Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Party professionalization »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Party professionalization"
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Vliegenthart, Rens. « The Professionalization of Political Communication ? A Longitudinal Analysis of Dutch Election Campaign Posters ». American Behavioral Scientist 56, no 2 (21 novembre 2011) : 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419488.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article provides an analysis of Dutch election posters in the period from 1946 to 2006. Based on the literature on the professionalization of political communication, several hypotheses are formulated regarding changes in textual and visual elements of those posters. These hypotheses focus on over-time changes in the presence and prominence of the party leader and party logo’s as well as references to specific political issues and ideology in these posters. In total, 225 posters for 23 parties in 19 elections are analyzed. Results reveal that changes in visual elements are in line with the hypotheses, with an increased use of party logo, an increasing presence and prominence of the party leader, and a decreasing focus on ideology. The textual parts of the posters, however, show no or opposite trends. The results call for a more nuanced scientific treatment of the consequences of the professionalization of political communication and demonstrate the necessity to analyze both visual and textual elements of political parties’ communication.
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Lynch, Peter. « Professionalization, new technology and change in a small party : The case of the Scottish National Party ». British Elections and Parties Yearbook 6, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13689889608412981.
Texte intégral
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Green-Pedersen, Christoffer, et Karina Kosiara-Pedersen. « Continuity and change : The Danish party system ». Politica 52, no 3 (9 octobre 2020) : 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v52i3.130816.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The landslide election of 1973 could have been the beginning of the end for the Danish party system established with the introduction of parliamentary democracy. “Crisis” was written all over it. However, almost fifty years later, there is a continuity within the Danish party system that is possibly unexpected in light of the drastic changes in 1973. The core of the Danish party system remains the same. New parties have been established; some have been successful additions, some have waned. New issues have been added to the political agenda, but the competition for government power between a left-wing and a right-wing bloc remains the structuring principle of the Danish party system. Party organizations have lost traditional party membership but thrive as organizations on public financing and professionalization. Continuity and change characterize the Danish party system since the landslide election; also in the last 25 years, on which this article focuses.
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Bentancur, Verónica Pérez, Rafael Piñeiro Rodríguez et Fernando Rosenblatt. « Efficacy and the Reproduction of Political Activism : Evidence From the Broad Front in Uruguay ». Comparative Political Studies 52, no 6 (22 octobre 2018) : 838–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414018806528.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The professionalization of politics and the disappearance of party organizations based on activists seems an inescapable trend. This article shows, by studying the Broad Front of Uruguay as a deviant case, the relevance of organizational rules for explaining the reproduction of party activism. Using data from both an online survey of people differing in their levels of engagement with the Broad Front and in-depth interviews with party activists, we show that those with relatively low levels of engagement—“adherents”—and activists differ in their willingness to cooperate with the party and in the time they devote to party activities. Also, we find that reducing the perceived efficacy of political engagement strongly decreases activists’ self-reported willingness to engage with the party, while this reduction has no effect upon adherents. These findings suggest that the design of organizational rules that grant a political role to grassroots organizers can promote party activism.
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Shambaugh, David. « Civil-Military Relations in China : Party-Army or National Military ? » Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 16 (10 mars 2002) : 10–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v16i0.3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines the changing dynamics of relations between the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It argues that
while the PLA remains politically loyal to the CCP, there is evidence of important
changes in the institutional relationship between the two institutions. The partyarmy
relationship is no longer as intertwined and symbiotic as it has historically
been; rather, this article argues that there is evidence of a 'bifurcation' between the
two. The catalysts for this change have been the professionalization and relative
depoliticization of the military, as well as the leadership transition in the CCP.
These changes raise important and central issues for the future of Chinese politics.*
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Shea, Daniel M. « The Development of State Legislative Campaign Committees : A Second Look ». American Review of Politics 15 (1 juillet 1994) : 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1994.15.0.213-234.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the most important recent developments in state politics has been the rapid emergence of legislative campaign committees (LCCs), now found in 40 states. A persistent theme in the literature is that the growth of these new organizations has been directly linked to party decline. More specifically, as traditional party organizations failed to respond to changing environmental conditions. LCCs were created. The analysis presented here rejects the functionalist perspective and argues that their development has occurred independent of party dynamics, and perhaps as a response to strengthening state party committees. Legislative professionalization is found to be the most telling exogenous variable, suggesting a good deal about LCC activities and goals. Contrary to expectations, these powerful organizations may not be interested in or capable of performing many of the functions historically undertaken by traditional party organizations.
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Law, Randall D. « Progressive Educators and the Professionalization of Educational Research in the USSR, 1917-1927 ». Canadian–American Slavic Studies 47, no 2 (2013) : 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04702004.
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This article examines the efforts made by Soviet progressive educators to accommodate themselves to the new Soviet government and the consequences thereof. Russia’s pre-revolutionary progressive education community sought to indirectly transform state and society by encouraging the creation of “schools of citizenship” that would educate all – regardless of class, creed, and gender – for lives of “harmonious development” and active engagement. Bolshevik victory in 1917 presented progressive educators with an ironic dilemma: the party that most progressives rejected as coarse, violent, and undemocratic embraced their ideas with a passion and energy unseen from every previous government. Could progressive educators work for such a benefactor? They could and they did, in great numbers. But to distance themselves from a ruling party they disdained, progressives wrapped themselves in the language of professionalism and retreated into self-contained institutes, governmental bureaucracies, and experimental schools. These developments warped the content of Russian progressive education, distanced progressives from the schools they sought to transform, and hastened the demise of educational progressivism in the Soviet Union. This article makes extensive use of archival documents, published primary sources, and both Russian and English-language secondary sources.
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Hung, Chang-tai. « The Dance of Revolution : Yangge in Beijing in the Early 1950s ». China Quarterly 181 (mars 2005) : 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005000056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Yangge is a popular rural dance in north China. In the Yan'an era (1936–47) the Chinese Communist Party used the art form as a political tool to influence people's thinking and to disseminate socialist images. During the early years of the People's Republic of China, the Communists introduced a simpler form of yangge in the cities. In three major yangge musicals performed in Beijing, the Party attempted to construct “a narrative history through rhythmic movements” in an effort to weave the developments of the Party's history into a coherent success story, affirming various themes: the support of the people, the valour of the Red Army, the wise leadership of the Party and the country's bright future. However, urban yangge's simplicity as an art form, the professionalization of art troupes, the nation's increasing exposure to a variety of alternative dance forms and, worse still, stifling government control all contributed to the rapid decline of this art form in urban China.
