Articles de revues : « Paraloid »

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Ntelia, Eleni, et Ioannis Karapanagiotis. « Superhydrophobic Paraloid B72 ». Progress in Organic Coatings 139 (février 2020) : 105224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105224.

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Ibrahim, Mohamed Moustafa, Wael Sabry Mohamed et Hamdy Mohamed Mohamed. « Comparative and Experimental Studies for Evaluation of Paraloid B-72 in Traditional and Nano Forms for Joining of Pottery Samples ». Journal of Nano Research 61 (février 2020) : 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.61.61.

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Many of the excavated pottery artifacts are suffering from different deterioration aspects. The pressure of burial environment is considered the most deteriorative agent for pottery in soil, which leads to damage of the artifact. Therefore, it is necessary to join these damaged parts to be suitable for museum display. The adhesive materials play a significant role in the joining processes of these artifacts. In this study, Paraloid B-72 in its traditional and nano form was prepared (50% in acetone) as adhesive for pottery artifacts. Twelve pottery tiles (14 ×4×1 cm) were prepared and then were adhered together with the adhesive in traditional and nano forms. The pottery samples were exposed to artificial aging as follows; accelerated heat-humid aging (temperature 100°C and 60% relative humidity) and light aging by U.V lamp for 100 hours. Visual assessment and several analytical techniques were used for the evaluation of the selected adhesive. The analytical techniques are transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), color change and tensile strength. The results obtained from transmission electron microscope showed that grain size of nano paraloid was ranging from 33 to 51 nm where the particle size of the traditional paraloid was in the range between 103 to 150 nm. Visual assessment proved that nano paraloid had some simple changes in appearance. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the nano paraloid was more resistance for aging than traditional form. Color change revealed that nano paraloid gave the lowest level of total color differences (ΔE) after light, heat-humid and light-heat aging with 2.31, 3.26 and 4.60 respectively. The tensile strength revealed that nano paraloid gave highest tensile strength (81.3 N/mm2). According to these results, we recommend the use of nano paraloid in joining of archaeological pottery artifacts.

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Li, Wenjuan, Junling Lin, Yaru Zhao et Zihe Pan. « The Adverse Effects of TiO2 Photocatalycity on Paraloid B72 Hybrid Stone Relics Protective Coating Aging Behaviors under UV Irradiation ». Polymers 13, n^o 2 (14 janvier 2021) : 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020262.

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The incorporation of photocatalytic nanomaterials into polymer coatings is used to protect stone relics from weathering. However, the photocatalytic nanomaterials might generate excess free radicals to degrade the polymer matrix. In this work, a certain amount of TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed into Paraloid B72 and applied onto sandstone relics to explore the adverse effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on Paraloid B72 under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. To fulfill this goal, the effects of TiO2 on pore formation and the structure of Paraloid B72 was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the surface chemical composition, pore structure, surface roughness and surface wettability were explored via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, SEM, optical profilometer and water contact angle measurement under UV irradiation. Results showed that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles prohibited the generation of pores in Paraloid B72 and there were no pores formed when the content of TiO2 exceeded 0.8 wt%. The water contact angle of origin Paraloid B72 and TiO2/Paraloid B72 decreased with the prolonging UV irradiation. Moreover, TiO2 nanoparticles were extracted from the matrix and the pores cannot be detected with the prolonging UV irradiation time under a higher content of TiO2. These research findings might promote the understanding of using photocatalytic nanomaterials in developing stone relics’ protective coating.

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Švadlena, J., et J. Stoulil. « Evaluation of protective properties of acrylate varnishes used for conservation of historical metal artefacts ». Koroze a ochrana materialu 61, n^o 1 (1 mars 2017) : 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2017-0003.

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Abstract Acrylate varnishes are due to their suitable properties frequently used in restoration and preservation on variety of historical objects and materials. Common practice of their application involves using as an adhesive agents, consolidants and protective coatings. The purpose of protective coatings especially on metal artefacts is to reduce access of pollutants to the surface of the artefact. In this paper, coatings prepared from two acrylate polymers Paraloid B72 and Paraloid B48N are compared in terms of permeability for water and level of protective properties against air pollutants. For this purpose, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and resistometric method were chosen for analysis of the coatings. Obtained results show lower permeability for water in case of Paraloid B72. However, same coating provided lower protection against air pollutants than Paraloid B48N coating.

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Haldoko, Leliek Agung. « Shellac dan Gelatin untuk Konsolidasi Artefak Kayu ». Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 15, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v15i2.259.

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Wood is a hygroscopic organic material, prone to damage and weathering, especially by humidity. The moisture in the wood will trigger biotic activities such as fungus, which can decompose of wood materials, that is, cellulose. Moreover, wood is susceptible to insect attacks such as termites. This condition will cause the wood to become brittle so that the strength of the wood will decrease. To strengthen brittle wood, consolidation treatments are needed. Material for wood consolidation that has been used is Paraloid B72 with acetone solvent, which is not easy to find everywhere Materials tested for wood artifacts consolidations were shellac and gelatin with a concentration of 5%, 7,5%, and 10%. As a comparison, the material used for wood consolidation is Paraloid B72 10%. Test parameters used include SEM test, density test, compressive strength test, color change test, fungal growth observation, and FTIR test. Test results have shown that shellac 7,5% and 10% can be an alternative to Paraloid B72 as a wood artifacts consolidation material. Shellac 7,5% is the optimum concentration for wood artifacts consolidation because materials will be more efficient. This material can fill the wood pores and increase the density by 13,89%. The resulting compressive strength value reached 248,01 kg/cm2 or increased by 43,18%, higher than Paraloid B72 10%. Shellac 7,5% does not change the color of the wood and safe from fungal growth when applied to wood. This material also does not change the chemical composition of wood. Keywords: wood, artifact, consolidation, shellac, gelatin, Paraloid B72

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Russell, Rhian, et Brandon Strilisky. « Keep it together : An evaluation of the tensile strengths of three select adhesives used in fossil preparation ». Collection Forum 30, n^o 1-2 (1 janvier 2016) : 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-30.1.85.

