, should take advantage of knowledge management (KM) techniques such as brainstorming, communities of practices, and face-to-face interactions. These techniques can be driven through appropriate mentorship programmes, industry focused built environment education, and other human resources driven avenues that do not necessarily require substantial investment in technologies, so that to a large extent organisations in the industry can prioritise KM, and thereafter, continually engage in it for future performance improvement. Using inferential statistical methods for hypotheses testing, and SD concepts for creating qualitative models led to a range of recommendations which, inter-alia, propose that halting the tide of NVAAs and poor performance requires the management of both tacit and explicit knowledge gained in construction; and most importantly, it requires the assurance that „competence‟ is the overriding criteria for selecting project partners, and also, for assigning either design or construction related activities to responsible parties involved in project realisation in South Africa. In effect, in order to engender a culture of continuous improvement in South African construction, other considerations should be subservient to „competence‟ in the construction supply chain. Competence must be located among everyone involved in project realisation, that is, enhancing the competence of all involved in project realisation is as good as ensuring performance improvement, which in turn, equates to the acceleration of project delivery in South Africa.
7
Li, Mingen. « Diagnosing construction performance by using causal models ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13627.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To date, most of the research that has addressed construction performance diagnosis has focused on identifying important factors having impact on construction performance and on establishing related performance models. The majority of the models were developed from a predictive perspective, not an explanatory one. The general goal of this research is to develop a construction performance diagnostic approach capable of assisting in identifying likely actual causes along with supporting evidence, and capturing and modeling experience-based diagnostic knowledge for current and future project use.
The diagnostic approach implemented is based on a holistic structured causal model based diagnostic process which is applicable to key project performance measures. The approach is comprised of three layers: 1. a performance measure layer to determine if there exists a performance deviation to explain; 2. a quantitative casual models layer that makes use of quantitative causal relationships to identify causal variable variances, and 3. a user-defined experience-based causal models layer that makes use of experience-based knowledge to help further explain reasons (causal factors) for the causal variable variances. The design of the diagnostic approach involves five connected components which include an integrated information platform that treats the heterogeneous data collected in support of different construction management functions, a component related to making use of quantitative causal models, two components related to an experience-based causal modeling approach that allows the flexible formulation, automatic selection and use of experience-based causal models to help further explain performance variances, and a component responsible for searching and reporting evidence with the guidance of the experience-based causal models.
A realistically-sized building project was used to demonstrate the workability of the diagnostic approach for time performance as the representative measure studied in this thesis. The incremental value of the approach compared with current diagnostic practice was demonstrated through an experiment involving individuals with knowledge of construction. The approach was also assessed in terms of some tests formulated to assess the fit of a diagnostic approach with the construction industry context, which is important if the research findings are to have any impact on practice.
8
Lohm, Isberg Maximilian, et David Olsson. « Analysis and performance measurement of construction logistics ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95236.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The construction industry is a business with an intense flow of both material and information that require well-functioning logistics in order to not suffer from unnecessarily high costs. Suppliers play a big part regarding the costs of the distribution and handling of material and due to this a construction project’s costs are affected a great deal by the suppliers’ actions. Spinnrocken is a construction project in the town center of Norrköping. The real estate company Fastighets AB L E Lundbergs is the client and the construction company Skanska is contracted as sole constructor for the project. Spinnrocken is planned to be finalized in the summer of 2014 and consists of several rental-apartments and some smaller businesses. Spinnrocken and its central location result in major logistic challenges, because of this Lundbergs and Skanska want to analyze and evaluate the project’s logistic performance. The main purpose of this thesis is to measure the order fulfillment of interior materials, the scaffold material Doka and windows at Spinnrocken by using the so-called perfect order fulfillment measure, as defined in Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Perfect order fulfillment indicates the delivery performance to the construction site.The combined perfect order fulfillment for the three investigated materials is 18 %. A perfect order fulfillment of 18 % means that only one out of five inspected deliveries to Spinnrocken was considered having no faults at all. The effects of a low perfect order fulfillment are disruptions in the short-term time schedule, delayed operations, additional work and that the work space at the construction site is occupied by unnecessary construction material. The resulting effects thereby affects the project’s economy negatively.
9
Mayer, Anthony Edward. « Composite construction of high performance scientific applications ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252520.
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10
Metlen, Tate. « LEED Construction and Performance Standards Mission Accomplishment ». Thesis, Old Dominion University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42451.
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CIVINS Capstone ReportCIVINS
The general focus of this project is on the current state of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building requirements and mission statement accomplishment. The report includes the background, requirements, and performance of LEED certified buildings, and identifies key issues with the current system. In particular, the report explores the failure of buildings construct to LEED standards to achieve the advertised energy savings. Solutions and avenues to implementation of the solutions are then offered.
11
Mahmoud, Salma Yahia Mohamed. « Use of performance indicators in UK construction ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417414.
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12
Takim, Roshana. « A framework for successful construction project performance ». Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413656.
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13
Frost, Matthew W. « The performance of pavement foundations during construction ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11152.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is an impetus in the UK to move away from empirical pavement foundation design and the current method specification, towards an analytical design approach. For an analytical design approach to be adopted, the required performance properties of stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation of the foundation materials (sub grade and capping) need to be measured, both in the laboratory for design and in the field in order to ensure compliance. This thesis studies the influence of the sub grade on the constructability and performance of a series of full-scale pavement foundations. This has been achieved by measuring the performance parameters of several sub grade materials in the laboratory, using repeated load triaxial testing. These data have been compared to comparable data collected in situ using dynamic stiffness measuring devices during the construction of trial pavement foundations. The performance of the trial foundations has been measured during the placement and compaction of the different foundation materials, and again after their subsequent trafficking. The testing demonstrates the stress dependency of the foundation materials. The laboratory testing shows that the sub grade permanent deformation under cyclic loading (used to simulate construction operations) becomes unstable at a deviator stress of half the deviator stress at failure (0.5qmax)· The stiffness at this applied stress and above is shown to be approaching a consistent value. This indicates that large changes in the stiffness of inversely stress dependent fine grained soils occur below the deviator stress at which the permanent deformation becomes unstable. Significant variability of data has been found in the performance parameters measured (both in the laboratory and in the field) for samples of subgrade collected from small areas of the same site. However comparable patterns of stress dependency have been observed between measured laboratory and field performance using the different apparatus. The resistance to permanent deformation is shown to be a more critical design load case for construction than the need for adequate stiffness of support required to compact the foundation layers. The performance of a composite road foundation is shown to be material and site specific, and this will have important implications for design and site compliance testing.
