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1
RADAELLI, ISABELLA. « Genere e parentela tra i Mosuo della Cina sudoccidentale : trame storiche e voci etnografiche ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/81164.
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The Mosuo people, also known as Na, are one of the many ethnic groups in China officially recognized by the Government as a branch of Naxi, although they regard themselves as historically and culturally different from them (Gladney 1994; Harrel 2001). The cultural centers of the Mosuo people, covering an area of six hundred and forty two square kilometers, are situated in the Yongning plateau and the touristic site of Lugu lake, which is in the northern extremity of Ninglang, on the borders of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces in Southwestern China. Even though there is variety in matrimonial practices and familial configurations according to the different places where the Mosuo people are settled, they are best known for their matrilineal system (often referred as matriarchal) and for the practice of the so-called visiting relationship (zouhun 走婚 “walking marriage” in Chinese and tisese “to go back and forth” in Naru language). In brief, tisese had been the preferred sexual relation modality among the Yongning Mosuo until the end of the Sixties as an alternative to marriage: it does not involve cohabitation, since the man visits the woman during the night and at daybreak he returns to his maternal household. The only prerequisite for starting a tisese relationship is the mutual agreement between partners; no ceremony or exchange of services is required (Shih 2010). The relationship between partners does not create ties between them, nor between the respective relatives, even if nowadays fathers care about children’s needs and education (Mathieu 2003; Shih 2010). The traditional basic social unit is set up by a group of men and women related to the female line, usually up to three generations who all live together inside the maternal house. Since there is not husband-wife relationship, the fundamental tie is between brother and sister: they live together and share out the work to maintain the household. This work take into consideration the changing environments of Mosuo matrilineal society with a focus on two small communities, one driven by subsistent farming, the other based on tourism services and income. Following this perspective, the author tried to look at families and kinship-based groups and their local word-views.
2
Huang, Penelope M. « Negotiating gender, work, and family : examining gendered consequences of leave-taking over time / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8921.
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Trellu, Hélène. « Expériences de pères en congé parental d’éducation : recompositions de la parentalité et du genre ? » Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1010.
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Ce travail de thèse concerne les pères qui bénéficient d’une allocation parentale d’éducation dans la mesure où ils ont cessé ou réduit leur activité professionnelle pour se consacrer à leurs enfants. Le coeur de la recherche prend donc la forme d’une enquête qualitative, fondée principalement sur le recueil d’entretiens auprès de ces pères. Une rencontre avec leur conjointe a également été réalisée. Les analyses du matériau recueilli mettent en relation la décision, pour les hommes, de prendre un congé parental avec les autres paramétres de leur parcours de vie, Les analyses rendent compte également de l’articulation, des négociations des temps professionnel, parental et domestique au sein des couples. La confrontation entre, d’une part, les pratiques des hommes et de leur conjointe et d’autre part, les représentations des rôles parentaux, permet de déceler des points d’avancée en matière de mixité mais aussi des logiques de résistancesThis thesis focuses on fathers who have stopped or cut down their professional activity to focus on raising their children. The heart of the research consists in a qualitative survey, based on interviews of fathers. I have also met their partners. The analysis led shows the relation between the decision made by those men with the other parameters of their life (family situation and family projects, academical and professional backgrounds, social origins, family history. . . ). It also shows how couples share and manage their professional, parental and household agendas. Confrontations between on one hand mens practices and theirs of their partners’, and on the other hand has parental role’s representations allow us to detect progress concerning gender equality but also logics of resistances which reinforce male and female respective characterïstics
4
Brachet, Sara. « Genre, parentalité et congé parental en Suède ». Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100164.
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En 1974, la Suède est le premier pays au monde à mettre en place un système d'assurance parentale, offrant aux pères et aux mères exactement les mêmes possibilités de bénéficier d'un congé parental rémunéré en fonction du salaire antérieur. Ce nouveau dispositif de la politique familiale, englobé dans une politique plus large d'égalité des sexes, avait pour objectif principal d'instaurer une meilleure répartition des responsabilités parentales entre les deux parents. Trente ans plus tard, les statistiques montrent que ce congé est toujours essentiellement une affaire de femmes. Cette recherche propose une réflexion sur les raisons de la persistance des comportements dits traditionnels. Le recours au congé parental est alors un moyen d'appréhender les pratiques sexuées de la parentalité. Les statistiques nationales existantes se sont toutefois révélées insuffisantes pour analyser le congé dans une perspective de genre. Cette recherche s'appuie sur une enquête quantitative et qualitative, réalisée en 2000, portant sur le recours au congé parental dans la ville d'Uppsala en SuèdeIn 1974, Sweden was the first country in the wor1d to set up a system of parental insurance, offering to mothers as well as to fathers exactly the same possibilities to take a parentalleave, paid according to the former wages. This new fami1y po1icy measure, included within a broader policy of gender equality, aimed to establish a better distribution of responsibilities between parents. Thirty years later on, the statistics show that this leave is still primarily the affair of women. This research proposes an analysis of the reasons of the persistence of the "traditiona1" behaviour. The use of parental leave is then a means of apprehending the gendered practices of parenthood. National statistics however are insufficient to analyse the take-up of parental leave from a gender perspective. This research thus is based on a quantitative and qualitative survey, carried out in 2000, on the use the parentalleave in the town of Uppsala in Sweden
5
Bellisario, Lisa. « Gender-based processes in parental identification ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0010/NQ40241.pdf.
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Leonard, Roger, et Andrea D. Clements. « Parental Attitudes Toward Cross-Gender Behavior ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7302.
