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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Partitioning of soil respiration »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Partitioning of soil respiration"

Skinner, R. Howard. « Partitioning Soil Respiration during Pasture Regrowth ». Crop Science 53, n^o 4 (juillet 2013) : 1791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2012.10.0572.

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Jovani-Sancho, A. Jonay, Thomas Cummins et Kenneth A. Byrne. « Soil respiration partitioning in afforested temperate peatlands ». Biogeochemistry 141, n^o 1 (12 septembre 2018) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0496-0.

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Neogi, S., P. K. Dash, P. Bhattacharyya, S. R. Padhy, K. S. Roy et A. K. Nayak. « Partitioning of total soil respiration into root, rhizosphere and basal-soil CO2 fluxes in contrasting rice production systems ». Soil Research 58, n^o 6 (2020) : 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20006.

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Soil respiration contributes significantly to ecosystem respiration and is vital in the context of climate change research. In a season-long experiment we studied total soil respiration (TSR) and its partitioning into root respiration, rhizospheric respiration (RhR) and basal-soil respiration in four contrasting rice production systems: irrigated lowland (IL) (cv. Gayatri); organic nutrient managed irrigated lowland (OIL) (cv. Geetanjali); system of rice intensification (SRI) (cv. Swarna); and aerobic rice system (Aerobic) (cv. APO). We considered TSR to be the sum of root respiration, RhR and basal-soil respiration. Irrespective of the rice production system, TSR was higher at panicle initiation stage. Considering all four systems, the RhR contributed the most (59–83%) and basal-soil respiration the least (10–19%) to the TSR. Mean RhR showed the trend of Aerobic > SRI > IL > OIL across the growing seasons and indicated higher rhizosphere activities in the aerobic system. Mean root respiration showed a trend of IL > OIL > SRI > Aerobic and mean basal-soil respiration had SRI > IL > OIL > Aerobic. Soil labile carbon pools and heterotrophic populations were higher in OIL and dehydrogenase activity was higher in SRI. Microbial biomass carbon, readily mineralisable carbon, dehydrogenase activity and the heterotroph population showed positive correlations with RhR. Hence, regulation of RhR is crucial and can be achieved through rhizosphere modifications linked with labile carbon pools and soil enzymatic activities by plant physiological modification or through soil carbon stabilisation.

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Baggs, E. M. « Partitioning the components of soil respiration : a research challenge ». Plant and Soil 284, n^o 1-2 (juin 2006) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0047-7.

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Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Jane Jinglan Cui et Jenny Farmer. « Separation of soil respiration : a site-specific comparison of partition methods ». SOIL 4, n^o 2 (5 juin 2018) : 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-141-2018.

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Abstract. Without accurate data on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh), assessments of soil carbon (C) sequestration rate and C balance are challenging to produce. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the contribution of the different sources of the total soil CO2 efflux (Rs) in different ecosystems, but to date, there are still many uncertainties and unknowns regarding the soil respiration partitioning procedures currently available. This study compared the suitability and relative accuracy of five different Rs partitioning methods in a subtropical forest: (1) regression between root biomass and CO2 efflux, (2) lab incubations with minimally disturbed soil microcosm cores, (3) root exclusion bags with hand-sorted roots, (4) root exclusion bags with intact soil blocks and (5) soil δ13C–CO2 natural abundance. The relationship between Rh and soil moisture and temperature was also investigated. A qualitative evaluation table of the partition methods with five performance parameters was produced. The Rs was measured weekly from 3 February to 19 April 2017 and found to average 6.1 ± 0.3 MgCha-1yr-1. During this period, the Rh measured with the in situ mesh bags with intact soil blocks and hand-sorted roots was estimated to contribute 49 ± 7 and 79 ± 3 % of Rs, respectively. The Rh percentages estimated with the root biomass regression, microcosm incubation and δ13C–CO2 natural abundance were 54 ± 41, 8–17 and 61 ± 39 %, respectively. Overall, no systematically superior or inferior Rs partition method was found. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each technique with the conclusion that combining two or more methods optimizes Rh assessment reliability.

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An, Peng, Wen-Feng Wang, Xi Chen, Jing Qian et Yunzhu Pan. « Introducing a Chaotic Component in the Control System of Soil Respiration ». Complexity 2020 (26 août 2020) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5310247.