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Gheboianu, Matei. « The Evolution of the Faculty of History at University of Bucharest (1970-1989). Case Study : A look into the professionalization of history graduates through the analysis of study programmes ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia 65, no 2 (26 mai 2021) : 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2020.2.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
"The Evolution of the Faculty of History at University of Bucharest (1970-1989). Case Study: A look into the professionalization of history graduates through the analysis of study programmes. In this article I will analyse the evolution of the Faculty of History within the University of Bucharest from 1970-1989, from the perspective of the admission process, the changes that have occurred among the study programs, the number of students and the provision of the skills necessary for graduates to become good professionals in the domain. Keywords: history, history-philosophy, students, education, Romanian Communist Party "
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Xu, Songtao, Zhifang Zhou et Ke Liu. « Multi-Evolutionary Game Research on Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Soil : Based on a Third-Party Perspective ». Sustainability 12, no 13 (30 juin 2020) : 5306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135306.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The introduction of third-party governance models for the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution has promoted the marketization, professionalization, and efficiency of pollution treatment, but also can result in distortions of relevant stakeholder relationships and conflicts of interest. The game relationship among the government, soil-polluting companies, and third-party governance companies may solve the practical dilemma of comprehensive management of soil heavy metal pollution and establish a good cooperative mechanism. We constructed a three-party evolutionary game model to analyze the interaction mechanism of each agent’s strategy choice as well as the evolution of each agent’s strategy choice under different parameter trends and simulation analyses. The research showed that the amount of fines and supervision costs, rent-seeking costs and governance costs, and government subsidies and rent-seeking benefits were key factors affecting the evolution and stability strategies of government departments, soil-polluting companies, and third-party governance companies. By cooperating with third-party governance companies, the government can effectively suppress the improper behavior of soil-polluting companies. The conclusions of the study are helpful to broaden the research boundary of soil heavy metal pollution treatment and provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution in China.
Thèses sur le sujet "Party professionalization"
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DE, VITIS MICHELE GIULIO. « Party patronage in parliament : the Italian experience ». Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201106.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Party patronage is a recent notion in the literature. Often confused with clientelism, corruption and other distributive practices, it has to do with the cartel party (ideal) type and the party-state relationships, providing new and alternative resource for the parties. Defined as the power of party to appoint people in public and semi-public life, patronage also occurs in parliamentary arena, far from the governmental sphere within the bureaucracy and the public administration. This dissertation aims at investigating parliamentary patronage as a job distributive process, individuating the factors that shape this exchange relationship between collective and individual patrons and clients. The empirical research focused on the Italian experience finds that parliamentary patronage works both as an organizational and post-electoral resource. From the qualitative survey addressed through conversational interviews to more than sixty parliamentary patrons and organizers in the last two terms, three main trends emerge: when patrons are represented by collective bodies as the parliamentary group, party networks and allegiance matter -though not excessively- in the distribution of patronage resources, but combined with professional criteria, especially at top level; when individual patrons hold internal institutional offices and distribute jobs related to that office, they are likely to look more at personal networks in selecting their ‘clients’; the control function of patronage, stressed in previous studies about the phenomenon, fades making room for organizational and functional patronage.
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Andersson, Anton, et Jonatan Westin. « From party soldier to real journalist : Professional identity and media systems in transition ». Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Communication, Media and it, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3091.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper concerns East German journalists and the changes they have undergone, from working in the totalitarian regime of GDR to enter a western liberal media system. The purpose is to study how professional identity is created in a controlled and authoritarian media system, and how this identity and the journalistic values changes in a transition phase. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with six former East German journalists, who all has worked as journalists after the wall broke down, we are exploring how their journalistic values and the conception of their profession has changed during this tumultuous time. We selected journalists with experience of working in both East Germany and united Germany to be able to see these changes. The result shows that the journalists from GDR used an inner opposition, both to survive the dictatorship and to adapt to the new reality. This means that their level of professionalization, despite the fact that they lived under oppression, was relatively high. In between these two systems a journalistic vacuum occurred which show that a different, more democratic, way of organizing the press is possible. In this vacuum the values of the journalists could be expressed in a way that wasn’t possible in GDR, nor in united Germany.
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Matsson, Matthias. « "Vad bör göras" : Hur partibunden vänsterpress verkar inom det samtida svenska mediesystemet ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores how three socialist newspapers tie in to the Swedish media system and – presumably – is influenced by it. The newspapers have each strong connection to three political parties, so the precise aim of thesis is therefore to examine the independence between the party and its media; and how strongly it can bee defined as Swedish party press in a more traditional sense. The analysed material consists of six qualitative interviews with two co – workers from each paper: including the editors in chief.The basis is partly Kai Kronvalls et al theories surrounding Swedish party press; because the thesis explores how the papers supposedly has changed. And partly theories based on the assumption that media is always reflected by the social and political structure to which it operates. The latter theories have in turned outlined ’press theories’ (Four Theories of the Press) for which it is said that the media is a base of and, more recently, models of how the media works in western countries as a whole (Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini).The thesis showed some difference between how each newspaper can be defined as party press, but in general the independence was weak. This can be explained with how the Swedish media culture in particular has conserved press affiliated with separate (political) groups.
