Articles de revues : « Passive urban buildings »

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Tombazis, A. N., et S. A. Preuss. « Design of passive solar buildings in urban areas ». Solar Energy 70, n^o 3 (2001) : 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(00)00090-6.

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Hendinata, Laurentius Kevin, Nur Abdillah Siddiq, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Fikri, Michael Alfano Suprapto et Ribka Prilia. « Passive Window Energy Performance in Buildings : Modeling of Apartment Buildings in Indonesia ». Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 2, n^o 2 (19 août 2023) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v2i2.6729.

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Along with urban growth in urban areas and energy consumption, which continues to increase every year, the selection of windows in the initial design is essential to obtain buildings that are not energy intensive. Selecting the correct window in the blueprint design reduces building energy consumption. Smart windows, especially thermochromic windows, are one of the most promising window technologies because they are the most economical and have passive control with zero energy input, which holds good promise for energy-saving applications. Apart from that, double-glazing windows are also frequently used in energy-saving applications. Therefore, a study compared the energy-saving potential of thermochromic and double-glazing windows to clear glass windows, using computer modeling through EnergyPlus, in high-rise apartment buildings in cities throughout Indonesia's diverse climates. From the modeling results, total energy consumption can be reduced by around 8.91% to 10.96% of total building energy consumption by replacing the conventional clear glass with double-glazing windows or more able to reduce about 20.22% to 24.19% by replacing the conventional clear glass with thermochromic windows. Furthermore, this potential varies depending on geometric shapes, materials, building facades, local climate, and building orientation. Nevertheless, considering the potential benefits, these windows are highly suitable for application in buildings seeking to reduce their energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.

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Suvorovs, Edgars. « URBAN DEVELOPMENT EFFECT ON PASSIVE HOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION / MIESTO PLĖTROS ĮTAKA PASYVAUS NAMO ENERGIJOS VARTOJIMUI ». Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, n^o 3 (7 juin 2011) : 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.049.

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The paper describes one of the energy-efficient building concepts – a passive house. In the course of the work, a multifamily residential house was simulated in order to determine its constructive and spatial parameters that would ensure a passive house with energy efficiency in compliance with the fixed standards. The climatic data of the Latvian capital, Riga, were applied to this building simulation. Initially, an optimal orientation and maximum theoretical insulation of the building were chosen. At the second stage, the external factors – the shade caused by the surrounding buildings and effect of the building orientation dictated by the existing urban conditions – were studied based on the previously achieved energy efficiency rating. The results evidenced that the layout of window apertures and change of orientation, as well as shading caused by the surrounding buildings, plaid a significant role in the rating of the building energy efficiency nonetheless it did not interfere with achieving the passive house standards.

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Gao, Jian Ping, et Wei Chen. « Development and Advance in Adding-Storey Retrofit of Existing Buildings in China ». Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (octobre 2008) : 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.621.

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Residential houses and civil buildings in China were mainly low-rise buildings before 1980s. With the rapid development of urban construction, urban land became more and more scarce. Thus in recent years, it becomes increasingly popular nationwide to add more stories to existing building for its particular techno-economy advantages. Adding-storey plays an important role in mitigating the pressure of demand for more building sites, improving the living condition，and accelerating the modernization progress of cities’ shabby zones. In this paper, a brief review was presented on the evolution, status-quo and trends of the adding-storey of existing buildings in China, and three new adding-storey methods using passive control technology were introduced, which can be used for peers' reference.

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Toong, Yong Seng, et Nangkula Utaberta. « Kuala Lumpur Chinatown Pre-War Shophouses (Adaptive Re-Use) and City Image ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (mars 2015) : 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.40.

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The terminology and concept of city image is very much related to good city planning and reflects strong image which, defined by Kelvin Andrew Lynch, a town-planner. He elaborates such terminology with regarding to people perception on urban space in term of city legibility and image-ability. Elizur who has classified city image as “rich” and “poor” in his study reminds of prototype and stereotype city place respectively. City image generally refers to the characteristic of a true urban image such as skylines, landmarks and panoramas. Architects, urban designers and town-planners play a crucial role in carrying out the task of shaping the city image. However, when discussion on city image which regards to economics point of view, city image could be interpreted as active use and passive use in accordance to a paper presented by some scholars. Active use means usage of the old buildings restoration and preservation which generates incomes to cover their building’s maintenance and expenses. Examples such as cafés, boutique hotels, art galleries. Conversely, passive use does not generate substantial income but contribute to and beneficial of the community. Examples such as community library, museums and other social activity buildings. Both active and passive use are portraying adaptive re-use of the old buildings. This paper unfolds the common ground which integrates adaptive re-use of pre-war shophouse buildings as architecture concept in Kuala Lumpur Chinatown (KLC) and contributing the city image under the term of conservation. The study is conducted with photographic records, on site study, observation (visual survey technique) and analysis.

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Kamoona, Ghada M. Ismael Abdul Razzaq. « Passive Design Strategies to Enhance Natural Ventilation in Buildings "Election of Passive Design Strategies to Achieve Natural Ventilation in Iraqi Urban Environment with Hot Arid Climate" ». Journal of Engineering 22, n^o 6 (1 juin 2016) : 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.06.13.

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The natural ventilation in buildings is one of effective strategies for achieving energy efficiency in buildings by employing methods and ways of passive design, as well as its efficiency in providing high ranges of thermal comfort for occupants in buildings and raises their productivity. Because the concept of natural ventilation for many people confined to achieve through the windows and openings only, become necessary to provide this research to demonstrate the various passive design strategies for natural ventilation. Then, research problem: Insufficient knowledge about the importance and mechanism of the application of passive design strategies for natural ventilation in buildings. The research objective is: Analysis of passive design strategies to achieve natural ventilation in buildings, for the purpose of the proper selection of them to Iraqi urban environment. Accordingly, the research included two parts: First, the theoretical part, which dealt with the conceptual framework of natural ventilation and deriving the most important aspects in it, in order to adopted as a base for the practical part of the research. Second: the practical part, which analyzed examples of buildings projects that employed various design strategies for natural ventilation, according to the theoretical framework that has been drawn. The main conclusion is, Necessity to adopt various passive design strategies for natural ventilation in Iraqi urban environment with hot dry climate, as they have a significant impact in reducing the energy consumption for the purposes of ventilation and cooling, as well as for its efficiency in improving air quality in indoor environments of buildings.

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Oforji, Peter I., Emeka J. Mba et Francis O. Okeke. « The Effects of Rhythm on Building Openings and Fenestrations on Airflow Pattern in Tropical Low-Rise Residential Buildings ». Civil Engineering Journal 9, n^o 8 (1 août 2023) : 2062–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-08-016.

