Thèses sur le sujet « Para-complex »
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Durand, Solaligue Valeria Carla. « Complejo Veterinario para animales menores en La Molina ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652507.
Texte intégralThe Veterinary Complex for minor animals project in La Molina is developed due to the lack of an adequate infrastructure for the care and treatment of domestic animals in the city of Lima. Its purpose is to show a prototype of a veterinary complex that can meet the needs of the client and their pet. The project has an emphasis on permeability which shows the importance of having pets as users together with their owners, they should not feel "prisoners" but rather, have as much contact as possible with green areas for recreation. The program is organized according to needs and flows: The public is at the front of the project and the semi-public at the back. It consists of five functional packages: Veterinary Clinic, Adoption Center, Pet Lodging, SUM or training area and the service package located in the basement.
Trabajo de investigación
ROSSI, FEDERICO ALBERTO. « D-Complex Structures on Manifolds : Cohomological properties and deformations ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41976.
Texte intégralWe study some properties of Double Manifold, or D-Manifolds. In particular, we study of deformations of D-structures and of CR D-structures, and we found a condition which is equivalent to the classical Maurer-Cartan equation describing the integrability of the deformations. We also focus on the cohomological properties of D-Manifold, showing that a del-delbar-Lemma can not hold for any compact D-Manifold. We also state some properties of special subgroups of de-Rham cohomology, studing also their behaviour under small deformations. Finally, a result by Harvey and Lawson about the minimal Lagrangian Submanifold of a D-Kahler Ricci-flat manifold is generalized to the case of a special almost D-complex symplectic manifold.
Silva, Ricardo Dutra da 1982. « Discrete Morse complex of images = algorithms, modeling and applications = Complexo discreto de Morse para imagens : algoritmos, modelagem e aplicações ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275606.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: A Teoria de Morse é importante para o estudo da topologia em funções escalares como elevação de terrenos e dados provenientes de simulações físicas, a qual relaciona a topologia de uma função com seus pontos críticos. A teoria contínua foi adaptada para dados discretos através de construções como os complexos de Morse-Smale e o complexo discreto de Morse. Complexos de Morse têm sido aplicados em processamento de imagens, no entanto, ainda existem desafios envolvendo algoritmos e considerações práticas para a computação e modelagem dos complexos para imagens. Complexos de Morse podem ser usados como um meio de definir a conexão entre pontos de interesse em imagens. Normalmente, pontos de interesse são considerados como elementos independentes descritos por informação local. Tal abordagem apresenta limitações uma vez que informação local pode não ser suficiente para descrever certas regiões da imagem. Pontos de mínimo e máximo são comumente utilizados como pontos de interesse em imagens, os quais podem ser obtidos a partir dos complexos de Morse, bem como sua conectividade no espaço de imagem. Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem dirigida por algoritmos e estruturas de dados para computar o complexo de Morse discreto em imagens bidimensionais. A construção é ótima e permite fácil manipulação do complexo. Resultados teóricos e experimentais são apresentados para mostrar que o método é eficaz. Experimentos realizados incluem a computação de homologia persistente e hierarquias de complexos sobre dados de elevação de terrenos. Outra contribuição é a proposição de um operador topológico, chamado Contexto Local de Morse, computado sobre complexos de Morse, para extrair vizinhanças de pontos de interesse para explorar a informação estrutural de imagens. O contexto local de Morse é usado no desenvolvimento de um algoritmo que auxilia a redução do número de casamentos incorretos entre pontos de interesse e na obtenção de uma medida de confiança para tais correspondências. A abordagem proposta é testada em pares de imagens sintéticas e de imagens subaquáticas, para as quais métodos existentes podem obter muitas correspondências incorretas
Abstract: The Morse theory is important for studying the topology of scalar functions such as elevation of terrains and data from physical simulations, which relates the topology of a function to critical points. The smooth theory has been adapted to discrete data through constructions such as the Morse-Smale complexes and the discrete Morse complex. Morse complexes have been applied to image processing, however, there are still challenges involving algorithms and practical considerations for computation and modeling of the complexes. Morse complexes can be used as means of defining the connectedness of interest points in images. Usually, interest points are considered as independent elements described by local information. Such an approach has its limitations since local information may not suffice for describing certain image regions. Minimum and maximum points are widely used as interest points in images, which can be obtained from Morse complexes, as well as their connectivity in the image space. This thesis presents an algorithmic and data structure driven approach to computing the discrete Morse complex of 2-dimensional images. The construction is optimal and allows easy manipulation of the complex. Theoretical and applied results are presented to show the effectiveness of the method. Applied experiments include the computation of persistent homology and hierarchies of complexes over elevation terrain data. Another contribution is the proposition of a topological operator, called Local Morse Context (LMC), computed over Morse complexes, for extracting neighborhoods of interest points to explore the structural information in images. The LMC is used in the development of a matching algorithm, which helps reducing the number of incorrect matches between images and obtaining a confidence measure of whether a correspondence is correct or incorrect. The approach is tested in synthetic and challenging underwater stereo pairs of images, for which available methods may obtain many incorrect correspondences
Doutorado
Ciência da Computação
Doutor em Ciência da Computação
Samuays, Maikel Antonio. « Subvariedades lagrangeanas mínimas e autossimilares no espaço paracomplexo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-05102015-104320/.