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Abstract The tensile strength of a select group of common fossil adhesives (50% w/w Paraloid B-72 in acetone, Paleobond PB100, and Devcon 2-Ton epoxy) was tested over a period of 9 months. Because the testing process is destructive, the tests needed to be standardized to draw valid conclusions, and because large sample sizes were desired for the most statistically accurate results, limestone adherends were used as a proxy for real fossil specimens. Paraloid B-72 in acetone at 50% w/w demonstrated long solvent retention and took several months to attain full strength. Although it was the statistically weakest of the three adhesives, it still required a significantly large force to be exerted (275.56 lbs/in2; 19.37 kg/cm2) in order for it to fail after only 3 days. If fossil specimens joined with Paraloid B-72 are provided with appropriate archival support, then the adhesive will slowly attain full strength. Devcon 2-Ton epoxy was stronger than the limestone adherends and created minor or major substrate failure in the majority of samples, indicating that its use be restricted only to specific situations, such as heavy specimens that cannot be supported externally. Paleobond PB100 samples failed on average between 535 and 636 lbs/in2 (37.6 and 44.7 kg/cm2) and generally demonstrated adhesive failure, with some minor substrate damage. Paraloid B-72 demonstrated substantial tensile strength in this study and has excellent long-term stability and reversibility. Therefore, Paraloid B-72 should be considered the default adhesive in the majority of fossil preparation practices.

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Siedlecka, Beata, et Monika Marchwicka. « Influence of modification of aged spruce wood by in situ polymerization with ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate and paraloid B72 on color and water absorption ». Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 120 (28 décembre 2022) : 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2315.

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Influence of modification of aged spruce wood by in situ polymerization with ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate and paraloid B72 on color and water absorption. Wood is hydrophilic in nature, which creates problems such as dimensional instability and susceptibility to biological degradation. By using chemical modification, wood can be refined into new products with improved properties. Such a combination of wood and polymer is called a wood-polymer composite (WPC). The presented work compares the modification of aged wood by two methods. In situ polymerization with ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate with modification with Paraloid B72 solution. The determinants of the modifications carried out are percentage weight gain (WPG), color change and water absorption. Unmodified wood aged and unaged were the control samples. Also unaged and modified wood samples were prepared to compare results. The greatest change in color intensity and total color difference after the aging process was recorded for samples modified with Paraloid B72, and after UV light treatment - modified by the in situ polymerization. The in situ-modified samples had the lowest water absorption among aged samples, and Paraloid B72-modified samples had the lowest water absorption among unaged samples. The highest WPG was obtained from the aged samples modified by the in situ polymerization.

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Stagno, Valeria, Chiara Genova, Nicole Zoratto, Gabriele Favero et Silvia Capuani. « Single-Sided Portable NMR Investigation to Assess and Monitor Cleaning Action of PVA-Borax Hydrogel in Travertine and Lecce Stone ». Molecules 26, n^o 12 (17 juin 2021) : 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123697.

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In this work, we investigated the potential of PVA-borax hydrogel for cleaning limestones and the dependence of the cleaning on the porosity of the rock and on the action time of the hydrogel treatment. Towards this goal, we used a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, developed for non-invasive and non-destructive applications on cultural heritage. T2-NMR parameters were quantified on different samples of Lecce stone and Travertine cut perpendicular (Pe) and parallel (Pa) to the bedding planes under different experimental conditions: untreated samples, treated with Paraloid B72 and cleaned with PVA-PEO-borax hydrogel applied for 4 min and 2 h. The T2 results suggest that the effectiveness of the cleaning strongly depended on the porosity of the stones. In Lecce stone, the hydrogel seemed to eliminate both the paramagnetic impurities (in equal measure with 4 min and 2 h treatment) and Paraloid B72. In Travertine Pe, characterized by a smaller pore size compared to Lecce stone, no significant effects were found regarding both the cleaning and the treatment with Paraloid B72. In Travertine Pa, characterized by a larger pore size than the other two samples, the hydrogel seemed to clean the paramagnetic agents (it worked better if applied for a longer time) but it did not appear to have any effect on Paraloid B72 removal.

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Abo Elgat, Wael A. A., Ayman S. Taha, Martin Böhm, Eva Vejmelková, Wael S. Mohamed, Yahia G. D. Fares et Mohamed Z. M. Salem. « Evaluation of the Mechanical, Physical, and Anti-Fungal Properties of Flax Laboratory Papersheets with the Nanoparticles Treatment ». Materials 13, n^o 2 (13 janvier 2020) : 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020363.

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In the present study, novel mixed additives of Chitosan or Paraloid B-72 combined with nanoparticles (NPs) of Ag, ZnO, or cellulose (NCL) were examined for their effects on the mechanical, optical, and fungal inhibition properties of the papersheets produced. The highest tensile, tear, and burst indices of the papersheets were observed for flax pulp treated with additives of Paraloid B-72 + ZnO NP (1%), Chitosan + ZnO NP (3%), and Chitosan + NCL (3%) at levels of 59.93 N·m/g, 18.45 mN·m2/g, and 6.47 kPa·m2/g, respectively. Chitosan + ZnO NP (1%) added to flax pulp showed the highest fungal mycelial inhibition (FMI) (1.85%) against Aspergillus flavus. Chitosan + Ag NP (1%) exhibited the highest FMI percentage (11.48%) when added to pulp against A. terreus. Pulp treated with Paraloid B-72 + Ag NP (1%) exhibited the highest activity against Stemphylium solani with an FMI value of 3.7%. The results indicate that the technological properties of the papersheets were enhanced with the addition of novel mixtures to the pulp.

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Iancu, Lorena, Ramona Marina Grigorescu, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Madalina Elena David et Sofia Slamnoiu-Teodorescu. « The Effect of UV Irradiation on the Stability of Coated Fir Wood Samples ». Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 18, n^o 19 (1 octobre 2022) : 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmm-2022-0012.