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Chaos theory has been proved to be of great significance in a series of critical applications although, until now, its applications in analyzing soil respiration have not been addressed. This study aims to introduce a chaotic component in the control system of soil respiration and explain control complexity of this nonlinear chaotic system. This also presents a theoretical framework for better understanding chaotic components of soil respiration in arid land. A concept model of processes and mechanisms associated with subterranean CO2 evolution are developed, and dynamics of the chaotic system is characterized as an extended Riccati equation. Controls of soil respiration and kinetics of the chaotic system are interpreted and as a first attempt, control complexity of this nonlinear chaotic system is tackled by introducing a period-regulator in partitioning components of soil respiration.

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Bond-Lamberty, B., et A. Thomson. « A global database of soil respiration data ». Biogeosciences Discussions 7, n^o 1 (19 février 2010) : 1321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-1321-2010.

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Abstract. Soil respiration – RS, the flux of autotropically- and heterotrophically-generated CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere – remains the least well-constrained component of the terrestrial C cycle. Here we introduce the SRDB database, a near-universal compendium of published RS data, and make it available to the scientific community both as a traditional static archive and as a dynamic community database that will be updated over time by interested users. The database encompasses all published studies that report one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 °C. Its orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements. To date, data from 818 studies have been entered into the database, constituting 3379 records. The data span the measurement years 1961–2007 and are dominated by temperate, well-drained forests. We briefly examine some aspects of the SRDB data – mean annual RS fluxes and their correlation with other carbon fluxes, RS variability, temperature sensitivities, and the partitioning of RS source flux – and suggest some potential lines of research that could be explored using these data. The SRDB database described here is available online in a permanent archive as well as via a project-hosting repository; the latter source leverages open-source software technologies to encourage wider participation in the database's future development. Ultimately, we hope that the updating of, and corrections to, the SRDB will become a shared project, managed by the users of these data in the scientific community.

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Bond-Lamberty, B., et A. Thomson. « A global database of soil respiration data ». Biogeosciences 7, n^o 6 (15 juin 2010) : 1915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1915-2010.

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Abstract. Soil respiration – RS, the flux of CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere – is probably the least well constrained component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Here we introduce the SRDB database, a near-universal compendium of published RS data, and make it available to the scientific community both as a traditional static archive and as a dynamic community database that may be updated over time by interested users. The database encompasses all published studies that report one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 °C. Its orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements. To date, data from 818 studies have been entered into the database, constituting 3379 records. The data span the measurement years 1961–2007 and are dominated by temperate, well-drained forests. We briefly examine some aspects of the SRDB data – its climate space coverage, mean annual RS fluxes and their correlation with other carbon fluxes, RS variability, temperature sensitivities, and the partitioning of RS source flux – and suggest some potential lines of research that could be explored using these data. The SRDB database is available online in a permanent archive as well as via a project-hosting repository; the latter source leverages open-source software technologies to encourage wider participation in the database's future development. Ultimately, we hope that the updating of, and corrections to, the SRDB will become a shared project, managed by the users of these data in the scientific community.

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Wunderlich, S., et W. Borken. « Partitioning of soil CO<sub>2</sub> ; efflux in un-manipulated and experimentally flooded plots of a temperate fen ». Biogeosciences Discussions 9, n^o 5 (2 mai 2012) : 5287–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-5287-2012.

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Abstract. Peatlands store large amounts of organic carbon, but the carbon stock is sensitive to changes in precipitation or water table manipulations. Restoration of drained peatlands by drain blocking and flooding is a common measure to conserve and augment the carbon stock of peatland soils. Here, we report to what extent flooding affected the contribution of heterotrophic and rhizosphere respiration to soil CO2 efflux in a grass-dominated mountain fen, Germany. Soil CO2 efflux was measured in three un-manipulated control plots and three flooded plots in two consecutive years. Flooding was achieved by permanent irrigation during the growing seasons. Radiocarbon signatures of CO2 from different sources including soil CO2 efflux, incubated peat cores and live grass roots were repeatedly analyzed for partitioning of soil CO2 efflux. Additionally, heterotrophic respiration and its radiocarbon signature were determined by eliminating rhizosphere respiration in trenched subplots (only control). In the control plots, rhizosphere respiration determined by 14C signatures contributed between 47 and 61% during the growing season, but was small (4%) immediately before budding. Trenching revealed a smaller rhizosphere contribution of 33% (2009) and 22% (2010) during growing seasons. Flooding reduced annual soil CO2 efflux of the fen by 42% in 2009 and by 30% in 2010. The reduction was smaller in 2010 mainly through naturally elevated water level in the control plots. A 1-week interruption of irrigation caused a strong short-lived increase in soil CO2 efflux, demonstrating the sensitivity of the fen to water table drawdown near the peat surface. The reduction in soil CO2 efflux in the flooded plots diminished the relative proportion of rhizosphere respiration from 56 to 46%, suggesting that rhizosphere respiration was slightly more sensitive to flooding than heterotrophic respiration. We conclude that the moderate decrease in rhizosphere respiration following flooding arises from a gradual change in vegetation in this fen ecosystem.

