Thèses sur le sujet « Performance carbone »
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Xia, Yuzhen. « Carbone fonctionnalisé pour une meilleure performance des piles à combustible ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0116/document.
Texte intégralIn the development of the performances of PEM fuel cell, sulfonated Pt/Vulcan catalysts were prepared by grafting with either polystyrene sulfonate (PSSA) or with 4-phenysulfonic acid (PSA). The influences of the graft ratio, the amount of Nafion and the gas diffusion layer, on the electrochemical performances were studied in a half-cell and membrane electrode assembage (MEA). Larger electrochemical surface area of the catalyst was obtained in the presence of microporous layer on the carbon paper, as well as higher ORR current and lower charge transfer resistance. PSSA was grafted onto Pt/Vulcan catalysts by in-situ radical polymerization with 5, 10 and 20 wt.% sodium styrene sulfonate. It was presented in the half-cell tests and fuel cell tests that the catalysts grafted with 5 and 10 wt.% sulfonated groups performed improved properties. Pt/Vulcan catalysts were also grafted with 5.8, 11.6 18.0 and 23.3 wt.% PSA. Compared with non-functionalized catalysts, significant developments were achieved because of the sulfonation. The MEA with 18.0 wt.% PSA was studied in accelerated durability tests and showed excellent durability after 3000 cycles. For half-cells and MEAs with catalysts grafted with 5wt.% PSSA or PSA groups, low Nafion addition resulted in to lower performances. However, the MEAs with 10 and 20 wt.% PSSA exhibited an enhanced performance than the counterparts with 0.50 mg•cm-2 Nafion
Wasilewski, Mélanie. « Contribution à la connaissance du carbone pour la gestion de portefeuille : implication pour le coût des capitaux propres ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0001.
Texte intégralFrom a financial point of view, the carbon metric is complex to define and measure. Nevertheless, carbon plays a major role in investors' analysis and decision-making strategies, as it has a direct influence on the valuation of companies. The literature shows that the cost of carbon has a significant influence on the cost of equity. This link allows us to set out three major hypotheses based on risk modulation, the search for legitimacy and investor preference. We were able to identify various types of carbon indicator. Our work then consists of associating these hypotheses with the indicators in order to identify different portfolio management strategies. Such strategies are guided by investors' intentions, which vary according to their personal commitment, their level of constraint and their environment. Investors then legitimate their portfolio mix on the basis of different assessments of this data. We show that carbon data modifies the cost of equity capital for European companies listed on the STOXX 600 index. We use the Fama and French model extended to carbon in order to identify the differences between brown and green stocks. In addition, we found that carbon performance is assessed differently depending on the business sector. This finding encourages investors to identify and choose companies that are committed to reducing their carbon emissions, thereby reducing their cost of capital
Elkhaldi, Imane. « Effets de la composition des liants bas carbone sur l'hydratation et la durabilité des bétons : vers un indicateur de performance en lien avec l'empreinte carbone ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0007.
Texte intégralThe use of low-carbon concrete has now become a necessity leading to changes inthe standards governing concrete (EN 206) and cement (EN 197). The use of so-called “lowcarbon” cements is therefore made possible(CEM II/C-M and CEM VI). The work presented focuses on the evolution of the microstructure,mechanical strength and durability of low-carboncement-based concretes, in particular clinkerslag-limestone ternary mixtures (K-S-LL). An indicator is proposed to characterize the carbon footprint of concrete and its durability with respect to corrosion induced by carbonation.The results of this work demonstrate the important role of the reactive additions inreducing the carbon cost of the binders while maintaining good mechanical properties. Amodel allowing the prediction of the service life of the coating as a function of the properties of the cement materials is adapted to our problem.Concretes based on ternary cements have advantageous CO2/ddv ratios associated with a high corrosion propagation time compared with concretes based on portland cement. However,consideration of the carbonation effect on electrical resistivity influences the observed trends
Clarot, Igor. « Caractérisation des complexes terpène/Beta-cyclodextrine par chromatographie sur carbone graphite poreux et spectrométrie ». Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO308H.
Texte intégralLannelongue, Jérémy. « Accumulateurs hautes performances de type plomb-étanche-AGM avec collecteurs de courant à base de titane et de carbone flexibles ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI091/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work is to present and proof new concept of high performance lead-acid cells using new thin-plate electrodes. The new approach allows increasing the energy density and the specific power of the battery without a penalty for its cycle and calendar lifetime. Flexible carbon support electroplated with lead and thin surface-modified titanium mesh/foil are used as current collectors. Parameters like electric resistance and active materials utilization have been evaluated successfully in long-term laboratory tests (deep-cycling, micro-cycling, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy) using small-scale compressed lead-acid and lead-carbon cells with absorptive glass mat (AGM) separators. The thickness, the porosity and the expander loading are the key parameters which influence the evolution of the negative active material utilization. It has been found that the process of reversible hydrogen storage within the activated carbon used as main dopant of the negative plate competes with the Pb/PbSO4 electrode inhibiting its operation at carbon loading higher than 9.3 %m. The use of SnO2 coated titanium as positive current collector eliminates completely the appearance of corrosion-related battery failure. Multiphysics modeling based on these data will allow fitting to all the battery applications (power, energy)
Daldoul, Insaf. « Caractérisation et étude de la performance du chrysotile dans la capture du dioxyde de carbone dans les procédés gaz-solide ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21737.
Texte intégralTamokoué, Kamga Paul-Hervé. « Essais sur l'économie de la performance énergétique des bâtiments dans le secteur résidentiel ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM052/document.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation aims at better understanding some features of the market for building energy performance in the residential sector and at evaluating the effectiveness of three policy interventions to encourage energy retrofit: Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), tax credit for energy retrofit, and energy taxation. The first chapter of the thesis surveys the literature on building energy performance certification: there is strong evidence that households value building energy performance when buying or renting a dwelling. The second chapter provides a theoretical analysis of the impact of EPCs and shows that EPCs can decrease or increase energy consumption depending on the time horizon and the heterogeneity of energy demand in the population. The third chapter develops a simulation based on the aforementioned model and suggests that EPCs need to be supplemented by other policy instruments to reduce energy consumption. Relying on French micro-panel data, the fourth chapter econometrically analyzes the impact of a tax credit rate increase for energy retrofit and finds that it can substantially boost expenditures for investments targeted by the tax credit. The last chapter econometrically analyzes how energy prices affect households’ decisions to invest in building energy performance and does not find any statistical evidence of an effect of an increase in energy fuel price
Miaudet, Pierre. « Structure et propriétés de fibres de nanotubes de carbone à haute énergie de rupture ». Bordeaux 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583652.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the study of polymer/carbon nanotube composite fibers with original properties. They particularly exhibit a very high toughness, potentially useful for future ballistic applications. Indeed, their ability to absorb energy is the most important ever observed for a material. This property is linked with composite structure of the fibers, which is closer from the natural fibers one like spider silk, than from usual high performance synthetic fibers one. This manuscript presents studies about the influence of structural modifications on mechanical, electrical and thermo‐mechanical properties of the fibers, which highlighted new properties, such as shape and temperature memory effect. We hope that the fundamental results obtained in this work will help for the development of several and various applications, particularly in the field of textiles and protection materials
Parscau, du Plessix Basile. « Analyses et modélisation du développement de porosités lors de la cuisson de pièces composites thermodurcissables hautes performance ». Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=0260b399-6f1e-436a-aa15-2359881c9e84.