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Theviot, Anaïs. « Mobiliser et militer sur Internet : reconfiguration des organisations partisanes et du militantisme au Parti Socialiste et à l'Union pour un Mouvement Populaire ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0231.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La campagne pour l’élection présidentielle de 2012 a été marquée par le rôle majeur joué par Internet pour s’informer, débattre en ligne, mobiliser ou organiser l’action militante sur le terrain. Ce recours au numérique invite à questionner, sous un nouveau jour, des thématiques centrales de l’étude des partis politiques et à contribuer ainsi au débat sur les transformations partisanes, au niveau de l’organisation, mais aussi des acteurs qui s’y insèrent et l’utilisent. Cette étude comparative interroge les processus de recrutement des membres des équipes de campagne, les relations entre médias et professionnels de la communication politique, ainsi que les évolutions du militantismeThe 2012 French presidential campaign was marked by the Internet's prominent role in providing information, debating on-line, mobilizing, and organizing activists in the field. This turn to digital tools allows for a reexamination of central themes in the study of political parties, thereby contributing to the debate on party transformations in terms of organization as well as actors who get involved and use the tools. This comparative study examines the recruitment of campaign team members, relations between the media and political communications professionals, as well as changes in political activism
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Degrave, Philippe. « Le parti des travailleurs brésilien : de son émergence à la conquête du Planalto (1979 - 2002) ». Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD005/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le Parti des Travailleurs brésilien constitue une expérience marquante de construction d’un parti de gauche et de masse. Quand il nait en 1980, beaucoup se posent la question de sa nature. En 2002, quand Lula devient président du Brésil, cette question ne mérite sans doute plus la même réponse. Le PT s’est bureaucratisé, institutionnalisé et professionnalisé. Il a connu une sorte de social-démocratisation accélérée. L’étude part des spécificités du mouvement ouvrier, du syndicalisme et de la dictature (1964-1985) au Brésil. Le PT nait en 1979-80, de grandes luttes sociales, autour des syndicalistes « authentiques » (dont Lula) ; de la gauche catholique ; de militants d’extrême gauche; de l’intelligentsia de gauche ; des élus « progressistes ». Dès ses débuts, le parti s’implante dans la classe ouvrière industrielle, le secteur tertiaire (banques en particulier), les quartiers populaires, et une partie des campagnes. Le PT des années 1980 est militant, dans l’opposition sociale et politique. Après l’élection présidentielle de 1989, ratée de peu par Lula, le PT change : l’opposition parlementaire remplace la rupture; des dirigeants professionnels laissent moins de place à la base militante ; l’antilibéralisme se substitue à l’anticapitalisme; les alliances s’étendent toujours plus au centre. Jusqu’à 2001, le PT reste opposé aux politiques néolibérales. Mais le grand tournant aura lieu avec la campagne présidentielle de 2002. Le programme du parti connait une « dé-radicalisation » progressive, étudiée à travers cinq aspects significatifs du socialisme pétiste. L’étude des contenus et des styles de 4 campagnes présidentielles, de 1989 à 2002, complète ces conclusionsThe Brazilian Workers’ Party (PT) is an outstanding experience of a left-wing mass party. When it was born in 1980, many people wondered about its nature. In 2002, when Lula became the President of Brazil, this question did not deserve the same answer. The PT became bureaucratic, institutional and professional, experiencing a sort of accelerated Social-Democratization. As its starting point, this study takes the specificities of labour movement, trade unionism and the dictatorship (1964-1985) in Brazil. The PT originated in 1979-80 from mass social struggles around “authentic” trade unionists (such as Lula), left-wing Catholics, far-left activists, the left-wing intelligentsia and some “progressive” elected representatives. From the outset, the party established itself among the industrial working class, the tertiary sector (particularly the banking sector); in working-class neighbourhoods and some rural areas. The PT in the 1980s was militant, in the social and political opposition. After the 1989 presidential election narrowly missed by Lula, the PT changed: parliamentary opposition replaced the project of a clear social and political break; professional politicians left less room to the rank and file; opposing neo-liberalism took the place of anti-capitalism; its alliances increasingly broadened towards the centre. Until 2001, the PT opposed neoliberal policies. Yet the major turning point was to come with the 2002 presidential campaign. The party programme went through a gradual de-radicalization studied through 5 significant aspects of the Petista socialism. The study of contents and styles of 4 presidential campaigns from 1989 to 2002 completes these conclusions
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Dahlmann, Olaf. « Government stability in Estonia : Wishful Thinking or Reality ? : An evaluation of Estonia's governments from the 1992 elections up to 2003 [including a comment of the cabinet of Juhan Parts up to February 2005] ». Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/361/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines the multiple governments of independent Estonia since 1992 referring to
their stability. Confronted with the immense problems of democratic transition, the multi-party
governments of Estonia change comparatively often. Following the elections of March 2003 the
ninth government since 1992 was formed. A detailed examination of government stability and the
example of Estonia is accordingly warranted, given that the country is seen as the most successful
Central Eastern European transition country in spite of its frequent changes of government.
Furthermore, this article questions whether or not internal government stability can exist within a
situation where the government changes frequently. What does stability of government mean and
what are the varying multi-faceted depths of the term? Before analysing the term, it has to be
clarified and defined. It is presumed that government stability is composed of multiple variables
influencing one another. Data about the average tenure of a government is not very conclusive.
Rather, the deeper political causes for governmental change need to be examined.
Therefore, this article discusses the conceptual and theoretical basics of governmental stability
first. Secondly, it discusses the Estonian situation in detail up to the elections of 2003, including a
short review of the 9th government since independence. In the conclusion, the author explains
whether or not the governments of Estonia are stable.
In the appendix, the reader finds all election results and also a list of all previous ministers of
Estonian governments (all data are as of July 2002).
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Rori, Lamprini. « Les organisations partisanes à la lumière de la professionnalisation de la communication politique : une présidentialisation inachevée : analyse comparative du Parti socialiste français et du Mouvement socialiste grec ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010331.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse aborde le changement organisationnel des partis qu'entraînent les dynamiques crées par le développement de la communication politique. Elle éclaircit comment la modernisation des techniques de cette communication influence le fonctionnement interne des partis, en altérant l'espace public politique dans lequel ceux-ci s’intègrent. En choisissant deux partis renfermant de très grandes différences intra-partisanes et institutionnelles, le PS et le PASOK, elle cherche à développer une réflexion sur les organisations partisanes, en essayant de comprendre les causes de leur transformation, les forces qui interagissent, ainsi que les reflets de cette transformation sur leur fonctionnement politique. À travers une classification des différents types de présidentialisation étudiées post-moderne, pour démarquer la logique de l'opinion qui imprègne la présidentialisation contemporaine de celles apparues dans le passé. Des facteurs institutionnels et structurels dans les deux pays, ont révélé la coexistence d'une série de paramètres qui favorisent la présidentialisation en France et en Grèce.Ayant, ensuite, analysé la transformation de l'espace politique, j'ai mis en lumière la complexité des relations dans le champ politico-médiatique, voire les antagonismes et l'interdépendance parmi et entre les différents entrepreneurs médiatiques, communicationnels et politiques. La nature et le degré de professionnalisation de la communication politique au sein de la famille socialiste, que j'ai pu déceler grâce à mon enquête en ligne auprès des responsables de communication au niveau macro et micro politique sont innombrables, parmi lesquels le changement du lien représentatif, la personnalisation de la politique et le renchérissement du coût de la vie politique me semblent être les plus importants en ce qui concerne la présidentialisation post-moderne des partis. La montée de la logique d'opinion, la prolifération des partis par rapport à une série d'experts et d'agents extra-partisans dans un sens plus large, ainsi que la nécessité de s'adapter sans cesse en termes de ressources communicationnelles pour répondre aux besoins de cette compétition politique médiatisée, obligent les partis à des changements sur les plans organisationnel et stratégique. Le PASOK et le PS confirment la tendance à la présidentialisation quoique seulement partiellement. Bien que les facteurs exogènes tendent vers une ouverture des processus et des fonctions des partis socialistes, telle que la généralisation d'une relation directe entre les leaders