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LI, Wei-Jing, Shi-Ping CHEN, Bing-Wei ZHANG, Xing-Ru TAN, Shan-Shan WANG et Cui-Hai YOU. « Partitioning of soil respiration components and evaluating the mycorrhizal contribution to soil respiration in a semiarid grassland ». Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 42, n^o 8 (2018) : 850–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0068.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Partitioning of soil respiration"

Murray, Sam. « Development of a soil respiration isotopic sampling system ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9652.

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The rate of carbon turnover in soil is a balance between the input of carbon by plants through their roots and associated fungi and the loss of carbon due to plant and microbial respiration, oxidation and leaching. Soil carbon dynamics are notoriously difficult to measure, and being able to separate total soil respiration into its autotrophic and heterotrophic components would help understanding of carbon cycling processes. Where autotrophic respiration originates from roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi, using newly fixed carbon, and heterotrophic respiration originates from the breakdown of older soil organic matter. By calculating the δ¹³C signature of respired CO₂ (the ratio of the abundances of C isotopes ¹²C and ¹³C) it is possible to determine whether it is of heterotrophic or autotrophic origin. In this study a 6 chamber, constant CO₂ concentration measuring apparatus was developed to determine both the rate of CO₂ efflux and to collect undisturbed CO₂ samples for isotope analysis. This apparatus was tested using live soil samples with different δ¹³C values (-22 ‰ to -27 ‰) and respiration rates (2 – 8 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) obtained from various locations in New Zealand. Testing involved taking samples using the respiration apparatus, then incubating the same samples in a bag, and then comparing the two. There was no difference between the results from the soil respiration apparatus and the bags (R²=0.96, p=0.0002). Twelve microcosms including soil and grass were extracted from a newly converted dairy farm and placed into in growth cabinets. Diurnal courses of partitioned soil respiration were made over 24 hours with constant soil temperature to eliminate temperatures effect on soil respiration. Half were then covered with 90% shade cloth for 12 days to test if a reduction in light (and therefore newly fixed carbon) would have any effect on soil respiration. There was a significant reduction in soil respiration, yet no detectable change in the δ¹³C of soil respired CO₂ under heavily shaded treatment. There was however there was a shift towards heterotrophic dominated respiration. This shows that while L. perenne is resilient to surrounding conditions it is susceptible to change if exposed to different conditions for prolonged periods of time. The use of this new technique in the field will allow improved understanding of factors effecting soil C efflux.

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Rühr, Nadine Katrin. « Soil respiration in a mixed mountain forest : environmental drivers and partitioning of component fluxes / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18297.

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Heim, Brett Christopher. « Partitioning soil respiration in response to drought and fertilization in loblolly pine : laboratory and field approaches ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25757.