Texte intégralDuring epoxy based carbon fibre resin composites (CFRC) manufacturing, one of the major defects which may occur is the creation of internal voids. As a major impact, it is thus well-known that voids in composites structures induce a severe degradation of the mechanical performances. Consequently, the scientific issue addresses the void creation and development control during thermoset composites parts curing. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to develop a new accurate numerical void growth model for composite parts health optimization. The model is addressing the coupling between water diffusion phenomena, thermo-mechanical effects and matrix properties, which are the driven factors of void size evolution during the polymerization cycle, taking care of the growth of a micro-bubble in a resin surrounding. By using a new numerical mo- deling approach, the results fit realistically, as demonstrated with experimental results
Bailly, Nicolas. « Mise au point d'une cellule de SOFC haute performance alimentée en méthane pur sans dépôt de carbone ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825651.
Texte intégralMartin, Arnaud. « Optimisation de fibres de carbone pour leur application à des composites hautes-performances à matrice organique polymérisés par voie radicalaire sous rayonnement ». Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS037.
Texte intégralPolymerization under high energy radiation is a promising alternative to autoclave processing for manufacturing high-performance composite materials. Electron beam can initiate free radical polymerization processes of acrylate-based matrix. However, the comparison with state-of-the-art thermally cured composites reveals the lower transverse mechanical properties of radiation-cured composites. The aim of this project was to improve the transverse mechanical properties of these radiation-cured composites by a surface modification of carbon fiber. We have investigated several points related to these issues, and particularly we have inquired about the influence of the chemistry present at the surface of the carbon fiber on the polymerization step initiated under irradiation curing. We tried to have a better understand on their influence on the polymerization and on the curing process based on radiation-induced free radical chemistry. Then, the next step deals with the formulation of a surface modification treatment applied by sizing in order to improve the interface quality with the creation of an interphase and even better a covalent link between the fiber and the matrix. We worked on the compatibility of this formulation with the industrial process and we propose aqueous and non-aqueous-based emulsion processes to apply the surface treatment. Finally, demonstrator materials were manufactured and the mechanical properties in the fiber transverse direction were measured. The obtained results illustrate the efficiency of our surface modification solution on the mechanical performance of acrylate-based radiation cured composites
Sayed, Ahmad Firas. « Mise en précontrainte des Bétons Fibré à ultra haute performance (BFUHP) à l'aide de matériaux composites en carbone (PRFC) ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00700491.
Texte intégralBobin, Alexey. « Methane reforming by carbon dioxide over metal supported on nanocrystalline mixed oxides : mechanism and transient kinetics for relating catalysts structure and performance ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10164/document.
Texte intégralOxygen bonding strength, mobility and reactivity in nanocrystalline Ln-doped ceria-zirconia (Ln=La, Gd, Pr, Sm) with supported Pt, Ni, Ru were studied by state-of-the-art techniques such as isotopic exchange in static and flow reactors with 18O2 and C18O2, O2 TPD, H2 and CH4 TPR, pulse microcalorimetry and TAP reactor. Bulk oxygen mobility is found controlled by a rearrangement of Ce and Zr cations coordination sphere with doping as well as by fast oxygen migration along Pr3+/Pr4+ cationic chains. Surface and near-surface oxygen mobility appears controlled by a strong metal-support interaction with incorporation of metallic ions into surface layers and domain boundaries. In realistic feeds, the catalytic activity in dry reforming of methane correlates with oxygen mobility, required to prevent coking and metal sintering.Transient kinetic studies (non steady-state and SSITKA) allowed us to propose a bi-functional reaction mechanism corresponding to independent redox steps of CH4 and CO2 activation. The rate- limiting step is shown to be the irreversible activation of CH4 on metal sites, while CO2 dissociation on reduced sites of oxide supports proceeds much faster (being reversible for the steady-state surface) followed by a fast oxygen transfer along the surface/domain boundaries to metal sites where CH4 molecules are transformed to CO and H2. The CH4 selective conversion into syngas would involve strongly bound bridging oxygen species with heat of desorption ::600-650 kJ/mol O2. For optimized formulations, Ni+Ru clusters could be involved in CO2 activation via facilitating C-O bond breaking in the transition state, thus increasing the rate constant of the surface reoxidation by CO2, while strongly bound carbonates behave as spectators. For Pt/PrCeZrO, an additional fast route to syngas would occur on Pt ions with participation of weakly bound carbonates stabilized by neighboring Pr4+ ions. Such specificity makes this system highly promising for methane oxi-dry reforming, especially on structured corundum supports for short contact time compact reactors, well adapted to stranded and limited gas resources
Ammar, Khodja L’Hady. « Performance et caractérisation à l’arrachement des tiges en FRP de carbone utilisées pour renforcement au cisaillement par la méthode ETS ». Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1016/1/AMMAR_KHODJA_L'Hady.pdf.
Texte intégralDaldoul, Insaf. « Caractérisation et étude de la performance du chysotile dans la capture du dioxyde de carbone dans les procédés gaz-solide ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26854/26854.pdf.
Texte intégralPillain, Baptiste. « Définition des indicateurs clés de performance et évaluation multicritère de filières durables de recyclage des polymères renforcés de fibres de carbone issus de l’industrie aéronautique ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0630/document.
Texte intégralThe global consumption of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is constantly growing since the last decade, leading to the need to create a recycling sector able to manage the amount of carbon fibers currently consumed and representing the amount of waste to be treated in the future. This thesis focus on the creation of a methodology for evaluating the sustainability potential for the implementation of a carbon fiber reinforced plastics recycling (CFRP) sector. CFRP coming from the aeronautics sector as well as other sectors such as the automobile and wind-energy industries. This methodology aims at identifying the most relevant indicators and associated methods, but also aims at the creation and adaptation of indicators to best assess the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of this recycling sector. The final result of this work, is the creation of a sustainability assessment methodology dedicated to the carbon fiber recycling sector, considering the different sustainability pillars. However this methodology also define more widely a tool that helps to identify sustainability performance indicators and that can be applied to other sectors if necessary
Ural, Aydemir Güralp. « Performance en frottement de composites alumine-métal avec ou sans nanotubes de carbone densifiés par frittage flash : identification des conditions de grippage et des mécanismes d’usure ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0015/document.