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Abstract The aim of the paper consists in assessing the protection of fir wood samples against UV degradation by using polyacrylates and titanium dioxide as absorber. The irradiation was achieved for 648 hours, considered as about 2 years of weathering. Colorimetric, water absorption, and mechanical investigations were performed on samples before and after irradiation. The structural changes were evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy. Small changes in color for coated wood samples are observed after maximum 648 h of UV treatment, with the best results obtained for the specimen covered with Paraloid B72-TiO2. Higher compressive strengths were observed for the polymer-TiO2 coatings, in correlation with a smaller water absorption capacity of the studied samples. FTIR revealed shifted peaks with increased intensities as proof of structural changes produced by irradiation of lignin and polyacrylates. The results highlight that Paraloid B72 and Paraloid B67 mixed with TiO2 can be used as efficient UV protective coatings for fir wood.

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Giuntoli, Giulia, Marta Bini, Benedetta Ciuffi, Barbara Salvadori, Giovanni Baldi et Luca Rosi. « Nanodispersions of TiO2 in Water for Removing Acrylic Films Used in Conservation ». Polymers 13, n^o 22 (17 novembre 2021) : 3966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223966.

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The influence of a nanodispersion of TiO2 in water (nanoparticle size: 40 nm, polydispersity index: 0.25), brushed on a Paraloid film and subjected to UV–Vis irradiation was evaluated. The TiO2 nanodispersions showed a tendency to reduce the molecular weight of Paraloid due to its photocatalytic properties. FTIR and GPC analyses and SEM images suggested the degradation of the polymer, while chromatic variations of the films were scarcely detected. This study is very remarkable in the perspective of using this material for the removal of polymeric films used in conservation.

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Lazzari, M., et O. Chiantore. « Thermal-ageing of paraloid acrylic protective polymers ». Polymer 41, n^o 17 (août 2000) : 6447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00877-0.

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Brock, Fiona, Michael Dee, Andrew Hughes, Christophe Snoeck, Richard Staff et Christopher Bronk Ramsey. « Testing the Effectiveness of Protocols for Removal of Common Conservation Treatments for Radiocarbon Dating ». Radiocarbon 60, n^o 1 (9 août 2017) : 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.68.

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AbstractTo achieve a reliable radiocarbon (14C) date for an object, any contamination that may be of a different age must be removed prior to dating. Samples that have been conserved with treatments such as adhesives, varnishes or consolidants can pose a particular challenge to 14C dating. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), common examples of such substances encountered include shellac, the acrylic polymers Paraloid B-67 and B-72, and vinyl acetate-derived polymers (e.g. PVA). Here, a non-carbon-containing absorbent substrate called Chromosorb® was deliberately contaminated with a range of varieties or brands of these conservation treatments, as well as two cellulose nitrate lacquers. A selection of chemical pretreatments was tested for their efficiency at removing them. While the varieties of shellac and Paraloid tested were completely removed with some treatments (water/methanol and acetone/methanol/chloroform sequential washes, respectively), no method was found that was capable of completely removing any of the vinyl acetate-derived materials or the cellulose nitrate lacquers. While Chromosorb is not an exact analog of archaeological wood or bone, for example, this study suggests that it may be possible to remove aged shellac and Paraloid from archaeological specimens with standard organic solvent-acid-base-acid pretreatments, but it may be significantly more difficult to remove vinyl acetate-derived polymers and cellulose nitrate lacquers sufficiently to provide reliable 14C dates. The four categories of conservation treatment studied demonstrate characteristic FTIR spectra, while highlighting subtle chemical and molecular differences between different varieties of shellac, Paraloid and cellulose nitrate lacquers, and significant differences between the vinyl acetate derivatives.

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Chiantore, O., et M. Lazzari. « Photo-oxidative stability of paraloid acrylic protective polymers ». Polymer 42, n^o 1 (janvier 2001) : 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00327-x.

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Haldoko, Leliek Agung, Joni Setyawan, Sri Wahyuni et Arif Gunawanarif. « KONSOLIDASI FOSIL MENGGUNAKAN RESIN ALAM ». Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 14, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2020) : 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v14i2.244.

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Fosil adalah sisa tulang belulang atau sisa tumbuhan zaman purba yang telah membatu dan tertanam di bawah lapisan tanah. Proses pemfosilan yang tidak berlangsung secara sempurna menyebabkan fosil dalam kondisi rapuh. Kondisi rapuh dikarenakan proses permineralisasi belum selesai sepenuhnya, sehingga terdapat bagian-bagian yang belum tergantikan oleh mineral. Untuk memperkuat ikatan material pada fosil yang rapuh diperlukan tindakan konsolidasi. Bahan-bahan yang diuji untuk konsolidasi fosil adalah gondorukem dan gelatin dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15%. Sebagai pembanding adalah bahan yang selama ini digunakan untuk konsolidasi fosil yaitu paraloid B72 dengan konsentrasi 4%. Parameter pengujian yang digunakan antara lain uji SEM, uji kekerasan, uji kuat tekan, uji tetesan air, uji FTIR, uji daya tahan, pengamatan warna dan pengamatan pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gelatin 5%, 10% dan 15% dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti paraloid B72 sebagai bahan konsolidasi fosil. Bahan ini dapat mengisi pori-pori fosil dan meningkatkan kekerasan fosil. Selain itu nilai kuat tekan fosil yang dikonsolidasi dengan gelatin lebih tinggi dari paraloid B72 4%. Penggunaan gelatin tidak merubah komposisi fosil dan memiliki daya tahan pada kondisi penyimpanan yang ekstrim. Penggunaan gelatin juga tidak merubah warna fosil dan aman dari pertumbuhan jamur ketika diaplikasikan ke fosil. Gelatin 5% merupakan konsentrasi yang paling optimum untuk konsolidasi fosil karena penggunaan bahan akan lebih efisien.

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Díaz-Cortés, Andrea, Gabriela Graziani, Marco Boi, Lucia López-Polín et Enrico Sassoni. « Conservation of Archaeological Bones : Assessment of Innovative Phosphate Consolidants in Comparison with Paraloid B72 ». Nanomaterials 12, n^o 18 (13 septembre 2022) : 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183163.