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An understanding of ecosystem-level carbon (C) sequestration, or net ecosystem production (NEP), requires the separation of heterotrophic, microbial respiration (RH) from autotrophic, root-derived respiration (RA) as the components of RS (i.e., NEP = NPP - RH). However, separating these two sources in situ has been problematic since they are closely coupled. This study utilizes two similarly aged Pinus taeda L. stands, 8 and 9 years-old, aimed at quantifying these two respiration components through in-situ root severing. In order to use root-severing treatments to separate RS into RH and RA components, confirmation of carbohydrate depletion coupled to RA decline is crucial. This study evaluated the changes in CO2 flux rates and carbohydrate supply upon root severing in Pinus taeda L. using a controlled laboratory validating a two-part field study. The first field study used root-severing cores to test in-situ if respiration components can be attained based on the depletion of carbohydrate supply. The second field study was aimed at how future changes in climate might affect the ability of forests to store C and how modern forestry practices might affect changes and was conducted over the course of two installations, spring and summer 2012. In this study we examined the effects of fertilization (0 and 100.9 kg N ha-1 ) and throughfall reduction (0 and -30%) on total soil respiration (RS) as well as the heterotrophic contribution to RS, in a fully replicated (n=4), 2x2 factorial design. In the controlled lab experiment RS and RA declined by 86% and 95% respectively by the end of an 86 day trial and NSC carbohydrates declined by 60% for soluble, 29% for insoluble, and 43% for total (soluble + insoluble). The decline of RA was highly correlated to with the decline of NSC’s at 0.90, 0.69 and 0.93 for soluble, insoluble and total, respectively. The companion field study revealed a mean decrease 21±0.5% of over the final three dates when severed root respiration stabilized. In the second study, testing throughfall reduction and fertilization levels there were no fertilization by throughfall reduction interactions on the contribution of RH to RS in either the spring or summer; however, the main effect of throughfall reduction was significant in the spring. During the spring, the mean contribution of RH to RS for ambient throughfall plots was 96±6.4%, while the mean contribution under throughfall reduction was 68±1.9%. During the summer, there were no differences among treatments and the overall contribution of RH to RS was 78±1.6%. Collectively, both of these studies revealed that the severing of roots from their primary energy source and the subsequent depletion of stored NSC that the use of in-situ methods allows for the quantification of soil respiration components RA and RH. Using these estimates to model NEP in the short-term can be variable by season, however, long-term monitoring may simplify future NEP modeling scenarios
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Nottingham, Andrew Thomas. « The carbon balance of tropical forest soils : partitioning sources of respiration ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608423.

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FERRE', CHIARA. « Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural and forest soils ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7483.

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Global climate change is becoming a central issue in contemporary science as well as politics. There is a long-lasting debate about the cause of the climate change: anthropogenic activity versus the natural cycle. However, a scientific consensus is coming a conclusion that the contemporary climate change is mainly caused by anthropogenic emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG), including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). The main objective of the thesis is the monitoring of such GHG emissions from two ecosystem types: a forest and a rice paddy ecosystem. The forest site is a EMEP experimental station, taking part of the activity of GHG-AGOLU of FP7-JRC project, while the agricultural ecosystem was included in the CarboEurope project and represents also a Level 3 site in the frame of NitroEurope project. The gas monitoring was carried out in 2008. The thesis is composed by 4 chapters, corresponding to specific objectives. The first chapter is relative to the study of the spatial variability of the main soil chemical and physical properties on the basis of which the gas monitoring points were selected. The second and the third chapters are relative to a cropland site. In particular, the second chapter includes monitoring data of CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes from the paddy field, both during the crop growth season and the fallow period, and the validation results of the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model, a process-oriented biogeochemical model used for simulating soil gas emissions from the paddy field, are reported. The third chapter contains the study of characterization of microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), at eight sampling dates representative of different soil conditions and crop stages and consequently characterized by distinct soil greenhouse emission rates. The fourth and last chapter includes the monitoring study of soil respiration in a forest site and its partitioning into autotrophic and heterotrophic components, applying the indirect linear regression method.

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Deliberali, Isabel. « Captura e alocação de carbono em Pinus taeda e Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis sob manejos hídricos e nutricionais distintos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-09032016-112849/.