Texte intégralIn this work, we study minimal and self-similar Lagrangian submanifolds in the para-complex space Dn. Firstly, we define the concept of para-Kähler manifold and, to exemplify, we describe the para-complex projective space.Then, we study para-complex submanifolds and Lagrangian submanifolds. After proving that every non-degenerate para-complex submanifold is minimal, we pay attention to Lagrangian submanifolds, restricting us to the case of Dn. In particular, we study Lagrangian submanifolds which are invariant by the canonical SO(n)-action of Dn, and Castro-Chen\'s surfaces. In both cases, we analyse the minimality and self-similarity.
Miyasaka, Elza Luli. « Projeto para produção de superfícies complexas ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-12012018-105715/.
Texte intégralThe scenery of big cities such as London, New York, Dubai, Shanghai and Seoul exhibits some types of buildings with organic and fluid shapes that are part of a proposal that uses information tools and programming for their creation and feasibility. This work in¬vestigates how feasible surfaces considered complex through the theme Design for Pro¬duction, a stage that deepens the process of making, after creation. The complexity is characterized as the use of a high technological level for the elaboration of the systems, of the component in its morphology and, in relation to the module, material and geom¬etry (PAOLETTI, 2006). For the understanding of the problem, the text contextualizes the contemporary moment and the participation of the digital instruments in the daily life, making a retrospective of the ways of production and the automation of the industry and parallels with the civil con¬struction. It deals from the 1st. Industrial Revolution until the 4th. Industrial Revolution, according to Schwab (2016). In order to discuss the Design for Production, the state of the art is verified, later confront¬ing two conceptual aspects of the role of the architect in the process, one that argues that the professionals have directly acted in the digital manufacture with files sent directly to the factory File to Factory and another that understands that the process is distribut¬ed in stages and specific teams and depends on particular skills and knowledge to the production of the object. It presents two cases developed in Italy: the first one designed by Norman Foster & As-sociates, the United Arab Emirates Pavilion for the Milan International Exbition, which was made with panels of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concret stamped with the texture of the desert dunes and the second one a corporate tower designed by Zaha Hadid Architects office for the CityLife Milano, which has a trapezoidal glass panel sealing surface that demonstrates the twisting of the tower on its vertical axis. Finally, the work proposes a model of a Design for Production of complex surfaces from the deepening of the case studies, considering that the proposal is part of a project stage carried out by teams of professionals qualified to perform the details, search for solutions, in-depth research regarding the materials to be used and the requirements necessary to carry out the works at the place of implantation.
Huang, Yang. « A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Water Proton Spin Relaxation in liquid, hexagonal-ice and the Para-magnetic Gd3+(H2O)8 Complex ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57971.
Texte intégralGomes, Valdemarin Coelho. « Pensamento complexo e educaÃÃo para o futuro : entrelaÃamentos na teia ideolÃgica do capital ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4912.
Texte intégralA crise na estrutura do capital (MÃszÃros, 2000) gera tensÃes em diferentes setores da prÃtica social, impelindo o sistema à busca de mecanismos que restabeleÃam seus patamares de acumulaÃÃo. O campo educacional, tido como inadequado Ãs demandas atuais da ânova ordem mundialâ, apresenta-se como um complexo fundamental Ãs disposiÃÃes ideolÃgicas necessÃrias à reproduÃÃo do sistema. Desse modo, torna-se comum a disseminaÃÃo de pseudo teorias que ratificam a lÃgica do capital, a exemplo da teoria da complexidade, nosso objeto de investigaÃÃo, difundida por Edgar Morin como a perspectiva imperiosa à operacionalizaÃÃo da reforma do pensamento que, para ele, à o urgente desafio a ser enfrentado se almejarmos romper com a prÃ-histÃria da humanidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar os encontros ideolÃgicos entre a perspectiva moriniana da Complexidade (pensamento complexo) e a formaÃÃo da sociabilidade exigida pelo capital atualmente, que tem no projeto de educaÃÃo para o futuro um de seus artifÃcios nucleares. Tal projeto, liderado por organismos a serviÃo da reproduÃÃo da ordem vigente, entre eles o Banco Mundial e a UNESCO, à legitimado atravÃs de eventos de Ãmbito global e da adoÃÃo de teorizaÃÃes que corroboram, de uma forma ou de outra, com as determinaÃÃes por eles fixadas. Ao confrontarmos o ideÃrio reformista de Morin com os objetivos postos em curso pelo capital, concluÃmos que as proposiÃÃes do autor francÃs sÃo uma importante contribuiÃÃo aos anseios burgueses, tanto pela supressÃo da contradiÃÃo inconciliÃvel entre trabalho e capital que resulta na presente condiÃÃo da sociedade de classes, a qual impede a verdadeira histÃria do mundo dos homens, quanto pelo fato da proposta de Morin nÃo ultrapassar, sob qualquer aspecto, os limites permitidos pela lÃgica da produÃÃo de mercadorias, sendo esta, diga-se de passagem, o vetor primÃrio da fragmentaÃÃo do conhecimento por ele mesmo criticada. Disso decorre que o ideÃrio moriniano situa-se no campo das teorizaÃÃes que apontam para a possibilidade de humanizaÃÃo do capital, o que tem se mostrado uma preciosa mistificaÃÃo (MÃszÃros, 2009). Nossa anÃlise trouxe como fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica a ontologia marxiana-lukacsiana, apontando, por essa via, que a emergÃncia da autÃntica humanidade sà à possÃvel mediante a completa superaÃÃo da ordem do capital, horizonte em direÃÃo ao qual a reforma do pensamento alardeada por Morin à incapaz de nos fazer caminhar.