et les citoyens, cette logique présidentielle se heurte à d'autres logiques – locales et parlementaires – ainsi qu'aux dynamiques davantage horizontales que verticales. En plaçant au cœur de notre analyse les contraintes médiatiques et la conversion à la logique d'opinion, nous avons démontré que par sa nature, cette présidentialisation post-moderne est vulnérable, car liée à des facteurs externes aux partis. Ainsi, alors qu'elle est censée renforcer les leaders et les candidats principaux, la présidentialisation issues des contraintes notamment médiatiques, transfère la légitimation du leadership de l'arène intra-partisane au sein de l'opinion publique. La présidentialisation post-moderne dépossède davantage les deux partis de leurs fonctions traditionnelles et contribue à leur désinvestissement idéologique et intellectuelThis thesis addresses the organizational change that parties undertake under the dynamics developed by political communications. It sheds light in the way that modernization of communication technology influences the intra-party functions, by altering the political public space in which parties integrate. Following the most different systems’ design, the comparison between the French and the Greek socialist party develops a reflection on party organizations, trying to understand the causes of their information, the forces that interact in their mutation, the parameters of organizational configuration, and the effects of this transformation on their party function. By creating an original typology of presidentialization on the basis of the source of leadership legitimization, I use the term post-modern, in order to distinguish the contemporary presidentialization sealed by the dynamics of public opinion , from those occured in the past. Institutional and structural factors in Greece and France revealed the existence of a series of parameters that enhance presidentialization. Having then analyzed the transformation of the political public sphere, I demonstrate the complexity of relations, competition and interdependence existing among and between media, communication and political entrepreneurs in the fields of politics and media. I have then identified the nature and degree of professionalization of political communication within the socialist family, through and online survey Heads of Communication in seventeen socialist parties. Among numerous effects stemming from mediatization of politics and professionalization of communication in the macro and micro political level, I consider changes in the links of representation, personalization of politics and the rising cost of politics a the most importantly related to post-modern presidentialization. The rize of public opinion, the dependence of parties from a series of experts and non-partisan agents in a broader-sense, as well as the need to continually adapt communication resources in order to meet the needs of this mediatized political competition, force parties to undertake changes. PASOK and PS confirm the trend of presidentialization, albeit only partially. Although exogenous factors push towards an opening processes and functions of the socialist parties, such as the generalization of a direct relationship between the leader and the citizen, this presidential logic is hampered by other logics – local and parliamentary – as well as dynamics rather than horizontal than vertical. By placing at the heart of my analysis media constraints and conversion to public opinion demands, I have shown that by its nature, this post-modern presidentialization is vulnerable because of external factors related to parties. So while it is supposed to strenghten the leaders and the principal candidates, presidentialization linked to media constraints transfers the leadership legitimization from the intra-party arena towards public opinion. Post-modern presidentialization stengthens already existing deprivation of both parties from their traditional functions and contributes to their ideological and intellectual disinvestment
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Benchikh, Mérabha. « Devenir femme politique. La socialisation et la professionnalisation politiques des femmes à l'aune de la domination masculine ». Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1054.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il est d’actualité de parler de l’engagement politique des femmes en France dans un contexte qui se voudrait paritaire. A travers leurs biographies, leurs trajectoires militantes et électives, leurs carrières ainsi que l’exercice de leurs pratiques s’inscrivant dans ce champ particulier : qu’est-ce qui détermine une femme à se professionnaliser en politique ?Ainsi, pourquoi y a-t-il encore trop peu de femmes en France à briguer des mandats électifs alors que ces dernières se montrent sensibilisées aux problèmes que connaît notre société et, ont la volonté d’apporter des modifications à l’évolution sociale, tant par le biais de leurs actions qu’à travers leurs votes pour lesquels elles se mobilisent en nommant des représentants garants d’une politique déterminée. De toute évidence, les femmes sont totalement ancrées dans la politique puisqu’elles en débattent et en font comme n’importe quel-le citoyen-ne. Leur participation aux élections en témoigne. Dans ce cas, pourquoi sont-elles aussi peu intégrées dans le système politique ? Qu’est-ce qui freine alors leur participation publique ?Pour ce faire, notre étude traitera de la socialisation et de la professionnalisation des femmes dans le champ politique si particulier où pouvoir est synonyme de virilité, à travers une comparaison genrée des carrières féminines et masculinesIt is timely to talk about the political involvement of women in France in a context that would be equally represented. Through their biographies, their paths activists and elected office, their careers and the exercise of their practices undertaken in this particular field : what determines a woman to become professional in politics ?Thus, why there are still too few women in France to run for elective office while the latter show themselves aware of the problems facing our society and are willing to make changes to social evolution, both through their actions and through their votes for which they are mobilized by appointing representatives to guarantee a given policy. Clearly, women are totally entrenched in politics as they debate the issue and make it like any other citizen. Their turnout attests. In that case, why are they so poorly integrated into the political system ? What will lock their public participation ?To do, our survey will deal with the women’s socialization and professionalization in the peculiar political universe where the power is synonymous with manliness, through a gendered comparison of the feminine and masculine careers
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Taflaga, Marija. « Politics, Policy Development and Political Communication during Opposition:The Federal Liberal Party of Australia 1983 – 1996 and 2007– 2013 ». Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112342.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis argues that opposition is an opportunity to study our major political parties in the ‘raw’. Parties without the support of government departments and the resources of incumbency must rely on their own internal structures and the skill set of their Senators and Members of Parliament. It is in opposition that we can truly examine and assess how well party processes function and their capabilities. The Liberal Party of Australia (LPA) represents an interesting case study for parties in opposition because its inexperience at opposition offer political scientists a rare opportunity to observe a party attempting to learn new skill sets. Through an historical comparative study this thesis examines the LPA (and to some extent its coalition partner) in opposition between 1983-1996 and 2007-2013. It examines how, over time, the LPA attempted to prepare itself for government by examining its approach parliament, internal party management, its policy-making processes and political communication strategies. The study draws on several methodological approaches in order to triangulate results — interviews with key actors, private papers maintained by leading Liberal party actors, as well as publicly available documentation and media reports.
This study finds that the practice of opposition in intensely political, contrary to most common conceptualisations in the literature. It argues for a more complex understanding of the LPA’s leadership ethos — one that recognises the expectations of shadow ministers and the backbench and the reciprocal nature of the leadership in the LPA. The study also finds evidence of increasing professionalism in the LPA’s use of media since 1983 and the mediatisation of politics. It explores why political parties become mediatised, arguing that the reason lies in party actors’ assumptions about what will help them capture office.
The study argues that for most of the 1980s, the LPA aspired to be a credible alternative government and a constructive opposition with thought-out policy proposals. Policy was central to political actors’ assumptions about effective political communication, even if it struggled to achieve this and its resources often proved inadequate to the task. Not until losing the ‘unlosable election’ in 1993 did the LPA abandon policy advocacy as its idealised key strategy for attempting to win office. By contrast, the opposition between 2007 and 2013 (and particularly 2010 to 2013) pursued an overwhelmingly negative approach to opposition designed to destroy the Gillard government’s credibility rather than build up its own.Political actors’ assumptions about the purpose of policy had dramatically altered. Policy was no longer a vital tool to build-up credibility and win office. Instead, actors believed that strategically managing issues in the media was more important. As a result of the hung parliament and the lessons learned from the 1980s, the emphasis of the post-2007 Opposition had shifted to capturing office, because this was considered the most effective way to make political change.