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Aqueous solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) have been recently proposed for consolidation of archeological bones, as an alternative to traditional products. Here, we investigated several routes to improve the performance of the DAP-based treatment, namely increasing the DAP concentration, adding calcium ions and adding ethanol to the DAP solution. Archaeological bones dated to about 1–0.8 million years ago were used for the tests. After preliminary screening by FTIR microscopy and FEG-SEM among different formulations, confirming the formation of new hydroxyapatite phases, the most promising formulation was selected, namely a 3 M DAP solution. The strengthening ability of this formulation was systematically compared to that of the most widely used commercial consolidant, namely Paraloid B72. The performance of the two treatments was evaluated in terms of Knoop and Vickers microhardness, resistance to scratch and resistance to material loss by peeling off. The results of the study show that the DAP treatment was able to improve the bone surface properties and also the resistance to material loss by peeling off, which is more dependent on in-depth consolidation. Paraloid B72 led to the formation of a layer of acrylic resin on the bone surface, which influenced the mechanical tests. Nonetheless, Paraloid B72 was able to penetrate in depth and substantially decrease the material loss by peeling off, even more effectively than DAP. The results of this study indicate that the potential of the DAP treatment for bone consolidation is confirmed.

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Ionescu, Constantin Ştefan, Aurel Lunguleasa, Anamaria Avram et Cosmin Spîrchez. « Evaluation of the efficiency of the consolidation treatment with Paraloid B72, performed on artworks with degraded wood support ». MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021) : 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134302001.

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The aim of the study is to determine the efficiency of the consolidation treatment with Paraloid B 72, performed on wood degraded by biological attack. The method of determining the HM hardness is an original scientific method, that is minimally invasive and which indicates the level of damage to the substrate before the consolidation treatment and at the end of consolidation, allowing the evaluation of the process. The specimens are tested with the Mark 10 apparatus to determine the HM hardness, which can be related to a standardized hardness. Two consolidation steps are performed in Paraloid B72, 12% solubilized in Mixture (Ethyl Acetate and Toluene, 1:1). At the end of the consolidation, the hardness increases from 6.74 N/mm2 (37.11%) to 13.73 N/mm2 (75.61%), compared to a reference wood, which has a hardness of 18.16 N/mm2.

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Wolfe, Julie. « Effects of Bulking Paraloid B-72 for Marble Fills ». Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 48, n^o 2 (août 2009) : 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/019713609804516956.

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Cimino, Dafne, Oscar Chiantore, Edoardo Martinetto, Pero Damarco et Tommaso Poli. « Leaf compressions from the Late Miocene sections of NW Italy : research on an efficient, easy and quick consolidation treatment ». Fossil Imprint 72, n^o 3-4 (30 décembre 2016) : 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14446/fi.2016.172.

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Compressions of fossil leaves on marl blocks soaked with water are tricky palaeobotanic findings to deal with. In fact, this peculiarity makes the findings exposed to serious degradation: the evaporation of water causes shrinkage of the matrix and the leaf leading to fragmentation, delamination and exfoliation of the fossil, until its final disappearance. The aim of this research was to identify a consolidation method which satisfies museum needs and can be utilised for all conditions of hydration of the object. Following a survey of several natural science museums in Northern Italy, Paraloid™ B72 and PEG4000 along with other resins never previously used on this kind of fossil were tested. At the end of the research, two products gave adequate or good results, preserving the leaf from further degradation whatever the hydration condition of the object: the acrylic resin Paraloid™ B72 and a polyurethane resin.

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Roncagliolo Barrera, Paola, Francisco Rodríguez Gómez et Esteban García Ochoa. « Assessing of New Coatings for Iron Artifacts Conservation by Recurrence Plots Analysis ». Coatings 9, n^o 1 (26 décembre 2018) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010012.

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Cast iron has stood for centuries of invention. It is a very versatile and durable material. Coating systems are a low-maintenance protection method. The purpose of this research is to increase the Paraloid coating’s resistance when applied to iron in high humidity atmospheres, with the addition of caffeine (1,3,7-dimethylxanthine) and nicotine (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine as corrosion inhibitors; the resistance of protection versus exposure time will be evaluated by using electrochemical noise. A statistical analysis of the electrochemical noise signals was carried out. Recurrence plots were used as a powerful tool in the analysis to complement the data obtained and they predicted the evaluation of coatings behaviors performance versus time. The outcomes show that the addition of inhibitors increases and improves the performance as a temporary protection of Paraloid and that protection in high relative humidity was improved. Recurrence plots and parameter quantification show the variances in the surface corrosion dynamics.

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Fedi, M. E., L. Caforio, L. Liccioli, P. A. Mandò, A. Salvini et F. Taccetti. « A Simple and Effective Removal Procedure of Synthetic Resins to Obtain Accurate Radiocarbon Dates of Restored Artworks ». Radiocarbon 56, n^o 3 (2014) : 969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16930.

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The issue of contamination in radiocarbon dating is well known and can affect not only archaeological findings but also artworks. In the latter case, a possible source of contamination is represented by the products used during the restoration, e.g. resins of synthetic origin like the well-known Paraloid, applied to wood artifacts as a strengthening and preserving agent. In the case of incomplete removal prior to dating, the resins produce an apparent aging of the samples. Mechanical cleaning using traditional tools and the standard pretreatment acid-base-acid (ABA) protocol are not sufficient to remove such contaminants, while the use of organic solvents, in particular petroleum solvents and chlorine-based products, can be effective. However, the most widely used protocol, based on the Soxhlet extraction system, is very time consuming. Here, in the presence of chloroform-soluble applied products, like the widespread Paraloid B-72, this study proposes the use of a new easily operated pretreatment procedure, developed at INFN-LABEC in Florence, based on the use of chloroform (CHCl3) as solvent and on a simple extraction. First, the effectiveness of this procedure was checked by applying it to remove the resin from wood samples of known age, which had been previously intentionally contaminated by applying large quantities of Paraloid. 14C AMS measurements performed on the test samples before and after contamination and application of the proposed procedure proved its effectiveness for removal, while this was not the case when applying standard ABA protocols. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses also were used to check the removal of contaminants. The new procedure was applied in two case studies: the wood frame of an altar piece from the Renaissance and a painting on canvas from the early 20th century. For both artworks, the use of synthetic resins was documented in restorations performed a relatively long time ago: the wood frame was restored using just Paraloid, the canvas using a thermoplastic polymer soluble in chloroform. Enough time elapsed for the resins to create cross-linking bonds with the original material. Despite this, the results obtained by 14C AMS dating confirm the reliability of the new chloroform-based pretreatment in removing the contaminations. Also in these cases, spectroscopic techniques were used to compare the effectiveness of the ABA and the new treatments in removing the contaminants.