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O gênero Pinus ocupa no Brasil uma área plantada de 1,59 milhão de hectares e tem uma ampla faixa de produtividade florestal (18 a 45 m3 ha-1 ano-1), em função das espécies utilizadas, das limitações edáficas, dos tipos de clima, melhoramento genético e, e alguns casos, pela ocorrência de pragas e doenças. Apesar do conhecimento de que o aumento da disponibilidade de recursos naturais (luz, água e nutrientes) eleva a produção de madeira, faz-se necessário compreender como estes recursos influenciam os processos de captura (produção primária bruta ou GPP) e alocação de carbono (C) para os diferentes compartimentos da floresta (raiz, lenho, galhos e folhas). Além disso, o grau de controle genético é de grande importância nesses processos e também deve ser analisado. Assim, este projeto objetivou quantificar as taxas de captura e alocação de carbono em uma espécie de Pinus tropical (P. caribaea var. hondurensis) e em uma subtropical (P. taeda), dos 6,5 aos 8,5 anos de idade, em parcelas controle (sem fertilização e sem irrigação) e parcelas fertilizadas e irrigadas. O experimento está localizado no município de Itatinga - SP e se utilizou o método do balanço de carbono para estimar a produtividade primária líquida da parte aérea (ANPP), o fluxo de carbono para o solo (TBCF), produtividade primária bruta (GPP) e produtividade líquida do ecossistema (NEP). Ao final do estudo, a biomassa do tronco foi 75% superior no P. caribaea var. hondurensis (126 Mg ha-1) do que no P. taeda (72 Mg ha-1), sendo que em ambas as espécies houveram ganhos significativos com a fertilização e irrigação. O primeiro ano avaliado foi mais seco do que o segundo (1195 contra 1487 mm), resultando em diferenças nos fluxos calculados. A produção de tronco do P. caribaea var. hondurensis variou de 722 a 1569 gC m-2 ano-1, enquanto do P. taeda foi de 221 a 452 gC m-2 ano-1. A espécie subtropical obteve os maiores valores de TBCF, variando de 1150 a 2197 gC m-2 ano-1, e para as duas espécies se encontrou relação do TBCF com a ANPP e GPP. Assim, encontrou-se que a maior produtividade da espécie tropical é resultado de seu maior GPP (4964 contra 3744 gC m-2 ano-1 no P. taeda), maior partição de carbono para incremento de tronco (22% contra 9% no P. taeda) e menor partição para TBCF (23% contra 45% no P. taeda). Já a fertilização e irrigação não mudaram a partição da GPP para a ANPP e TBCF comparado ao tratamento controle, e o ganho em produção de madeira foi explicado apenas pelo aumento na GPP (11%). A NEP para ambas as espécies foi positiva, mostrando que essas espécies estão atuando como drenos de carbono. Assim, o conhecimento de como a captura e alocação de C é afetada pela espécie, água e nutrição terá aplicação sobre o manejo florestal, além de propiciar valores de fluxos essenciais para a calibração de modelos ecofisiológicos de produção, ainda inexistentes para essas espécies no Brasil.
The genus Pinus in Brazil has a planted area of 1.59 million hectares and it has a wide range of forest productivity (18-45 m3 ha-1 yr-1) depending on the species, edaphic limitations, climate, breeding and, in some cases, the occurrence of pests and diseases. Despite knowing that the increased resources availability (light, water and nutrients) improves the production of wood, it is necessary to understand how these features influence the uptake processes (gross primary production or GPP) and carbon allocation (C) on the different forest compartments (root, bole, branch and leaf). Furthermore, the degree of genetic control is rather important in these processes and should also be analyzed. Thus, this project aimed to quantify carbon sequestration and allocation rates in a tropical pine (P. caribaea var. hondurensis) and a subtropical one (P. taeda), from ages 6.5 to 8.5 years old, in control plots (no fertilization and no irrigation) and fertilized and irrigated plots. The experimental site is located in Itatinga- SP and the carbon balance approach was used to estimate the above ground net primary production (ANPP), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP). At the end of the study, the bole biomass was 75% higher in the P. caribaea var. hondurensis (126 Mg ha-1) than in P. taeda (72 Mg ha-1), and in both species there were substantial improvements with fertilization and irrigation. The first year evaluated was drier than the second (from 1195 to 1487 mm), resulting in differences in the calculated fluxes. The P. caribaea var. hondurensis bole production ranged from 722 to 1569 gC m-2 yr- 1, while the P. taeda showed values from 221 to 452 gC m-2 yr-1. The subtropical specie obtained the largest values of TBCF (from 1150 to 2197 gC m-2 yr-1), and on both species there was relationship between TBCF and ANPP and GPP.Thus, the higher productivity of tropical specie is a result of higher GPP (4964 versus 3744 gC m-2 yr-1 in the P. taeda), increased carbon partitioning to bole increment (22% versus 9% in the P. taeda) and smaller partitioning for TBCF (23% versus 45% in the P. taeda). Fertilization and irrigation have not changed the partitioning from GPP to ANPP and TBCF compared to the control plots, and increase in the production of wood it has been explained only by increased GPP (11%). The NEP for both species was positive, showing that these species are acting as carbon sinks. Therefore, the knowledge of how the carbon sequestration and allocation is affected by the species, water and nutrition will have application on forest management, besides providing values of essential fluxes for calibration of ecophysiological production models, still non-existent for these species in Brazil.

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Stewart, Heather 1971. « Partitioning belowground respiration in a northern peatland ». Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98806.