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Bentiri, Najat. « soutien au parentage (individuel ou en groupe) selon le genre et l'origine culturelle des parents en situation de vulnérabilité ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30100.
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L'offre de soutien à la parentalité est aujourd'hui multiple. Pourtant nombre de parents en situation de vulnérabilité ne la sollicite pas. Outre les logiques de prévention de la délinquance ou de l'aide sociale à l'enfance, il est nécessaire en France de développer l'évaluation des programmes qui accompagnent et valorisent les compétences éducatives des parents (parentage). A la suite de l'étude de Steen et al. (2012), cette recherche-action évalue, auprès de 77 parents en situation de vulnérabilité, le programme « Etre Parent de Jeunes Enfants » (EPJE) conçu par Terrisse et Pithon (2008). Il s'agit plus particulièrement d'en cerner les effets sur l'évolution des connaissances et du sentiment de compétence parentale, selon la modalité d'accompagnement des parents (en entretien ou en groupe), leur genre ou leur origine culturelle (française ou maghrébine). Les résultats quantitatifs mettent en évidence une progression significative des connaissances et du sentiment de compétences en 15 heures de formation, mais ne dégagent pas de différences significatives selon le genre ou les origines culturelles étudiées. Les analyses qualitatives, par contre, soulignent certaines spécificités : l'entretien permet une meilleure prise en compte personnalisée de la singularité de chacun ; la formation en groupe favorise le lien de participation élective (Paugam, 2008).Les recherches menées sur ce programme confirment sa pertinence auprès de parents en situation de vulnérabilité. Les préconisations sur les modalités de formation à mettre en œuvre réserveraient plutôt l'entretien pour un soutien en prévention secondaire voire tertiaire et le groupe plutôt pour la prévention primaire.Mots clés : parentalité ; sentiment de compétence parental ; vulnérabilité; entretien ; groupe ; cultureThe offer of support to parenthood is now multiple. Nevertheless many parents in situations of vulnerability do not solicit it. In addition to the logic of delinquency prevention or social assistance to childhood, France has to develop the evaluation of programs that help and enhance the skills of the parents in education (parenting). As a result of the study by Steen et al. (2012), this action-research evaluates, with 77 parents in situations of vulnerability, the "Being Parent of young children" (EPJE) program designed by Terrisse and Pithon (2008). This research tries to identify the evolution of knowledges and feeling of parental competence, according to the training modalities (personal interview or group training), their gender, or their cultural origins (French or North African). Quantitative results highlight a significant increase of the knowledge and feeling of parental competence after 15 hours training, but no significant differences depending of cultural origins. On the other hand, qualitative analyses emphasize some specificity such as: the personal interview allows a better social support of each one and the group fosters the elective participation link (Paugam, 2008). This research confirms the relevance of this program to parents in situations of vulnerability. The recommendations on the training modalities to implement this program would be to use the personal interview for secondary, or even tertiary prevention, and the group for primary prevention.Keys words: parenthood; feeling of parental compétence;vulnerability; personal interview; Group; culture
8
Johansson, Elly-Ann. « Essays on schooling, gender, and parental leave / ». Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111210.
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Stanikzai, Razia. « Parental Involvement in Children's Education : A Gendered Perspective ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31808.
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The importance of parental involvement as an enabling factor in children’s education is well evidenced. Teachers have a critical role in facilitating or hindering parents’ involvement in their children’s learning. The research project provides an analysis of what teachers view as parents’ role in their children’s education with an emphasis on gender-differentiated involvement. It also discusses the barriers to parents’ involvement as well as explores whether teachers understand the importance of two-way communication between teachers and parents and the possibility of instituting such communication. The findings illustrate that teachers are well aware of the importance of parental involvement in their students’ learning. Teachers locate at-home support for children within the sphere of mothers’ role and consider support for children’s learning at other settings such as school and community as part of fathers’ role. In terms of who should participate in mechanism such as School Management Shuras(SMS) or who the teachers should contact for communication about children’s learning experience at school, findings clearly indicate that teachers attribute this role to fathers. However, there are positive variations in the views of teachers in urban setting as well as those of female teachers who consider parent-teacher communication as the role of both fathers and mothers. Furthermore, the reasons for which teachers contact parents are largely with regards to issues such as child’s absence and problem with behaviors and performance. Inviting parents through SMS or calling them through phone were the ways selected by teachers to contact parents. The research identifies the need for schools to proactively encourage parental involvement through making the existing structures such as SMS more active and equally accessible to both mothers and fathers.
10
Leonard, Roger, et Andrea D. Clements. « Parental Gender Typing of Toys and Play Behaviors ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7303.
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Wang, Qing. « Occupational conditions, gender, and parental behaviors and values ». Thesis, This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040524/.
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Yildirim, Sehnaz. « Parental Grief Reactions After An Infant Death ». Master's thesis, METU, 2002. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/1008614/index.pdf.