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Walker, Wendy. « GAP-FILLING FRIABLE CERAMICS WITH MICROBALLOONS AND PARALOID B-67 ». Studies in Conservation 41, sup2 (août 1996) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1996.41.s2.029.

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Samir Abo El-Hassan, Mostafa, Mohamed Marouf et Wael Sabry Mohamed. « Archaeological Bone Properties after treatment with Paraloid / Hydroxyapatite nan composite ». International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Innovation 4, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijasri.2021.265669.

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Mikić, Dajana, et Helena Otmačić Ćurković. « Protection of Patinated Bronze with Long-Chain Phosphonic Acid/Organic Coating Combined System ». Materials 16, n^o 4 (16 février 2023) : 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041660.

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Bronze cultural heritage in urban areas is susceptible to decay due to the significant amount of pollutants present in the air. This causes the dissolution of bronze and the patina on its surface. The efficient protection of outdoor bronze cultural heritage is still an unresolved problem. The aim of this work is to investigate 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid as an environmentally friendly and non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for patinated bronze. The corrosion protection of sulphide-patinated bronze by phosphonic acid alone and in combination with acrylic coating Paraloid B-72 is examined. In order to achieve efficient corrosion protection, various parameters of the phosphonic acid application were studied. The efficiency of protection is examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during the immersion in simulated acid rain solution and after exposure to a corrosion chamber. It was found that the studied phosphonic acid provides corrosion protection to patinated bronze and significantly improves the protective properties of Paraloid B72. This was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the coating surface after exposure to a corrosive environment.

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Crisci, Gino Mirocle, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Marco Malagodi et Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo. « Consolidating properties of Regalrez 1126 and Paraloid B72 applied to wood ». Journal of Cultural Heritage 11, n^o 3 (juillet 2010) : 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2009.12.001.

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Motta, Edson. « Vernizes intercalados : usos e virtudes ». Ge-conservacion 3 (14 décembre 2012) : 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v3i0.128.

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Este artigo descreve a aplicação de vernizes em sistemas intercalados no restauro de pinturas em vários momentos da história e em diversos países, e discute suas vantagens e desvantagens. Ele sugere também que a maior utilidade deste procedimento consiste em possibilitar uma cobertura e um brilho uniformes, e que estabilidade química e boas propriedades óticas podem ser obtidas também, associando-se Paraloid B72 a Regalrez 1094.

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Gomoiu, Ioana, Roxana Cojoc, Robert Ruginescu, Simona Neagu, Mădălin Enache, Maria Dumbrăvician, Ioana Olteanu, Roxana Rădvan et Luminița Ghervase. « The Susceptibility to Biodegradation of Some Consolidants Used in the Restoration of Mural Paintings ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 14 (18 juillet 2022) : 7229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147229.

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This study evaluated both the possible fungal metabolites involved in the degradation of the commercial consolidant known as Paraloid® B72 and the national artisanal consolidant named transparent dispersion of casein and the deteriorative potential of melanised fungi. Fungi were found to have the capacity to produce organic acids, proteases and esterases when they grow on consolidants, which can be used as nutrients. Mycelia produced by melanised fungi affected the appearance, as well as the integrity, of consolidants applied on painted experimental models and fragments of frescoes. In treatment trials with biocides (Biotin R®, Biotin T® and Preventol® RI 80), the morphology of the consolidants, as well as the vitality of the fungi, were assessed 30 days after the inoculation with melanic fungi. Direct observation, optical microscopy, colourimetry and microbiological analysis highlighted the degradation of the consolidants by fungi and their acquired resistance after biocidal treatments. Biotin R® applied by brushing on the surface of the consolidants proved to be the most effective treatment, followed by Biotin T®. Considering the overall results for both Paraloid® B72 and transparent dispersion of casein, use of Biotin R® applied by brushing is recommended for preventive conservation.

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Aughey, K., R. F. Carden et S. Habermann. « The conservation of a 19th Century giant deer display skeleton for public exhibition ». Geological Curator 10, n^o 5 (juillet 2016) : 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc92.

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Following a mishap, a 19th Century mounted giant deer was subjected to a detailed osteological assessment and conservation treatment which required both structural repair and the extensive modeling of broken and missing skeletal components. The historic mounting system and plinth were largely intact and structurally safe for the skeleton and so these could be retained along with any historic restorations deemed sound and non-damaging. The original skull suffered irreparable damage and both antlers were detached from the specimen. A replacement skull was acquired but it was necessary to attach the original antlers to the new skull in a manner both structurally sound and aesthetically accurate enough for the deer to be placed back on open display. After testing commonly used conservation-grade filler materials suitable for fabricating missing skeletal components, losses to the vertebra and the ribcage were re-built using epoxy resin bulked to putty consistency with phenolic microballoons and applied over barrier layers of Paraloid B72 and Japanese tissue. All losses were in-painted with earth pigments in Paraloid B72 before rearticulation. The unique role of this specimen determined the conservation approaches adopted and included a balanced consideration of conservation ethical concerns, client expectations, future structural stability, aesthetic impact and the limitations of the future display location.

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Liccioli, Lucia, Mariaelena Fedi, Luca Carraresi et Pier Andrea Mandò. « Characterization of the Chloroform-Based Pretreatment Method for 14C Dating of Restored Wooden Samples ». Radiocarbon 59, n^o 3 (14 décembre 2016) : 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.83.