14
Palomeque, Carlos. « Real-Time Visualization of Construction Equipment Performance ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110903.
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This thesis is a proof-of-concept project that aims at modify and reuse existing communication protocols of wireless vehicle to vehicle communication in order to build a prototype of a real time graphical application that runs in an embedded environment. The application is a 2D visualization of the flow of material at a quarry and is built on top of existing communication protocols that enable wireless vehicle to vehicle communication according to the 802.11p standard for intelligent transport solutions. These communication protocols have already been used within the Volvo group in other research rojects, but not in a context of a real-time graphical 2D visualization. The application runs on an ALIX embedded motherboard and combined with the necessary hardware represent one node that makes the communication network. The visualization monitors the position of every active node in the network and the flow of material between material locations and crusher that process the material at the quarry. The visualization is implemented in C/C++ using Qt 4.6.2 Graphics View framework.
15
Isik, Zeynep. « A Conceptual Performance Measurement Framework For Construction Industry ». Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611240/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The performance assessment done by objective measures have now been replaced with subjective measures. Within the context of this researchinterdependencies between a construction company&rsquo
s &ldquo
resources and capabilities&rdquo
, &ldquo
project management capabilities&rdquo
, &ldquo
strategic decisions&rdquo
, &ldquo
strength of relationships with other parties&rdquo
and &ldquo
external factors&rdquo
with &ldquo
project performance&rdquo
and &ldquo
company performance&rdquo
were investigated from a resource based perspective which put forward intangible assets of the company. To achieve the objectives, a questionnaire survey was administered to 73 Turkish contractors and the data obtained from 354 projects that were held during the last five years were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). It was hypothesized in this study that construction company performance is influenced by the resources and capabilities within the company, the long-term and short-term strategies adopted by the company, the strength of the relationships of the company with other parties involved in construction projects, external factors and project management competencies. A structural equation model was set up to measure the seven latent variables through their constituent variables and to see if the hypothesized relationships exist. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that, this research has introduced a method to measure performance both in subjective (qualitative) and the objective (quantitative) terms. The strong path coefficients between the constructs of the model are an indication that, after decades in pursuit of finding ways to improve the performance of construction companies, subjective dimensions of performance have proven to be as effective as the traditional objective dimensions.
16
Bello, W. « Project performance diagnostics : a model for assessing construction project performance in Nigeria ». Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44793/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Construction Projects are notorious for demonstrating poor performance and under achievement as usually indicated by project objectives. Project managers in the construction industry are faced with many research suggestions in literatures to improve performance but there are confusion in the implementation of these recommendations. These could be attributed to dearth of literatures that comprehensively treat critical success factors; CSFs as drivers of key performance indicators; KPIs for assessing construction project performance. KPIs are measure of indication of the workings of CSFs for project performance thus, both are present on projects and useful in exploring the underlying dynamic structure of complexity inherent in construction projects. The study determine CSFs for KPIs of cost, time, quality and health/safety which were used to develop a dynamic Project Performance Diagnostic Model which gives feedback for improved decision making in the context of diagnosing project performance in the Nigeria construction industry. This research tends not to discard the positivism or interpretivism philosophical stance by being pragmatic. Pragmatism argues that the most important determinant of epistemology, ontology and axiology adopted on research is determined by appropriately answering particular research question thus, this research adopted the pragmatism philosophy. The research process involves different phases with quantitative-qualitative research technique corresponding to the two respective ends of the positivist-constructivist paradigm continuum. The data for this research were collected through interviews of focus expert group and survey questionnaire in a form of data generation triangulation. Results of the qualitative aspect were used to develop a questionnaire, which was analysed using statistical techniques including factor analyses. The CSFs of KPIs so analysed were used to develop PPDM system dynamic based model to simulate the interplay and effects of different CSF components for aiding decision making of project managers. The research suggests that Cost as a key performance indicator has the most overriding impact on construction project performance with three components. The three dimensions to Cost performance indicator are Contractor’s Management Capacity, Client’s Commitment to Progress of Project, and Economic Environment of Project Estimate. Time performance indicator would impact performance in four different dimensions identified as Design Team Commitment to Project Management Outcomes, Capacity of Contractor for Project Management, Construction Resource Management, and External Factors. Quality performance indicator discovered three-component dimensions labelled Project Communication Management with Design and Workforce, Contractor Capacity for Resource Management on Quality Objective, and Project Manager’s Competence on Information Coordination and Construction Method. There are two dimensions that impact Health and Safety performance indicator which are Effective Finance of Site Management for Health Safety Implementation and Capacity of Contractor for Project Management and Safety Programme. These different components of KPIs were used for the development of a dynamic Project Performance Diagnostic Model. The study emphasized the importance of contractor to cost performance and the design team commitment to time performance with the underlying relationship of the CSFs in predicting the KPIs.
17
Johansson, Tim. « PERFORMANCE VISUALIZATION OF URBAN SYSTEMS ». Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61788.
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The planning, construction, management and use of our built environment are affected by diverse social, economic and environmental factors. Sustainable urban development is dependent on the understanding of the complex relations between the built environment, the social activities that take place over time and the interaction with the natural environment. The challenge to understand urban systems on both the local and global scale has inspired researchers and national agencies to develop sustainability indicators to support the planning, construction, management and use of the built environment. Access to open data of our built environment in national, regional and local databases opens new possibilities to generate models of our urban systems to facilitate visualization and analysis of indicators in order to enhance awareness of sustainability dimensions. Here spatial Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) technologies can be used in combination with Geographic Information system GIS to manage data sets from multiple sources in different formats. The purpose of this research is to investigate how spatial ETL technologies can be used to develop models in order to analyse and visualize the performance of urban systems. The applied method is grounded in system development and based on an abductive research approach that was repeated in six studies. Three of the studies deal with the relocation of Kiruna where models of the city was created and used to investigate the impact of mining subsidence on energy supply, infrastructure and buildings. The fourth case investigates the selection of insulation material on the embedded energy in a passive house in Kiruna. In the fifth case an urban model of the twin towns Malmberget/Gällivare was created to explore and relate data on attitudes from a survey to public data on population, infrastructure and built environment. The final case is the development of an energy atlas containing 90% of the multifamily building stock in Sweden. The atlas combines the energy performance and renovation status of multifamily buildings with public data of ownership, income of residents etc. for individual buildings in 3D models or aggregated on spatial scales ranging from 250x250 m squares through district and municipality to county areas in Sweden. The result shows that multiple sources in different formats, both standardized and non-standardized, can be utilized in the extraction of information for the purpose of developing urban performance models. The Swedish high-resolution LiDAR digital height model together property information makes it possible to represent the built environment by extruded footprints to give a 3D representation of all urban areas in Sweden (Level-Of-Detail 1). In combination with performance data (e.g. energy use, renovation status or result from surveys) urban performance GIS models can be created and visualized in applications (such as Google Earth, 3D pdf) to support decision-making on both individual and institutional level. The automation of the process to develop performance models offers a method for customizing information deliveries on the fly using original data sources according to defined requirements. The flexibility and customization are kept in the process rather than in the delivered model. This makes it easier to keep the performance model up to date. For the management of large performance models, e.g. the example of the national energy atlas, a staging phase was added in the automation process, in order to reduce the processing time.