Nobre, Kennedy Cabral. « Para uma concepção ampliada de cadeia de gêneros ». www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8839.
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This research presents a review of the concept of genre chains from their origins in Bakhtin (2000 [1953]) to the discussion of the criteria proposed by Fairclough (2001a [1992], 2003) and Swales (2004) for its characterization. For these authors, genre chains is a systematic grouping of genres that are a regular transformation necessary, predictable and, consequently, chronological one genre to another. From the empirical analysis of genre chains located in the academic-educational range, we suggest a distinction between simple and complex chains. In the first, all the genres that constitute it would be produced in a single institutional framework, the linear arrangement would reveal aspects of the functioning of the activities of individual institutions. At this point, the single chains associate the concept of discipline thought by Foucault (2008c [1975]), since the establishment of a single chain aims at the regular institutional practices. The complex chains, in turn, are offshoots of a single chain through a link with genres produced in areas outside institutions. In this case, through the analysis of school advertisements, we find that single chains of a particular institution are actually complexified by generic practices of others, motivated by the ongoing hegemonic struggle. Also, we realized that the complexity of a single chain is restricted to areas that institutions shall practice mutual relationship of intercontextuality (MEURER, 2004). Finally, we claim that a genre chain is actually a discursive part of a chain practices in which discursive and non-discursive elements enter into its constitution.
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma revisão do conceito de cadeia de gêneros desde sua genealogia em Bakhtin (2000 [1953]) até a discussão dos critérios caracterizadores propostos por Fairclough (2001a [1992]; 2003) e por Swales (2004). Para estes autores, uma cadeia de gêneros diz respeito a um agrupamento sistemático de gêneros em que há uma transformação regular, necessária, previsível e, conseqüentemente, cronológica de um gênero a outro. A partir da análise empírica de cadeias de gêneros situadas no domínio institucional universitário-escolar, sugerimos uma distinção entre cadeias simples e complexas. Nas primeiras, todos os gêneros que a constituem seriam produzidos em um único âmbito institucional, cuja disposição linear revelaria aspectos do funcionamento das atividades de determinada instituição. Neste ponto, associamos às cadeias simples a noção de disciplina pensada por Foucault (2008c [1975]), uma vez que o estabelecimento de uma cadeia simples tem por propósito regular as práticas institucionais. As cadeias complexas, por sua vez, são desdobramentos de uma cadeia simples por meio de uma ligação com gêneros produzidos em domínios institucionais alheios. Nesse caso, por meio da análise de anúncios escolares, percebemos que cadeias simples de uma determinada instituição na verdade são complexificadas pelas práticas genéricas de outra, motivadas pela contínua luta hegemônica. Além disso, percebemos que a complexificação de uma cadeia simples se restringe a domínios interinstitucionais que mantêm entre si uma relação de intercontextualidade (MEURER, 2004). Por fim, alegamos que uma cadeia de gêneros é, na verdade, a parte discursiva de uma cadeia de práticas em cuja constituição entram elementos discursivos e não discursivos.
Goldberg, Ximena. « Complex Models of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Human Cognition. Implications for Functional Psychoses / Modelos complejos de las influencias genéticas y ambientales en la cognición humana. Implicaciones para las psicosis funcionales ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83588.