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To further the understanding of respiration processes of northern peatlands, the relative importance of each type of belowground respiration was determined at Mer Bleue, a northern peatland located near Ottawa, Ontario, from June to November, 2003. Direct measurements of total, soil organic matter (SOM) and root respiration were made, with rhizosphere respiration determined by residual. Although an aboveground source, determination of live Sphagnum respiration was also attempted in the field. To identify changes in CO2 fluxes with environmental conditions, peat temperature and water table levels were monitored throughout the study period.
SOM respiration was higher than hypothesized at 63% while root and rhizosphere respiration were lower than hypothesized at 21% and 16%, respectively, of total belowground respiration. As the field experiment for determining live Sphagnum respiration was unsuccessful, it was determined by calculation to be 18% of total respiration, slightly higher than hypothesized. Opposite of hypothesized, air temperatures, peat temperatures and water table levels generally had weak and insignificant relationships when linearly regressed with total respiration.

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Zia, Afia. « Soil-solution partitioning of metals ». Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3163/.

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ABSTRACT Soil- solution partitioning of metals determines the behaviour and toxicity of metals. Lead, copper, zinc and nickel are common pollutants, and due to historic metal deposition from the atmosphere, high levels of these metals have accumulated in upland organic soils in the UK. Atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen, and climate change, can affect soil solution pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and both pH and DOC are known to affect soil-solution partitioning of metals. In this thesis, metal concentrations were determined in archived soil and soil solution samples from a regional survey of upland sites in northern England with contrasting soils, and two experiments were undertaken to assess the effect of temperature and nitrogen deposition composition on metal concentrations in soil solution. In each case, a common objective was to assess whether variation in metal concentrations in soil solution could be explained by changes in soil solution pH and DOC concentration. Lead concentrations in soil solution were modified by heating, but not the composition of nitrogen deposition, and lead showed a strong affinity for organic matter in soils and soil solution. Zinc concentrations were affected by both heating and nitrogen deposition, with the strongest effect being through changes in pH. However, in the case of both zinc and nickel, there were also associations with DOC concentrations, indicating that the organic phase becomes more significant for partitioning of metals between soil and soil solution in organic-rich soils. For copper, there was little effect of heating or nitrogen deposition, and the strongest association was with nitrate, rather than pH or DOC, in soil solution. Future research should be focused on more comprehensive studies dealing with the relationship between DOC, pH, climate, nitrogen deposition and metal in the field, with supporting laboratory experiments.

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Denton, Laura Elaine Scott. « Soil respiration at a Colorado subalpine forest ». Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3165811.

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Hartley, Iain P. « The response of soil respiration to temperature ». Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434021.

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Livres sur le sujet "Partitioning of soil respiration"

J, Pollock C., Farrar J. F et Gordon A. J, dir. Carbon partitioning, within and between organisms. Oxford : Bios Scientific, 1992.

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Naumov, A. V. Dykhanie pochvy : Sostavli︠a︡i︠u︡shchie, ėkologicheskie funkt︠s︡ii, geograficheskie zakonomernosti. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo Sibirskogo otd-nii︠a︡ Rossiĭskoĭ Akademii Nauk, 2009.

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Gardea, Alfonso A. Water partitioning and respiration activity of dormant grape buds. 1992.

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Zhou, Xuhui, et Luo Yiqi. Soil Respiration and the Environment. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2010.

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Soil Respiration and the Environment. Academic Press, 2006.

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Soil Respiration and the Environment. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-088782-8.x5000-1.

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Luo, Yiqi, et Xuhui Zhou. Soil Respiration and the Environment. Academic Press, 2006.

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Forest Soil Respiration under Climate Changing. MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03897-179-5.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Boreas Te-5 Soil Respiration Data. Independently Published, 2018.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Partitioning of soil respiration"

Gavrichkova, Olga, Ilya Evdokimov et Riccardo Valentini. « Comparative Study of Soil Respiration Partitioning Methods for Herbaceous Ecosystems ». Dans Springer Geography, 106–11. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89602-1_14.

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Brumme, R., W. Borken et J. Prenzel. « Soil Respiration ». Dans Ecological Studies, 337–51. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b82392_18.

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Ölinger, R., T. Beck, B. Heilmann et F. Beese. « Soil Respiration ». Dans Methods in Soil Biology, 93–110. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_6.