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The aim of the present study was to examine whether there was a significant difference within each spouse’
s reports on grief reactions after an infant death. It was also aimed to investigate whether demographic variables including gender, age, education of grieved parents, gender and age of deceased infant, presence of other children were predictors of parental grief reactions after an infant death. The sample of the present study consisted of 55 couples experiencing an infant death within the last 2 years. Sample was recruited through death records kept in hospital and municipalities of Ankara by the researcher. To test the hypotheses of the study paired samples t-test and stepwise regression analyses were performed. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was a significant difference within each spouse&
#8217
s reports on despair, panic behavior, blame and anger, detachment, and disorganization as separate dimensions of grief. Mothers experienced higher levels of despair, panic behavior, blame and anger, detachment, and disorganization than fathers. There was no significant difference within each spouse&
#8217
s score on personal growth. It was found that being a mother and having lost boy infant were proved as the predictors of parents&
#8217
higher levels of grief reactions. Age and education of grieved parents, age of deceased infant, presence of other children were not associated with parental grief reactions. It was found that younger age of deceased infant and presence of other children were proved as predictors of grieved parents&
#8217
higher levels of personal growth. The findings of the study were discussed with related literature.
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Weyland, Kirstie S. « Parental Incarceration and Juvenile Delinquency : The Role of Gender ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9021.
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Parental incarceration is connected to many negative outcomes for children including negative externalizing behaviors. Most studies are not conclusive in determining whether maternal incarceration or paternal incarceration has a more detrimental impact on children. This study looks at a sample of 2,458 youth from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS) and their parents and compares the gender of the incarcerated parent and that of the child to determine if there are differences in the risk of delinquent behavior among adolescent children. Results found that parental incarceration overall increased the risk of juvenile delinquency and that female children are at greater risk of delinquency if their mothers were incarcerated. Overall, the empirical results suggest that the gender of the parent and child matter in influencing delinquent behavior. Because maternal incarceration appears to be more consequential for female daughters' participation in delinquent acts, there may be a need to have more gendered research when studying juvenile delinquency and parental incarceration.
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Gao, Qianyun. « Parental Bargaining and Gender Gap in Primary Education Expenditure ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1696.
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This paper examines the gender gap in human capital investment in India from the perspective of intra-household bargaining. I test whether the existing gender disparity in bargaining power, in the form of educational attainment of parents, contributes to the differences in educational expenditure between sons and daughters. As the proxy for bargaining power, fathers’ and mothers’ educational attainments both have a positive impact on the human capital investment for the children, but the gender gap widens with fathers’ education and narrows with mothers’. The results are robust controlling for additional variables such as age, number of siblings, household income, caste and location. These findings suggest that mothers may have a preference for daughters’ education. When their bargaining power rises, families tend to spend more equal amounts on the education of daughters and sons. Policies aiming at improving gender equality in education should take into account the decision-making process.
15
Kim, Jennie Hyun Chung. « Korean American children's evaluations of parental gender expectations of children's gender-related peer activities ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2018.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lowery, Virginia. « The Influence of Children's Gender and Behavior on Parental Perceptions ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/293.
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Parents' perceptions of children's behavior may vary depending on the gender of the child and the type of behavior displayed. It is important to delineate which factor(s) influence parental perceptions because parental perceptions directly influence whether or not parents respond to their children's behavior and how parents choose to manage the behavior. The present study examined how the gender of the child and the types of behaviors (internalizing vs. externalizing) the child displays affect parental perceptions regarding the severity of the behavior. One hundred and three parents of children ages 1 V2 to 5 years in the Southeast region of the United States participated by reading several vignettes, which manipulated child gender and type of behaviors (internalizing vs. externalizing). Parents were also asked to rate the severity of the behavior described in four vignettes. A demographics questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000, 2001), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF; Abidin, 1995), and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ; Sarason & Sarason, 1982) were also completed. Results indicated that parents rated the male/externalizing scenario the most problematic of all four scenarios, while the female/externalizing scenario was rated the second most problematic. Parents rated the female/internalizing scenario as the third most problematic, while the male/internalizing scenario was rated by parents as the least problematic.
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Van, Gundy-Yoder Alana L. « Gender, parental attachment, and delinquency revisiting Hirschi's social bond theory / ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1172687526.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 18, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: Gender; Delinquency; Social Bond Theory; Generality vs. Gender Specificity Includes bibliographical references.
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VAN, GUNDY-YODER ALANA. « GENDER, PARENTAL ATTACHMENT, AND DELINQUENCY : REVISITING HIRSCHI'S SOCIAL BOND THEORY ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1172687526.
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RIVA, EGIDIO. « Il valore della conciliazione. L'equilibrio lavoro-vita tra scelta e necessità ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/177.
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La conciliabilità lavorativa è un nodo complesso del nostro tempo, che fatica ad essere sciolto. Non si tratta di un problema individuale da risolvere a livello personale, quanto piuttosto di una tematica a rilevanza societaria che richiede pertanto un intreccio virtuoso di progettazione politica, intervento legislativo e misure aziendali a supporto.
La questione tuttavia, non si gioca solo a livello istituzionale. Come mostrato dal presente lavoro di ricerca, infatti, lavoratori e le lavoratrici si trovano ad essere, in un quadro di generale incertezza, attori protagonisti di un lento e difficoltoso processo di trasformazione sociale e organizzativa che richiede un consenso unanime ed un accordo trasversale, pena la sua incompiutezza e contraddittorietà. Da qui l'importanza di chiarire e mettere in luce le differenti, e a volte contrapposte, valenze che il tema assume tra i diversi protagonisti del mondo del lavoro e mostrare come le relazioni personali e lavorative, familiari e di coppia, intervengano nella definizione e nell'utilizzo delle misure di conciliazione.Work-life integration is a complicated knot of our society, difficult to be undone. It is not a personal problem to be solved individually; rather it is a social issue and therefore needs a coherent mix of policy, legislation, organizational measures. Anyway the institutional level is not enough. Actually, as this work shows, men and women are the main characters of a slow and tough process of social and organizational change that requires the agreement of all the parties concerned. Thus it is important to make clear the different, and sometimes contrary, meanings of work-life integration among subjects acting in the labour market and to show how family, gender and labour relationships affect the definition and usage of work-life balance benefits.