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Effective passive airflow in low-rise residential buildings in hot-humid environment is crucial to maintaining good indoor thermal comfort for occupants. However, investigation of effects of the rhythm of window openings on achieving a passive airflow pattern in such buildings in the tropical climate of sub-Saharan Nigeria have been rarely studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the rhythm of window openings on passive airflow patterns for indoor thermal comfort in low-rise residential buildings in the hot-humid environment of Obosi, Nigeria. It involved experimental research using the Anemometer TA465 instrument for measuring wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperature of the purposively designated buildings in the three layouts of the study area for both wet and dry seasons. Employing the Yamane statistical formula, a sample size of 433 was obtained, and questionnaires were administered to occupants of the studied buildings and analyzed using categorical Regression Analysis (CATREG). The regression analysis showed that p=0.000, i.e. p<0.05 indicating that there was a significant relationship between the type and sizes of windows (elements used in measuring rhythm) and the intensity or force of breeze (a measure of passive airflow pattern). Further analysis of the data involved the use of Autodesk CFD 2018 (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for building wind flow simulations. The result showed variations in temperature levels (indications of differences in indoor thermal comfort) of various indoor spaces of the investigated designated floors and buildings, especially ground floors and the top-most floors of the buildings. The study underscored the need to use architectural rhythm design strategies to create a positive impact on airflow patterns in low-rise buildings, especially in densely built-up urban areas. The results of this study are instructive in noting that in order to attain passive airflow in buildings in the face of challenge of land restrictions, vertical stacking of building floors could be used once an adequate rhythm of window openings is adopted. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-016 Full Text: PDF

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Karadag, Ilker, et Aysem Berrin Cakmakli. « Interface of the Natural Ventilation Systems with Building Management Systems ». Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 51, n^o 2 (27 novembre 2020) : 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.15700.

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The vertical city is increasingly being seen as the most viable solution for many urban centers. However, being vertical means constructing tall buildings which imply a large amount of energy requirement mostly due to the mechanical ventilation systems. Replacing these systems with natural ventilation is of importance on the way of achieving sustainable buildings and cities. However, there are many challenges in incorporating natural ventilation systems into tall office buildings. Because, having a far distance from the ground levels, tall buildings are exposed to turbulent and unstable wind conditions. Therefore, advanced technical systems to monitor/control a tall building is required even though natural ventilation is mostly considered a passive, low technological approach to condition a building. These systems utilize sensors to measure internal environmental conditions and external conditions of air temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and rain to utilize passive or active modes, based on the data received. To integrate such systems, in most cases, a hybrid approach is required to fill the gap between the natural and mechanical ventilation systems. Since, climate conditions may not be suitable for solely depending on natural ventilation throughout the year, using mechanical ventilation systems as a back-up to natural ventilation is mostly required. Based on this approach, this study presents advanced natural ventilation strategies of a number of buildings integrating Building Management Systems. Throughout the study, it is intended to guide further researches on natural ventilation and consequently to contribute to the environmental quality of urban areas and smart sustainable development of the cities.

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Soteriades, Elpidoforos S., Loukas Petrokokkinos, Michael A. Talias, Andreas Zissimos, Maria Kolovou, Constantinos Potiriadis, Vasiliki Kamenopoulou et Evangelos Georgiou. « Environmental assessment of radon levels in Cyprus ». Management of Environmental Quality : An International Journal 27, n^o 4 (13 juin 2016) : 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0029.

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Purpose – Radon is responsible for approximately 50 per cent of public exposure to environmental radiation. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess indoor radon levels in Cyprus. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 500 passive radon detectors were used to estimate radon levels in the areas of Nicosia (capital), Paphos, Nisou and Famagusta. A total of 240 different public and private buildings were randomly selected in the above districts and two passive radon detectors were placed inside each building. The detectors were collected on average, three months following placement. Findings – The average radon level from all passive detectors was 53.7 and 49.2 Bq/m3 after excluding the seven highest values. The two highest measurements were observed in Paphos, Tsada-Kili elementary school (429 Bq/m3) and Emba, Paphos district (410 Bq/m3), respectively. Differences were also seen in public buildings compared to private buildings (p=0.058). In addition, rural buildings had higher radon levels compared to urban buildings (p=0.001). Predictive multilevel regression models for logarithmic radon levels were employed and differences were seen on point estimates regarding building- and district-level radon measurements. Most of the random variability observed was due to building-level variation. Practical implications – Residents from different geographic areas in Cyprus are reassured about the safety of indoor radon levels in public and private buildings. Originality/value – The estimation of indoor radon levels was done by the optical microscopy technique using a specific mathematical formula. Observed radon levels do not raise concern regarding residents’ radon exposure in Cyprus. Paphos district and Nisou area may require further investigation.

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Giostra, Simone, Gabriele Masera et Rafaella Monteiro. « Solar Typologies : A Comparative Analysis of Urban Form and Solar Potential ». Sustainability 14, n^o 15 (22 juillet 2022) : 9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159023.

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Efficient use of energy in the construction sector is a pillar of the European Union’s 2050 climate protection goals, yet legislation makes no explicit reference to urban morphology or building form, which are recognized as key to energy performance in buildings. Rapidly changing energy standards and new requirements for on-site energy production demand a vigorous scrutiny of established urban typologies that are largely the product of an older energy regime. The research explores a set of 312 building shapes with floor-to-area ratio (FAR) of 3 within a given plot to identify emerging trends, ranges, and correlations between geometric variables, visual comfort, and energy indicators. Cases are grouped and evaluated in relation to three main urban typologies to highlight unique features related to each typology. The paper also compares two groups of results related to passive and active solar potential, respectively, to identify formal traits that are specific to each of these two design strategies. Finally, the research ranks design options based on total energy use taking into account the energy need for artificial lighting as well as contributions from both passive energy savings and active energy production. Results show that energy demand across cases varies by a factor 2 for passive strategies and a factor 5 when active potential is considered based on shape alone. Best results are clearly positioned at the two extremes of the geometric and proportional range. On the one hand, low-rise compact bar and courtyard buildings that are perhaps most prevalent in our cities today may be effectively retrofitted to meet active energy targets. On the other hand, extremely tall and slim towers appear to be the only typology in the study with the potential to achieve zero-energy status by virtue of their form alone. The work sheds light on the formal implications of EU energy mandates and offers a glimpse of how buildings may adapt to the combined selective pressures of high on-site energy fraction and low energy use to shape our future cities.

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Toesca, Adrien, Damien David, André Kuster, Michel Lussault et Kévyn Johannes. « An urban thermal tool chain to simulate summer thermal comfort in passive urban buildings ». Building and Environment 215 (mai 2022) : 108987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108987.

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Philips, D. A., R. Rossi et G. Iaccarino. « Large-eddy simulation of passive scalar dispersion in an urban-like canopy ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 723 (16 avril 2013) : 404–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.135.

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AbstractResults from large-eddy simulations of short-range dispersion of a passive scalar from a point source release in an urban-like canopy are presented. The computational domain is that of a variable height array of buildings immersed in a pressure-driven, turbulent flow with a roughness Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } = 433$. A comparative study of several cases shows the changes in plume behaviour for different mean flow directions and source locations. The analysis of the results focuses on utilizing the high-fidelity datasets to examine the three-dimensional flow field and scalar plume structure. The detailed solution of the flow and scalar fields within the canopy allows for a direct assessment of the impact of local features of the building array geometry. The staggered, skewed and aligned arrangements of the buildings with respect to the oncoming flow were shown to affect plume development. Additional post-processing quantified this development through parameters fundamental to reduced-order Gaussian dispersion models. The parameters include measures of concentration decay with distance from the source as well as plume trajectory and spread. The horizontal plume trajectory and width were found to be more sensitive to source location variations, and hence local geometric features, than vertical plume parameters.