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AbstractAt INFN-LABEC (Florence, Italy), a new pretreatment for radiocarbon dating based on chloroform has been recently set up. This method aims to remove the synthetic resins used for artwork restoration, which otherwise could alter the original 14C content. The present study characterizes the efficiency of the process when applied to wood. We have verified whether the effectiveness of the pretreatment depends on the number of extractions in chloroform. We prepared samples by applying different volumes of Paraloid B-72®, one of the most widespread products used in restoration, on poplar wood of known age. Contaminated samples were artificially aged in a climatic chamber. A fraction from each sample was collected before any treatment and after respectively 1, 2, 3, and 4 extractions in chloroform, and 14C dating by AMS, the resin appears to be already removed after the first two extractions. Furthermore, the extracted mixtures of chloroform and possible removed Paraloid were measured by FTIR spectroscopy, the results of which confirmed the 14C results. The efficiency of the pretreatment was also verified on historical wooden materials that had been previously restored. In these cases, a higher number of extractions is required, suggesting a careful approach when dealing with “real” artworks.

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Samir Abo El-Hassan, Mostafa, Mohamed Marouf et Wael Sabry Mohamed. « Utilization of Paraloid / Titanium dioxide nanocomposite in the Consolidation of Archaeological Bone ». International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Architecture and Cultural Heritage 4, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijmsac.2021.259691.

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Spathis, Panayotis, Evi Karagiannidou et Anastasia-Eleni Magoula-a3. « Influence of Titanium Dioxide Pigments on the Photodegradation of Paraloid Acrylic Resin ». Studies in Conservation 48, n^o 1 (janvier 2003) : 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2003.48.1.57.

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Farmakalidis, Helen Veronika, Stamatis Boyatzis, Antonios M. Douvas, Ioannis Karatasios, Sophia Sotiropoulou, Panagiotis Argitis, Yannis Chryssoulakis et Vassilis Kilikoglou. « The effect of TiO2 component on the properties of acrylic and urea-aldehyde resins under accelerated ageing conditions ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, n^o 11 (26 octobre 2017) : 1659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1220.

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AbstractSynthetic resins were introduced in paintings conservation during the 1930s, as an alternative to natural resins, due to their superior resistance to degradation. Their composition usually includes a small amount of additives, such as titanium dioxide. The objective of this work is to study the effect of TiO2 additive on the durability of Paraloid B72 (acrylic resin) and Laropal A81 (urea-aldehyde condensation polymer), both used in art conservation, against photochemical degradation. A methodology involving separating particulate TiO2 from the organic fraction of the resins has been applied, followed by accelerated ageing of the resins in their commercial (C) and modified (M, i.e. after TiO2 removal) has been implemented. The morphological characteristics of resin films were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical changes, colour properties and photo-chemical stability of the resins were studied with FTIR, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and spectro-colorimetry. The results showed a considerably different behaviour between the C and M states of both materials. In particular, C-Paraloid B72 collapses after prolonged irradiation, but within a certain time frame it appears to be relatively stable; on the other hand, C-Laropal A81 is considerably destabilized in comparison to its M state. It can be suggested that TiO2 acts as a UV-blocker for the underlying pigment layers, at the expense of resins’ stability.

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Frantzi, Giasemi, Michail Delagrammatikas, Olga Papadopoulou, Charalampos Titakis, Eleni Aggelakopoulou et Panayota Vassiliou. « Reversible protective and consolidating coatings for the ancient iron joints at the Acropolis monuments ». Acta IMEKO 11, n^o 4 (21 décembre 2022) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v11i4.1341.

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This work presents a corpus of measurement methodologies utilized during a multidisciplinary project, aiming at the protection and conservation of ancient steel joints (clamps and dowels) of the Acropolis monuments, undertaken by the Acropolis Restoration Service (YSMA). The Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of the National Technical University of Athens collaborated with YSMA in designing and evaluating laboratory scale and field experiments, aiming in testing conservation materials. The first phase involved the application of seven coating systems on uncorroded metal coupons. The application characteristics, physicochemical properties (colour, gloss, hydrophobicity), and the protection performance against accelerated corrosion and polymer photo-oxidation were measured. Poligen CE12 and Paraloid B67 +2% nano-alumina were selected as the two most suitable materials for pilot applications on corroded steel joints and outdoor field exposure at the monument site. The assessment of the two coatings reversibility and of the corroded surfaces chemical alteration was undertaken by Raman spectroscopy analyses and orthophotographic documentation. During the 1-year field exposure, the corrosion development was retarded, but some local events of active corrosion could not be prevented. The joint areas coated with Paraloid B67 enhanced with 2% nano-alumina enabled more uniform application on corroded surfaces and exhibited better corrosion protection. In case of Poligen CE12, the nature of corrosion products indicated local acceleration of corrosion reactions.

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OPANOWICZ, Magdalena, Juliane BLAHA et Martin GRUBE. « Detection of paralogous polyketide synthase genes in Parmeliaceae by specific primers ». Lichenologist 38, n^o 1 (19 décembre 2005) : 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282905005529.

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A first assessment of paralogy in non-reducing polyketide synthases of Parmeliaceae is presented. Primers which are specific to the keto-acyl synthase domain were used to amplify gene fragments of putative non-reducing polyketide synthases from various representatives of the family. The corresponding sequences were analysed together with a selection of known polyketide synthase genes from other fungi, including lichenized fungi. The results suggest that genes from Parmeliaceae represent at least 6 paralogs. Their different positions in the tree partly correlate with the variable presence of spliceosomal introns at particular positions in the gene fragments. Because only one paralog could be unambiguously detected in each species by direct sequencing of PCR products with this approach, we tested the applicability of clade-specific primers, designed by using orthologous signature sequences. With these primers more paralogs could be detected from the same DNA extract in a number of species, but certain paralogs were consistently not amplified in these species. The paralog-specific primer approach can potentially be used for a rapid screening of PKS genes from a broader range of lichen fungi.

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Khalaji, Ghazaleh, Mostafa Maleki et Ashkan `Memand. « An Experimental Investigation of ZnO Nanoparticles Effect on the Acrylic Coatings ». Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, n^o 1 (9 janvier 2019) : 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350125.