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Chabot, Hendrik Theodorus Rössler Martin Röttger-Rössler Birgitt. « Kinship, status and gender in South Celebes / ». Leiden : KITLV press, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37507090p.
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Buller-Taylor, Terri. « Self-esteem and achievement : ethnicity, gender, parental love and coping styles ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/NQ34535.pdf.
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Sultan, Tipu. « Gender Equality a case study of Sweden : Gender Equality Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5726.
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The paper analyses Gender Equality, Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal as a case study of Sweden. The aim of paper is see the gender equality, gender equity, discrimination against women at workplace and to describe the policies combating inequality in the welfare state of Sweden. This work highlights the gender equality in terms of institutionalizing gender equality, gender equity, gender and pay gap, parental leave, gender and the pension system and sexual behavior directed towards women and policies combating inequality to bring equality in society. For my research I used the secondary data the fact sheets, scientific literature, statistics from eurostate of Sweden and case studies about Swedish society and the theoretical explanation to explain the phenomena. To achieve my aim I used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. I showed the empirical evidences of these phenomena from the Swedish society and theoretical analysis about equality and equity of gender in different wakes of life. I found an interesting conclusion that there are good policies and legislation to combat inequality to bring society but there are no policies to change the perception of society about male and female role.
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Samuel, Suzanne. « Adult community learning participation and parental involvement in schooling ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110489/.
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The argument that adult community learning (ACL) participation plays a part in influencing parents’ perceptions and practices with respect to schooling children is appealing but there is little evidence to show whether this is the case and, if so, what form it takes. Statistical studies have revealed mixed findings, ranging from no impact to some changes in behaviour when parents study at university. Yet, the mechanisms by which this process occurs are little understood. Considering the varied findings, this qualitative study aims to explore the nature and extent of ACL, and its influence on parents and children. Drawing on adult education theory and Bourdieu’s concept of ‘capital’, the study focuses on examples of parental ACL participation in Wales. Findings suggest that whilst all parents want the best for their children, some parents struggle to provide support, especially at secondary education stage. Parents typically draw upon a range of support mechanisms; they refer to the school, family and friends, the internet, work and volunteering, as well as hiring private tutors. Moreover, parents participating in multiple episodes of ACL, especially at the higher levels, draw upon and utilise their knowledge, skills, and resources to provide timely and effective support; this prevents slippage in the educational sense. Also, findings suggest that ACL participation stimulates and, in some cases, boosts children’s learning. In contrast, parents with low-level qualifications and parents who engage in fewer episodes of ACL, invariably have a far limited range of resources to call upon. Here, parents tend to rely heavily upon the school, family members, the internet, and if finances allow, private tutors. Consequently, when support is delayed or ineffective, this increases the risk of children falling behind at school. However, a solution to create a mutual mechanism of support in the home learning environment is put forward to overcome the problem.
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Hudson, Heather M. « Parental gender and literacy in the home environment predict early childhood gender and literacy in the school environment / ». Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 2007. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/education/2007/thesis_edu_2007_hudso_paren.pdf.
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Lang, Ariella. « Parental grief reactions and marital intimacy following infant death ». Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60525.
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The grief reactions of bereaved mothers and fathers and their perception of their marital relationship following the death of their infant were examined and compared with nonbereaved couples. The correlation between bereaved parents' grief reactions and their marital intimacy was also explored.A total of 114 couples participated in the study, 57 bereaved couples and 57 nonbereaved. Bereaved couples had lost an infant ($>$20 weeks gestation and $<$1 year of age) within 24 months of the home visit. Bereaved women rated their grief reactions higher than their spouse. Bereaved women also differed in their perceptions of their marital intimacy compared to their husbands.
Although no differences were found between bereaved and nonbereaved couples' ratings of their marital intimacy, aspects of the marital relationship emerged as predictors of mothers' and fathers' grief reactions. Thus, it would appear that the expressions of grief of bereaved parents and their relationship with each other are closely linked following the death of their infant.
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Cassano, Michael. « A Break from the Norm : Parental Emotion Regulation, Expectancy Violations, and Gender in the Parental Socialization of Sadness Regulation in Childhood ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CassanoM2008.pdf.
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Lin, Wan-Chuan. « Health disparity and gender preferences essays in economic demography / ». Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432786311&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lewis, Julia Ann. « Leave-taking experiences in the workplace gender differentials / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180491171.
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Bucci, Laura <1974>. « Parental longevity impacts on the health status of the offspring ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3441/1/Bucci_Laura_tesi.pdf.
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Bucci, Laura <1974>. « Parental longevity impacts on the health status of the offspring ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3441/.
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Debest, Charlotte. « Le choix d'une vie sans enfant : des individus confrontés aux normes sociales et de genre ». Paris 7, 2012. http://books.openedition.org/pur/68868.