Texte intégralAlumina matrix composites containing metal nanoparticles (Fe or FeCr) with or without carbon nanotubes (CNT) densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were studied under low amplitude oscillating friction conditions (fretting-wear) and reciprocating sliding. A free displacement fretting machine was used to enable contact materials to adapt freely to simulate and identify the seizure phenomenon under different loading conditions (constant, progressive, with or without contact aperture). Parametric modeling has helped to define precisely friction coefficients, seizure thresholds and dissipated energy in the contact. The results are very similar at low loads, but there is always a sharp transition at higher loads leading to severe degradation of composites with CNT just before an early seizure. An acquisition instrument of acoustic emission has been used during several tests to identify and monitor in situ different stages of degradation observed during friction. Additional tests under reciprocating sliding with imposed displacements have also been made for further understanding of wear behavior of composites. The overall results of fretting and reciprocating sliding helped to prioritize the tribological performances of different composites and lead to identify changes in wear mechanisms in relation with occurrence of a tribofilm in the contact interface
Perret, Alexandre. « Etude des propriétés de transport du CO2 et de l'éthanol en solution hydroalcoolique par dynamique moléculaire classique : Application aux vins de Champagne ». Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS024/document.
Texte intégralThe work presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide and ethanol in a hydroalcoholic solution model representing Champagne wines. The first part of this work deals with the different formalisms of molecular diffusion, as well as theoretical and experimental methods used to account for this phenomenon of transport. Particular attention is paid to the classical force field molecular dynamics that is used in this work with the GROMACS software. This theoretical approach provides a new perspective in research on champagne and particularly on the role of each of the main species in CO2 diffusion. NMR spectroscopy, and an experimental method based on the study of the bubbles growth rate, were also used. In the second part, the theoretical and experimental results are presented and compared with each other to validate the protocol of molecular dynamics simulations. The viscosities of the model solution and of the champagne, as well as the hydrodynamic radii of CO2 and ethanol, are also investigated. The last part of the manuscript focuses on the partnership with the Bull company and the study of the GROMACS software performance. The expertise of and the tools developed by the Bull company are used to study the scalability and the parallel behavior of GROMACS for modeling champagne
Bouillard, Théophile. « Optimisation et caractérisation d'un béton haute performance renforcé par des fibres résistantes à la corrosion ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30370.
Texte intégralThis thesis is a part of a research project initiated by the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra), which has been responsible for radioactive waste storage facilities in France since 1991. In addition to active storage sites, Andra oversees the Cigéo project that aims to dispose high-risk radioactive waste at a deep geological disposal. The Cigéo project includes underground galleries located 500 meters below the surface, designed for the long-term storage of radioactive waste. It is divided into two main phases: the first involves the transportation of radioactive waste packages into the galleries, while the second phase encompasses the storage itself, sealing the project and rendering it infeasible to any human intervention. This thesis addresses the challenges of sustainability, stability, and health monitoring of the structures. Conventional reinforced concrete is susceptible to corrosion, generating dihydrogen in the anoxic environment of the galleries. Thus, leading to a long-term risk of overpressure. To mitigate this risk, Andra is exploring alternatives to conventional reinforced concrete; one of which is the incorporation of non-corrosive fibers to reduce the rate of reinforcement. Two types of fibers have been selected: the firsts, FIBRAFLEX fibers (FF) provided by Saint-Gobain SEVA are amorphous metallic fibers. They are characterized by high aspect ratio, corrosion resistance, and high electrical conductivity. The second type, carbon fibers (CF), provided by Toray Carbon and processed by Apply Carbon, are known for their high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, and small diameter. The manuscript is divided into four main sections. In addition to the literature review, the second part focused on the mechanical characterization and formulation development. Various fiber reinforcement configurations were tested, with dosages of 0.27% and 0.41% by volume for FF. For CF, two sets were tested: with sizing and without sizing at a dosage of 0.27%. Compression and elastic modulus tests showed no significant impact of the fibers on these properties. However, in flexural tensile tests, FF fibers improved the ductility of the concrete and crack control upon their initiation by increasing the residual tensile strength after the peak. The CF, on the other hand, did not yield significant improvements. The third section studied the impact of fibers on the electrical resistivity of concrete and its potentiality for damage detection. Flexural tests revealed a correlation between electrical resistivity and crack opening; particularly in batches with CF, which exhibited sensitivity even before crack initiation. Batches with FF fibers also provided reliable results, but they required a crack initiation to observe a significant change in electrical resistivity. Lastly, the final experimental campaign focused on the mechanical behavior of steel reinforced and fiber-reinforced concrete structural elements. The tests involved four-point bending on real-scale beams with different combinations of steel and fiber reinforcements. It was demonstrated that FF limited crack openings in the elastic-cracking phase of the beams while slightly enhancing their strengths. In parallel, various data acquisition systems, including optical fibers, digital image correlation, electrical resistance measurements, and acoustic emission analysis, were used to monitor beam damage. These indirect measurement techniques precisely detected damage in the beams, and the addition of fibers improved the reliability of these measurements
Goldfain, Valérie. « Mise au point et validation d' une méthode CLHP pour le dosage d' un nouvel agoniste des récepteurs kappa : application à une étude pharmacocinétique chez l' homme après administration orale du produit marqué au carbone 14 ». Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P227.
Texte intégralGaniyu, Soliu. « Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes for removal of Pharmaceuticals from water : Performance studies for sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide anode and hierarchical layered double hydroxide modified carbon felt cathode ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1116/document.