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Zhang, Zhizheng, Qingying Hou, Jin Tao, Hao Zhang, Xuesong Chou et Xiangting Jiang. « Comparative analysis of low-energy buildings to help achieve carbon neutrality technology ». E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021) : 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104035.

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The development of low-energy buildings is an important initiative to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. According to the data of the relevant papers, if all the northern urban and rural buildings in China adopt passive ultra low energy building technology, it can save about 350 million tons of coal for heating and reduce about 900 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. It’s of great significance to achieve the goals of “peak carbon dioxide emissions” and “carbon neutrality”. Starting from four key technologies for low-energy buildings, explanation and analysis the energy-saving methods for low-energy buildings, It also presents the challenges and suggestions for the development of low-energy buildings in China.

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Vukotic, Perko, Ranko Zekic, Tomislav Andjelic, Nikola Svrkota, Andrija Djurovic et Aleksandar Dlabac. « Radon on the ground floor in the buildings of pre-university education in Montenegro ». Nukleonika 65, n^o 2 (1 juin 2020) : 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0007.

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AbstractA national radon survey was performed recently in all buildings of pre-university education in Montenegro. During the school year 2016/2017, radon (222Rn) was measured with passive detectors (Radosys, RSFV type) in 2855 ground-floor rooms of 468 buildings. The average 9-month radon activity concentrations above the level of 300 Bq/m3 were found in 728 rooms, which belong to 213 buildings, while in 111 rooms, belonging to 47 buildings, they were above 1000 Bq/m3. Radon concentrations in the educational buildings, averaged over all sampled ground-floor rooms in a building, range from 16 Bq/m3 to 2810 Bq/m3, with arithmetic mean (AM) = 275 Bq/m3. They follow a log-normal distribution with geometric mean (GM) = 174 Bq/m3 and geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 2.58. There are 135 buildings with average indoor radon concentrations on the ground floor above 300 Bq/m3 and 18 buildings where they are above 1000 Bq/m3. The influence of the nine factors (climate, urban/rural area, age of building, number of stories, building materials, basement, foundation slab, window frames, and heating) on radon concentrations in the buildings was analysed by univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) methods. The univariate analysis revealed the significant relationship of the four factors: age of buildings, basement, building materials, and window frames with radon concentrations on the ground floor in the buildings, while multivariate analysis added to those factors urban/rural area and number of stories, but excluded building materials as a factor influencing significantly radon concentrations.

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Rostampisheh, Maryam, Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari et Fereshteh Navidi Majd. « Assessing the Architectural Compatibility of Urban Buildings With Passive Defense Principles in Eslamshahr City ». Disaster Prevention and Management Knowledge 13, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2023) : 204–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/dmkp.13.2.744.1.

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Background and objective Urban security is one of the important challenges for urban managers and planners. In this regard, the passive defense approach in urbanization and residential constructions is considered by urban management as a way to cope with natural and man-made disasters and manage the crisis. The present study aims to develop a conceptual model for the architectural compatibility of buildings in Eslamshahr County, Tehran, Iran, with passive defense principles by assessing the compatible and non-compatible elements to provide essential strategies. Method This is a quantitative-qualitative study. The participants were 30 experts in the field of urban security in Eslamshahr. The data analysis was done using statistical tests such as binominal test, one sample T-test, exploratory factor analysis, and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) technique. Results The results indicated that the constructions in Eslamshahr are not so compatible with the passive defense principles; the level of compatibility was low to moderate. Conclusion The conceptual model was based on four main categories, including stimulating factors, developing factors, leading factors, and supportive factors. The relations between these categories were set according to the structure of a car wheel, which can be the basis for using stable and safe architecture in constructions.

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Peri, Giorgia, Gianfranco Rizzo, Gianluca Scaccianoce et Giancarlo Sorrentino. « Role of Green Coverings in Mitigating Heat Island Effects : An Analysis of Physical Models ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (décembre 2012) : 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.251.

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Worldwide, governments are introducing several rules and standards in the aim of limiting the quantity of primary energy for air conditioning of buildings and supporting the use of renewable source of energy for generating thermal and electric energy to be utilized in buildings such as the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings [1]. Along with these interventions, another important action takes currently place in the building sector, that is the introduction of passive structural components of the envelope, able to reduce the requirements of energy for air conditioning purposes. Among these building components, the so-called green roofs are becoming more and more interesting for designer and buildings owners. This simple technical solution, in fact, apart its effectiveness in lowering particularly the summer cooling loads, could make more attractive the shape of each single building and, when adopted on a large extension, of an entire city district, reducing the risks for urban heat island phenomena that represent a severe problem in urban contexts. In this work, a short review of the literature models for computing the energy balance of roof coverings will be proposed, with particular reference in modelling the heat exchange of a canopy.

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Laszlo, Robert, Emilian Ghicioi, Florea Dinu, Calin Neagu et Dan Dubina. « Passive blast protection of buildings by ductile steel-based envelopes ». MATEC Web of Conferences 389 (2024) : 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202438900040.

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The growth of industrialization and the rapid expansion of densely populated urban areas have increased the risk caused by technological and man-made hazards. In particular, the accidental or intentional detonation of high explosives (e.g., improvised explosive devices IEDs), can cause damages to buildings and infrastructures and severe harm people. These risks can be minimized by a better planning, design, and construction, e.g., avoiding brittle construction materials, especially within the building envelope, and adopting more robust construction techniques. The study presented in the paper investigates the capacity of light steel-based wall panels to resist the effects of external explosions. The experimental results showed the ultimate capacity of the wall panels is strongly dependant on the initial design conditions and panel-to-structure fastening solution. A numerical model has been also calibrated using Etabs program.

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Diz-Mellado, Eduardo, Victoria Patricia López-Cabeza, Carlos Rivera-Gómez, Jorge Roa-Fernández et Carmen Galán-Marín. « Improving School Transition Spaces Microclimate to Make Them Liveable in Warm Climates ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 21 (29 octobre 2020) : 7648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217648.

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The so-called urban heat islands (UHI) is a thermal phenomenon characterized by higher air temperatures in the urban area than in rural surroundings. Vernacular passive strategies such as courtyards are proved to be useful to generate specific microclimates, especially in the warmer regions of the Earth. Courtyards increase the porosity of the cities, understanding porosity as building voids. Accordingly, their study will be fundamental in reducing the UHI effect by generating urban cooling microislands. This paper aims to analyze two passive strategies capable of modifying the thermal effect of radiation inside the courtyard of two school buildings: albedo and vegetation. In this regard, two case studies were assessed, both of them located in the city of Seville. Results show that the temperature in these spaces can vary up to 7 °C depending on the albedo, which confirms the importance of detecting an optimal albedo factor. In addition, data showed a significant increase in the thermal delta (TD), courtyard versus outdoor temperature, after the installation of a vegetal facade. Accordingly, both strategies will be fundamental in locations affected by climate change, especially considering that they are not only effective cooling strategies but also relatively easy to implement in the building’s refurbishment process.

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Shayegani, Aida, Viera Joklova et Juraj Illes. « Optimizing Windcatcher Designs for Effective Passive Cooling Strategies in Vienna’s Urban Environment ». Buildings 14, n^o 3 (12 mars 2024) : 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030765.