Texte intégralEl constructo general de cognición humana involucra una serie de procesos mentales por medio de los cuales los individuos perciben, interpretan y, en consecuencia, actúan sobre la realidad que los rodea y sobre sus pares (Sternberg y Mio, 2009). En los últimos años, el reconocimiento de la diversidad humana y la variabilidad de los rasgos psicológicos entre los individuos ha promovido preguntas acerca de las diferencias inter-individuales que hacen a cada sujeto único en términos de cognición (Baddeley, 2003; Botvinick, 2008). En particular, los estudios de genética cuantitativa demuestran que tanto la variabilidad genética como los factores ambientales podrían estar involucrados en la expresión fenotípica de las funciones cognitivas (Plomin, 2011). Sin embargo, aún no son claros los mecanismos específicos por medio de los cuales los genes y el ambiente contribuyen a esta variabilidad. Las alteraciones cognitivas son un rasgo central en enfermedades mentales donde se presume que existen alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, como lo es la esquizofrenia. El modelo etiológico del neurodesarrollo de la esquizofrenia propone que esta enfermedad se expresaría como consecuencia de alteraciones neurobiológicas que iniciarían en una época temprana de la vida, incluso antes del desencadenamiento de los síntomas clínicos (van Os, 2009). No obstante, la presentación heterogénea de la enfermedad ha dificultado una comprensión más clara de los mecanismos involucrados en su manifestación. ¿Son todas las funciones cognitivas igualmente heredables? ¿Tienen los factores ambientales tempranos consecuencias a largo plazo sobre la cognición? ¿Cuál es la relación entre variabilidad genética y vulnerabilidad cognitiva? ¿Existen vías neurobiológicas específicas para la manifestación de las alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes con esquizofrenia? Estas preguntas se exploran en la presente tesis a partir de análisis basados en muestras de gemelos y en grupos familiares, que constituyen una manera metodológicamente potente de estudiar los efectos de la variabilidad genética y ambiental sobre la cognición humana. En este sentido, la diversidad fenotípica de la esquizofrenia y la cognición humana, lejos de representar un obstáculo para la investigación de su etiología, sienta las bases de modelos complejos que podrían fomentar una comprensión cada vez más completa de los mecanismos de vulnerabilidad y resiliencia posiblemente involucrados en su origen (Belsky, 2011).
Silva, Juliana Saragiotto. « Métricas de análise de redes sociais e sua aplicação em redes de interação biológicas : metodologia de aplicação e estudos de caso ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-22052015-154651/.
Texte intégralSeveral researchers have used Interaction Networks resources in the Biodiversity area for analyzing the role of species in network structure their conceptual foundations are the same as those in Social Networks (such as Facebook, LinkedIn, among others). Thus, algorithms, metrics, and statistical and computational resources from the Social Network Analysis (SNA) area are important tools for addressing this issue. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to propose a methodology for applying SNA metrics to biological interaction network studies in the Biodiversity Informatics domain. The methodology is formalized by means of Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and structured in four steps: (i) mapping the data types and the interaction available; (ii) defining the key-questions to be answered and the analysis variable; (iii) choosing the SNA metrics appropriate to the context of the research; and (iv) performing the biological analysis with the support of SNA. As material resources, the SNA metrics were used, as well as a set of computational (such as R packages, Dieta, Pajek and Ucinet software) and Statistical Analysis (Exploratory Data Analysis and Multivariate Data Analysis) tools. This proposal generated a process collaboration with researchers from different knowledge areas, by means of projects developed at the Research Center on Biodiversity and Computing at USP (BioComp-USP), which provided a support base to this methodology. To assess the suitability of this proposal to the real research needs, it was applied to three case studies with microbiological Interaction Networks. The results show the benefits that providing a systematic method to guide the steps of one research can bring to a researcher be it due to the support of the resources recommended, be it by the organization of the research activities. In addition, there is the possibility of applying this methodology to unexplored knowledge fields, such as Agrobiodiversity.
GOMES, Valdemarin Coelho. « Pensamento complexo e educação para o futuro : entrelaçamentos na teia ideológica do capital ». www.teses.ufc.br, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3270.
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A crise na estrutura do capital (Mészáros, 2000) gera tensões em diferentes setores da prática social, impelindo o sistema à busca de mecanismos que restabeleçam seus patamares de acumulação. O campo educacional, tido como inadequado às demandas atuais da “nova ordem mundial”, apresenta-se como um complexo fundamental às disposições ideológicas necessárias à reprodução do sistema. Desse modo, torna-se comum a disseminação de pseudo teorias que ratificam a lógica do capital, a exemplo da teoria da complexidade, nosso objeto de investigação, difundida por Edgar Morin como a perspectiva imperiosa à operacionalização da reforma do pensamento que, para ele, é o urgente desafio a ser enfrentado se almejarmos romper com a pré-história da humanidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar os encontros ideológicos entre a perspectiva moriniana da Complexidade (pensamento complexo) e a formação da sociabilidade exigida pelo capital atualmente, que tem no projeto de educação para o futuro um de seus artifícios nucleares. Tal projeto, liderado por organismos a serviço da reprodução da ordem vigente, entre eles o Banco Mundial e a UNESCO, é legitimado através de eventos de âmbito global e da adoção de teorizações que corroboram, de uma forma ou de outra, com as determinações por eles fixadas. Ao confrontarmos o ideário reformista de Morin com os objetivos postos em curso pelo capital, concluímos que as proposições do autor francês são uma importante contribuição aos anseios burgueses, tanto pela supressão da contradição inconciliável entre trabalho e capital que resulta na presente condição da sociedade de classes, a qual impede a verdadeira história do mundo dos homens, quanto pelo fato da proposta de Morin não ultrapassar, sob qualquer aspecto, os limites permitidos pela lógica da produção de mercadorias, sendo esta, diga-se de passagem, o vetor primário da fragmentação do conhecimento por ele mesmo criticada. Disso decorre que o ideário moriniano situa-se no campo das teorizações que apontam para a possibilidade de humanização do capital, o que tem se mostrado uma preciosa mistificação (Mészáros, 2009). Nossa análise trouxe como fundamentação teórica a ontologia marxiana-lukacsiana, apontando, por essa via, que a emergência da autêntica humanidade só é possível mediante a completa superação da ordem do capital, horizonte em direção ao qual a reforma do pensamento alardeada por Morin é incapaz de nos fazer caminhar.