18
Lee, Fook-pui Billy. « Partnering : enhances project performance / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950198.
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19
Ozorhon, Beliz. « Modeling The Performance Of International Construction Joint Ventures ». Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608945/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
International joint ventures (IJVs) have become popular because of their importance as a strategic alternative in global competition. Construction companies consider IJVs as a vehicle to enter new markets and exploit business opportunities. Being a special type of strategic alliance, IJVs offer partnering companies to combine the distinctive competencies and the complementary resources. Despite the benefits associated with IJVs, such entities are very difficult to manage mainly due to their inherent complexity, involving a mixture of different cultures, managerial systems, philosophies, and attitudes. As a result of these difficulties, the failure rate of IJVs is generally high. Therefore, measurement of the performance of IJVs has been an important research topic for a few decades. However there is no consensus on an appropriate definition of the indicators and determinants of IJV performance in construction.
In this study, a framework is proposed to model the IJV performance in construction industry. A multi-dimensional performance measure is developed and determinants influencing the level of performance are defined. In this context, a questionnaire survey was administered to Turkish construction companies that have established IJVs with foreign partners. The validity of the proposed drivers and measures of performance is investigated and relationships between them are analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique.
The results point out the significance of the inter-partner fit and the quality of partner relations for a successful IJV operation. The findings of the study also suggest that project-related factors have a moderate influence on IJV performance. In a properly designed IJV structure, partners with compatible skills, resources, and cultures are found to maintain good relations and are expected to achieve greater IJV success.
20
Dickie, Jocelyn E. « Factors affecting the performance of brick veneer construction ». Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211387249/.
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21
Vuppala, Srilekha. « Methodology for VHDL performance model construction and validation ». Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063326/.
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22
Adetunji, Israel O. « Sustainable construction : a web-based performance assessment tool ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/2302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The quest towards sustainable development, both nationally and globally, puts the construction industry in the foreground as the main consumer of natural resources. The industry has profound economic, social and environmental impacts. Sustainable construction is one of the most important challenges faced by the construction industry today. In the UK, sustainability is being driven and enforced by the government through stringent fiscal policies and regulations, voluntary initiatives combined with naming and shaming strategies. Stakeholders are becoming more aware of the global challenges and are using their power to exert pressure on companies. Increasingly, construction clients are demanding that their business partners submit: their corporate sustainability policies with tender packages to demonstrate their performance in dealing with opportunities and risks stemming from economic, environmental and social aspect of sustainability. However, the lack of understanding of the concept and its practical application has been a recurrent problem. The conceptual confusion; its vagueness and ambiguity, the complexity of the myriad of challenges and fluidity of the sustainability concept, compounded with the myopic attitude of the industry, lack of clear-cut and practical framework are causing frustration in the construction industry. Consequently, a number of sustainability management frameworks have been proposed. There are probably more than one hundred frameworks for sustainable business strategy. However, the majority of these are either complicated to implement or lack sound theoretical base, effective change management and completeness. These, therefore, do not make the situation any easier. Many are still baffled as to what they should do and how they should go about affecting change. Corporate sustainability in the construction industry is a challenge to many companies. The industry is still under-performing in each of the key themes of sustainable construction and this has lead to a 'blame culture' where each sector of the industry allocates responsibility for its current failings to others (CIRIA C563, 2001). Such a situation poses a need for a comprehensive, practical and easy to use tool that would aid the implementation and management of sustainability at the core of business process. The tool will complement the existing frameworks, which breaks down the strategic and management issues into manageable components. This will enable companies to focus on individual areas and identify actions needed to facilitate change. The problem is that such a tool is virtually non-existent. The main focal point of this research is the development of a tool to facilitate the implementation, management and integration of sustainability issues at the strategic level and promote wider uptake of the concept in the construction industry. This requires a thorough understanding of the concepts of sustainable development, sustainable construction and related issues as well as drivers, benefits, barriers and enablers for achieving corporate sustainability. It also demands an examination of existing management frameworks and collation of case studies from the early adopters to establish critical factors for strategic and management issues involved in achieving corporate sustainability. Through, diverse research epistemologies (quantitative, qualitative and triangulation methods), the research established four main critical factors and thirty-six sub-critical factors for achieving corporate sustainability. These factors underpinned the development of a web-based prototype software (ConPass). This thesis presents the development and evaluation ConPass Model and the prototype software.
23
Aeck, Richard Hull. « Free4orm framing : high-performance bending-active strip construction ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111548.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "February 2017."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 127-131).
This thesis re-thinks conventional light frame and panelized construction methodologies employed in residential and general medium-scale construction. To do so, it investigates the flexural geometry, the structural performance, and volumetric approaches to systematizing elastically bent developable strips. Many rapidly-renewable sheet materials exist or are near market, and the local availability of flatbed machining increases with each new makerspace. Thus, this thesis proposes using simple cutting and bending operations, site-applied attachments, and granulated insulation to produce permanent, freeform, stressed-skin formwork (which is herein branded "Free4orm" strip construction). Observing only partial engagement of medium-scale building applications, this project deploys elastic bending for design diversity by developing open, pre-cut, site-assembled systems for complex structural form. Initial contextual, typological, and geometric research exercises lead to an experimental installation (fiber-reinforced polymer rod and shrink-wrap), to material testing (plywood, bamboo, and phenolic paper), and then to creating computational dimensional analysis tools. Different methods of assembling (tiling, hinging, linking, networking, self-straining, wrapping, staggering etc.) and "unitizing" bending-active strips are developed, tested, and ultimately combined into a prototype, "bend-up, zip-up, iron-up," methodology. Numerical solvers and plug-ins (Strand7, Karamba, and Scan&Solve) are used for in-process analysis to inform conceptualization and to supplement theoretical predictions. Full-scale prototype "unitized, rapid-assembly" and "semiunitized, site-assembly" specimens are fabricated and experimentally loaded to evaluate theoretical stress predictions and preliminary detailing. In the closing design exercises and demonstrations, a single-module arch and a heliotropic canopy are presented. This project explores different possibilities for using flexure to create cost-aware dimensional variation in residential building systems in order to enable passive functional articulation and increase access to surface-active architecture.