Texte intégralPharmaceuticals residues as emerging pollutants have become a major concern due to their persistence and continuous accumulation in various environmental compartments and their removal is one the major challenges of this century. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) such as anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF) have shown to be efficient techniques for complete degradation and mineralization of this class of pollutants. A substoichiometric titanium oxide (Ti4O7) deposited on titanium alloy by plasma elaboration was investigated as an alternative stable and efficient low cost anode materials for application in AO and EF for degradation of pharmaceuticals amoxicillin (AMX) and propranolol (PPN) and mineralization of their aqueous solutions. Excellent mineralization of both pharmaceuticals was achieved with Ti4O7 anode compared to dimensional stable anode (DSA) and platinum (Pt) anodes at similar experimental conditions, but less efficient when compared with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode during AO treatment. Almost complete mineralization (96%) was attained with Ti4O7 anode in EF degradation of PPN at 120 mA after 8 h of electrolysis. Several aromatic, bicyclic and other intermediate byproducts were identified and quantified during the electrochemical treatment of both pharmaceuticals, with the final end products in the treated solutions being short-chain carboxylic acids and inorganic ions. Plausible mineralization pathways for both pharmaceuticals were proposed based on the identified intermediates, released inorganic ions and carboxylic acids as well as TOC data. Initial AMX solution shows relatively high inhibition to V. fischeri bacteria, which further increased at the early stage of electrooxidation due to formation of cyclic intermediates more toxic than mother molecules but sharply decreased at the later stage of electrolysis. Since the Ti4O7 is produced mainly from TiO2 which is very cheap and highly abundant material, this anode material could be an interesting alternative electrode in industrial wastewater treatment by electrochemical oxidation. On the other hand, CoFe-layer double hydroxide modified carbon-felt (CoFe-LDH/CF) cathode synthesized by solvothermal process was studied as a heterogeneous catalyst/electrode for degradation of organic pollutant Acid Orange II (AO7) over a wide pH range. Excellent mineralization of this azo dye solution was achieved in pH range 2 – 7.1, with TOC removal much higher than corresponding homogeneous EF with raw carbon-felt (CF) at all pH studied. The prepared cathode exhibited good reusability and can constitute an alternative for the treatment wastewater effluents at neutral pH values
DEBORDE, CATHERINE. « Etude du metabolisme carbone primaire de bacteries propioniques laitieres par resonance magnetique nucleaire in vivo du 1 3c : des voies metaboliques aux tests de performance des souches industrielles ». Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NSARI008.
Texte intégralBôto, Ana Margarida Carapinha. « Trabalho projecto : fundos de investimento de carbono : o caso do Luso Carbon Fund ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1835.
Texte intégralCom a expectativa de ser possível gerar lucro através dos mecanismos resultantes do Protocolo de Quioto, o Clean Development Mechanism, o Joint Implementation e o Assigned Amount Units, surgiram os fundos de investimento em carbono que têm por objectivo juntar capital para transaccionar créditos de carbono. Nos últimos anos assistiu-se a um desenvolvimento destes fundos, o que reflecte por um lado a preocupação ambiental, e por outro lado o interesse na possibilidade de obter lucro através do investimento em actividade de carácter ambiental. Em 2006 surge o primeiro e único fundo de carbono de origem portuguesa, o Luso Carbon Fund (LCF), que tem por objectivo a compra e venda de licenças de emissão de carbono e o desenvolvimento de projectos que visam a redução das emissões de carbono. Dado o crescimento destes fundos no mercado, questiona-se a performance dos fundos de investimento em carbono bem como a sua utilidade. Para responder a estas questões é utilizada uma abordagem de benchmarking para analisar o LCF. Em primeiro lugar é avaliada a performance do LCF face à performance de outros fundos de investimento portugueses, desta avaliação com base em amostras das cotações das unidades de participação conclui-se que o LCF parece ser aquele que parece apresentar a melhor performance. De seguida é avaliada a performance financeira do LCF face ao investimento em créditos de carbono disponíveis no mercado, de onde se conclui, com base nos dados das amostras que parece ser preferível o investimento no mercado de carbono através destes fundos. Conclui-se então deste trabalho que do ponto de vista dos investidores os fundos de investimento de carbono podem ser uma boa alternativa aos fundos de investimentos convencionais, e que para aqueles interessados em obter lucro no mercado de carbono, estes fundos parecem ser com base na análise a melhor opção face à compra e venda dos créditos de carbono.
Expecting profit from the mechanisms created by the Kyoto Protocol, Assigned Amount Units, Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism, appeared carbon investment funds that aim to obtain capital by trading carbon credits. Over the last years the number of carbon investment funds grew up quickly evidencing simultaneously the environmental concern and the interest in making profits through the investment in environmental actions. In 2006, appeared the first carbon investment fund managed by a Portuguese company, the Luso Carbon Fund (LCF) based on carbon credits trading and in investing in projects that is expected to generate carbon credits. Because of the carbon investment funds growth, there is an interest on study the performance of these funds. Moreover, there is a question about the utility of these funds. To answer these questions it is used a benchmarking approach to analyze the LCF. In first place the performance of LCF is compared with the performance of other Portuguese investment funds resulting that LCF is the fund with the best performance. The financial performance of the LCF is then compared with the performance of the carbon credits available in the market, from this comparison it can be seen that the investment in the carbon market behind investment carbon funds is preferable than accessing directly the carbon market. We conclude from this work that for usual investors, investment carbon fund can be a good alternative to the conventional investment funds. For those that are interested in profit from carbon market investment it seems that investing through investment funds is the best option.
Younsi, Akli. « Carbonatation de bétons à forts taux de substitution du ciment par des additions minérales ». Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS342/document.
Texte intégralCement is the main source of environmental impacts of concrete use. It is thus recognized that the most pragmatic solution for minimizing environmental impacts of concrete is the reduction of the cement content. This could be achieved by replacing a part of cement by mineral additions such as fly ash or blast-furnace slag during concrete mixing.The present work aims at studying the physico-chemical phenomena occurring during the process of carbonation of concrete mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by mineral additions and their resistance against this type of attack.An experimental campaign was conducted on reference concrete mixtures prepared with common cements and on other concrete mixtures, called “Écobétons” (Green concretes), prepared by replacing a part of cement by fly ash or blast-furnace slag. The study focused on the Écobétons durability, especially their resistance against carbonation, on the equivalence of Écobétons performances with the reference mixtures performances and on the composition and microstructure parameters controlling the kinetics of carbonation. Carbonation has been studied in natural and accelerated conditions. The results show that Écobétons mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by fly ash (50 %) and blast-furnace slag (75 %) could replace, in some cases, concretes that are in accordance with the current standard.In addition to the experimental study, numerical simulations of the coupling between hydration and drying were conducted in order to determine the effect of drying on the properties controlling the accelerated carbonation kinetics of the studied concrete mixtures (porosity, Portlandite content and water saturation degree). The results show that the kinetics of drying increases with the degree of substitution of cement by mineral additions. They also question the relevance of the preconditioning of the samples during accelerated carbonation test conducted according to the French standard XP P 18-458
Borgna, Thomas. « Études des propriétés de composite à matrice thermoplastique thermostable au-delà de leur température de transition vitreuse ». Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3020/document.