Fenille, Marcio Colombo. « Raízes de aplicações de complexos 2-dimensionais em superfícies fechadas ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-08042010-102954/.
Texte intégralThis text is the result of a detailed study of the topological root theory for maps from 2-dimensional CW complex into closed surfaces (compact and without boundary surfaces). Several approaches to the problems involved in this theory are presented, some of which are quite different with respect to the parameters of the classical theory
CASTRO, Patrícia Ferreira da Silva. « Estudo do efeito relaxante de um novo composto doador de óxido nítrico em preparações de traquéias isoladas de ratos ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2104.
Texte intégralThis study evaluated the mechanisms of relaxation of two nitric oxide (NO) donors, ruthenium complex [Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO+]3+ (Terpy) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in isolated trachea of rats. The isolated trachea was sectioned into rings and contracted with carbachol in an organ chamber. The relaxing effect of Terpy and SNP was evaluated at increasing concentrations from 10 nM to 100 μM. Thus, we verified the contribution of the different types of K+ channels, the importance of sGC/cGMP pathway, the inhibition of COX and PDEs, the influence of the extra and intracellular Ca2+ sources and the influence of the epithelium on the relaxing response. The synergism between NO-donor and β-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline was also verified. Additionally, we have used confocal microscopy in order to analyze the effect of the donors on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. We have verified that both compounds led to the relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle preparations in a dependent-concentration mode. However, the maximum effect (Emax) induced by Terpy was higher than the effect of SNP. However, the Terpy effects were significantly reduced by pre-contraction with 75 mM KCl. K+ channel blockers like the tetraethylammonium, glybenclamide, BaCl2 and 4-aminopyridine reduced the relaxation to Terpy, while iberiotoxin and apamin did not modify this response. SNP- induced relaxation was significantly reduced by pretreatment with ODQ (sGC inhibitor). On the IBMX (non-selective PDEs inhibitor) increased the relaxation only to SNP. The response to both NO-donors was not altered by indomethacin, thapsigargin (reticular Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor) or ruthenium red (a mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter inhibitor). The epithelium removal reduced the relaxation only to SNP, and it had no effects on Terpy. In relation to synergic effect of the association of NO-donors and terbutaline, we did not observe any additive effect in the relaxation induced by terbutaline. Terpy was more effective than SNP in reducing the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration measured by confocal microscopy. In conclusion, these results have shown that Terpy induces airway smooth muscle relaxation by cGMP-independent mechanisms. It involves Ca2+ and K+ fluxes (mainly via Kv, Kir and KATP channels) across the membrane, and it is more effective in reducing cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and inducing relaxation in the rat trachea than the SNP. In relation to SNP, the most important relaxation pathway seems to be related to sGC/cGMP pathway and activation of Kir and SKCa channels.