by Richard Aeck.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
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Menoka, Bal. « Stakeholder engagement and sustainability-related project performance in construction ». Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4465/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stakeholders are considered to be one of the key drivers for any construction project. On the other hand, the performance of construction projects is primarily driven by sustainability-related targets. Hence, there is a need for a systematic approach to engage the stakeholders, as part of the Project Management process, to achieve the construction sustainability. This research focused on stakeholder engagement with the aim to improve the construction project performance through achieving construction sustainability. A framework is developed which integrates stakeholders with sustainability driven project performance. This research performs an empirical investigation through mixed-method research as the appropriate research technique. Data collection of this research is carried out in two stages. A series of semi structured interviews were carried out with 16 experienced UK construction professionals. Prior literature were used to design the interview questions about different issues related to the stakeholder engagement, construction sustainability and construction project performance. The aim of the interview is to investigate the current issues and practices of the construction projects are facing relating to engaging stakeholder to make the construction sustainable to improve the construction project performance. Some of the hypotheses are generated relating to the findings from the interviews and literature reviews. After analysing the interviews, a questionnaire is designed based on the findings from the interviews. Questionnaires were mailed to 500 UK construction companies and 233 (46 per cent) responses were received. The aim of this survey is to find out a structured and appropriate methodology to accomplish the requirements of making the construction sector more sustainable by improving its performance. Typically, questionnaires will be used to get the participants opinion in order to produce data to follow. These data will be used to test the hypothesis. These two approaches were adopted to align the participant’s opinions and beliefs and to develop jointly acceptable strategies with agreed long-term, sustainable solutions. Statistical Package for Social Science [SPSS] is selected and used to analyse the questionnaire responses. Correlation analysis revealed that the extent of the impact of stakeholder engagement to achieve the construction sustainability and improving the construction project performance. ANOVA revealed the variation of the perception of participant’s roles and companies’ strategic focuses towards the stakeholder’s engagement, construction sustainability and construction project performance. In essence, adhering to the various levels of implementation presented will ensure that construction sector can derive the maximum benefit from stakeholder engagement and that the decision-making process and the actions regarded as critical are taken into consideration. Based on the findings from the interview and questionnaire survey a conceptual framework is set out that underline the preparation and presentation of stakeholder engagement to improve the construction project performance through achieving construction sustainability. This derived framework demonstrates that such engagement can be valuable in anticipating the expectations of the different stakeholders from the projects, which may impact on behaviour. Finally, this research provides recommendations from both a theoretical and practical point of view to improve the stakeholder’s impact on construction sustainability and construction project performance.
25
Archibald, Paul. « Construction of, and performance on, the early drum kit ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29632.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For over one hundred years the drum kit has been a driving force in shaping popular music, yet in popular culture the kit is not taken as seriously as other instruments, with drummer jokes abound. This hierarchy is reflected across academia and music literature, where the drum kit is least discussed amongst other instruments commonly found in popular music. Looking within the context of early jazz—one of the first styles of music the drum kit helped shape—historians and publishers were keen to ensure leading horn players told their story, while the drummers, who rarely secured similar levels of fame or recognition, had comparatively little chance to record their story. Detailed histories of the instrument are therefore scarce, incomplete, or riddled with inaccuracies and misunderstandings. This thesis presents a clear and detailed history of the instrument, from its beginnings to its early form in the mid 1930s. I then examine how the early drum kit was represented at the time through recordings, one of the most important methods of documenting how this instrument was used. Finally, I investigate how drummers performing on early drum kits today approach their playing, and how they deal with the problems identified in this thesis. In doing so I used optical character recognition (OCR) on digital archives, newspapers, interviews, magazines, catalogues and photographs from the early twentieth century, much of which has only become available in the past few years. Using these primary sources, I have constructed a reliable history and have unearthed new sources that shed light on the history and development of the instrument. Furthermore, through my own experiences and interviews of current early drum kit players, I have shown how this instrument in its early form is played, and how it differs from the instrument we know today.
26
Alrajehi, Shrouq H. « Importance of KPI identification and implementation in Kuwaiti construction industry ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13824.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) play a vital role for organizations to measure project performance. The core objective of Key Performance Indicators is that not only organizations but also customers want their projects to be completed within the stipulated time and budget while maintaining the quality standards. Performance measurement is foundation for continual improvement. Subsequently, as a regular rule, benchmarking is the next step to improve contractors’ efficiency and effectiveness of products and processes. Camp (1989) introduced benchmarking concepts and defines it as “the continuous process of measuring products, industry leaders.” It is a problem to measure the performance of large projects such as construction and communication projects using predefined KPIs. Objective of this research is to find a framework to improve project performance through benchmarking of key performance indicators, to identify the suitable KPI prevailing in the construction industry of Kuwait and develop and calculate the KPIs to assess the performance of the construction projects and making recommendations to improve project performances of construction industry. For this study two Kuwaiti construction companies are selected i.e. Company AA and Company BB. Performance of their financial and non-financial data is analyzed. Primary data is collected through questionnaires and in performance of Company BB. Data also revealed that Company BB’s are having cost and time overrun. Organizations like Company BB have to investigate reasons of cost and time delays causing dissatisfaction. Decision of material selection and delivery time should be carefully taken. Organizations should improve its employment policies from selection to compensation, working conditions, motivations and availability of health and safety facilities; as satisfied customers can satisfy customers. Subsequently, Company BB management performance needs immense improvement at all levels and in all processes. Consideration of design quality indicators (DQI) as per requirement of stakeholders and bio-diversity impacts, it is impossible to satisfy the internal or external stakeholders of construction projects. This thesis contributes useful and new knowledge to the Kuwaiti construction industry. This study reveals the importance of significant KPIs needed for the growth of medium construction organizations through benchmarking the bigger organizations. The ultimate goal of this study is to highlight the importance of KPIs to access success of medium construction organizations. Although it is believed KPIs could be used for benchmarking of bigger size organizations.