Texte intégralThe present study shows and analyses the specifications of a semi-crystalline thermoplastic composite as function of temperature, below and above the glass transition. In order to assess and discuss about what extent this material could be innovately use, objective facts must be necessary exposed: the main target is to give the outlooks about the temperature range, in particular the high temperatures. The studied material is a continuous carbon fibre composite with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix. Its glass transition temperature is around 143°C. It has been characterized throughout a wide temperature range.For several kinds of quasi-static loadings, the load transfer from the matrix to the fibre reinforcement is good even above the glass transition temperature. The compression strength is indeed very interesting for an aeronautical application. In addition, the fracture surface analysis have significantly revealed a different behaviour above the glass transition temperature: the matrix is more ductile and thus the crack propagation is limited thanks to the energy dissipation. However when the mechanical response is driven by the matrix behaviour such as shear loadings, the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the composite are highly increased. Therefore the time-dependent behaviours have been characterized by using creep experiments and loading-unloading tensile tests as function of the temperature.In order to predict those non-linear behaviours, meso-models have been developed as function of the temperature. Thus viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity have been taken into account to model the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the composite material, thanks to creep-recovery tests which have been carried out with a torsion rheometer
Bourlet, Frédérique. « Étude de l’influence des impuretés métalliques sur la réactivité des composites C/C lors de freinages à haute performance ». Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH8532.
Texte intégralAt the moment of aircraft braking, discs in composite C/C constituting the brakes may be polluted by various substances from structural elements of the aircraft or by icing agent products. These impurities introduced in small proportion, have an impact on the tribological and thermal properties of carbon and can be the cause of premature aging of the brake. In this study, nickel, zirconium and calcium were selected to simulate these contaminants. The aim of the thesis was to determine the influence of the reactivity and the surface chemistry of the substrate on the activity of these additives. A graphite Slx50 (Timcal®) was milled under controlled atmosphere in order to control its reactivity. After the impregnation step by various salt solutions, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the distribution of these elements is dependent on the reactivity of the carbon support. Temperature Programmed Desorption coupled to Mass Spectrometer (TPD-MS) showed reactions between carbon and these elements. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) allowed to complete the study and to propose a reaction mechanism for each additive
Cipolletta, Mariasole. « Analisi delle caratteristiche e delle performance di membrane polimeriche a microporosità intrinseca (PIM) per la cattura di CO2 ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10960/.
Texte intégralPham, Hong Son. « Investigation of the supercritical CO2 cycle : mapping of the thermodynamic potential for different applications ; further understanding of the physical processes, in particular through simulations and analysis of experimental data ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4338.
Texte intégralThis study first evaluates the thermodynamic performance of the supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) cycle in a large range of heat source temperature, with a focus on the nuclear applications; a thermal efficiency of 45.7% is reported for a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor. Second, CFD simulations have been performed on a small scale sc-CO2 compressor and results have been confronted positively with the experimental data. Simulation results on a real scale compressor have then revealed some particularities during the compression of a real fluid, providing feedbacks for the component design. In addition, a reliable performance maps approach has been proposed for the sc-CO2 compressor and validated using the CFD results. Finally, an investigation of bubble collapse in the liquid CO2 near the critical point has disclosed the likely absence of detrimental effects. As such, risks of cavitation damage should be low, favoring the compressor operation in the liquid region for cycle efficiency improvement
Sakamoto, Kamryn M. « Development of nanoporous carbide-derived carbon electrodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5548.
Texte intégralLithium ion batteries are the state-of-the-art power sources for portable electronic devices and, due to their superior energy and power densities, are promising candidates for the demanding energy storage applications of the U.S. Navy and other branches of the military. While graphitic carbon is currently the most common anode material in lithium ion batteries, it suffers from low specific capacity (~372 mAh/g) and poor power characteristics. In contrast, amorphous carbons allow for faster charge/discharge kinetics and were found to exhibit specific capacities of up to 1000 mAh/g due to a different, and still unknown storage mechanism. This work examines the suitability of amorphous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) anodes for high-power and high-energy density lithium ion batteries. Using different material characterization techniques, such as Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), we aim to determine the relationship between the structural features of CDC to its electrochemical performance. Studies were conducted on three titanium carbide (TiC)-based CDC powders, synthesized at 600, 1000, and 1200 °C. Custom-made CDC anodes were fabricated, tested and cycled against commercial LiCoO2 and lithium metal cathodes in button-type coin cell enclosures. Electrochemical testing revealed specific capacities approaching 300 mAh/g. While the observed specific energy is lower than that of a conventional graphite anodes, the results are promising and may provide deeper insights into the relatively unknown charge storage mechanism in amorphous carbons. Our results also indicate that CDCs allow for substantial improvements in power characteristics, but additional research is needed to verify the obtained results and further optimize the electrode fabrication process.
Arabi, Haytham Gadkarim. « FRICTION PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON CLUTCH MATERIALS ». OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1650.
Texte intégralLafon-Placette, Stéphanie. « Performances tribologiques d'un carbure de silicium pour paliers d'étanchéité dynamique fonctionnant en conditions sévères ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0021.
Texte intégralSilicon carbide friction bodies fulfill high operation criteria owing to the properties provided by this ceramic. Its low thermal expansion coefficient and good thermal conductivity make it less sensitive to thermal shocks than other ceramics and particularly in friction, where the local heat generation may be significant. These tribological performances are then conditioned by the mechanical environment, by the nature of the counterface and above all by the interfacial elements circulating inside the contact. The friction of the homogeneous SiC/SiC pair in a ring-on-ring configuration was first studied and its wear mechanism was redefined. A hard silicon carbide counterface showed a difficult dry sliding and a high wear, alternative materials were studied: DLC coating on silicon carbide rings or carbon-graphite rings. Impregnation of the carbon-graphite rings with different compounds, polymers with the phenolic resin and PTFE or metal with antimony, shaped its properties and therefore, the tribological behaviour. Friction tests are carried out using a rotary sliding tribometer. They characterized the tribological behaviour for different operating conditions of contact pressure, sliding velocity and temperature of the environment. In addition, a thermal analysis was also implemented by using an infrared thermal camera in order to identify heat flows in the system and the temperature field for the entire duration of the tests. Physico-chemical analysis using EDS and Raman spectroscopy permitted to describe the transfers of material which take place during the tests and highlighted the local oxidation phenomena of the interface. The strong contribution of the carbone-graphite impregnants to the formation of the third body was also shown. Raman spectroscopy was also used to examine the crystalline state of the surfaces and the third body. Raman spectroscopy highlighted also stresses which are the source of the damage mechanisms. The different stages of the phenomena taking place during sliding inside the contact in terms of material and energy balance were then described
Adam, Shalima. « Carbon disclosure and company performance : a portfolio performance approach ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21194.