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Anderson, John P. E. « Soil Respiration ». Dans Agronomy Monographs, 831–71. Madison, WI, USA : American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c41.

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Lankreijer, H., I. A. Janssens, N. Buchmann, B. Longdoz, D. Epron et S. Dore. « Measurement of Soil Respiration ». Dans Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests, 37–54. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05171-9_3.

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Spero, Melanie A., Saheed Imam, Daniel R. Noguera et Timothy J. Donohue. « Electron Partitioning in Anoxic Phototrophic Bacteria ». Dans Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 679–700. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7481-9_32.

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Singh, Bhupinder Pal, Vivien de Rémy de Courcelles et Mark A. Adams. « Soil Respiration in Future Global Change Scenarios ». Dans Soil Biology, 131–53. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_7.

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Hanson, Paul J., Elizabeth G. O’Neill, M. Lala S. Chambers, Jeffery S. Riggs, J. Devereux Joslin et Mark H. Wolfe. « Soil Respiration and Litter Decomposition ». Dans Ecological Studies, 163–89. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0021-2_10.

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Morishita, T., O. V. Masyagina, T. Koike et Y. Matsuura. « Soil Respiration in Larch Forests ». Dans Ecological Studies, 165–82. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9693-8_9.

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Weber, Andreas P. M. « Synthesis, Export and Partitioning of the End Products of Photosynthesis ». Dans Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 273–92. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4061-0_14.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Partitioning of soil respiration"

Li, Zhanfeng, Liping Shang, Hu Deng, Youliang Ma et Shunli Wang. « An Unattended Detection Method of Soil Respiration ». Dans 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5661254.

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SASNAUSKIENĖ, Jurgita, Nomeda SABIENĖ, Vitas MAROZAS, Laima ČESONIENĖ et Kristina LINGYTĖ. « SOIL RESPIRATION IN STANDS OF DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.106.

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Forest ecosystems of different tree species participate actively in climatic and biotic processes, such as photosynthesis, plant and soil respiration, therefore knowledge of soil respiration, especially of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere is of great importance. The aim of the study was to determine soil respiration rate of stands of deciduous (Betula pubescens Ehrh., Quercus robur L.) and coniferous (Larix eurolepis Henry, Thuja occidentalis L.) tree species as well as impact of abiotic (soil temperature, humidity, electrical conductivity, pH) and biotic (abundance of undergrowth, shrub, herbs) factors. Measurements of CO2 emissions, temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity were performed in-situ in the stands of different tree species with portable ADC BioScientific LCpro+ system and digital electrochemical device “Wet” (Delta-T). Soil samples were collected for the physicochemical analysis simultaneously. Chemical analysis of soil samples was done at the lab of the Environmental Research of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University by standard methods. Soil respiration was highest in the stand of Thuja occidentalis and lowest in the stand of Betula pubescens. Soil respiration intensity of the tree stands increased as follow: Thuja˂ Quercus˂ Larix˂ Betula. In the coniferous tree stands, the soil respiration was lower on average 27% comparing to deciduous tree stands. Soil respiration rate increased with increase of herbaceous vegetation cover and temperature. Soil respiration rate was mostly influenced by abundance of herbaceous vegetation (r = 0.91) of all biotic factors investigated, while soil temperature (r = 0.75) of abiotic factors. 60 years old stands of different tree species formed specific conditions what influenced different soil respiration rates.

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Ibrahim, Mostafa, et Michael Thompson. « WHAT SOIL PROPERTIES REGULATE RESPIRATION RATE AS AN INDICATOR OF SOIL HEALTH ? » Dans 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-312374.

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Qiu, Xia, Yun-Peng Zhang, Kai-Li Chen, Zhi-Hui Wang et Xun Wang. « Effects of Soil Amelioration on Photosynthetic Physiology and Soil Respiration of Blueberry ». Dans The International Conference on Biological Sciences and Technology. Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bst-16.2016.32.

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Dubova, L., V. Šteinberga, O. Mutere, I. Jansone et I. Alsiņa. « Influence of organic and conventional soil management system on soil respiration and enzymatic activity ». Dans Proceedings of the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814322119_0015.

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Ding, Cheng, Zhaoxia Li et Jinlong Yan. « Effect of p-Chlorophenol on Soil Respiration and Urease Activity ». Dans 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ETT and GRS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ettandgrs.2008.170.