Thus, the study demonstrates how the party became increasingly mediatised between 1983 and 1996 and argues that between 2007 and 2013 that the party had internalised ‘media logics’ to the extent where the opposition invested only minimally in policy development during this period and political success was used as a justification for limiting the amount of information given to voters about their intentions for government. This study raises important implications about whether or not parties are adequately preparing for government in opposition.
Livres sur le sujet "Party professionalization"
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Kahn, Andrew, Mark Lipovetsky, Irina Reyfman et Stephanie Sandler. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663941.003.0021.
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Part IV outlines the development of literature within its social and historical context, charting the growth of a mass readership and literary journalism. It explores how the establishment of a sustainable system of royalties enabled the professionalization of literature, arguing that the so-called thick journals, thanks to their financial success, played a particularly important role in this process. The Part explores how autobiographical genres and poetry each in its own way expressed subjectivities. The Part discusses the growth of the novel and the diversification of character types, and, rejecting an entrenched model of a changeover between ages of prose and poetry, argues that poetry remained vibrant. The roles of women as writers producing poetry and fiction and as readers consuming literature are explored. The Part argues that literature paid close attention to society, raising questions and fictionalizing scenarios that stimulated individual moral exploration and searching for national identity.
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Wilson Kimber, Marian. The Odyssey of a Nice Girl. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040719.003.0001.
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Ruth Suckow’s novel, The Odyssey of a Nice Girl (1925), based on her elocution school experiences, demonstrates how gender shaped women’s artistic lives in the Progressive era. Elocution enhanced men’s careers, yet women’s voices were for education or domestic entertainment. However, changing social roles allowed for women to adopt elocutionary performance as a mode of expression. Women’s educations at elocution schools allowed them undertake careers as professional performers and teachers. Female elocutionists’ desire to embody acceptable feminine attributes and to separate themselves from morally suspect actresses influenced their performances, presented as highbrow interpretations of great literature. The decline of elocution was in part due to the backlash against the professionalization of women in the field.
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Shoemaker, Karl. Medieval Canon Law. Sous la direction de Markus D. Dubber et Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.36.
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This chapter considers the historical development of medieval canon law. The term ‘canon law’ refers to the body of law developed by the Catholic Church to govern the body of Christ on earth. In time, canon law came to designate the totality of laws, legislation, judicial processes, and institutions promulgated by the Church and enforced by its officers upon Christians, and sometimes non-Christians. This chapter covers the successes of canonists in consolidating their text base and laying the ground for an increasing professionalization of their discipline; the professional competition between canonists and theologians, which emerged in part out of a divide between those who understood the Church as a pastoral institution and those that understood it as a rigorously hierarchical administrative entity; and the emergence of new legal practices.
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Lewis, Martin W. Geographies. Sous la direction de Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0003.
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This article describes the link between history and various geographies. History and geography were once commonly regarded as sibling disciplines. Despite their long-recognized affinity, history and geography increasingly parted ways as academic professionalization and specialization strengthened during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Historians grew skeptical of the hard linkages that geographers of the time posited between historical development and the natural landscape. They also increasingly focused on national history, regarding the territories of nation-states as holistic totalities requiring little geographical attention. Geographers, for their part, disengaged from historical concerns as they turned increasingly to theory and method. In the latter decades of the twentieth century, the two disciplines began to shown some signs of reconvergence. Most geographers now recognize the need for historical contextualization, just as many historians have rediscovered the importance of spatial relations while discovering the utility of geographical methods.
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Morrison, Kevin A., dir. Walter Besant. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620351.001.0001.
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In the 1880s and 1890s, Walter Besant was one of Britain’s most lionized living novelists. Like many popular writers of the period, Besant suffered from years of critical neglect. Yet his centrality to Victorian society and culture all but ensured a revival of interest. While literary critics are now rediscovering the more than forty works of fiction that he penned or co-wrote, as part of a more general revaluation of Victorian popular literature, legal scholars have argued that Besant, by advocating for copyright reform, played a crucial role in consolidating a notion of literary property as the exclusive possession of the individuated intellect. For their part, historians have recently shown how Besant – as a prominent philanthropist who campaigned for the cultural vitalization of impoverished areas in east and south London – galvanized late Victorian social reform activities. The expanding corpus of work on Besant, however, has largely kept the domains of authorship and activism, which he perceived as interrelated, conceptually distinct. Analysing the mutually constitutive interplay in Besant’s career between philanthropy and the professionalization of authorship, Walter Besant: The Business of Literature and the Pleasures of Reform highlights their fundamental interconnectedness in this Victorian intellectual polymath’s life and work.
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Haas, Elisabeth. Mentoringprozesse in der Lehrer:innenausbildung. Gelingensbedingungen für Schulpraktika. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35468/5907.
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School mentoring in Austria is structurally anchored in the curricula of the new teacher trai-ning with the establishment/implementation of pedagogical-practical studies. Partner schools of universities of teacher education and universities offer students space for learning experience through practice and opportunity to complete the curricular parts of school in social environ-ment of schools. Mentors accompany and support the professionalization process and enter into a mutual learning and developmental relationship against the background of curricular re-quirement structures as well as subjective interpretative patterns. Transformational mentoring with a categorical breakdown to guide self-reflection is presented and discussed as a possible form of mentoring.In the research approach, interviews with mentors and students were conducted and evaluated with Grounded Theory. The central result of the study is that those involved in the dyadic rela-tionship want to build up or want to enter into a profession-specific learning and development process with the aim of furthering their own effectiveness and professionalism. Emanating from these studies, (training ) models for mentoring programs were constructed.
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Scott, Juliette R. Legal Translation Outsourced. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190900014.001.0001.
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This highly interdisciplinary practitioner research explores the outsourced legal translation environment, with a view to optimizing fundamental aspects of procurement—commissioning and performance. The results of a global survey are analysed: participants comprised 84 principals, for the most part from leading law firms and corporations, and 303 legal translation practitioners (41 countries, 6 continents). Concepts from corporate agency theory are used to shed light on market dysfunctions, such as a tortuous chain of supply, while perspectives from genre theory, comparative law, and functionalist translation studies are applied to offer a multidimensional model for legal translation performance, and to foreground its risks and constraints. Fitness-for-purpose is examined as a workable quality criterion associated with translation briefs supplied. Professionalization and empowerment are raised as key factors with potential to significantly improve target text quality. Extensive fieldwork has brought to light ‘hot spots’ for risk, such as severely impeded information flows, insufficient interaction between market actors, and deficient translation briefs. The groundwork for dissemination to practice has already been laid, for example using a briefing template specifically developed for the outsourcing of legal translation, set to benefit commissioning clients by increasing the fitness-for-purpose of translated texts. The types of legal texts outsourced have proved in many instances to be highly sensitive, which further emphasizes the gravity of the problem and the need to take action.