Texte intégralThe objective of this research study was to investigate whether socially responsible companies that disclose their carbon emission, referred to in this research report as ‘carbon disclosure leaders’, outperform their non-disclosing counterparts, referred to in this research report as ‘carbon disclosure laggards’. This research study attempted to substantiate the relationship between companies’ carbon disclosure practices and companies’ share price performance. An empirical analysis was conducted with a focus on South African-listed Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) top-100 companies. A portfolio approach was utilised to establish if any significant relationship exists between company carbon disclosure and company share price performance. Portfolios were constructed based on companies that participated in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and were thus categorised into JSE industry sectors. It was assumed that by using industry-specific sectors, the macro-economic conditions would generally affect all companies in that specific sector in a similar way, thus enabling comparative analysis. The results from this study subsequently found, having done various analyses in terms of share price growth and carbon disclosure, that no significant correlation exists in terms of the CDP. This would, however, be correct in terms of the analysed data, which is limited at times, but cannot be necessarily inferred as a broader statement. Intuitively, it can be said that carbon disclosure and greater ratings in terms of the CDP would imply that companies are more positive in dealing with their carbon footprint, which would be more positive for their long-term existence and sustainability. Equally, it could also yield various cost savings that will translate into higher earnings and earnings per share that drive share price growth. In becoming more active in reducing the carbon footprint, companies would also reduce their risk profile since they would be better aligned to potential restrictive carbon emission legislation and improve their public profile, which could again boost profitability. Further arguments can be made to suggest that disclosure of a company’s carbon initiatives and footprint would benefit the company’s value and share price performance. Thus, having observed the outcomes of the analyses conducted in this report, the more appropriate question would be if other factors exist that could have affected the outcomes as observed and whether these factors could have overshadowed the proof that there is a positive correlation between share price growth and carbon disclosure.
Jabot, Richard. « La comptabilité de la soutenabilité au temps de l'Anthropocène : affects, mesures et engagement ». Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10051.
Texte intégralThis dissertation explores the role of sustainability accounting in the period of the Anthropocene and aims to understand how it can influence the actors of organizations to make them act towards sustainability. Constructivist qualitative research based on two unique case studies of French SMEs, this dissertation is composed of three articles that together explore different facets of sustainability accounting. The first article, through the role of affects, tackles the question of how carbon accounting affect us to the point of making us act. The second article considers the difficulties associated with measuring the different dimensions of sustainability and underlines the process to steer the organisation towards the search for contextualized actions and contradictory debates. The third article analyses how a researcher can engage in research-intervention by taking the risk of managerial capture. Our research shows that sustainability accounting does not produce enough effects to make actors act towards sustainability. It confirms that knowing rationally does not imply acting. It thus shows that quantification in itself does not produce an effect, but that it can be coupled by space for debate and confrontation to lead to contextualized action. Finally, it shows that, as a result, an engagement and a physical and temporal proximity of the researcher in his field are a necessity to carry a transformative vision of sustainability
Rua, Gonzalez Diego. « Synthèse de matériaux catalytiques de type oxydes mixtes pour la production de méthanol par la précipitation en flux continu en système microfluidique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF001.
Texte intégralGlobal warming is a concern for the current and future generations due to the increasing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere, mainly due to the dependence on fossil fuels. The use of alternative fuels such as sustainable methanol produced from renewable H2 and from CO2 would contribute to reduce the GHG emissions and the effects of climate change. The synthesis of methanol using CO2 rich feedstock is preferentially done by using a solid catalyst composed of CuO, ZnO and ZrO2. This type of catalyst can be produced by coprecipitation of the metal species using a microfluidic device, with advantages that have been demonstrated over catalysts synthesized by batch coprecipitation. In this work, different catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol were synthesized using the microfluidic technique under different conditions, in order to explore different synthesis parameters that could lead to the development of more active catalysts. The differences in the properties and activity between a catalyst synthesized by the microfluidic method and another synthesized by the batch method were investigated, followed by an exploration of the effects of the aging time and the coprecipitation temperature on the catalysts. Lastly, the effect of different compositions of catalysts on the properties and activity were determined, by investigating different CuO contents, the use of CeO2 as a catalyst promoter, and the use of In2O3 as a catalyst promoter and as active metal
Arquier, Raphaël. « Etude des phénomènes physico-chimiques en jeu lors de la consolidation hors autoclave de composites PEKK/FC ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE017.
Texte intégralCarbon Fiber/High performance thermoplastic matrix composites are of great interest for the aeronautical industry, for the reduction of process times as well as for their potential ability to be welded and recycled compared to their thermoset matrix-based composites counterparts. In this context, the HAICoPAS (Highly Automatized Integrated Composites for Performing Adaptable Structures) collaborative project, built around an industrial and academic consortium and led by Hexcel and Arkema, aims to develop the entire production chain of a continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite with a PEKK (Polyetherketoneketone) matrix. This goes from the pre-impregnation of the tape to the welding of real parts capable of meeting industrial requirements, in particular, consolidate parts in out-of-autoclave (OOA) system with a porosity rate inferior to 1%.As the resorption of intra or interply voids requires a local flow of the whole composite, squeeze flow rheological tests have been modeled to understand the viscous behavior of this highly filled system. The power law viscosity parameters have been identified at 1 bar, as well as an unexpected increase of these parameters with the applied pressure which has been related to "shear banding". Then, consolidation experiments under vacuum bag in an oven, coupled with model rheological tests reproducing the same time-temperature-pressure cycle, have highlighted the process / microstructure / mechanical properties relationships induced. A good dispersion of fibers along with few porosities confined in dry areas is necessary to facilitate the out of autoclave consolidation of the composite. Also, an increase in the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), observed with consolidation time, was found to be related to the homogenization of the {fibers + matrix} distribution at the interplies rather than to the more usually considered porosity rate. Finally, the important role played by the volatiles and the moisture content in particular, in the consolidation of the composite was identified
Al-Asadi, Akram A. « Iron Carbide Development and its Effect on Inhibitor Performance ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416422709.
Texte intégralWong, King Jye. « Moisture absorption characteristics and effects on mechanical behaviour of carbon/epoxy composite : application to bonded patch repairs of composite structures ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949293.
Texte intégralPomportes-Castagnet, Laura. « Influence de stratégies nutritionnelles sur le fonctionnent cognitif au cours d’une sollicitation physiologique ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4057/document.