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Urban overheating, intensified by climate change, poses a critical challenge in Central European cities, witnessing a rise in tropical days. Conventional mechanical cooling systems in buildings significantly contribute to carbon dioxide emissions, exacerbating global warming. In response, windcatchers—traditional Iranian natural cooling systems—emerge as a promising sustainable solution for contemporary architecture, even in non-arid climates. This research aims to evaluate windcatchers’ efficacy in improving building thermal comfort in Central European climates, focusing on Vienna’s urban environment. This study identifies optimal windcatcher designs by analyzing key variables: height variation, inlet dimensions, urban exposure, Building Management System (BMS) temperature thresholds, and integration with an earth tube system using Design Builder simulation software version 6. The findings reveal that a windcatcher standing at 2.5 m tall, with inlet dimensions of 0.9 m by 1.4 m, in an open, less densely populated urban setting, and with open valves when indoor temperatures surpass 22 °C, demonstrates the most effective reduction in cooling load. Moreover, both one-sided and two-sided windcatchers outperform conventional ventilation through openings. Additionally, combining a one-sided windcatcher with an earth tube system ensures efficient cooling even when exterior temperatures exceed 25 degrees Celsius. When augmented by a heat pump, this integrated system can provide heated ventilation.

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Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut Acwin, Untung Rahardja, Narukullapati Bharath Kumar, Indrajit Patra, Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra, Yulia Finogenova, John William Grimaldo Guerrero, Samar Emad Izzat et Taif Alawsi. « An Analysis of Urban Block Initiatives Influencing Energy Consumption and Solar Energy Absorption ». Sustainability 14, n^o 21 (1 novembre 2022) : 14273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114273.

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Population growth and urbanization cause developing-country cities to create energy-intensive buildings. Building energy efficiency can be improved through active and passive solar design to reduce energy consumption, increase equipment efficiency, and utilize renewable energy, converting renewable energy into thermal energy or electricity. In this study, passive architecture was evaluated for both urban block and building energy usage. When reliable information and analysis of signs and parameters impacting energy consumption are available, designers and architects can evaluate and passively design a building with higher precision and an accurate picture of its energy consumption in the early stages of the design process. This article compares the location of Baku’s building mass to six climate-related scenarios. Three methodologies are used to determine how much solar energy the models utilize and the difference between annual heating and cooling energy consumption. The structure’s rotation has little effect on the energy utilized in most forms. Only east-west linear designs employ 6 to 4 kWh/m2 of area and are common. Most important is the building’s increased energy consumption, which can take several forms. The building’s westward rotation may be its most important feature. Any westward revolution requires more energy. Building collections together offers many benefits, including the attention designers and investors provide to all places. Having an integrated collection and a sense of community affects inhabitants’ later connections. Dictionary and encyclopedia entries include typology discoveries. These findings will inform future research and investigations. An architect must know a variety of qualities and organizations to define and segregate the environment because architecture relies heavily on the environment. This research involves analyzing the current situation to gain knowledge for future estimations. The present will determine the future.

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Pisello, Anna Laura. « Optic-Energy Performance of Innovative and Traditional Materials for Roof Covering in Commercial Buildings in Central Italy ». Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (janvier 2014) : 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.685.

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Innovative and traditional solutions for roof coating and urban paving are under development in order to study their effect both as passive cooling strategies for buildings and as effective tools for urban heat island mitigation. This paper deals with the optic-energy in-lab and numerical analysis of three materials used for roof covering and urban paving in Italy. Bitumen covering, cool painting and natural gravel covering are taken into account. Solar reflectance measurements shows that gravel optimize this property by more than 20% with respect to the bitumen covering of classic streets paving. The three materials are also evaluated in terms of roof covering in commercial buildings with flat roofs. Dynamic simulation results demonstrated that innovative cool membranes are able to optimize building year-round energy efficiency by 19.3%. Nevertheless, natural gravel covering produce important energy saving (15.6%) with respect to bitumen roof membrane configuration.

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Veršić, Zoran, Marin Binički et Mateja Nosil Mešić. « Passive Night Cooling Potential in Office Buildings in Continental and Mediterranean Climate Zone in Croatia ». Buildings 12, n^o 8 (10 août 2022) : 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081207.

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The envelope is one of the most important driving factors in the energy efficiency of buildings. Typical for office and commercial buildings, curtain wall facades allow solar heat gains to be used during the winter but can lead to difficulties in reducing the cooling load during summer. The cooling load is dominant in most building types in the temperate maritime climate, while in the temperate continental climate, it is dominant mainly in office and commercial buildings. The goal of this research was to determine the potential of night passive cooling in an office building model in the most populated urban areas in Croatia-Zagreb and Split, which are located in two different climate zones. Suitable to the climate on-site, an appropriate building envelope and various types of passive and mechanical ventilation systems were selected for each location and case. Additional factors included and analysed were climate conditions, heat gains, the heat accumulation of the building, night ventilation through openings, unwanted air infiltration, and cooling loads. Through a detailed description of the model, passive cooling potential calculations, and Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the results showed a potential of up to 43.5% savings in the cooling energy need for the temperate continental climate and 32.2% in the temperate marine climate. It was found from the analysis that night ventilation is expected to cool down the building enough to delay a need for cooling by several hours and improve fresh air requirements, thus saving power for cooling, and effectively reducing the need for air conditioning.

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Yao, Xingbo, Bart J. Dewancker, Yuang Guo, Shuo Han et Juan Xu. « Study on Passive Ventilation and Cooling Strategies for Cold Lanes and Courtyard Houses—A Case Study of Rural Traditional Village in Shaanxi, China ». Sustainability 12, n^o 20 (20 octobre 2020) : 8687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208687.

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China’s research on and specific implementation of energy saving for buildings are mainly concentrated in urban areas, but according to 2016 statistics, the rural population accounts for 42.65% of the total population, so rural housing has considerable energy-saving potential. However, the degree of attention to the energy consumption of rural houses needs to be improved. Regarding the research on and implementation of passive energy-saving strategies for residences, compared with centralized urban high-rise residences, rural residences mainly have independent courtyards, with a flexible layout and easier transformation. In this study, a system that uses the common cold lanes in traditional villages and buildings’ exterior walls was constructed, and the indoor spaces of courtyard buildings in southern Shaanxi were completely passively cooled in summer. This system can be completely separated from the supply of artificial energy by relying on the accumulation and buoyancy effects of air in patios and cold lanes and the hot-pressure ventilation in buildings to cool the buildings and greatly improve indoor ventilation efficiency. As the building is ventilated and cooled, the air wall formed in the system can effectively prevent direct contact between the outdoor and indoor temperatures and reduce the impact of thermal wall radiation on the interior. In previous studies on the passive design of courtyard houses, scholars considered the effect of thermal wall radiation on indoor temperature in simulations. Therefore, in this study, we also separately calculated whether to consider the difference between the situation with and without wall heat radiation (WHR) when simulating thermal conversion. The final results show that when the cooling system was adopted, the annual cooling load of the whole building was 4786.494 kW·h without WHR. However, with WHR, the cooling load reduction was 2989.128 kW·h, a difference of 1797.336 kW·h.

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Khalid, Asma. « Passive Design, Urban-Rural Architectural Morphology for Subtropics ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2020) : 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p376.