27
Gross, Shawn Patrick. « Field performance of prestressed high performance concrete highway bridges in Texas / ». Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Texte intégral
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Kulatunga, Udayangani. « Influence of performance measurement towards construction research and development ». Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44466/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The UK construction industry is being challenged to produce economically, socially and environmentally acceptable products; to satisfy its stakeholders, to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the construction processes and to address resource constraints and sustainable goals. In this context research and development (R&D) activities are identified as vital to address the challenges faced by the construction industry. Despite the importance, there are number of issues that hinder the success of construction R&D activities such as lack of accountability of the R&D resources, inadequate mechanisms to evaluate the success, output not addressing the requirements of the stakeholders, lack of communication and coordination between the parties involved in the R&D process etc. Consequently, these issues have resulted in producing research results with low applicability and have discouraged the investment towards construction R&D. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the cause of a majority of the issues in construction R&D is directly or indirectly rooted with the lack of evaluation mechanisms implying the need for performance measurement (PM). Therefore this study addresses this eminent need by exploring the influence of PM on the construction R&D. The study was argued to be residing in the interpretivism paradigm. A single case study method was used to refine a conceptual framework developed through literature review and expert interviews. Semi structured interviews and a questionnaire survey were used as the data collection techniques. Content analysis and cognitive mapping techniques were used for the analysis of the semi structured interviews whilst descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of the questionnaire survey. The study reveals critical success factors (CSFs) which need to be managed by PM to influence the success of construction R&D. Further, the study reveals that there is a discrepancy between the importance and implementation of CSFs thus, justifying the need for PM within the construction R&D. Moreover, the study introduces a Performance Measurement System, which evaluates the success of construction R&D activities.
29
Chapano, Munodani. « The impact of high performance work practices on project performance in selected construction companies in Cape Town, South Africa ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2532.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of four High Performance Work Practices (HPWPs) on project performance in selected construction companies in Cape Town, South Africa. The four HPWPs comprised: recruitment and selection (RS); performance appraisal (PA); training and development (TD); and compensation system (CS). The study employed a positivist philosophy utilizing the survey method to collect data from 70 employees who were drawn from a select group of multi-project construction companies in Cape Town, South Africa. The respondents comprised employees who worked as project team members and line staff/ administrative staff. Non-probability sampling procedure in the form of convenience sampling technique was used for the selection of five (5) construction organisations in Cape Town, South Africa. Probability sampling procedure in the form of stratified sampling technique was employed in the selection of the respondents to complete the questionnaire.Collected data was captured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The main research question of the study was: What is the relationship between the four HPWPs and project performance? The results indicate that CS has a weak positive relationship with project performance, whereas TD, PA and RS have weak negative relationships with project performance. It also emerged that there are other factors that significantly affect project performance other than the HPWPs investigated.The results of this study are significant because they provide a unique view of the work environment that has been insufficiently examined. Also, very few studies have focused on the above four universal HPWPs, which this study was earmarked for. The results that are obtained from this study significantly add to the overall body of knowledge pertaining to theories and their application in HRM, project performance and multi-project environments issues.
30
Leung, Chun-yu Cliff, et 梁鎮宇. « Performance of in-situ concrete stitches in precast concrete segmentalbridges ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617758.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Multi-span precast concrete segmental bridges are commonly constructed using the balanced cantilever method, which essentially involves sequentially extending precast segments outwards from each pier in a balanced manner. A gap of 100 to 200 mm wide is usually provided around the mid-span location between the last two approaching segments to facilitate erection. In-situ concrete is then cast to ‘stitch’ the segments together, thus making the bridge deck continuous. In the current practice, the in-situ concrete stitches are usually designed to be capable of sustaining considerable sagging moment but only minimal hogging moment. Failure of stitches may occur under exceptional circumstances that may potentially trigger a progressive collapse. However, relatively little research in this area has been carried out.
In view of this, the author is motivated to undertake an extensive study of the behaviour of in-situ concrete stitches and the effects of their performance on the robustness of typical segmental bridges. Experimental study is carried out to examine the behaviour of in-situ stitches under different combinations of internal forces. Series of stitch specimens of different configurations are tested. Subsequent parametric studies are conducted numerically to examine the effects of various parameters on the load-displacement characteristics of the stitches. Formulae for strength estimation are proposed based on the results.
A study of robustness involves analyzing the collapse behaviour of a structure in an extreme event and the analysis should be carried out up to and then well beyond the state of peak strength of structural members. A finite element programme for post-peak analysis is therefore developed for the present study. As the ability of a member section to sustain large inelastic deformation can ultimately affect the robustness of a structure, an investigation is conducted to examine the effects of steel content, yield strength and prestressing level on the ductility and deformability of prestressed concrete sections.
Using the programme developed, the formation of collapsing mechanisms of a multi-span segmental bridge deck in an extreme event is examined. A typical bridge deck is subject to prescribed accidental load on its span in order to analyze the sequence of failure. Substantial redistribution of internal forces along the deck is observed as failures initiate, thus causing subsequent failures of other deck sections even though they have been designed to resist the internal forces at the ultimate limit state. The results indicate that any span of a multispan bridge may become a temporary end-span in the event of collapse of an adjacent span and the strength of the sections must be designed accordingly to prevent progressive failure. As a span becomes a temporary end-span, the in-situ concrete stitches may experience substantial moment and shear, and their failure could potentially trigger progressive collapse of the entire bridge deck.
Towards the end of the thesis, important design considerations that can enhance the performance of in-situ concrete stitches and robustness of precast concrete segmental bridges are presented.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
31
Roth, Liselott. « Reuse of construction materials : Environmental performance and assessment methodology ». Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ, 2005. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/science_technology/09/28/index.html.
Texte intégral
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Holt, Gary D. « A methodology for predicting the performance of construction contractors ». Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88475.
Texte intégral
33
Haupt, Theodore Conrad. « The performance approach to construction worker safety and health ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000322.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 362 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
34
Tartler, Brett R. (Brett Robert). « Construction and performance of an inverted pendulum thrust balance ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59568.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-134).