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Cette thèse se propose d'étudier les personnes qui ont fait le choix d'une vie sans enfant. Elle s'appuie principalement sur des récits de vie mais utilise également des données quantitatives afin de circonscrire le phénomène. Deux enjeux principaux parcourent la thèse. Dans un premier temps, il s'agit de constituer le refus d'entrer en parentalité en un objet sociologique, pour ce qu'il comporte de mise en lumière des injonctions normatives et contradictoires de la société française. Le second enjeu est de saisir, dans une perspective compréhensive, les motivations des individus à ne pas devenir parent, la cohérence de leur choix et leur inscription dans un processus d'écart à la norme du faire famille. A partir d'entretiens réalisés dans une perspective biographique avec des personnes concernées par le sujet, la thèse reconstitue la construction du refus d'entrée en parentalité en interaction étroite avec les normes professionnelles, conjugales et parentales de la société, elles-mêmes insérées dans le système de genre. En creux, la thèse s'intéresse aux motivations des personnes qui souhaitent devenir parent et au cadre normatif de l'entrée en parentalité et de son exercice, qui émerge dans les années 1960This thesis looks at individuals who have chosen to remain childless. It is based mainly on personal accounts, but also uses quantitative data to gauge the extent of the phenomenon. The thesis pursues two main objectives. The first is to view the refusal of parenthood as a sociological object, in terms of its capacity to shed light on the normative and contradictory injunctions of French society. This second is to grasp, in an overall perspective, the reasons why individuals choose not to become parents, the rationality of their choice and their engagement in a process of deviation from the norm of family formation. On the basis of biographical interviews conducted with persons concerned by this question, the thesis reconstitutes the way in which refusal of parenthood is constructed, in close interaction with the occupational, conjugal and parental norms of society, themselves an integral part of the gender system. In a complementary manner, the thesis also explores the reasons given by individuals who do wish to have children, and the normative framework of procreation and parenthood which emerged in the 1960s
32
Roberts, Katie Ann. « Investigating Differences of Parental Involvement in Secondary Education across Child Gender, Ethnicity, and Year Level ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10369.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Parental involvement is widely considered to be an important part of the educational process throughout the years of schooling. However, few studies have discussed parental involvement at the secondary level, which is the focus of this thesis. The Parental Involvement in Secondary Education Questionnaire (PISEQ) was created to measure the type and level of parental involvement in children’s secondary education, and the degree of differences in parental involvement across gender, age, or ethnicity. The PISEQ includes both quantitative measures based on Likert scales and qualitative items to allow for more personalized and idiosyncratic responses. Individual subscales include Parent Communication, Parent Event Participation, Parent Facilitation of Study Environment, and Parental Involvement with School Work, School Facilitation of Parental Involvement, and School Communication with Parents. The PISEQ was administered to 163 parents (83.4% female) of a co-educational Decile 7 high school (years 9-13) in Christchurch, New Zealand. Parent participants were primarily of Pakeha/New Zealand European ethnicity (83%; 6% Asian; 5.4% Other Ethnic Group; 3% Pacific Islander; and 2% Maori) with mean age of parents 46.5 years (S.D. = 6.3). Results showed no differences between child gender groups for all parental involvement measures. As a group, ethnic minority parents were more involved with their child’s homework than Pakeha/European New Zealand parents. In addition, across the entire sample, parents of older children were less likely to facilitate a home study environment and assist with homework. Qualitative data showed that parents felt that the school communicated well, yet specific types and content of communication required development. Suggestions for improvement of parental involvement at secondary school level were discussed.
33
Kennedy, Caitlin E. « Parental Adherence Intentions for Obese Children's Health Behaviors| Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior ». Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current study examined how parental underestimations of child’s weight status, parental worry, and the Theory of Planned Behavior variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) predict intentions to adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations of four childhood health behaviors. These behaviors include: 1) eating five fruits and/or vegetables per day; 2) spending two hours or less on screen time (television, computer, and video games) per day; 3) engaging in at least one hour of physical activity per day; and 4) limiting (having zero) sugarsweetened beverages. Parents (N = 78) of overweight and obese children, ages six to 13 years old, were recruited from pediatric medical clinics and participated in an online study, where they were exposed to these AAP behavioral recommendations for children and completed online measures. Attitudes predicted of behavioral intentions for all recommendations except fruit and vegetable consumption. Subjective norms marginally predicted behavioral intentions for physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Perceived behavioral control predicted behavioral intentions for the four recommendations. Parental worry predicted behavioral intentions for fruit and vegetable consumption. Additional theoretical and practical implications of this research are also discussed.
34
Emery, Sophie. « Development of analytical methods for the stability assessment of parenteral nutrition ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/112136/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides intravenous nutritional support to patients with reduced gastrointestinal function. A PN bag comprises the basic building blocks of the food groups: lipids, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements. Recently there has been an increase in demand for extended storage periods for PN bags, to ease management of an increasing home care market. Prior to a PN formulation being deemed safe for a patient, a laboratory simulation is carried out on the proposed admixture under the requested storage and administration conditions. Currently only the physical stability is assessed; physical testing provides no information on the quantity of each component remaining in the bag after storage. Consequently, there is a need for assessing the chemical stability of PN to indicate the quantity of each component that remains in the PN bag. A commonly used amino acid product, Aminoven® 25, contains 16 amino acids; this work aimed to develop a HPLC assay capable of quantifying the amino acids in an aqueous PN bag containing Aminoven® 25. Fluorescence detection was used as it is a highly selective method of detection, which was preferable due to the number of components in PN. To detect the amino acids, as they don’t naturally fluoresce, derivatization was carried out using ortho-phthalaldehyde to form a fluorescing derivative. The developed assay resulted in validation of thirteen of the amino acids in Aminoven® 25. In addition, the method was shown to be unaffected by the iv presence of aqueous PN components, so this method is suitable for quantifying thirteen amino acids in aqueous PN containing Aminoven® 25. This assay can be used for assessing the stability during stability testing and confirming the quantity of amino acids after compounding for quality control release.