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Built environment is a function of man-made setting, surroundings, conditions which is the center of human activity in architectural places. The integration of nature into the built environment determines the urban or the rural form of settlements. The present research aims to specify architectural morphology of sub-tropical region through a case analysis of the situation in Pakistan. The field study analyses the existing housing stock in Pakistan, in urban settings and as a result of vernacular traditions in the villages. The paper identifies the regional characteristic behaviour of highland, lowland, coastal and arid region. It gives an overview of the current urban housing situation in Pakistan. It discusses the type of housing unit, the occupant behaviour, lifestyle of the people, It also identifies the pattern of energy used within the residential buildings of Pakistan. The architectural planning in urban and rural regions, their long term passive design techniques to cope with the climate challenges of a particular area have been discussed in detail. The paper recommend some contextual and adapted passive features of vernacular architecture in urban houses. Keywords: Architectural-morphology, Urban, Housing, Vernacular, Passive Design, Built Environment

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Baniassadi, Amir, David J. Sailor, E. Scott Krayenhoff, Ashley M. Broadbent et Matei Georgescu. « Passive survivability of buildings under changing urban climates across eight US cities ». Environmental Research Letters 14, n^o 7 (16 juillet 2019) : 074028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab28ba.

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Martzopoulou, Anastasia, Vasileios Firfiris et Thomas Kotsopoulos. « Application of urban passive cooling systems and design techniques in livestock buildings ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 410 (24 janvier 2020) : 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012029.

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Rosati, Andrea, Michele Fedel et Stefano Rossi. « NIR reflective pigments to mitigate the urban heat islands effect (UHIE) ». E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020) : 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017203006.

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For building applications, coatings are needed in order to obtain an attractive appearance and protection against the outdoor environments. Buildings are responsible for consumption of cooling energy. Cool coatings applied over buildings surface provide an effective solution for passive cooling of building indoors and influencing local outdoor microclimate, mitigating urban heat islands effect (UHIE). Cool coatings have to resistant to weathering and ageing. For this reason, we developed near infrared (NIR) reflective pigments with the aim to add in binder and obtaining a cool coating. A series of pigments displaying YIn0.9Mn0.1O3–ZnO stoichiometry was synthesized by sol-gel route. The dried gel precursor was calcined at different temperatures for 2h (650°C, 800°C and 850°C) to observe the formation of a light brown pigment and two different blue shades. Precursors and calcined final pigments were characterized by using physicochemical analyses. The colour of pigments was studied using CIE-2004 L*a*b* colorimetric method. The cooling effect of pigments and their thermal stability were confirmed by NIR reflectance measurements and TGA respectively.

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Li, Shenghan, et Lei Liu. « Social Benefit Evaluation of Passive Design of Green Buildings ». E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019) : 03047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803047.

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Passive design of green buildings has three benefits: economy, ecology and society. At present, there is no authoritative definition of social benefits at home and abroad, so it is very difficult to evaluate and measure. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, economic and sociological theories, 5 first-level indicators and 20 second-level indicators of social benefit evaluation system for passive design of green buildings are obtained. In addition, the structural equation model was built by “AMOS” to analyze and compare these influencing factors. The research results showed that: Among the five latent variables, Environmental Effect is the most significant, followed by Sustainability, Economic Development Potential, Overall Measurement and People Oriented. And there is a significant positive impact between the latent variables. Among the secondary indicators, “Urban environment”, “Enterprise investment environment”, “Ecological environment policy”, “Industrial scale and openness” and “Thermal comfort” are the main influencing indicators. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to provide reference for the evaluation of social benefit of related projects in the future.

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Prima, Yoka, et Sugini Prima. « Wind Catcher and Solar Chimney Integrated As An Alternative Ventilation For Urban Dense Settlements In Tropical Climate ». International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 3, n^o 1 (31 mars 2019) : 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v3i1.773.

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The high energy use for building operations in humid tropical climates is mostly used for operational mechanical ventilation such as air conditioning (AC) and fans. The use of large amounts of energy, especially fossil energy can reduce the quality of the environment, causing an increase in the temperature of the earth. Need more efforts for management of energy use by reducing fossil energy consumption. One effort that can be done is to replace mechanical production and utilize passive ventilation in buildings. this study is a literature review regarding the use of passive ventilation using a windcatcher integrated with solarc himneys. The use of windcatcher and the solar chimney is still very rare in Indonesia, but has the potential to solve thermal problems, especially in densely populated residential areas in cities that have the character of a humid tropical climate. The results of this study recommend criteria from windcatchers and soler chimney that might be applicable and adapt to the character of the urban humid tropical climate. Keyword: Wind Catcher, Solar chimney, Passive Ventilation, Urban Dense Settlements

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Orozco-Messana, Javier, Vicente Lopez-Mateu et Teresa M. Pellicer. « City Regeneration through Modular Phase Change Materials (PCM) Envelopes for Climate Neutral Buildings ». Sustainability 14, n^o 14 (20 juillet 2022) : 8902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148902.

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Climate change is driving urban development policies for nearly all cities, which are responsible for over 40% carbon emissions in the world. UN SDG 11 (“Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”) defines critical indicators focused on carbon footprint reduction through green policies and city heritage preservation. Urban regeneration should ensure climate comfort for citizens while enhancing legacy urban resilience. New solutions for urban regeneration such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) provide inexpensive energy adaption solutions by reducing peak thermal loads, and their market share is growing yearly by 16% (OECD market trends). However, these materials must be integrated into recyclable flexible building elements to ensure tailored responses to different seasons and climates. Modular PCM elements working together with Passive Haus techniques have demonstrated their flexibility. This paper presents a new, efficient, and sustainable modular solution for PCM-based building envelope regeneration projects implemented jointly with Passive Haus strategies and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) at street level. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is demonstrated though a simplified Digital Twin of the Benicalap neighbourhood in Valencia, Spain. The model simulates the climate evolution at the neighbourhood level, and can be used in any urban background to obtain a new carbon footprint which is then used as the main criterion for joint impact assessment of the proposed modular PCM-based building envelopes.

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Diz-Mellado, Eduardo, Carmen Galán-Marín et Carlos Rivera-Gómez. « Adaptive Comfort Criteria in Transitional Spaces. A Proposal for Outdoor Comfort ». Proceedings 38, n^o 1 (9 janvier 2020) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019038013.

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Urban Heat Island (UHI) as a combined consequence of global warming and the cities diameter increase, continues to be technological challenges today. Different passive strategies related to the buildings and cities architecture design imply energy demand reduction achieving. Architectural elements such as courtyards become extraordinarily significant as passive cooling systems. The research aims to establish patterns and values of adaptive comfort in transition spaces, reflected in the thermal regulation capacity of these buildings thanks to the morphology of the courtyards, contributing also to possible state strategies for action in favor of reducing the effects of climate change.

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Pisello, Anna Laura, et Federica Rosso. « Natural Materials for Thermal Insulation and Passive Cooling Application ». Key Engineering Materials 666 (octobre 2015) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.666.1.

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In this chapter a critical analysis about natural materials to enhance energy performance and thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor spaces is dealt with. In particular, thermal insulation and passive cooling application in buildings are analyzed. The physical properties permitting to achieve these benefits are presented, as well as the method and the international standards to measure them. Benefits deriving from these materials’ employment as insulation layers or buildings envelope in general of, or in the case of urban paving, are described and then the single materials are illustrated.Experimental and numerical data, as reported in the bibliography, support the dissertation with examples from the most recent research contributions.