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In this study, the properties of acrylic coatings based on paraloid B-72 were improved by adding of ZnO nanoparticles. Steel plates were used as substrate. ZnO nanoparticles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of adding ZnO nanoparticles on the the coatings was investigated using contact angle measurements. The modified coating with a ZnO nanoparticles showed more efficient performance than the net coating after 30 days UV radiation. Generally, this work confirm the positive effect of adding ZnO nanoparticles on acrylic coatings.

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Bracci, S., et M. J. Melo. « Correlating natural ageing and Xenon irradiation of Paraloid® B72 applied on stone ». Polymer Degradation and Stability 80, n^o 3 (janvier 2003) : 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00037-5.

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Samir Abo El-Hassan, Mostafa, Mohamed Marouf et Wael Sabry Mohamed. « Evaluation of Archaeological Bone Physical and Mechanical Properties after Treatment with Nano Paraloid ». International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Innovation 5, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijasri.2022.265657.

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Blanco Guerrero, Astrid Carolina, et Marta Silvia Maier. « Análisis de materiales artísticos mediante espectroscopia infrarroja por reflectancia total atenuada ». Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) 15, n^o 30 (30 novembre 2018) : 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v15i30.13157.

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este trabajo describe el análisis por espectroscopia infrarroja utilizando la técnica de reflectancia total atenuada de pinturas al óleo y acrílicas comerciales conteniendo blanco de titanio, azul de Prusia y verde de ftalocianina como pigmentos. Las pinturas al óleo con azul de Prusia mostraron la presencia de cargas como carbonato de calcio y sulfato de bario. El análisis de una réplica de una pintura acrílica con blanco de titanio sobre la que se aplicó una capa de barniz Paraloid B-67 dio un espectro infrarrojo correspondiente al barniz, no registrándose bandas de la capa de la formulación con blanco de titanio. Por otra parte, en las pinturas al óleo y acrílicas con verde de ftalocianina se diferenciaron claramente ambos aglutinantes y se identificó el pigmento en base a algunas señales características en la zona de la huella digital. Los resultados muestran la versatilidad de la técnica vibracional en el estudio de materiales artísticos. Resumo: Este trabalho descreve a análise por espectroscopia de infravermelho usando a técnica de reflectância total atenuada de tintas a óleo e acrílicos comerciais contendo branco de titânio, azul da Prússia e verde de ftalocianina como pigmentos. As pinturas a óleo com azul da Prússia mostraram a presença de cargas como carbonato de cálcio e sulfato de bário. A análise de uma réplica de uma tinta acrílica com branco de titânio sobre a qual foi aplicada uma camada de verniz Paraloid B-67 produziu um espectro infravermelho correspondente ao verniz, não registrando bandas da camada de formulação com branco de titânio. Por outro lado, no óleo e acrílicos com verde de ftalocianina, ambos os aglutinantes foram claramente diferenciados e o pigmento foi identificado com base em alguns sinais característicos em áreas de fingerprint. Os resultados mostram a versatilidade da técnica vibracional no estudo de materiais artísticos. Abstract: this work describes the analysis by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy of oil and acrylic commercial paintings with titanium white, Prussian blue and green phthalocyanine as pigments. Oil paintings with Prussian blue showed the presence of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate as extenders. Analysis of a mock-up of an acrylic painting with titanium white with the application of Paraloid B-67 as varnish showed the infrared spectrum of the varnish and no bands of the titanium white painting. On the other hand, in the oil and acrylic paintings with green phthalocyanine both binders were clearly differentiated and the pigment was identified by some characteristic bands in the fingerprint region. Our results show the versatility of the vibrational technique in the study of pictorial materials.

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Stoulil, J., A. Kopecká et P. Fišerová. « Adheze akrylátových laků k historickým kovovým materiálům / Adhesion of acrylate varnishes to historical metallic materials ». Koroze a ochrana materialu 58, n^o 3 (1 novembre 2014) : 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2014-0012.

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Práce byla zaměřena na hodnocení dvou typů akrylátových laků (Paraloid B72 a B48N) z hlediska adheze k historickým kovovým materiálům. Třívrstvé povlaky byly hodnoceny pomocí odtrhového testu, scratch testu a T-bend testu. Část vzorků byla exponována 500 hodin v kondenzační komoře a následně znovu hodnocena pomocí odtrhového testu. Náchylnost rozhraní povlak/kov k hydrataci bylo ověřeno pomocí impedančních měření. Za suchých podmínek nebyl potvrzen předpoklad vyšší adheze laku B48N k podkladu než u laku B72. Lak B48N ale vykázal podstatně vyšší odolnost k hydrataci. Laky mají nejvyšší adhezi k oceli a olovu, naopak nejnižší k zinku, cínu a měděné patině.

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Škoda, David, Renata Pučalíková, Ivo Kuřitka et Klára Kroftová. « PARALOID B72 NANODISPERSION PREPARATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS POSSIBILITIES FOR USE IN THE MONUMENT CARE ». Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal 27, n^o 3 (2018) : 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/cej.2018.03.0031.

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Lee, Kyeong Min, Hye Young Moon, Yeong Gyeong Yu et Soon Kwan Kim. « Experimental Study on Poultices Applying to Remove Fixative (Paraloid B72) on Earthen Mural Painting ». Journal of Conservation Science 35, n^o 6 (31 décembre 2018) : 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2018.34.6.12.

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Cahyandaru, Nahar. « KONSERVASI MATERIAL ORGANIK TER-ARANG PADA EKSKAVASI SITUS BENCANA VULKANIK TAMBORA ». Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 7, n^o 2 (2 juin 2017) : 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v7i2.112.