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Clark, Catherine E. Paris and the Cliché of History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190681647.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Focusing on one of photography’s birthplaces, Paris and the Cliché of History tells the story of how photographs came to be imagined and deployed as documents of the past. It uncovers the changing conventions that drove the formation of public photo archives, the inclusion of photos on the pages of illustrated books, their place in historical exhibitions and public festivals, and the organization of amateur photo contests to document Paris. It explores how contemporaries looked at photos, new and old, through the lenses of war, occupation, urban renovation, and other traumas. From this point of view, Paris and the Cliché of History offers new versions of familiar stories about Haussmannization, the professionalization of history, the cultural effects of World War I, and the 1944 Liberation of Paris as well as the first in-depth accounts of the 1951 celebration of Paris’s birthday (the Bimillénaire de Paris) and the 100,000 photographs submitted to an ambitious effort to document the city for the future: the amateur photo contest “This was Paris in 1970.” It calls for historians to pull the curtain on using photographs as transparent windows onto the past and proposes a historical methodology that registers photographic production, circulation, and preservation as part and parcel of history itself. Ultimately the book presents a compelling argument for the importance of this history of photographs to the story of Paris since 1860 and to arguments about its reduction to a museum city, or merely an image, since the 1960s.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Party professionalization"
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Mieg, Harald A. « The Responsibility of Science : An Introduction ». Dans Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1–8. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91597-1_1.
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AbstractThis is the introduction to the book The Responsibility of Science, containing three parts. I explain both the concept of responsibility and science as an institution. I then present lines of argumentation that run through the essays of this volume and combine them. (i) Responsibility is a relational concept, derived from the verb “to respond.” Therefore, the concept of responsibility refers to a relation involving at least three elements: Someone is responsible for something to someone else. Moreover, responsibility is attributive, that is, resulting from a social attribution of guilt or duties to a person. (ii) Science is meant here to refer to historically developed, institutionalized research and to be thought of independently of the objects of that research. Therefore, by ‘science,’ I am referring to natural and social sciences as well as humanities, and make no distinction between pure and applied science. (iii) This volume lives through the many references that link the chapters and the lines of argumentation that develop in the work, such as Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) as a new approach within EU research policy; the ethical question of the moral person in science; and the effects of the institutionalization and professionalization of science.
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Marthe Narud, Hanne. « Norway : Professionalization—Party-oriented and Constituency-based ». Dans The Political Class in Advanced Democracies, 298–319. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199260362.003.0016.
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Gillingham, Paul. « Party, Peace, and Caciquismo ». Dans Unrevolutionary Mexico, 104–33. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253122.003.0005.
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This chapter identifies the processes by which Veracruz moved from violent political and social fragmentation to comparative stability and central discipline. It charts a new level of control by civilian politicians over the networks of soldiers and pistoleros who had previously taken over much of the state, and the emergence of a modus vivendi between weary peasant communities and landowners. Competitive elections declined precipitously, peasants were cut out of political posts at all levels and unions consolidated their control over the work force. Caciquismo endured, and remained as in the rest of Mexico key to political bargaining and central control. Yet while the state government remained incapable of efficient tax collection, this was compensated by dramatic economic growth, police professionalization and federal support for infrastructure and other public goods from the veracruzano camarilla in the national government.
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Argibay, Camilo, Rafaël Cos et Anne-Cécile Douillet. « Political parties and think tanks : policy analysis oriented toward office-seeking ». Dans Policy Analysis in France. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324218.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the role played by political parties and think tanks in the development of policy analysis in France. It shows how party-based policy analysis is interwoven with inter and intra-party competition related to the objective of seeking office. Indeed, even though policy seeking activities do not look central in the functioning of French political parties, developments in party rationales, like those in the profile of governing parties’ elites, are favourable to intensifying interest in policy issues. Political parties’ professionalization nonetheless appears to have a marked effect on their internal production of public policy expertise: party membership is marginalised while the electoral issues and internal competition have a structuring impact. Lastly, analysis of public policy expertise production shows that it is mainly done in the vicinity of party organisations, due to the significant recourse to experts outside of parties and the role of think tanks.
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Pettai, Vello. « Estonia ». Dans Coalition Governance in Central Eastern Europe, 170–206. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844372.003.0005.
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Since re-emerging as an independent state in 1991, Estonia has had to build up an entirely new constitutional and political system. This has meant that following an initial period of fluidity amongst parties and voters, patterns of politics have slowly begun to consolidate along more predictable lines. In particular, Estonia’s coalition politics have been dominated by centre-right constellations, mainly because of the strong role played as of the mid-1990s by the market-liberal Reform Party. The party has been a pivotal, if not leading force, in all of Estonia’s government coalitions between 1999 and 2016. This has allowed it also to influence greatly patterns of consolidation in coalition governance, namely the professionalization of coalition agreements, the development of coordination mechanisms between coalition partners, and mechanisms of mutual oversight in coalitions. While governments have not succeeded in lasting a full parliamentary term, the re-organizations that have taken place between elections have not generated prolonged crises of governing. The main blockage or weakness in the system was the continued side-lining of the left-leaning Centre Party from playing a direct role in coalition politics. Although the party regularly obtained up to a quarter of the national vote and filled an important place in the party landscape by representing the bulk of minority-Russian voters, it was never considered as a government formateur because of the overbearing style of its founding leader (Edgar Savisaar). It seems that only after he is replaced will a major re-shuffling of Estonia’s coalition landscape be possible.
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CUZNEȚOV, LARISA, et CAROLINA CALARAȘ. « FAMILIA ȘI VALORILE CULTURII INTERGENERAȚIONALE ÎN CONTEXTUL PROFESIONALIZĂRII CADRELOR DIDACTICE (FORMAREA INIȚIALĂ) ». Dans Educaţie şi valori în societatea contemporană. Editura Eikon, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/epvl.cap2.2022.ro.
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FAMILY AND VALUES OF INTERGENERATIONAL CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHER PROFESSIONALIZATION (INITIAL TRAINING). The article contains a theoretical-applicative study, which elucidates the essence, content and possibilities of promoting the values of intergenerational culture within the professional training of pedagogic students in order to increase their capacities for counseling and working with the families of future students. The first part of the study contains the introduction to the given field and the specification of the essential concepts; the second part contains a survey of opinions on the values of intergenerational culture, their explanation and the model of training intergenerational culture, and the third/concluding part presents the contents and purposes of their valorization in the professionalization of student teachers.
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Varkøy, Øivind, et Elin Angelo. « I spennet mellom samfunnsmandat og kunstnerisk frihet – en filosofisk drøfting ». Dans Musikerne, bransjen og samfunnet, 121–45. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.160.ch5.