O presente trabalho avaliou os mecanismos de relaxamento de dois doadores de óxido nítrico (NO), o complexo de rutênio [Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO+]3+ (Terpy) e o nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS) em traquéias isoladas de ratos. A traquéia isolada foi montada em banho para órgãos isolados e contraída com carbacol para estudo do relaxamento. O efeito relaxante do Terpy e do NPS foi avaliado em concentrações crescentes e cumulativas (10 nM a 100 μM). Foi verificada a participação dos diferentes tipos de canais de K+, a participação da via GCs/GMPc, a inibição da COX (pela indometacina) e das PDEs (pelo IBMX), a influência do epitélio, a participação dos estoques internos de Ca2+ assim como a participação do influxo deste íon e o potencial sinergismo dos doadores com terbutalina. Foram feitas análises de microscopia confocal para quantificação da concentração citosólica de Ca2+ mobilizada pelos doadores de NO. Como resultados, verificamos que os dois compostos levaram ao relaxamento do músculo liso traqueal de forma concentração-dependente. Entretanto o efeito máximo (Emax) do Terpy foi maior do que o NPS. O relaxamento estimulado pelo Terpy foi reduzido significativamente sob a pré-contração com KCl 75 mM. Bloqueadores de canais de K+ como tetraetilamônio, BaCl2, glibenclamida e 4-aminopiridina reduziram significativamente o relaxamento estimulado pelo Terpy, apesar da iberiotoxina e apamina não alterarem a resposta. O ODQ (inibidor da GCs) somente reduziu o efeito relaxante do NPS e o IBMX aumentou seu Emax, sendo que ambos inibidores não apresentaram efeito para o Terpy. A indometacina não alterou o padrão de resposta para ambos doadores. A retirada do epitélio reduziu o efeito relaxante somente para o NPS, não alterando o padrão de relaxamento para o Terpy. A inibição da Ca2+-ATPase reticular (pela tapsigargina) e da captação de Ca2+ mitocondrial (pelo ruthenium red) não modificaram o perfil de relaxamento para ambos doadores testados. Em relação ao efeito sinérgico estudado, não foi observado benefício com a adição dos doadores sobre o efeito relaxante da terbutalina. A medida da concentração intracelular de Ca2+ revelou que o Terpy é capaz de reduzir a concentração intracelular de Ca2+ de forma mais pronunciada que o NPS. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho levam a concluir que o mecanismo pelo qual o Terpy leva ao relaxamento do músculo liso traqueal de ratos está associado à diminuição da concentração intracelular de Ca2+, e este mecanismo pode estar relacionado à ativação dos canais de K+ do tipo Kv, KIR e KATP e ao influxo de Ca2+. Para o NPS, o mecanismo mais importante que leva ao relaxamento parece ser através da ativação da via GCs/GMPc, além do envolvimento dos canais para K+ do tipo KIR e SKCa.
Almeida, Rafael da Silva. « O circuito espacial produtivo dos reagentes para diagnóstico : o caso dos serviços de análise laboratorial em saúde no Estado de São Paulo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-15072015-152745/.
Texte intégralWith the expansion of the structures of the capitalist development model, we have observed a great approach between the health system and the technological productive system in medicine. This process has enabled an expanded capital accumulation, and has formed over time an industrial economic complex of health (GADELHA, 2003), whose most striking feature is its huge territorial division of labor and the incorporation of new scientific technological paradigms in the production of medical inputs and providing related services to medicine. In this paper we analyze some of territorial dynamics engendered by the health industrial economic complex in São Paulo state territory, mainly focused on the relationship between the segment of reagents for diagnostic and establishment of a network of laboratory analysis services of health in some points of the city\'s São Paulo, process that has engendered an urbanizing modernity regarding the development of a health economy, today strongly based on new organizational and technological paradigms. Are being considered for the research\'s operationalization the concepts of productive space circuits and their respective circles of cooperation in space (SANTOS & SILVEIRA, 2010 [2001]), of the industries producing diagnostic reagents and of the laboratory consumers of these reagents. We analyze how these industries and laboratories made use corporate of territory (SANTOS, 2009 [1993]) and in these process made use the infrastructure networks historically concentrated in some parts of the state territory, in order to favor the accumulation of capital, implying a new space\'s use and causing unprecedented consequences in dealing with the populations health.
Machado, Eduardo Giangrossi. « Eletro-oxidação de ácido fórmico assistida por hidrazina ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-15032017-111419/.
Texte intégralRecently, the mechanism by which formic acid is oxidized is a matter of debate on the literature. There is disagreement on the pathways that the process may occur as well as which would be the intermediates participating. In this sense, there are some work exploring another aspect of this reaction, such as its behavior facing the addition of an additive. Among them, hydrazine has been chosen as it is another molecule of interest for energy generation devices such as fuel cells. In this fashion, it is argued that the presence of hydrazine would not interfere in the electro-oxidation of formic acid and, therefore, would yield an additive current when being co-oxidized. The complex behavior of a system may display new and relevant information thus this methodology was employed to revisit this system. It was found that the system would behave, instead of the argued additive behavior, synergistically and that there are striking differences on the time-series of formic acid, such as an increase on the duration of the process and the alteration of some of its variables. Also, it was observed a change in the potentiostatic oscillations, showing a dependence of the process with the morphology of the surface employed. It was proposed that hydrazine would act reducing the accumulation of oxygenated species on the surface of the electrode, postponing the end of the time-series. Next, it was employed a spectrometric technique (DEMS) to evaluate the production of gaseous products (CO2) and it was found that, in the presence of hydrazine, formic acid gets oxidized in a more facile way, in lower overpotential values. It was proposed that, besides preventing the accumulation of oxygenated species, hydrazine would disturb the decomposition of formic acid to COads, allowing a direct oxidation in lower overpotentials. Finally, for deepening the understanding of the superficial processes it was employed an imaging technique (EMSI). It was discovered that the decomposition of formic acid to COads there is a reactional front that repeats itself cycle after cycle during the time-series and that it is possible to monitor changes in the coverage of adsorbates by changes in the intensity of the image. It was not possible to obtain data in the presence of hydrazine since it generates many bubbles that disrupt the experiment. As conclusion of this work it is presented the thesis that, with the amount of evidences herein presented, the interaction between formic acid and hydrazine is synergistical rather than additive, as stated on the literature.