35
Smith, Natalie. « The influence of gender role stereotypes on perceptions of employees who take family leave / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18587.pdf.
Texte intégral
36
McLeod, Donald Angus. « Comparison of the RNA genomes of persistent and parental strains of human coronavirus 229E ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4791.
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37
Dearing, Helene. « Does parental leave influence the gender division of labour ? Recent empirical findings from Europe ». Institut für Sozialpolitik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4501/1/WP_HD_gesamt.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There has been increasingly interest in parental leave policies as instruments for the implementation of gender equality in society. This review essay explores the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour - referring to both paid employment and unpaid family work. Against this backdrop the essay systematically reviews evidence from quantitative empirical research on the effects of parental leave policies on mothers' employment and fathers' involvement in family work. The article suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant for the gender division of labour, such as the duration of leave, the provision of payments, and an individual entitlement of non-transferable leave rights. In a concluding section the article summarizes the results, discusses doubts and questions raised by the material and identifies promising areas of future research that are crucial for a better understanding of the effects of parental leave on the gender division of labour. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers / Institut für Sozialpolitik
38
Catraio, Christine. « The Role of Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Parental Education in Urban Adolescent Career Development ». Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3215.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis advisor: James R. MahalilkThe disparities that are prevalent in urban environments have a profound impact on the educational and career trajectories of urban minority youth. In the interest of promoting the success among urban minority youth, it is critical to understand the influence of contextual factors on career development. Urban students of color observe and experience disparities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and parental education (Chang, Chen, Greenberger, Dooley, and Heckhausen, 2006; Fassinger, 2008). A major theoretical framework that has been used to address contextual factors in career development is Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT); (Lent, Brown, and Hackett, 1994). The current study examines the socio-contextual variables of gender, race, ethnicity, and parental education (and their interactions) in predicting adolescents' perceptions of barriers to academic and career goals, expectations of reaching goals, and engagement in career planning activities. Archival data was used from a larger longitudinal study that was conducted during the implementation of a vocational program [called Tools for Tomorrow] that was offered at two public high schools in a Northeastern city for three years (Kenny, Blustein, Haase, Jackson, and Perry, 2006). There were 208 participants with a mean age of 14 (57% females and 43% males). Hierarchal multiple regressions revealed that boys, Latino/a students, and low levels of parental education were significantly associated with lower expectations about reaching goals. An exploratory analysis was conducted with three specific ethnic groups: African American, Caribbean, and Latino/a students. Among the findings, African American girls were more likely to engage in career planning activities. This study is among the few that explore the career development of Caribbean adolescents and differentiates the experiences of students of color in career related cognitions and behavior. Limitations for this study and implications for future research, education, and vocational interventions are discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
39
Marsh, Kathleen Alice. « Gender at work and at home : professional and parental identities in home-based telework ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10335/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Home-based telework creates a domain where, for mothers and fathers, both a professional and a parental identity might be appropriate. Yet when gendered discourses exist which suggest that women might find more legitimacy in the parental role and men, in the professional role, which of these roles will men and women in telework actually prioritise? My findings suggest that the consistent prioritisation of a singular role is not always possible or desirable for mothers and fathers in telework but that when neither the parental or professional role is prioritised the outcome might be described in terms of painful emotions, expressed by the women in my sample as guilt, and by the men as frustration.
40
Amarin, Nancy Lillian, et Norina Reis. « A correlation analysis of parental expectations, mentoring, and gender socialization on women's self-efficacy ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2389.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigated social influences believed to have an impact on the development of women's self-efficacy. The independent variables examined included parental expectations, gender role socialization, and mentoring. A questionnaire with both ordinal and nominal questions was administered to 196 female undergraduates attending California State University, San Bernardino and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. The sample was predominantly Caucasian (35,2 percent) and Hispanic (33.7 percent), with a median age of 20. Participants answered 57 questions, consisting of demographic questions, measures of self-efficacy and three independent variables. Pearson r analysis found positive significant correlations between self-efficacy and all three variables. The implications for social work and recommendations for social work policy, practice, and research are discussed.
41
Jones, Cassandra. « Public and Private Parents : The Gendered Division of Labour and Australian Paid Parental Leave Policy ». Thesis, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the 1970s, the gendered division of household labour has been an important issue for both academic disciplines and policy-makers. This thesis considers the gendered division of labour in relation to Australian family policy, arguing that policy has a particular significance to the production of gendered familial relations in liberal societies. Specifically, this thesis considers paid parental leave policy and its implications for the gendered division of childcare labour in Australian heterosexual households. In doing so, it contributes to scholarly discussions about the ways various approaches to family policy might enable or impede progress toward a more equitable division of childcare in Australia. Drawing from critical theory, feminist studies of liberalism and Raewyn Connell’s work on masculinity, I provide analysis of The Coalition’s Policy for Paid Parental Leave (LNP 2013) and of historical Australian family policy, considering the ways this has failed to recognise the shared responsibility of childcare labour. I argue that Australian family policy has worked to enshrine childcare responsibilities onto women and mothers. And that this history and contemporary policy framework implicitly privileges and excludes certain men. I argue that this is exemplary of the way gender hierarchies are reaffirmed by policy and the way paid parental leave policies can work to reinforce the gendered division of childcare labour. Centrally, I am interested in the power relations that are implicit in historical and contemporary Australian family policy’s positioning of women and men, mothers and fathers, and in the broader question of what good policy might look like in this area.