The objective of the work in this thesis was to devise a means of profiling the thrust of the MIT Space Propulsion Lab's (SPL) Diverging Cusped Field (DCF) thruster and, more generally, other thrusters of similar size and thrust levels. The former SPL thrust stand, which had been used to characterize the BHT-200 engine, was not suitable for the DCF because of its torsional style design. An entirely new, inverted pendulum-type balance needed to be built. The new design employs a vertical arm with the DCF situated at the top and a counterweight placed at the bottom. The vertical arm rotates at the fulcrum through a flexible pivot attached to a base. A horizontal thrust force from the DCF causes the balance to rotate. This motion is sensed by a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) and counteracted by a force from a voice coil. The voice coil's neutralizing force nulls the balance back to an equilibrium position and supplies the thrust value produced by the DCF. The inverted pendulum thrust balance was built from an initial design proposed by Professor Manuel Martinez-Sanchez. Many of the electrical components found on the old thrust stand, like the LVDT and the voice coil, were incorporated into the new one. Additionally, the control software and hardware from the old stand required several changes and updates to be compatible with the new design. After the assembly of the new thrust balance, the issues of calibration and thermal drift during use were also addressed. Once a means of correcting the undesired operational forces and thermal effects had been established, the balance displayed thrust measurement within a range of 0mN to 23mN with an uncertainties as low as ±0.5mN.
by Brett R. Tartler.
S.M.
35
Padilla-Miller, Alina. « Digital Gender : Construction, Performance and Experience in Second Life ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17916.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to address the social construction, performance and experience of digital gender in the 3D immersive environment known as Second Life. To do this, this study explored the digital experiences of 75 community college students using Second Life in the Simulation and Game Development Initiative (SGDI) of the Summer 2010 term. Analysis of data obtained via a multimethod approach, which included online questionnaires and forum posts, revealed the background and demographic information of the SGDI students. A focus group, consisting of seven of these students, provided the rich qualitative data that addressed the three research questions of this study. These research questions asked how digital gender was created in Second Life, what the affects of digital gender are in Second Life and what the effects of digital gender are in the physical world.
Issues of gender ideology, hypersexualization, gender social order, gendered media violence, and the commodification of digital gender provided context to the research questions of this study. Additionally, these issues pointed to a significant gap in the literature surrounding gender theory, media studies, and digital culture scholarship. They revealed an overlap between disciplines and illustrated a need for connection when examining the cultural intersection between digital and physical reality.
36
Ancell, Deborah Jane. « Performance-based contracting in construction : innovation for the brave ? » Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445751.
Texte intégral
37
Wu, Shuwei. « The impact of collaborative working on construction project performance ». Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the construction industry, the relationship between clients and contractors has been usually characterized by uncertainty and adversarial behaviour. More recently, their relationship is said to be changing from a traditional and arms-length basis to more collaborative forms, e.g. partnering. There is evidence that such collaborative forms can have a substantial impact on project performance, not only with regard to time, cost and quality objectives, but also with regard to more general outcomes, e.g. greater innovation and improved user satisfaction. However, such benefits are less well understood due to limited research and in particular an absence of robust and appropriate methods of evaluation. The purpose of this research is to address this shortfall and seek to evaluate these wider aspects of project performance relative to different degrees of collaborative working. To achieve this, collaborative working and project performance first need to be transformed into a measurable form by breaking them down into a variety of attributes or indicators. Surrounding these attributes/indicators, item statements are developed and a Likert Scale is then adopted for questionnaire design. Questionnaires were mainly administered by semi-structured interviews in which the client and contractor from the same project were invited to evaluate their collaborative working and the corresponding project performance. After unidimensionality and reliability testing for the composite measures, the response difference between client and contractor group is explored through conducting paired samples t-test. Subsequently, cluster analysis is conducted to produce a taxonomy of collaborative working and correlation and regression analysis are conducted to explore the associations between collaborative working and project performance. The final conclusion strongly supports the existence of a strong positive linear relationship between collaborative working and project performance, provides valuable regression formulas to make project performance predictions and gives a more precise classification of collaborative working to help reduce the confusion over its definitions in a novel way.
38
Arabiat, Ahmad. « Modelling construction client risk performance using organisation behaviour parameters ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14887.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The role of client in inducing project risk has not been adequately covered and the construction industry. A focus on this aspect of risk should enable construction to square up the 'risk circle' for managing projects and contribute to the general development of risk management strategies for construction organisations. The thesis investigates the client role from an organisational behaviour perspective. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether organisational characteristics influence risk management behaviour for the client, and whether these characteristics affect the project risk performance positively or negatively. The objectives of the research that underpin the thesis were three-fold. First it was to explore the organisational characterisation of the construction client in the management of risk within the project environment. Second, it was to establish the effect of the client's risk behaviour on the project. Third, to identify the dominant parameters which affect client risk management, and to investigate the interaction between the parameters and the client's risk management practices and attributes. Establishing such interaction will show how the parameters explain the nature and extent of risk transfer from the organisational into the project. It also facilitate the provision of a guidance to define the client organisational attributes that are sensitive to project risk, or those attributes that are not. The study adopted a competing values framework on organisation behaviour that resulted in an elicitation instrument for testing the relationship between organisational characteristics and risk performance. Data was obtained by surveying a sample of client organisations who are actively engaged in procuring projects in the UK construction industry. The outcome of the research showed that the parameters that are represented in the competing values framework (namely, Open system, Rational model, Internal process, and Human resources) affected the risk practices and attributes of the client in different ways. The outcome specifically showed that the Rational Model has a significant positive influence on risk performance while the Internal Process has a significant negative influence on risk performance. Both the Open system and Human resources showed insignificant influence. This supports the notion that construction risk is part of a functional system that extends to the client risk performance and that the client organisational characteristics contribute to the risk behaviour within the construction project. The thesis offers two very significant contributions to the body of knowledge that underpins the management of risk in project and construction organisations: namely, the contribution to the level of risk made by the client organisations should form part of the considerations in any project appraisal; and the risk contributions by the client should address the Rational model and Internal process contexts of their organisation.
39
Chen, Pei-Chun, et 陳佩君. « Establishing Performance Evaluation Mechanisms during Construction Phase for Public Constructions-An Example on Building Construction Projects ». Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95762834653504632952.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
99
When the project is in progress, our best hope is that the project is completed on schedule, does not have cost overrun and has excellent quality. Public constructions, which are related to public interest, conform with those demands mostly than other constructions. Public constructions are significant indicators to national development and the quality of public constructions has a great impact on it. Because of that, controlling the constructions projects effectively is important for the government institutions. However, references of project performance evaluation emphasize mostly on scoring the construction projects and traditional project management depends on the experiences of project manager. Researches on project performance are numerous. Most of them focuses on schedule and cost. As for quality performance, it has been not evaluated effectively. To build an objective performance evaluation mechanism, this research uses CAPP (Continuous Assessment Project Performance) theory to develop performance evaluation mechanism on schedule and cost from owner’s viewpoint and add quality performance concept that uses checking points for evaluation This study finds the equations that can separate good cases and bad cases to evaluate executing case after bringing the continuous indicators into the performance evaluation mechanism. This study also uses relevant analysis to find the relation between change orders and checking points and between schedule variance and checking points to find the important time interval.