Nascimento, Franciel Araújo do. « Funções trigonométricas complexas : uma abordagem voltada para o ensino médio ». Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2015. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=285.
Texte intégralEsta dissertação apresenta um estudo das funções trigonométricas com variável complexa com foco na educação básica. A motivação vem do fato de que se tem dado pouca importância aos números complexos no ensino médio, uma vez que a abordagem atual se restringe às definições, propriedades e exercícios de aplicação teórica e imediata, conforme consta, por exemplo, nos PCNS. Apresenta-se uma abordagem matricial dos números complexos, sem perder de vista a maneira em que esse números são apresentados, como pares ordenados, na matemática básica. Em seguida, apresenta-se as funções com variáveis complexas, suas propriedades e consequentemente um estudo das funções seno, cosseno, tangente, cotangente, secante e cossecante com variável complexa. Comparações entre algumas funções reais e complexas são realizadas. Finalmente, apresenta-se uma aplicação das funções trigonométricas complexa na Física.
This dissertation present a study of trigonometric functions with complex variable with a focus on basic education. The motivation comes from the fact that it has given little importance to complex numbers in school, since the current approach is restricted the settings, properties and theoretical exercises and immediate application, as shown, for example, the NCPS. Presents a approach of the complex numbers through matrix, without losing sight of the way in which those numbers are presented, as ordered pairs, in the basic mathematic. It then presents the functions with complex variables, their properties and consequently a study of sine functions, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant with complex variable. Some comparisons between real and complex functions are performed. Finally, we present an application of complex trigonometric functions in physics.
Kawamura, Márcio Seiti. « Dimensionamento e sequenciamento de lotes de produção na indústria de bens de consumo de higiene pessoal ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-30052012-114954/.
Texte intégralThis work adresses the integrated lot sizing and scheduling problem. The process of lot sizing and scheduling consists of determining how much to produce of each product and the scheduling of these lots in each machine in order to meet the demand under existing restrictions and operational capabilities. The case studied in this work describes the scenario of a big company in the industry of consumer goods for personal hygiene, a very competitive market in which the good service level for customers and the cost management show up in the competition for the clients. In this company, there is a complex operational environment, composed of distinct parallel machines with limited production capacity and sequence dependente setup times. There is also a limited finished goods storage capacity, a characteristic not found in the existing literature. Backordering is allowed but it is extremely undesirable. This problem is NP-hard and it has been treated by heuristics in the literature. In this work, we developed nine different solving strategies based on the relax-and-fix heuristics. The aim of this approach is not only to solve a complex real problem but also assess whether the form of partitioning and the sequence of solving the subproblems influences the performance of the relax-and-fix heuristics. The computational experiments were conducted on ramdomly generated instances and real problems. The results showed the good performance and the robustness of the proposed approach. Alternative techniques were applied in the strategy with the best results in the previous tests to enhance its performance.
Oliveira, Léa Campos de. « Estudo do poliformismo genético na hepatite auto-imune na infância : busca de genes e haplótipos de suscetibilidade ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-15122008-150420/.
Texte intégralAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory chronic liver disease of unknown etiology found predominantly in females, leading when untreated, to cirrhosis. It is a rare disease in the childhood, corresponding to about 10% of patients with chronic hepatitis, but exhibits high mortality. It is characterized by hipergammaglobulinemia, organ nonspecific circulating autoantibodies, and an inflammatory liver-infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells. Almost half of patients investigated at Instituto da Criança had increased plasma IgE levels, without any apparent cause such as parasite infestation or atopy. Genetic predisposition to AIH has been mainly linked to genes coding for HLA class II molecules. HLA-DR is important but not sufficient to explain this rare disease, suggesting there is an external/environmental component triggering the disease. Recently, several genes in the class III region of MHC, linked to immune responses, especially near the junction with the MHC class I region have been investigated as secondary loci for autoimmune disease susceptibility. The strong association of AIH with genes in the MHC region, common in the population, but a disease with the very low incidence, suggests additional genes linked with HLA-DR could add to the disease susceptibility. So, HLA-DR*13 besides being a factor by itself, could also be a chromosomal region marker, taking part of a specific haplotype carrying more than one susceptibility gene. We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes near HLA-DRB1, like TNFA, LTA, NFKBIL1 and BAT1 searching for disease susceptibility haplotypes, in HAI-1 patients (n=105) compared to healthy controls (n=227). The ancestral haplotype 8.1, which includes HLA-DRB1*03 and the rare TNFA allele at position -308 was increased (p=0.0005). However, HLA-DRB1*13, though present in the majority of the patients, did not show any specific haplotype associated to it. xxii We also analyzed cytokine genes involved in IgE production, which is increased in a part of the AIH type 1 patients. In comparison with controls, the frequency of the SNPs IL-4+33 and IL13+110 was significantly increased, suggesting the existence of an additional gene cluster in chromosome 5q31 involved in the susceptibility to AIH
Souza, Wellington Marques de. « Sequências espectrais e aplicações para módulos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-29032017-085640/.