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This chapter presents a philosophical discussion of challenges related to processes of professionalization in higher music education, especially the education of performing musicians. What kind of fundamental, principal challenges can professionalization possibly create when it comes to how we think about the social mandate of musicians as well as artistic freedom? This question is discussed in relation to professional theory, the concept of entrepreneurship, and neoliberal tendencies in educational politics. The concept of re-romantization in relation to higher music education is introduced in the last part of the chapter.
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Ficarrotta, J. Carl. « Software Engineering as a Profession ». Dans Social, Ethical and Policy Implications of Information Technology, 204–22. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-168-1.ch012.
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This chapter makes the argument that software engineers, as part of a program of moving toward more formal professionalization, should be licensed. It outlines the nature of the profession and the arguments that justify licensing in professions other than software engineering. It then traces the initial steps the software industry has already taken towards professionalization, including codes of ethics and educational standards. There are morally and practically compelling arguments, rooted in the professional’s obligations to society, to do more: licensing, or some other sort of formal, binding and revocable certification, is also necessary. The chapter considers but rejects a number of reasons one might resist this as a goal.
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« Commentary on part II. Labor professionalization, class formation, and state rule ». Dans The Making of the Middle Class, 223–32. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822394815-013.
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Boehme, Harald. « Eine Rekonstruktion des Beweises von Theodoros ». Dans Hanse-Kolloquium zur Hochschuldidaktik der Mathematik 2016 und 2017. Beiträge zu den gleichnamigen Symposien : am 11. & ; 12. November 2016 in Münster und am 10. & ; 11. November 2017 in Göttingen, 17–28. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959870962.0.02.
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We present ProfiWerk, a professionalization course geared towards pre-service Gymnasium teachers in mathematics, which is part of the preparation for an extended school-internship phase. Since the transition from university education to school practice can come with adverse discontinuity effects – rendering, at worst, university education ineffective – special focus is put on establishing stable connections between both mathematics content knowledge and mathematics education knowledge to the professional demands on mathematics teachers.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Party professionalization"
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Kárpáti, Zoltán. « Professionalization of Family Firms : Striking a Balance Between Personal and Non-Personal Factors ». Dans New Horizons in Business and Management Studies. Conference Proceedings. Corvinus University of Budapest, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/978-963-503-867-1_12.
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The amount of research on family businesses’ analysis has increased significantly in recent years, thus showing the high importance of the topic. In most countries, family businesses occupy a prominent place in contributing to the economy with the added value they produce. However, less attention has been paid to the professionalization of family businesses and the exploration and presentation of the related literature. The professionalization of family business is a significant research concern in the entrepreneurship and governance literature. In the context of family businesses, professionalization initially meant nothing more than hiring an outside, non-family manager. For today, the content of professionalization has expanded, and a multidimensional model has evolved: a broader, deeper understanding has evolved, which involves other vital aspects such as developing formal control and human resource systems, decentralization of authority, formal strategic planning, or top-level activeness. This study aims to present the essential international literature on professionalization and provide a comprehensive overview of the studies published. The literature review mainly summarizes the results of the last twenty years and closely related articles. The paper follows the next logic; in the first part, the definition of professionalization is introduced along with its benefits and challenges. Then, based on the research methodology presented, the related empirical and theoretical studies are examined. In the end, the review summarizes the key findings in a table.
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Vukosavljevic Pavlovic, Valentina. « APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT MODELS IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES THROUGH THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONALIZATION AT THE LEVEL OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ». Dans 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management : How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2021.287.
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City economic structures on the territory of the Republic of Serbia should adapt and accelerate the process of balanced development between the urban and rural parts of the city on modern principles of management. On the other hand, the role of the process of professionalization of company management, as a factor of modernization at the level of local private and public companies should be explored, starting from the position that management is not only an economic category dominated by rational, financial, market principles and activities but also a sociological category, primarily reflected in the professionalization and democratization of labor relations. For the purpose of analysis, the forms of changes of the following should be considered: a) development strategies, b) production/property relations, c) changes in existing management models.
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Mogonea, Florentin remus. « RESIZING THE QUALITY OF THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF TEACHING THROUGH THE USAGE OF THE NEW E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES ». Dans eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-186.
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The present study proves the role of virtual e-learning facilities in the initial training of the teachers. The evolution of science and technique facilitated a rapid development of e-learning technologies, which have generally been generated for other fields of education (adult education, developing educational software for students, support and recovering technologies for children with disabilities) and less for the initial training of the teachers. Even if e-learning facilities have been less used in the field of initial training of teachers, they can be successfully used in the shaping and development of the educational practical skills. These technologies do not replace the traditional "face to face" teaching, but they become additional to and they increase its efficiency. The research carried out at the ascertaining level, detailed in the experimental part, emphasizes the importance of these technologies from a double perspective, namely: on the one hand the opinions of the trainers of the future trainers and on the other hand the assumptions of the students - future teachers. Students think that the value of e-learning facilities (maps, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, software, books, educational forums, chats, video conferences, tutorials, simulations, blogs, sites, etc.) increase the interest and attractiveness of the courses and practical lectures, decrease the teacher's effort in the process of teaching and the students' effort in the process of learning. According to the things mentioned, we highlight new dimensions of an active and interactive teaching and learning, by virtual technology: the students learn to learn and learn to teach in the same time.
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Carabal Montagud, María Ángeles, Virginia Santamarina Campos, María Victoria Esgueva López et Sofía Vicente Palomino. « Cooperative learning and brainstorming as didactic strategies in conservation and restoration of cultural assets ». Dans INNODOCT 2019. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2019.2019.10089.
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This article exposes the tools of cooperative learning and brainstorming as a didactic strategy, in which teamwork, diversity, interaction between the students and feedback between them are promoted as the main source of learning. In professions related to the conservation and restoration of cultural assets, we work as a team, thus is fundamental that the students' training prepares them for this work reality and enables them to be part of and lead these teams, fostering cross-cutting skills such as communication effective, critical thinking, application and practical thinking among others. We will present the case of a teaching experience, in which cooperative learning is a fundamental tool to solve one of the practices of the subject “Introduction to the Conservation and Restoration of golds and polychromies” of the Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Assets in Universitat Politècnica de València. The practice consists in the identification of manufacturing techniques, and focuses on the subsequent professionalization and comprehensive training of students. The results obtained from it show how peer learning is an effective, dynamic strategy with infinite possibilities.
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Vučković, Jelena. « UPRAVLjANjE LjUDSKIM RESURSIMA KAO FAKTOR KVALITETA USLUGA LOKALNE SAMOUPRAVE ». Dans 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.1017v.