Texte intégralIn sport and exercise activities, successful performances strongly depend on the ability to simultaneously carry out cognitive and physical demands. More precisely, it would seem that performance is frequently influenced by the efficacy of decision-making realized under strong temporal pressure. The aim of this thesis work is to assess the effect of nutritional supplements that is carbohydrate, caffeine and guarana on cognitive functions during an acute exercise. Overall, our results suggest that ingestion of these three supplements enhance speed of information processing during a decision-making task at the end of exercise. Additionally, caffeine mouth rinsing seems worthwhile since a likely enhancement of inhibition processes has been reported after use during exercise. Finally, a decrease of perceived exertion has been reported with caffeine and guarana ingestion along with carbohydrate mouth rinsing. In conclusion, our results indicate the potentiation of exercise effects on cognitive function. Furthermore, they suggest nutritional supplements could enhance cognitive processes during exercise in what may be a predictive factor of performance enhancement
Chelaghma, Saber Ayoub. « Fonctionnalisation de composites C/PEKK pour application aérospatiale : caractérisation, modélisation et influence sur les propriétés du composite ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30362.
Texte intégralReducing aircraft weight is one of the major challenges facing the aerospace industry. In order to achieve the ambitious goals of fuel consumption and emission reduction, carbon-fiber reinforced composites have been introduced to the market. These materials are attracting increasing interest, however, they have low electrical conductivity to ensure protection against lightning strike. For this reason, composites filled with conductive particles are the subject of ongoing research activities. The objective is the development of multifunctional composites with enhanced electrical properties. Actually, the most used thermoplastic matrix is PEEK, but this polymer remains expensive, and its processing temperature is high. For this purpose, thermoplastic matrices, such as PEKK, are again studied. Between the raw material and the final part, the thermoplastic matrix undergoes several thermal steps with high temperature exposure (impregnation, consolidation, forming and assembly processes) during which its ability to crystallize evolves continuously. In order to evaluate the impact of the process and the composite constituents on its properties, crystallization has been the subject of particular attention. Two complementary experimental devices were used to characterize the crystallization. The heating stage, allows to apply a thermal cycle and observe the crystallization in optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of carbon fibers and conductive fillers on the crystallization kinetics was evaluated. A decrease in crystallization times was observed through the increase of the nucleation rate. The collected data were used to develop a kinetic model identified through an original approach based on microscopic data. This model makes it possible to predict the crystallization kinetics of PEKK composites. Nevertheless, it does not make it possible to predict the final microstructure. However, the microstructure has a significant impact on mechanical properties as it has been proven through nano-indentation tests. To predict the final microstructure, a model based on the pixel coloring approach has been developed. The influence of carbon fibers has been introduced through the formation of a transcrystalline phase. A good correlation is found between the analytical approach, the simulation and the experimental data in terms of crystallization kinetics. Mechanical and electrical characterizations were performed to evaluate the performance of these new materials. On the studied materials, the mechanical response is not homogeneous as observed on tensile tests followed in stereo-correlation. The study of matter health shows the existence of defects, in particular, at the microstructure level. In order to take this particularity into account, it is thus necessary to describe the microstructure more finely. For this, X-ray tomography was used to characterize the composite. Recent developments in this technique allow, in combination with segmentation tools, to reconstruct a representative geometry of the material. This geometry is used to simulate the mechanical behaviour as well as the crystallization. The numerical simulations of an RVE are able to calculate the properties of a ply, then those of a laminate. This multi-scale modelling could reduce the number and cost of experimental campaigns. Thus, determining the properties of the final structure based on characterizations and simulation at the microstructure scale is a strategic scientific and industrial issue. This work is a contribution towards this approach
Mohamed, El Mifdol. « Etude de l'efficacité diphasique d'une pompe pour la compression du CO2 ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00686069.
Texte intégralOschatz, Martin, J. T. Lee, H. Kim, Lars Borchardt, W. I. Cho, C. Ziegler, Stefan Kaskel, G. Yushin et Winfrid Nickel. « Micro- and mesoporous carbide-derived carbon prepared by a sacrificial template method in high performance lithium sulfur battery cathodes ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-156825.
Texte intégralZhang, Xi-Yang. « Performance of carbide and coated carbide tipped circular sawblades ». Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1995. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20582/.
Texte intégralRODRIGUES, Artenisa Cerqueira. « Interrelação Bradyrhizobium - BPCP’s - caupi : avaliação da atividade enzimática e performance simbiótica ». Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4964.
Texte intégralMade available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T14:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artenisa Cerqueira Rodrigues.pdf: 1487841 bytes, checksum: e529e19a4038e9e52c84b90e95264477 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-21
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
It has been a recurrent the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in association with the legume-rhizobia symbiotic system to increase the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Thus, the search for using alternative vehicles that increase quality and efficiency of inoculum leading to reduced costs and possible environmental impacts have been investigated. The BNF change in response to biological and environmental factors and their effectiveness can be measured by the concentrations of compounds involved in this process, being an important point to evaluate biochemical indicators related to the metabolisms of nitrogen, carbon and antioxidant. In this context, this study aimed at verifying the survival of cowpea to bacterial colonization and evaluating the interrelationship of Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB providing better symbiotic performance and cowpea development; optimizing the BNF and cowpea development, inoculated and co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB, as well as evaluating the activities of enzymes as indicators of efficiency, senescence and stress/oxidative protection during and after the establishment of symbiosis; and determining the efficiency of inoculation and co-inoculation of cowpea with Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB using variables of growth and production and, jointly, characterizing the exopolysaccharide used as a vehicle for seed inoculation. Three experiments were conducted in greenhouse of the Agronomy Institute of Pernambuco (IPA). The legume used was cowpea cv. "IPA 206" inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. (BR 3267) and co-inoculated with different strains of PGPB. In the first experiment, the experimental design was randomized blocks with 24 treatments one inoculated (BR 3267), and 22 co-inoculated (BR 3267 + PGPB); and an absolute control (AC), with three replications. In the experiment II, the experimental design was randomized blocks with 2x4 factorial arrangement, two harvest periods (FP, flowering point; BS, beginning of senescence) and four treatments (inoculated and co-inoculated) + AC, with four repetitions. In the experiment III, the experimental design was a randomized block with 2x6 factorial arrangement, two harvest periods (FP, flowering point; GF, grain filling) and six treatments, one inoculated (BR 3267), and three co-inoculated (BR 3267 + PGPB), and two controls (AC and NC), with four replications. In the results was found synergism between BR 3267 and PGPB in cowpea especially in combination of BR 3267 with strains Paenibacillus graminis (MC 04.21) and P. durus (C 04.50), which exhibited better symbiotic response. Pre-selected strains of PGPB were combined with BR 3267, forming two symbiotic pairs (BR 3267 + MC 04.21; BR 3267 + C 04.50) and a tripartite (BR 3267 + MC 4.21 + C 04.50) where the results showed significant differences for growth variables as well as the biochemical indicators related to the metabolisms of nitrogen, carbon and antioxidative. There was increased concentration of total soluble proteins in nodules of plants co-inoculated compared to those inoculated in isolation with BR 3267. There was intense proteolytic activity and a decline in enzyme activity in the BS, but there was delayed of the deleterious effects of aging in the tripartite co-inoculation, allowing better symbiotic performance in cowpea plants. It can be suggested the use of inoculating compounds with bacteria studied aiming at improving the BNF and delaying senescence of nodules ensuring the availability of nitrogen for a longer period of time. This response emphasizes the importance of the combination and compatibility of microorganisms introduced, in combination, to promote a better symbiotic efficiency of cowpea, especially for tripartite co-inoculation, with respect to Rhizobium native to soil, and this synergistic response resulted in improved variables of production and efficiency of N2 fixation. With respect to chemical and rheological characteristics, the EPS used as vehicle for inoculation presents as a polyanionic heteropolysaccharide with low-viscosity fluid pseudoplastic, revealing an endothremal peak by the technique of differential scanning calorimetry that represents a favorable feature considering its use on industrial scale.