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Finegan, Haley, Seth Jaffe, Angela Leon, Kim Lytle, Edward Morgan, Charlotte Greene, Anne Meyer et al. « Development of an Autonomous Agricultural Vehicle to Measure Soil Respiration ». Dans 2019 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2019.8735598.

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Jia, LiangQuan, XiangGe Li, TongYu Zhu, Ying Zang, Xu Huang, HuaNan Leng et Lu Gao. « Design of soil respiration monitoring system based on TDLAS technology ». Dans 2022 4th International Conference on Intelligent Control, Measurement and Signal Processing (ICMSP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmsp55950.2022.9859175.

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Huang, Xiang. « Advances in the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Respiration and Carbon Balance ». Dans 3rd International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks (WCSN 2016). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icwcsn-16.2017.148.

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Niu, Mingfen, Wendi Xu, Tieshan Ming et Andong Ge. « Effect of chlorpyrifos on microbial respiration and enzyme activities in soil ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6068034.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Partitioning of soil respiration"

Raich, James W., et Germán Mora. Biomass Production and Soil Respiration in Experimental Riparian Grass Filter Strips. Ames : Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1810.

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Hewltt, Alan D. Laboratory Study of Volatile Organic Compound Partitioning, Vapor/Aqueous/Soil. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337494.

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Roberts, Scott D. Exploratory Research - Using Volatile Organic Compounds to Separate Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Forest Soil Respiration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169520.

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Raich, J. W. Interannual Variability in Global Soil Respiration on a 0.5 Degree Grid Cell Basis (1980-1994). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885610.

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Nowak, Robert S. EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 ON ROOT FUNCTION AND SOIL RESPIRATION IN A MOJAVE DESERT ECOSYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/968649.

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Bradford, M. A., J. M. Melillo, J. F. Reynolds, K. K. Treseder et M. D. Wallenstein. Heterotrophic Soil Respiration in Warming Experiments : Using Microbial Indicators to Partition Contributions from Labile and Recalcitrant Soil Organic Carbon. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981713.

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PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE INC DENVER CO. Two-Year Soil Gas Sampling and Respiration Testing Results for the Bioventing System at Spill Site Number 1, Eaker AFB, Arkansas. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, décembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384452.

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Gantzer, Clark J., Shmuel Assouline et Stephen H. Anderson. Synchrotron CMT-measured soil physical properties influenced by soil compaction. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587242.bard.

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Methods to quantify soil conditions of pore connectivity, tortuosity, and pore size as altered by compaction were done. Air-dry soil cores were scanned at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS sector at the Advanced Photon Source for x-ray computed microtomography of the Argonne facility. Data was collected on the APS bending magnet Sector 13. Soil sample cores 5- by 5-mm were studied. Skeletonization algorithms in the 3DMA-Rock software of Lindquist et al. were used to extract pore structure. We have numerically investigated the spatial distribution for 6 geometrical characteristics of the pore structure of repacked Hamra soil from three-dimensional synchrotron computed microtomography (CMT) computed tomographic images. We analyzed images representing cores volumes 58.3 mm³ having average porosities of 0.44, 0.35, and 0.33. Cores were packed with < 2mm and < 0.5mm sieved soil. The core samples were imaged at 9.61-mm resolution. Spatial distributions for pore path length and coordination number, pore throat size and nodal pore volume obtained. The spatial distributions were computed using a three-dimensional medial axis analysis of the void space in the image. We used a newly developed aggressive throat computation to find throat and pore partitioning for needed for higher porosity media such as soil. Results show that the coordination number distribution measured from the medial axis were reasonably fit by an exponential relation P(C)=10⁻C/C0. Data for the characteristic area, were also reasonably well fit by the relation P(A)=10⁻ᴬ/ᴬ0. Results indicates that compression preferentially affects the largest pores, reducing them in size. When compaction reduced porosity from 44% to 33%, the average pore volume reduced by 30%, and the average pore-throat area reduced by 26%. Compaction increased the shortest paths interface tortuosity by about 2%. Soil structure alterations induced by compaction using quantitative morphology show that the resolution is sufficient to discriminate soil cores. This study shows that analysis of CMT can provide information to assist in assessment of soil management to ameliorate soil compaction.

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PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE INC DENVER CO. Two-Year Soil Gas Sampling and Respiration Testing Results Report for Full-Scale Bioventing at the POL Yard, Sites SS-06 and ST-40, Wurtsmith AFB, Michigan. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384533.

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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton et Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.

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