42
Chatot, Myriam. « Le temps des pères : socialisation et résistances au rôle de pourvoyeur de soins dans le cadre d’un congé parental à temps plein ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0046.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse porte sur les modalités d’adoption du rôle de pourvoyeur de soins par un homme dans le cadre d’un congé parental à plein temps en France dans les années 2010 ; c’est-à-dire qu'elle interroge comment un homme devient responsable de la satisfaction des besoins des autres membres de la famille, notamment ceux des enfants. Le questionnement est double : il s’agit d’une part de comprendre à quelles conditions un père en couple hétérosexuel recourt au dispositif du congé parental, et d’autre part de rendre compte des processus de socialisation par lesquels un père devient pourvoyeur de soins dans ce cadre.L’analyse s’appuie principalement sur un corpus d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de pères ayant pris un congé parental d’éducation à temps plein et/ou un complément de libre choix d’activité à taux plein. Des enquêtes complémentaires ont également été menées sur d’autres populations, interrogées dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs : conjointes de pères en congé parental, mères en congé parental, pères ayant au moins un enfant de moins de trois ans et n’ayant pas bénéficié d’un congé parental, pères en congé parental à temps partiel.L’analyse des parcours de vie des pères en congé parental à plein temps met en évidence que si certains aspects de leurs socialisations antérieures peuvent éclairer le recours masculin (minoritaire) au congé parental, ce recours dépend principalement de facteurs contextuels. Loin de dessiner une trajectoire unique, les emplois que ces hommes font du temps du congé parental dessinent une pluralité de logiques de recours au dispositif.Cette pluralité ne doit pas pour autant dissimuler une socialisation temporelle commune à ces hommes (du moins pour ceux dont les enfants ne sont pas confiés à un autre mode d’accueil les journées de semaine). Le congé parental est l’occasion pour les parents bénéficiaires d’apprendre ou de développer les compétences et connaissances nécessaires à l’exercice de la responsabilité de pourvoyeur.euse de soins. Cependant, cette responsabilité prend des contenus différents en fonction du sexe du parentThis thesis focuses on how men become caregivers when they take a full time parental leave in France in the 2010s. It asks under which conditions fathers in a heterosexual relationship take a parental leave and how they are socialized while on leave.Based on an investigation mainly focused on interviews with fathers who took a full time educational parental leave and/or a full rate family benefit (the Complément de libre choix d’activité). A secondary investigation was made among other parents (also interviewed) : fathers on parental leave’s partners, mothers on parental leave, fathers who didn’t take parental leave and had children of preschool age, fathers on part time parental leave.The life paths of fathers on full time parental leave show that the leave-taking is mainly due to contextual factors, despite the impact of previous socializations. There is no single trajectory leading those men to take a parental leave, but rather a diversity of them. This diversity of paths affects leave time allocation between family, work-related and personal time.This diversity mustn’t hide a shared temporal socialization of men on parental leave (at least when they don’t use a full time childcare service). While on leave, parents learn or master skills and knowledge needed to be a caregiver. However, being a caregiver doesn’t mean the same responsibilities for mothers and fathers
43
Hazlett, Knudsen Rebekah. « Direct and Indirect Controls as Measures of Attachment : Gender, Delinquency, and the Parental Social Bond ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5293.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research specific to gender and violent juvenile delinquency is sparse due to two factors: a substantially higher incidence of delinquent male violence and the cost associated with drawing adequate female samples is frequently prohibitive (Howell, 2003). Gender-differences are explored in a sample of arrested juveniles using an expanded measure of parental attachment [bond]. The dimensions of emotional attachment, supervision, and time-involvement with a self-reported caregiver are explored for between group differences and association with recognized risk factors for juvenile delinquency. Findings indicate that while statistically significant between-group differences are not found in the presentation of attachment, descriptive differences do exist. Females demonstrated a higher level of impairment in emotional attachment to a caregiver than their male counterparts; females arrested for a violent offense reported the highest level of problem in this area. Findings also indicate that the mechanism of attachment appears to function differently by gender group in terms of association with risk factors for delinquency. Time-involvement emerged as an important predictor for the full group and the female group, particularly in relationship with higher risk for antisocial peer involvement. Support for a gendered experience of parental attachment [social bond] is provided. Emotional attachment and time-involvement were found to be important predictors for the full group, while supervision was not indicated as important to any risk factor or to recidivism. The current research advances knowledge on gender-related differences within delinquency. Through enhancing the understanding of the complex gender-specific influences on juvenile crime, criminal justice and human service systems may better learn to address these needs thereby reducing both entrance rates into the juvenile justice system and recidivism.ID: 031001366; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: John Ronnau.; Title from PDF title page (viewed May 8, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-155).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs
44
Hung, Anna H. « Adolescent Reaction to Parental Emotion Socialization : Gender, Ethnicity, and Relation to Depression & ; Emotion Regulation ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1466453655.
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Giguère, Jacinthe. « Le style parental et les différences liées au genre chez les adolescents dépressifs, à troubles extériorisés et délinquants / ». Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2213212R.html.
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Giguère, Jacinthe. « Le style parental et les différences liées au genre chez les adolescents dépressifs, à troubles extériorisés et délinquants ». Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3162/1/000669016.pdf.