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Artefak hasil penggalian pada Situs Tambora yang berasal dari bahan organik yang telah menjadi arang sangat mudah mengalami kerusakan selama proses ekskavasi. Diperlukan metode konservasi material yang dapat menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan situs, dan mengetahui kondisi material yang terekspos oleh lingkungan, serta kecepatan kerusakannya, dan untuk mengetahui cara transportasi temuan dari situs sebelum tindakan konservasi. Penelian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui hasil konsolidasi material menggunakan bahan Paraloid B-72 dengan beberapa jenis pelarut dan cara aplikasi, serta bahan konsolidan PEG 400. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi material yang terekspos cepat mengalami kerusakan. Pada awalnya terjadi penurunan kadar air dalam material. Seiring dengan penurunan kadar air ini, material menjadi semakin rapuh dan mudah rusak. Pada hari pertama telah terjadi keretakan pada material dan semakin rapuh sehingga pada hari ke-2 material patah. Hari ke-3 jumlah bagian yang patah semakin banyak, dan pada hari ke-4 sampel yang patah sudah sulit ditangani (sulit dipindah dan diukur tanpa mengalami kerusakan). Cara transportasi artefak dari situs untuk dikonservasi dengan membungkus sampel dengan plask wrap, dan menempatkan dalam kotak plastik yang lembab merupakan cara yang cukup baik. Material yang dikonsolidasi dengan Paraloid menunjukkan peningkatan kekerasan dan tidak rapuh setelah dikeringkan. Jumlah pengolesan dapat meningkatkan efekvitas konsolidasi dan penurunan kadar air. Namun metode ini perlu dikembangkan lagi untuk mendapatkan metode yang sesuai dan hasil yang optimal, karena masih ada indikasi keretakan. Konsolidasi dengan PEG menghasilkan material yang cukup keras dan stabil. Metode ini cukup baik, namun cara aplikasinya harus dilakukan dengan cara perendaman sehingga agak sulit diterapkan di lapangan. Metode ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat lebih aplikatif di lapangan.

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Chapman, Sasha, et David Mason. « Literature Review : The Use of Paraloid B-72 as a Surface Consolidant for Stained Glass ». Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 42, n^o 2 (2003) : 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3180077.

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Hernandez Molina, Eric Fernando, Araceli Espinoza Vazquez, Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Gomez et Guillermo E. Negrón Silva. « Paraloid b-72 with 2-Mercaptobenzimidazol in the Protection of Bronze C844 in Saline Medium ». ECS Transactions 94, n^o 1 (25 octobre 2019) : 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/09401.0297ecst.

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Chapman, Sasha, et David Mason. « Literature Review : The Use of Paraloid B-72 as a Surface Consolidant for Stained Glass ». Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 42, n^o 2 (janvier 2003) : 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/019713603806112813.

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Šmidtová, Markéta, et Klára Kroftová. « Discoloration of Historic Wood after the Application of Nanotextiles ». Key Engineering Materials 714 (septembre 2016) : 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.714.10.

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The article addresses the discoloration of historic wood after application of nanotextiles. The nanofiber fabrics used for experimental testing were made of the PVB polymer and the Paraloid B72 acrylic resin. For the verification of the possibility to increase the biocidal efficiency of historic wood have also been made nanotextile with dopants Ag ant TiO2. Discoloration of historic wood after the application of selected nanotextiles were tested on the wood samples, which were removed from historic building Hájčí Dvůr, Praha 5. The article was written with support from the research project NAKI DF12P01OVV37: Progressive Non-Invasive Methods for the Stabilization, Conservation and Strengthening of Historic Structures and their Parts with Fiber – and Nanofiber – based Composite Materials.

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Larkin, Nigel R., et E. Makridou. « Comparing gap-fillers used in conserving subfossil material ». Geological Curator 7, n^o 2 (novembre 1999) : 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc435.

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Often when conserving mechanically weak sub-fossil bone material, an inert volumising filler for a chosen adhesive (e.g. Paraloid B72) is needed to create a gap-filling substance to strengthen some bones, so as to reduce the potential of damage to some of the more fragile specimens. Although a frequent method, little is in print on this subject. Testing determined the comparative suitability of five materials (calcium carbonate, glass beads, crushed glass, glass bubbles and phenolic microballons) as polymer fillers in terms of strength, shrinkage, reversability, ease of use, and adhesive properties at various filler to resin ratios. Glass beads (44 microns average diameter) at a ratio of 3:1 filler to resin by weight out-performed the other fillers in most of the categories.

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Gharib, Abeer, Manal Ahmed Maher, Sameh Hamed Ismail et Gehad Genidy Mohamed. « Effect Titanium Dioxide / Paraloid B.72 Nanocomposite Coating on Protection of Treated Cu-Zn Archaeological Alloys ». International Journal of Archaeology 7, n^o 2 (2019) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20190702.13.

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Toader, Vasilica Daniela, et Laura Troșan. « Restaurarea și conservarea unei traiste ciobănești din colecția Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei ». Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 29 (20 décembre 2015) : 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2015.29.12.

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The Shepherd`s bag, made by hand, at the beginning of the 19th century in the village Jucul de Mijloc, Cluj county, has been exhibited in a glass showcase in the main Hall of the Museum since 2006. The leather is dehydrated, some parts are detached, torn, some tacks and buttons are missing, and some of them are corroded. The restauration processes started with leather hydration by exposure in essential oils of cedar, savory and tea tree mixture dissolved in distilled water, in drying closet, at room temperature, about 1 month. The detached parts were assembled with rabbit glue, 3-5% in warm distilled water. Metal corrosion products were mechanically removed from buttons, tacks and other metallic decoration made from brass and conserved with Paraloid B 72, 3% in solvents mixture.

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Schmidt, Paige L., Aaron Shugar et Rebecca Ploeger. « Analytical Observations Regarding Butvar B-98 and Paraloid B-72 Blends as a Suitable Adhesive in Hot Climates ». MRS Advances 2, n^o 35-36 (2017) : 1927–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.229.

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ABSTRACTAn adhesive that can withstand elevated temperatures is necessary for the conservation of artifacts in hot climates. The use of Butvar B-98 as a modifier to raise the glass transition temperature of Paraloid B-72 was investigated. The characteristics of B-48N and B-72 blends, currently in use in the field of conservation, were used as a comparison for analysis of the B-98 and B-72 blends. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the blends and shear testing was used to investigate the shear strength of the blends. While the B-98 and B-72 blends attained elevated glass transition temperatures and performed well during shear testing, issues regarding miscibility and phase separation of the blends were investigated using transmission FTIR, DSC, and optical microscopy.

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