Para o incremento da fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN) tem sido recorrente o uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento em plantas (BPCP’s) em associação com o sistema simbiótico leguminosa-rizóbio. Desta forma, a busca da utilização de veículos alternativos que aumentem a qualidade e eficiência do inoculante levando a redução de custos e de possíveis impactos ambientais tem sido investigados. A FBN varia em resposta a fatores biológicos e ambientais e a sua efetividade pode ser mensurada através das concentrações dos compostos envolvidos neste processo, sendo um ponto relevante avaliar indicadores bioquímicos relacionados aos metabolismos do nitrogênio, do carbono e antioxidativo. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivos verificar a sobrevivência do caupi à colonização bacteriana, assim como avaliar a interrelação Bradyrhizobium sp. e BPCP’s visando uma melhor performance simbiótica e desenvolvimento do caupi; otimizar a FBN e o desenvolvimento do caupi, inoculados e co-inoculados com Bradyrhizobium sp. e BPCP’s, assim como avaliar as atividades de enzimas como indicadores de eficiência, senescência e de estresse/proteção oxidativo durante a após o estabelecimento da simbiose; e determinar a eficiência da inoculação e co-inoculação do caupi com Bradyrhizobium sp. e BPCP’s utilizando variáveis de crescimento e produção e, juntantemente, caracterizar o exopolissacarídeo utilizado como veículo de inoculação das sementes. Foram conduzidos três experimentos em casa de vegetação do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA). A leguminosa utilizada foi caupi cv. “IPA 206” inoculada com Bradyrhizobium sp. (BR 3267) e co-inoculadas com diferentes estirpes de BPCP’s. No experimento I, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com 24 tratamentos, sendo um com inoculação (BR 3267); 22 combinações (BR 3267 + BPCP’s); uma testemunha absoluta (TA), com três repetições. No experimento II, o delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x4, dois períodos de coleta (PF, ponto de florescimento; IS, início de senescência) e quatro tratamentos (inoculados e co-inoculados) + TA, com quatro repetições. No experimento III, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x6, dois períodos de colheita (PF, ponto de florescimento; e EG, enchimento de grãos) e seis tratamentos, sendo um com inoculação (BR 3267), e três com co-inoculações (BR 3267 + BPCP’s); e duas testemunhas (TA e TN), com quatro repetições. Nos resultados constatou-se sinergismo entre BR 3267 e BPCP’s em caupi principalmente na combinação de BR 3267 com Paenibacillus graminis (MC 04.21) e P. durus (C 04.50), que exibiram melhor resposta simbiótica. As estirpes de BPCP’s pré-selecionadas foram combinadas com BR 3267, formando dois pares simbióticos (BR 3267 + MC 04.21; BR 3267 + C 04.50) e uma tripartite (BR 3267+ MC 04.21 + C 04.50) onde os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas para as variáveis de crescimento bem como para os indicadores bioquímicos relacionados aos metabolismos do nitrogênio, carbono e antioxidativo. Houve aumento da concentração de proteínas solúveis totais nos nódulos das plantas co-inoculadas em relação àquelas inoculadas isoladamente com a BR 3267. Ocorreu intensa atividade proteolítica e declínio na atividade das enzimas no IS, porém na co-inoculação tripartite houve retardo dos efeitos deletérios da senescência, o que permitiu uma melhor performance simbiótica na plantas de caupi. Pode-se sugerir o uso de inoculantes compostos com as bactérias estudadas visando incrementar a FBN e retardar a senescência dos nódulos assegurando a disponibilidade de nitrogênio por um maior período de tempo. Esta resposta ressalta a importância da combinação e compatibilidade de microrganismos introduzidos, em mistura, para promover uma melhor eficiência simbiótica do caupi, em especial para a co-inoculação em tripartite, com relação ao rizóbio nativo do solo, e esta resposta sinérgica resultou em melhoria nas variáveis de produção e eficiência da fixação de N2. Em relação às características químicas e reológicas do EPS, utilizado como veículo para inoculação, este se apresenta como um heteropolissacarídeo polianiônico com fluido pseudoplástico pouco viscoso, revelando-se pela técnica de calorimetria exploratória diferencial um pico endotérmico que representa uma característica favorável tendo em vista a possibilidade de seu uso em escala industrial.
Goettler, Christoph Michael. « EFFECT OF DENSITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS ». OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2780.
Texte intégralCai, Dongyu. « Development of high performance carbon nanotube/polymer composites ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10313.
Texte intégralGómez, Sanz Sara. « Exploiting carbon in enhancing the performance of catalytic materials ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708360.
Texte intégralRohani, Alireza. « Carbon behaviour, carbon reputation and corporate economic performance : a comparative study of carbon intensive and non-intensive industries ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/700739/.
Texte intégralRohani, Alireza. « Carbon Behaviour, Carbon Reputation and Corporate Economic Performance : A Comparative Study of Carbon Intensive and Non-intensive Industries ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/700739/1/PhD%20thesis%20A%20Rohani.pdf.
Texte intégralVautey, Philippe. « Bilan des performances mécaniques des composites carbone/thermoplastiques pour l'aéronautique ». Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP0639.
Texte intégralLim, Michelle Jo Anne. « EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE ON FRICTION PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON AIRCRAFT BRAKE MATERIALS ». OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2457.
Texte intégral