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Dind, Aleksis, Sophie Lufkin et Emmanuel Rey. « A Modular Timber Construction System for the Sustainable Vertical Extension of Office Buildings ». Designs 2, n^o 3 (8 août 2018) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2030030.

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Most European cities are facing urban densification issues. In this context, a solution to create usable spaces without additional pressure on land consists in the vertical extension of existing buildings. Given their abundance in the building stock, tertiary buildings offer an important potential. The paper introduces the Working Space project, which aims to develop an innovative, modular and prefabricated timber construction system adapted to the vertical extension of existing office buildings. The dimensions of the system can be adjusted to a great variety of structural grids and allows for any new typological organisation. Based on the principles of bioclimatic architecture, the extension’s envelope provides high-performance insulation, a smart management of passive solar gains, natural ventilation and free cooling, but also offers large surfaces dedicated to photovoltaic energy production and urban biodiversity. The system is made up of eco-friendly, local materials with very low environmental impact. The project’s outcomes are presented at a variety of scales, from urban design to construction details, as well as the outputs of an extensive life cycle assessment including the induced mobility impacts. Finally, the paper introduces a first application of this innovative architectural concept, which is currently being completed in Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Aelenei, Laura, Daniel Aelenei, Helder Gonçalves, Roberto Lollini, Eike Musall, Alessandra Scognamiglio, Eduard Cubi et Massa Noguchi. « Design Issues for Net Zero-Energy Buildings ». Open House International 38, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2013) : 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2013-b0002.

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Net Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEBs) have received increased attention in recent years as a result of constant concerns about energy supply constraints, decreasing energy resources, increasing energy costs and the rising impact of greenhouse gases on world climate. Promoting whole building strategies that employ passive measures together with energy efficient systems and technologies using renewable energy became a European political strategy following the publication of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast in May 2010 by the European Parliament and Council. However designing successful NZEBs represents a challenge because the definitions are somewhat generic while assessment methods and monitoring approaches remain under development and the literature is relatively scarce about the best sets of solutions for different typologies and climates likely to deliver an actual and reliable performance in terms of energy balance (consumed vs generated) on a cost-effective basis. Additionally the lessons learned from existing NZEB examples are relatively scarce. The authors of this paper, who are participants in the IEA SHC Task 40-ECBCS Annex 52, “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”, are willing to share insights from on-going research work on some best practice leading NZEB residential buildings. Although there is no standard approach for designing a Net Zero-Energy Building (there are many different possible combinations of passive and efficient active measures, utility equipment and on-site energy generation technologies able to achieve the net-zero energy performance), a close examination of the chosen strategies and the relative performance indicators of the selected case studies reveal that it is possible to achieve zero-energy performance using well known strategies adjusted so as to balance climate driven-demand for space heating/cooling, lighting, ventilation and other energy uses with climate-driven supply from renewable energy resources.

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Niama, Duaa Faal, et Ghada Mohammed Kammou. « The Effect of Cool Roofs on the Achieving of Energy Conservation with the Administrative Building Spaces ». Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2020) : 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.3.012.

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The world has gone beyond the realization that fossil fuels are a depleted energy source, that the earth is going through a global warming phase, and that it is important to find the necessary energy alternatives, with the least environmental impact, and to address energy consumption in the building sector in particular. Passive systems and their use, or combined with effective systems. due to the dependence of the Iraqi urban environment on the electricitySignificantly and the source of fossil fuel, it is important to find suitable solutions, especially in the summer because of high temperatures and increased drought, by taking advantage of the experiences of countries within this scope, and applied to buildings , Because the roof is the main source of thermal gain inside the buildings it is necessary to take the systems of cool roofs, which is a passive system in the roofing of buildings, contribute to improving the internal environment and achieve the thermal comfort of the occupants, the research problem was:"There is no clear conception of the possibility of applying cool roof systems in the local administrative buildings" and The objective of the research is to" clarify the importance of achieving the concept of conservation of energy and improve thermal performance through the application of cool roof systems in the administrative buildings in the urban environment of Iraq with a hot- dry climate, "and then ensure the research Two aspects,first one:The concept of thermal performance and conservation of energy in administrative buildings and the way of achieving energy conservation using cool roofs, while the practical side included: the handling of several global experiences of sustainable administrative buildings used cool roofs and indicate the impact of this system on the efficiency of thermal performance, The research concluded that it is possible to apply cool roofs in claimte of Iraq (hot-dry) because the cool roof has the ability to reflect a large amount of solar radiation falling on the surface of the roof, thereby reducing the thermal gain of the building and improve the thermal performance of the administrative building envelope, and as a result achieved Save energy within its spaces

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Schiano-Phan, Rosa. « Environmental retrofit : building integrated passive cooling in housing ». Architectural Research Quarterly 14, n^o 2 (juin 2010) : 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135510000758.

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As the existing housing stock ages throughout Europe, retrofitting offers many opportunities for the substantial improvement of the energy performance of residential buildings and the provision of sustainable alternatives to conventional heating and cooling. The effect of global warming is leading to a widespread use of air conditioning in existing and new residential buildings. This potentially implies an increase in cooling energy and adverse environmental effects on an unprecedented scale. In the hot and dry climate of many south European cities, this could be avoided with the use of an innovative wall integrated passive evaporative cooling system, which harnesses air, water and porous ceramic to provide comfortable indoor conditions. Dr Rosa Schiano-Phan discusses the applicability of such a system to the urban context of Seville in the light of the current Spanish regulatory framework and recent developments of European energy performance standards.

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Han, Ru Bing, Zhi Mao Xu, En Shen Long et Yan Wang. « A Study on the Energy-Saving Reconstruction of the Roof of Existing Building ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (août 2013) : 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.440.

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The energy-saving reconstruction for the existing building is very important for the large number of existing buildings in China. The energy-saving reconstruction in the roof is the key of the building energy-saving construction, and also the inevitable way for improving the urban heat island effect and comfort of the top-floor rooms. The energy-saving roof can be divided into two types including passive cooling and proactive cooling. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the two types before coming up with the ways and expectation for the energy-saving construction of the existing building roof.

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Generalova, Elena, Victor Generalov et Anna Kuznetsova. « INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES OF BIOCLIMATICAL HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ». Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (15 juin 2017) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2641.

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The paper examines innovative and promising trends in in the design of high-rise buildings that challenge traditional typologies and are adapted for specific climatic conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate modern methods of designing building envelopes for bioclimatic skyscrapers taking into account heat impact of climate on the thermal balance of buildings. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of advanced world experience in constructing innovative buildings, "conquering" climate. The paper provides the basic principles of bioclimatic architecture. The issues of buildings’ forms and modes are considered. The authors analyze the efficiency of using double facades in different climatic conditions with account of their interaction with other technological, constructive and planning elements, such as "solar chimney", passive and active solar control systems, landscaping, intelligence control systems of temperature and humidity conditions in premises and buildings, etc. The paper highlights that unique objects of bioclimatic skyscrapers are moving now into new typologies of buildings and help form dense, comfortable and convenient urban environment using natural resources effectively. The research shows how prospects and relevance of a systemic approach to introducing the related and interdependent projects for energy saving activities at all levels, starting from town-planning and architectural models, and ending with engineering and constructive solutions.