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Human resources management is an integral part of the management of local self-government. It is part of a public policy that applies to the local government employees. Human resources management includes several basic activities: analysis and design jobs, human resources planning, recruitment, selection, training and development of employees, assessment of their performances and rewarding, relationship with employees, health and safety management and leaving the organization itself. Importance of human resources management for the local self-government system was pointed out in 1985 when the European Charter of Local Self-Government was adopted. The Law on Employees in Autonomous Provinces and Local Self-Government Units in 2016 completed the system of local self-government regulations in the Republic of Serbia, by introduction of transparency and depolitization of the recruitment process, as well as professionalization of the local official apparatus. Units of local self-government in Serbia are only at the beginning of the reform process, and if, based on the principles of management, human resources are to be managed, it is necessary to answer these questions: whether the institutional, normative and strategic determinations of the system are regulated well in relation to issues of functioning, not only in terms of human resources management, but also of the overall system of local self-government
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Dağlı Ekmekçi, Yeter Aytül, et Ayşe İrmiş. « Institutionalization of Turkish Sport Sector : Example of Football Clubs ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01418.
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Sport is an enormous growing sector day after day with its sub-sectors like food, textile, technology, communication, health, tourism etc. Besides it is providing an important source of income in the economy. One part of this sector is sport clubs and most of them are running as companies nowadays. Therefore they need to be managed professional and to get an institutional structure to survive in the economic system. Thus the aim of this study is to examine the institutionalization of Turkish sport clubs, how the managers and workers evaluate their clubs. The data was collected from 178 managers/workers from Super League and PTT 1. League clubs, which are the top level organizations of Turkish football system. The obtained data from the questionnaires are analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Analysis results revealed that high level educated managers/workers are evaluating both sub-dimensions of institutionalization (professionalization and cultural element) at a lower level than the others. Similarly the managers/workers who indicated that clubs doesn’t have mission and vision, they evaluated the institutionalization of clubs in a lower level. But on the other side there has been found any differences between managers/workers who are educated in sport sciences area, than who are not educated in this area.
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Hitado Hernández, Eva, Juan Gonzalez Jiménez et Carolina Sanz Pecharromán. « PLANNING THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN MUCAT (OMAN) ». Dans CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3457.
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In Muscat, the capital of Oman with over one million inhabitants, urban public transport practically does not exist and the use of private cars is dramatically increasing. As a result, accident rates and traffic congestion, two particularly pressing concerns in the urban area of the capital, have both risen. This situation has focused the concern of public administrations and has led to the urgent need of developing a Public Transport System in the city In order to develop this system in an integrated manner, the plan proposes to unify and organize regulation and management of public transport by creating a public transport authority, headed by the Ministry of Transport and with a very strong involvement of Muscat Municipality. By 2015 only two urban bus lines operate in Muscat, covering a small area of the city–Wadi Adei, Wadi Kabir and Ruwi. Therefore, the plan adopts a conservative approach by proposing the implementation of a comprehensive urban bus network –composed by trunk and feeder lines adapted to the low density of the city- before establishing other high capacity solutions, such as BRT or LRT. A key element of the system is the number of 13,400 taxis and microbuses that represent the only alternative to the 317,000 cars of Muscat. The plan suggests the reorganization and further regulation of the sector to achieve the professionalization of the taxi services and the migration of existing users, part of them to the professionalised taxi services and the other part to the implemented public transport services.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3457
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Palević, Milan. « Pravni okvir elektronske uprave u Srbiji ». Dans XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.523p.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper starts from the basic issues related to e-government and points to the stages in its development. Public administration of information societies is service- oriented. Even today, this is not a ubiquitous reality in Serbia, but taking into account the experiences of the most industrially developed countries, the legal framework of e- government in Serbia can be based on several postulates. The first principle is the simplicity and accessibility of data and services to all citizens by e-government. The second principle refers to the professionalization and professional development of civil servants for the daily and successful use of information and communication technologies. The third principle is, in fact, more a request for education and teaching of citizens and economic entities about the advantages and disadvantages of using e- government. Also, state bodies should show the importance of using e-government by their own example. n addition to the review of the Explanation of the Draft Law on Electronic Government, the central part of the paper is a review and analysis of the solution of this important legal framework for electronic government in Serbia. Thus, the principles on which the Law on Electronic Administration is based are analyzed; e-government infrastructure; supervision over the implementation of the Law. Finally, the author points out (as one of the conclusions) that e-government in the Internet environment and from the point of view of international relations should enable communication between the Serbian e-government and e-governments of other countries, as well as international organizations. The author of this paper believes that in the future there will be such public services that are more open, more efficient and ultimately simple, which is why the circle of users would be wider.
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Maya, Sebastian. « A reflexive educational model for design practice with rural communities : the case of bamboo product makers in Cuetzalan, México. » Dans LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.58.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the '60s and '70s, a global economic and technological development plan for "undeveloped" countries defined the base of the professionalization process of industrial design in Latin America. Since then, many scholars have revised the industrial design practice and proposed new ways to reinterpret Latin American design according to current perspectives about the context and territory. This research strives on a reflexive educational model based on a socio-technical system's understanding for a mixed craft-industrial design practice with rural communities in Mexico. By combining post and decolonial perspectives and critical theories of neoliberalism in the design field; and analyses of the design education process inside the rural communities of bamboo product makers in Cuetzalan (Puebla, México), it is possible to unravel the translation agency of designers (also as individuals with personal and professional interests) between the global economic system pressures and internal beliefs and positions of communities. Following Arturo Escobar's (2007, 2013, 2017) and Walter Mignolo's (2013) ideas, the design practice in Latin America is highly questionable when it tries to involve rural or social perspectives due to the influence of the development's regimes of representation. These regimes vigorously promote the generation of economic wealth from economic and technological development, primarily based on a globalized neoliberal logic. As Professor Juan Camilo Buitrago shows in the Colombian case, many universities were linked to government economic policies "due to the need to align themselves with the projects that the State was mobilizing based on industrialization to encourage exports." (2012, p. 26). This idea is still valid since public and private universities constantly compete for economic resources that they exchange with applied knowledge that points to the development of various economic sectors. Numerous studies attempt to reconcile academic epistemological and ontological forms with rural ways of understanding the world. Regardless of these efforts, it is necessary to highlight that professional design education has barely incorporated these reflections within its institutional academic structures. This work has been part of a series of university-level courses that mix experiences and perspectives between Anahuac University final year design students and the Tosepan Ojtatsentekitinij (bamboo workshop) members. The current research considers the participation of all the actors involved in the educational process (directors, lecturers, and students) and the people close to the bamboo transformation processes in Cuetzalan. The course is divided into three phases. First, students and professors discuss critical topics about complex systems and wicked problems, participatory methodologies, capitalism and globalization, non-western knowledge, social power dynamics, and Socio-technical systems. The second phase involves independent and guided fieldwork to share thoughts and intentions with the bamboo material and its possible applications. Lastly, there are different creation, experimentation, and exposition moments where each actor could share comments about all the experiences. The results intended to provide analytical tools that allow design students and educational staff members to deconstruct their economical-industrial roots to tend bridges that harmonize imaginative and creative attitudes between designers and rural craftspersons.