40
Budawara, Nasma. « Key performance indicators to measure design performance in construction ». Thesis, 2009. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976626/1/NR63350.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The performance of the design activities for a construction project can have a significant impact on the overall performance and efficiency of the project. Design activities need to be monitored to measure performance of the design process. Performance indicators can be used in this process. The Indicators can: i) measure the degree of success of a project or organization; ii) predict, control and measure the performance of design processes; iii) benchmark performances of different projects within the same- company or with other firms; iv) track and demonstrate long-term development and improvement, thereby decreasing design and construction cost and time and increasing the quality of the design product. In the context of Canada, specific construction performance indicators to assess construction project performance across project phases have yet to be formulated and documented. Therefore, there is a need to develop such indicators for the Canadian consulting engineering. From this perspective, the present research introduces practical framework and describes a model that measure the performance of the design activities for Canadian construction projects. The main objectives of this research are the following: i) to identify key indicators that affect the design performance of construction projects; ii) to develop a model for Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure the performance of design activities in the Canadian construction industry; and iii) to examine the possibility of their use in the construction industry. The methodology adopted for this research is based on review of the existing literature on design processes, review of the existing literature on design performance indicators, questionnaire surveys, interviews with practitioners, and case studies. The questionnaires along with the interviews with designers and managers from the Canadian consulting engineering are mainly conducted to explore and indentify indicators affecting the design performance. The case studies are used to validate and amend the use of these indicators in measuring project performance at the design stage. A web-based questionnaire aimed at design and construction firms was constructed. The significance and the quantification of design performance indicators are determined using a statistical package. The results from the questionnaire were used to develop a generic set of nine groups of design performance indicators for the Canadian consulting engineering. However, this research focuses on the heavy construction sector. The nine groups of indicators have been compared in pairs to identify their level of importance to each other. Experts from heavy construction participated in the pairwise comparisons task. Built on the results of the survey and experts judgment, a Model for Design Performance Measurement (MDPM) is introduced. The MDPM uses the standard Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to assign weights to the scores of the selected indicators, to measure a project performance and to compare projects. The MDPM is tested for small scale heavy constructions. The developed design performance measurement model can 1) predict, track, and control future performance, 2) highlight area/s for future improvement, 3) enable companies to benchmark the performance of different projects from the same or different companies, and 4) document all design performance data
41
Ho, Chin-Ling, et 何金玲. « Construction Supply Chain Performance Measurement Metrics ». Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87997341155604903860.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
90
The needs of Supply Chain Management (SCM) are increasing in manufacture industries. SCM also improve industry competition of construction companies. In order to evaluate the efficiency of SCM, This paper mines the measurement metrics that construction companies need. This paper collected the relevant papers and analyze recently construction performance situation. Though literatures review, construction managers can understand what is necessary managerial performance and how performance system had to be developed in the future. Many of the SCM measurement metrics used now are not suit for construction performance management. This paper combines the enterprise measurement metrics and SCM measurement metrics to set up a new measurement metrics for the construction industry. By structuralized the choosing metrics process, this paper classify metrics into finance, customer satisfy, production capability and subcontractor evaluation. Consider the hierarchical management requirement, this paper uses survey to analysis priority metrics in (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The ranks of performance metrics not only guide construction employees’ attentions and directions, but also help construction companies reach strategy connection and vertical integration
42
Yu, Kua-Hsun, et 尤冠勛. « Construction Supply Chain Performance Measurement System ». Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73995702703113215399.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
90
In order to enhance the competitiveness of the construction industry, the larger-scale construction companies have their own enterprise resource planning (ERP) system currently. These companies, however, rarely notice that in terms of management, what meaning the performance included in this system refers to. This study concluded performance indexes usually used by ordinary enterprises through relative literature review. Furthermore, based on the supply chain of the construction industry, we selected and induced the performance. According to the characteristics of the construction industry, we further categorized the performance indexes. The Data Warehouse and the multi-dimension model of the ERP system in this study are built by the means of employing the selected and categorized performance indexes. After categorizing, the conceptual model of the system is described by the use of Unified Modeling Language (UML). Apart from the conceptual model, considering the convenience of search and decision for managers, we combine the Internet concept to present this system with the method of the Web. Finally, this study is also intended to explore whether or not the performance indexes categorization of the current construction companies’ ERP system is complete through the analysis of the cases.
43
Chiu, Pei-Ting, et 邱佩亭. « Stock Index Construction and Performance Evaluation ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79988209687945964316.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士班
97
Because of development of passive investment strategy, the exchange traded funds become the most popular investment tool. The stock index is the tracing sign of passive investment commodity, so it becomes more and more important. As well as the innovation of financial product, the stock index also presents with a new appearance. For instance, the construction way and choosing condition and qualifications all have the new pioneering work. This research uses the Sequential probability ratio test to select stock shares through stock month return, and compare the performance, whether it could defeat the current stock index. Sampling period was from September, 2001 to December, 2008, and constructing 50 index and 100 index, industrial stock index and large-cap, med-cap and small-cap stock index separately, according to TSE and OTC listed company in Taiwan, and compared them with the corresponding benchmark. The entire period performance of TSE & OTC 50 and 100 indexes all surpass the benchmark. Industrial stock index have more than half index surpassing the benchmark. TSE electrical machinery index which surpasses the benchmark under each comparison is the best among TSE stock indexes. OTC electronic and Chemical, Biotechnology and Medical Care index is the best of OTC stock indexes.
44
« The Doghouse Plot : History, Construction Techniques, and Application ». Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.46203.