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Cao, Jun, et Ye Lin. « Sustainable City Growth New Models for the Post-Industrial City ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (février 2014) : 2778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2778.

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This paper reports on research in the area of Green Urbanism and new models for urban growth and neighborhoods, as cities need to transform from a fossil-based model to a model based on sustainable energy sources. The paper deals with cross-cutting issues in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design and addresses the question of how we can best cohesively integrate all aspects of energy systems, transport systems, waste and water management, passive and active strategies, natural ventilation and so on, into contemporary urban design of Eco-Cities with an improved environmental performance of cities. This text reflects upon practical strategies focused on increasing sustainability beyond and within the scope of individual buildings and provides a context for a general discourse about the regeneration of the city centre, its transformation to a sustainable model, and discusses how urbanism is affected (and can be expected to be even more affected in future) by the paradigms of ecology. Recent examples for the application of such urban design principles are the two proposals for the Australian city of Newcastle: the City Campus and Port City projects. These case studies illustrate that it is less environmentally damaging to stimulate growth within the established city centre rather than sprawling into new, formerly un-built areas. Three steps from passive building design to active mechanical equipment. The designer needs to take full advantage of basic, passive building strategies first, before adding mechanical active equipment. Motto: More with less. The entire urban metabolism is based on energy supply. However, a new symbiosis between countryside and city is emerging: The century-old tension between rural and urban might finally get resolved, where the city stops to grow at the expense of its rural hinterland.

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Bocheński, Stanisław, Anna Bocheńska-Skałecka et Tadeusz Kuczyński. « Energy-Efficient Shaping of Contemporary Buildings and Their Surroundings as an Essential Element of Modernization of Built-Up Areas ». Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 21, n^o 2 (1 juin 2016) : 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2016-0016.

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Abstract A comprehensive design of a building along with the development of a surrounding land may counterbalance the tendency of housing estates comprising houses built on the basis of “ready-made projects” - which have no references to the existing urban tissue and which do not create a new one. In the first place, the energy intensity of buildings using the so-called passive methods should be lowered, and only then active systems should be applied, considering economic balance. The problem should be considered from two different perspectives i.e. for intensively and for less urbanised areas. The article results in the formulation of guidelines for energy-efficient modernization of contemporary buildings and their surroundings.

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Çamaş, Nurdan Çağla, et Mediha Burcu Sılaydın Aydın. « Impact of Different Morphological Characteristics of Residential Areas on Wind Movement : Case Study of Karşıyaka (Izmir) ». European Journal of Research and Development 2, n^o 2 (7 juin 2022) : 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/ejrnd.v2i2.78.

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Cities are warmer than their surrounding rural areas due to the urban heat island effect. The heat island effect occurs in urbanized areas in which structures such as buildings and roads are highly concentrated and green cover is limited. Extreme heat waves resulting from climate change also cause temperature increases in the urban environment. In addition, the urban heat island effect negatively affects the comfort of individuals living in cities and increases the amount of energy required for cooling, especially in warm climate regions. To reduce both the urban heat island effect and the need for cooling, it is necessary to consider wind movement during the urban planning process. Within this context, it is vital that spatial development decisions allow planned building groups to benefit from natural ventilation opportunities. The morphological features of buildings directly affect the available opportunities to use wind energy for passive cooling in urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which morphological parameters affect the building-wind relationship. This study presents an analysis of wind simulations made by modeling selected examples of actual residential areas to determine the effects of different morphological features on wind movement. Twelve residential areas located in the Karşıyaka District of İzmir Province were determined for analysis due to their distinct morphological characteristics. The results of the study revealed that the parameters that affect wind movement in urban areas are the array of the buildings, their density, the distances between them, their floor area ratio, and their height. With regard to the provision of wind movement, it was found that the detached housing type is the most advantageous for hot climate zones. In addition, increasing the distances between structures was found to have a positive effect on natural ventilation. However, when viewed at the scale of residential areas, building heights on wind movements in the residential areas depends on the other two parameters. The simulations created for this study show that all morphological features of the building group under analysis affect wind movement, both separately and in combination.

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Trepci, Esra, Praveen Maghelal et Elie Azar. « Urban built context as a passive cooling strategy for buildings in hot climate ». Energy and Buildings 231 (janvier 2021) : 110606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110606.

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Pisello, Anna Laura, Veronica Lucia Castaldo, Federico Rossi et Franco Cotana. « Cool Clay Tiles in Italian Residential Districts : Investigation of the Coupled Thermal-Energy and Environmental Effects ». International Journal of Environmental Science & ; Sustainable Development. 1, n^o 1 (14 décembre 2016) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v1i1.25.

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Passive strategies for environmental sustainability and energy reduction in the construction industry are becoming increasingly important in, both, the scientific community and the industrial world. Particularly, cool roofs demonstrate acknowledged contribution in cooling energy saving and reducing urban overheating such as urban heat island. Additionally, high albedo strategy has shown promising benefits from a global perspective by counteracting global warming measured by means of CO2eq emission offset. In this view, the present research work combines experimental, numerical, and analytical analysis approaches to measure the impact on energy and the environment from the application of cool clay tiles over the roof of a residential buildings located in central Italy, consistently monitored since 2010. The purposeful investigation demonstrated a consistent CO2 emission compensation of more than 700 tons, 15% of which is produced by the passive cooling contribution of buildings and climate mitigation techniques. The work, therefore, indicated that local energy saving strategies must be combined with larger scale models for performing an exhaustive environmental analysis.

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Sharifi, Mohsen, Mohammad Haris Shamsi, Yixiao Ma et Dirk Lauwaet. « Quantification of the impact of global warming on summer overheating risk in a residential building in urban areas in Belgium ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2600, n^o 9 (1 novembre 2023) : 092016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/9/092016.

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Abstract Climate change has resulted in an increase of average outdoor temperature worldwide. With the rise of average outdoor temperature and unprecedented frequent heat waves, the demand for cooling systems in residential buildings has risen even in countries such as Belgium with moderate climates. However, there is a trade-off to consider when it comes to cooling. While active cooling methods can effectively maintain thermal comfort, they also come with excessive energy use in comparison to passive cooling techniques. However, passive cooling methods can lead to thermal discomfort and health issues during heat waves. To better understand this balancing act, this paper uses building energy simulation together with the measured current and accurately projected future climate data with high spatial resolution to investigate and quantify the potential for overheating in a selected residential representative building in the Flemish region of Belgium. Optimal solutions for renovation of the building are investigated including a variety of weather scenarios to account for climate change and to provide future-proof solutions. Results indicate that the renovation strategy is not affected by climate change for this case study. High insulation level with passive cooling strategy provided minimum energy use and acceptable summer overheating below 100 hours for this case study. Active cooling with medium and light renovation measures come with acceptable thermal comfort while also result in higher total energy use up to 53%.

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Cruz, Marcos, et Richard Beckett. « Bioreceptive design : a novel approach to biodigital materiality ». Architectural Research Quarterly 20, n^o 1 (mars 2016) : 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000130.