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Eyupoglu, Hilal. « The Relationships Between Parental Emotion Expressivity, Children ». Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608240/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aims to investigate the relations between the dimensions of parental expressivity which are positivity, negative dominant expressivity, negative submissive expressivity, family environment and child&rsquos coping strategies, and the effect of child temperament on this relation .111 preschool children between the ages of 4 and 6 years and their families participated in the study. Family expressivity as assessed with Halberstadt&rsquo
s Self Expressivennes in the Family Questionnaire. Three subscales of Family Environment Scale which are cohesion, expressivity and conflict were utilized to measure the relation in the family. In order to determine how the child copes with situation specific stress Vignette Assessment of Preschool Children&rsquo
s Coping Strategies was used. VAPCCS consists of four stressful vignettes that are mastery challenge, peer conflict, parent&ndash
child conflict and separation situations. Child&rsquo
s coping strategies were coded as five coping strategies, problem approach and problem avoidance, passive acceptance, and emotion venting. Child&rsquo
s temperamental characteristics were assessed with Colorado Child Temperament Inventory. Results revealed that children&rsquo
s temperamental characteristics did not predict children&rsquo
s coping strategy by its own. However, child coping strategies varied in the interaction of different child temperament characteristics and dimensions of maternal emotional expressivity. Children&rsquo
s soothability moderated the relation between maternal negative submissive expressivity and children&rsquo
s problem approach coping. Moreover, children tended to use less problem avoidance coping strategy in cases where mothers expressed negative submissive emotion more frequently in the family and when children had highly sociable temperamental characteristics. Overall, the results of the study suggested that when fluctuations in the degree of expression of negative emotion in the family are taken into consideration with children&rsquo
s temperamental characteristics, they influence how the children cope with stress.
48
Dely, Paula Bindo. « Questões de género na negligência parental ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21484.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado em Família e GéneroA negligência parental é a violência intrafamiliar com maior prevalência em todos os países do mundo (UNICEF, 2014) e as suas repercussões atingem a sociedade como um todo. Crianças que crescem em famílias negligentes tendem a repetir o padrão de violência na vida adulta, perpetuando um ciclo que resulta em altos custos humanos, econômicos e sociais (OMS, 2009). Os estudos de género trouxeram contribuições importantes para o campo da parentalidade ao sugerirem que homens e mulheres experienciam e desempenham os papéis parentais de forma diferenciada. Partindo desse pressuposto, buscamos compreender se tais diferenças de género também estão presentes nas situações de negligência parental. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, conjugou a análise documental com entrevistas semiestruturadas, por saturação teórica, a 15 técnicos da Rede de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente em Situação de Risco para a Violência no município de Curitiba, estado do Paraná. Constatou-se que, na perspectiva dos técnicos, nas famílias negligentes, existem diferenças de género a nível do envolvimento parental (tanto em relação ao sexo dos pais, como em relação ao sexo dos filhos) e também na intervenção da rede de proteção. Em relação ao sexo dos pais, mesmo considerando o fraco envolvimento parental que configura a negligência, ainda assim, são as mães as mais envolvidas nos cuidados das crianças e dos jovens. Quanto ao sexo dos filhos, as crianças e os jovens do sexo masculino tendem a ser mais negligenciados. E, a nível da intervenção dos técnicos, verificou-se que o pai tende a estar mais ausente do processo de acompanhamento pela rede de proteção.
Child neglect is the most prevailing intra-family violence worldwide (UNICEF, 2014), and its consequences affect the whole society. Children that grow up in negligent families tend to repeat the violence pattern in their adulthood, perpetuating a cycle that results in elevated human, economic and social costs (OMS, 2009). Gender studies provide significant contributions to the context of parenthood by suggesting that men and women experience and play parental roles differently. Under this assumption, we want to understand if gender differences are also observed in cases of child neglect. The exploratory research combined document analysis with semi-structured interviews, by theoretical saturation, applied to 15 professionals from the Rede de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente em Situação de Risco para a Violência (Department of Child Protective Services) from the municipality of Curitiba, capital of Paraná State in Brazil. Based on the professionals’ perspective it was found that in neglected families, there are gender differences in terms of parental involvement (both in relation to the gender of the parents and in relation to the gender of the children) and during the protection services intervention. Regarding the gender of the parents, even considering the weak parental involvement that constitutes neglect, mothers are still the most involved in the care of children; as for the gender of the children, the male sex tends to be more neglected. When a family is under professional intervention, the fathers are more likely to be absent.
N/A
49
Batten, George P. « Patterns of Parental Spending : Do Parents Spend More Money on Sons or Daughters ? » Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23133.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examines the spending patterns of parents, indentifying differences in the amount of money that parents spend on select items for sons compared to daughters. Using secondary data from the "Consumer Expenditure Survey: Diary Survey" dataset from 2008 through 2010, this study tests the hypothesis that parents with adolescent girls spend more money on apparel, beauty and hygiene products, health care, and education compared to parents with adolescent boys. An interaction effect for gender and socioeconomic status by parental expenditures was also included in order to test the long-debated Trivers-Willard hypothesis that high status parents will spend more money on sons while low status parents will spend more on daughters. In determining whether an association exists between parents\' expenditures and the gender of their children, multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses, allowing the results to be generalizable to single-child and two-child families of adolescents across the United States. The regressions show that within one-child households, parents with daughters do in fact spend more money when making purchases for apparel, education, and medical expenses. However, these findings do not apply to two-child families, as no significant differences were found within these households. Following these results, limitations to the study are discussed, as well as the study\'s implications for familial relationships, consumer socialization, and gender inequality among children.Master of Science
50
Mangyo, Eiji. « Is a Daughter Really Like Water Spilled on the Ground ? : Adult Children’s Gender, Filial Support, and Parental Mortality in Rural China ». 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19505.
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