Texte intégralRésumé :
abstract: The Doghouse Plot visually represents an aircraft’s performance during combined turn-climb maneuvers. The Doghouse Plot completely describes the turn-climb capability of an aircraft; a single plot demonstrates the relationship between climb performance, turn rate, turn radius, stall margin, and bank angle. Using NASA legacy codes, Empirical Drag Estimation Technique (EDET) and Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS), it is possible to reverse engineer sufficient basis data for commercial and military aircraft to construct Doghouse Plots. Engineers and operators can then use these to assess their aircraft’s full performance envelope. The insight gained from these plots can broaden the understanding of an aircraft’s performance and, in turn, broaden the operational scope of some aircraft that would otherwise be limited by the simplifications found in their Airplane Flight Manuals (AFM). More importantly, these plots can build on the current standards of obstacle avoidance and expose risks in operation.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2017
45
Hudson, Cody Brent. « Hydraulic performance of temporary construction traffic barriers ». Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1076.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Temporary Concrete Traffic Barriers (TCTBs) are essential in order to protect the traveling public and highway construction crews from accidents due to driver misfortune or negligence. In order for TCTBs to be installed, however, they must be successfully crash tested. Barrier height and drainage open space are key characteristics that influence this crash test rating. This is because an increase in height will insure that a vehicle will not over-top the barrier and a decrease in drainage open space will result in greater barrier mass, which will in turn resist larger impact forces. The factors that increase the crash worthiness of a barrier, however, lead to poor hydraulic performance. This then becomes a concern if barriers are placed in areas where they may adversely impact the local floodplain elevation. The objective of this research is the development of a hydraulic rating curve that describes the relationship between upstream energy head and the flow rate passing the barrier. To accomplish this objective, a three parameter model with three unknown coefficient terms was utilized. The model was then fit to experimentally obtained data, and a rating curve was developed. In addition, the effects of downstream submergence and clogging of the drainage opening, with respect to the rating curve, was also analyzed. Finally, a method for using this information in the hydraulic modeling software HEC-RAS was developed.text
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Powell, Ashleigh Boerder. « The social construction of performance-based design ». 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Construction and operation of commercial and residential buildings in the United States have been identified as the single largest sector of energy consumption and contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequently, buildings must be a primary target for reductions. From short-term incentives, to long-term milestones, building energy efficiency, specifically net zero energy buildings, have emerged as a significant and unprecedented objective for a variety of public and private organizations in the United States. Altering the practices of the building culture requires not only technological innovation, but also an understanding of how practitioners within the building culture see their role in transforming it. Consequently my research seeks to understand how building industry professionals comprehend their capacity to influence the cultural boundaries of their profession in order to account for and mitigate the impacts of energy and emissions in the built environment. Ultimately, this study is an investigation into the social construction of technological change.
The AIA+2030 Professional Series offered by the Denver Chapter of the American Institute of Architects has served as the single case study for this investigation. By limiting local conditions to the Denver-based Series and defining advocates as the self-selected group of participants, I’ve narrowed this analysis to reflect a workable microcosm of practitioners who are committed to the investigation and integration of net zero energy design, construction, and building operation practices. In order to substantiate this empirical analysis, I employed a triangulated series of data collection and interpretation consisting of: participant observation, interviews, and a survey. Data analysis involved an iterative process of coding and categorizing the primary key words and themes that emerged throughout my investigation.
Each of the perspectives offered during this investigation indicate that architects who are advocates of net zero energy building design perceive that consequential opportunities for fundamental change exist within the social and cultural facets of the building culture. Ultimately, by preferencing social and cultural activism over technological manipulation, these advocates have corroborated the notion that technological change is fundamentally rooted in social change.text
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CHUNG, TA-YUAN, et 鐘大元. « The Construction of Social Enterprise Development Performance ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k8r4f9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士實踐大學
企業管理學系碩士班
105
Looking at the history of the development of social enterprises, social enterprises in Europe and the United States and Taiwan have been valued, but also from all walks of life to see the vigorous development of social enterprises and microcosm, but also a unified definition and argument to identify social enterprises, although Taiwan 2010 is the first year of social enterprises, but as early as 1998 will be able to see the epitome of social enterprises. However, in the performance evaluation of a wide range of assessment projects, each of the commonly used performance evaluation methods are only for one (input, output, sustainable development, etc.) as an assessment method for different types of social enterprises need to have a suitable General performance evaluation methods and questionnaires to reinforce the internal and external operating modes and related deficiencies. Therefore, this study explores and analyzes the social enterprise performance evaluation methods, and finds out the shortcomings of the social enterprise performance evaluation and constructs the measurement items for all the social concepts. Then, through the in-depth interviews and surveys Internal and external reliability, and construct and strengthen the common development of performance evaluation methods of the shortcomings. After this study, we can see that there are no differences between the three indicators in the social purpose, the enterprise orientation and the society. In other words, the results of the questionnaire and the experts can be used to find the questionnaire Have a measure of appropriateness.
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Phirwa, Tabodi. « Construction project management registration and project performance ». Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24105.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of M.Sc. Building to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017Project management is no longer seen as just a management based approach but as a profession in its own right. It is, however, still common that individuals practice project management without, necessarily, being registered with the profession creating a crossing of professional jurisdiction. Existing literature or lack thereof indicates shallow investigation into project management registration and its impact on project performance. This report compares the project performance of registered and non-registered construction project managers in the South African built environment. A mix method approach was applied where the quantitative data was collected and complimented by qualitative data that aimed to solicit perceived factors that may influence improved project performance. Using a cross-sectional survey interview consisting of a semistructured questionnaire, data were collected from project management practitioners and professionals with the relevant knowledge and experience. The survey solicited 578 responses, with only 402 being regarded as complete survey responses. There respondents were sourced from the various professional councils that fall under the South African Built Environment. The results indicate no significant differentiation between the project performance of registered construction project managers and those who are not registered as construction project managers. On the job experience is considered a vital factor influencing project performance from a project manager’s perspective. Responses also indicate a variance in the perceived importance of construction project management registration. Despite the primary motivation behind registration having been expressed as “competitive advantage”, registration was considered most effective when used in combination with education, training and the understanding of project management knowledge areas.
XL2018
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Ney, Diego Calvetti. « Electronic Productivity Performance Monitoring of Construction Workers ». Tese, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134025.
Texte intégral
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YANG, YI-LUEN, et 楊宜倫. « The Analysis of Construction Industry Firm’s Performance ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58614749559972031531.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士銘傳大學
企業管理學系
104
Construction industry can promote domestic economy of other relevance industry. The performance of domestic Construction industry was not good enough because of enactment of luxury tax in 2011 and Integrated housing and land tax system in 2015. This study try to find which domestic construction industry has most efficient to create added valued in the market. Then use Tobit regression model to verification the variable selected, in further to explore what is the key factors of the efficient to create added value in the market. The sample is collected from listed 33 firms during the period of 2012-2015.With the analysis results. About Effect factors of Operating performance, board ownership, large shareholders, manager shareholding and return on assets has a positive impact for construction business performance. But the total share capital has negative impact for construction business performance. It must observe responsibility and authority‘s distribution of each participant that will inspirit of business performance and enhance the value of long-term investments of the investor.