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Today, at a time of unprecedented urban development, there is urgency to improve the environmental quality of cities. The present ‘greening’ of urban spaces is an ongoing response to a dirty industrial past and present, with a drive to transform cities to have better air and water, more tree-lined streets and open parks. But the amount of urban public green space varies massively between cities around the world and increasing this, or designing for it, is a particular challenge where there is pressure for space, resources, and development. The architectural fabric itself – building envelopes, roofs, and façades – has been targeted as an opportunity for additional greening. A number of strategies integrating vegetation and other photosynthetic systems onto buildings have been developed, which provide passive climatic control as well as aiding storm-water management and creating new ecological habitat, in addition to lowering atmospheric CO2. However, ‘green walls’, where plants and foliage are grown on the sides of buildings as a kind of secondary skin, have been less successful and have proven expensive to implement. Maintenance costs are significant due to the need to overcome gravity, primarily through mechanical irrigation.

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Bueno, B., G. Pigeon, L. K. Norford et K. Zibouche. « Development and evaluation of a building energy model integrated in the TEB scheme ». Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, n^o 4 (15 novembre 2011) : 2973–3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-2973-2011.

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Abstract. The use of air-conditioning systems is expected to increase as a consequence of global-scale and urban-scale climate warming. In order to represent future scenarios of urban climate and building energy consumption, the Town Energy Budget (TEB) scheme must be improved. This paper presents a new building energy model (BEM) that has been integrated in the TEB scheme. BEM-TEB makes it possible to represent the energy effects of buildings and building systems on the urban climate and to estimate the building energy consumption at city scale (~10 km) with a resolution of a neighbourhood (~100 m). The physical and geometric definition of buildings in BEM has been intentionally kept as simple as possible, while maintaining the required features of a comprehensive building energy model. The model considers a single thermal zone, where the thermal inertia of building materials associated with multiple levels is represented by a generic thermal mass. The model accounts for heat gains due to transmitted solar radiation, heat conduction through the enclosure, infiltration, ventilation, and internal heat gains. As a difference with respect to other building parameterizations used in urban climate, BEM includes specific models for real air-conditioning systems. It accounts for the dependence of the system capacity and efficiency on indoor and outdoor air temperatures and solves the dehumidification of the air passing through the system. Furthermore, BEM includes specific models for passive systems, such as window shadowing devices and natural ventilation. BEM has satisfactorily passed different evaluation processes, including testing its modelling assumptions, verifying that the chosen equations are solved correctly, and validating the model with field data.

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Amrullah, Amrullah, Erniati Erniati et Muhammad Chaerul. « BUILDING PROTECTION DESIGN IN FIRE HAZARD PREVENTION (CASE STUDY : FAJAR UNIVERSITY BUILDING (UNIFA) MAKASSAR) ». astonjadro 11, n^o 1 (16 décembre 2021) : 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v11i1.5669.

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<p>The growth and arrangement of existing buildings are sometimes not balanced with the readiness of building and urban infrastructure. The main danger of fire for humans is poisoning due to inhalation of smoke, about 75% of human deaths in burning buildings are caused by smoke, about 25% of deaths are caused by heat generated by fire. To carry out the functions and uses, the building consists of several systems, the system consists of sub-systems that form integrally in a single unit. Fire prevention is one of the building systems, which aims to save lives. Fire prevention is one aspect of building safety. To find out and assess the level of reliability of a building against fire hazards, a problem formulation is formulated, namely How to design a fire prevention analysis that can be applied to buildings. The conclusion that can be drawn regarding the design of a fire prevention inspection system and its application is, the design of a building reliability inspection system in fire prevention is one of the tools in assessing and inspecting buildings for fire prevention measures in buildings. Inspection of building reliability in fire prevention is carried out at the smallest level or on building components, can provide a more detailed assessment/inspection of the fire prevention system, Assessment of Rescue Means Components, Assessment of Active Protection Components, Passive Protection Assessment Means.</p>

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Guattari, Claudia, Luca Evangelisti, Francesco Asdrubali et Roberto De Lieto Vollaro. « Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Performance of a Green Roof ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 5 (4 mars 2020) : 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051767.

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In the building sector, both passive and active systems are essential for achieving a high-energy performance. Considering passive solutions, green roofs represent a sustainable answer, allowing buildings to reach energy savings, and also reducing the collateral effect of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. In this study, a roof-lawn system was investigated by means of an extended measurement campaign, monitoring the heat transfer across the roof. Heat-flow meters and air- and surface-temperature probes were applied in a real building, in order to compare the performance of the roof-lawn system with a conventional roof. This experimental approach was followed to quantify the different thermal behaviors of the building components. Moreover, an equivalent thermal model of the roof-lawn system was studied, in order to obtain the equivalent thermal properties of the roof, useful for setting building models for yearly energy simulations. The roof-lawn system revealed its advantages, showing a higher thermal inertia with no overheating in summertime and a lower thermal transmittance with energy savings in wintertime, and, consequently, better indoor conditions for the occupants of the building.

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Habitzreuter, Leonardo, Stefan Thor Smith et Trevor Keeling. « Modelling the overheating risk in an uniform high-rise building design with a consideration of urban context and heatwaves ». Indoor and Built Environment 29, n^o 5 (25 juin 2019) : 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19856400.

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Overheating in buildings is one of the increasing concerns related to climate change and can lead to an increase in heat-related health issues and higher energy consumption due to the use of air conditioning systems. Literature shows that internal conditions and demand on environmental control systems can vary with height within buildings. However, an architectural trend towards highly glazed façades for tall buildings suggests the vertical gradient of performance is not always considered in the design process. By simulating a high-rise residential building in London, a comparative analysis of the overheating risks and daylighting at different levels in the building was conducted. In this study the model was able to consider the influence of surrounding built environment on solar gain and so influence of urban location on overheating risk was taken into account. Simulations were conducted using typical reference years as well as meteorological data for specific heat-wave periods experienced in London and that are expected to become more intense and frequent due to climate change. Passive mitigation options (external shading) are demonstrated to help reduce overheating occurrence by 74%, at the same time the impact of decreased daylighting (30%) is less problematic at higher levels where daylight factor is greater.

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Lin, Hankun, Shi Yin, Chao Xie et Yaoguang Lin. « Research-Integrated Pedagogy with Climate-Responsive Strategies : Vernacular Building Renovation Design ». Buildings 12, n^o 9 (23 août 2022) : 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091294.

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Following the rapid development and urbanization in China over recent decades, sustainable renovation of urban residences has become an important issue. This study aimed to develop an architectural teaching program integrating the study of local climate, vernacular buildings, climate-responsive design strategies, and simulation tools. A local house in a high-density neighborhood in Guangzhou, China, in a hot-humid climate area was selected for renovation in this teaching program. Investigations of the urban neighborhood development, the construction and climate-responsive characteristics of the vernacular houses, long-term thermal environment characteristics, and sustainable design strategies were conducted before the design project began. The guidelines of Active House combining passive strategies and active technologies were incorporated into the concept design. The students’ works represented their understanding of the characteristics of a hot-humid climate, responsive strategies for the local buildings, preliminary methodologies of micro-climate analysis, and technologies supporting sustainable building design. Thus, this program provided a valuable approach to the appropriate pedagogy for a research-integrated design studio within the context of sustainable architectural education development.

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