Texte intégralSpectral sequences were created by Jean Leray in a concentration camp during World War II motivated by problems of Algebraic Topology. At first, it appears as a tool to assist in calculating the cohomology of a sheaf. However, Jean-Louis Koszul presents a purely algebraic formulation for these sequences, which basically consists in calculating a total of homology complex associated with a double complex. We will focus our work on the definitions and results that allow us to demonstrate known results of algebra using spectral sequences: The Five Lemma, The Snake Lemma, Balancing of functor Tor, Base Change for Tor and Universal Coefficient Theorem. We present, at the end of this work, a generalization that allows us to better understand the left derivative functors: the Spectral Sequence of Grothendieck.
Sicchieri, Letícia Bonfante. « Estudo e caracterização de marcadores ópticos para a aterosclerose ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-06122016-142610/.
Texte intégralThis study aimed to investigate the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by the characterization of the autofluorescence of the tissue and plasma in the presence of fluorescent markers. For this study, rabbits were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet. The animal experimentation was performed twice, the first animals were being euthanized during the experiment and their arteries were collected. In the second experiment, the animals were followed for a maximum of 80 days and only during the experiment the blood was collected. The animals were euthanized at the end of experimentation. Two fluorescent markers were used in this study: europiumchlortetracycline complex (EuCTc) and the dye Thioflavin T (ThT). Firstly, it was analyzed the markers fluorescence in the presence of rabbits plasma for both, the control and the experimental groups with different diet times. For EuCTc complex, it was observed two bands of emission with excitation at 400 nm, first, a characteristic of chlortetracycline at 515 nm and at 617 nm characteristic of the europium ion. Analyzing only the band of europium ion, it was observed a greater increase of the complex in the presence of plasma in the experimental group. For ThT dye the emission band at 480 nm with excitation at 413 nm for the experimental group, in comparison with the control group. I was analysed the possibility to use EuCTc and EuCTcMg complex (EuCTc the Mg ion present) for marking the atherosclerotic plaque in arteries by fluorescence microscopy analysis. The results showed that the emission of the complex increase dramatically compared to the autofluorescence. Also, there was evidence of energy transfer between the fluorophores present of the plaque and EuCTc and EuCTcMg complex by fluorescence lifetime microscopy. This energy transfer generated a drastic decrease in the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophores. Finally, the generation of second harmonic of collagen in the atherosclerotic plaque was studied and it was obtained differences in the amount of collagen and organization in the different experimental groups.
Laguna, Renato Andrielli. « Hipoeliticidade global para campos vetoriais complexos no plano ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-28112016-111054/.
Texte intégralThis work is a study about global hypoellipticity for nonsingular complex vector fields in the plane. Sussmanns orbits play a fundamental role in this analysis. We show that if all the orbits are one-dimensional then the vector field is not globally hypoelliptic. When there exist a two-dimensional orbit and an embedded one-dimensional one then the vector field is not globally hypoelliptic. In the case when the plane is the only orbit, one defines, as in Hounie (1982), a certain equivalence relation between points where the vector field is not elliptic. The equivalence classes are homeomorphic to a single point, a compact interval or a ray. If all the equivalence classes are compact then the vector field is globally hypoelliptic. If there exists an equivalence class that is closed and homeomorphic to a ray then the vector field is not globally hypoelliptic.
Barreto, Wendell Pereira 1987. « Contribuições de trajetórias complexas ao propagador semiclássico para estados coerentes ». [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276973.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: A evolução temporal de estados quânticos é estudada do ponto de vista semiclássico usando o propagador na representação de estados coerentes. No limite semiclássico o propagador pode ser calculado em termos de soluções complexas das equações de Hamilton que devem satisfazer condições de contorno apropriadas. No entanto, nem todas as soluções podem ser utilizadas no cálculo do propagador. Certas trajetórias, denominadas não contribuintes devem ser descartadas, pois dão contribuições incorretas ao propagador. Aqui, exploramos a questão das trajetórias não contribuintes, que é um dos problemas mais sérios na aplicação sistemática das expressões semiclássicas envolvendo órbitas complexas. Para isso consideramos uma classe de problemas unidimensionais não-lineares onde as soluções clássicas e quânticas poder ser obtidas analiticamente. Dessa forma, o propagador semiclássico pode ser escrito de forma explícita, o que permite uma análise detalhada da contribuição de cada trajetória. Definimos então um critério mais preciso para a exclusão de soluções espúrias e, enfim, melhorar o cálculo semiclássico. O sistema foco neste estudo foi o oscilador harmônico ao quadrado, cuja dinâmica tem solução analítica e está presente em problemas de óptica não linear
Abstract: The time evolution of quantum states is studied in the semiclassical limit using the semiclassical propagator in the coherent-state representation. In the semiclassical limit the quantum propagator can be calculated with complex solutions of Hamilton's equations satisfying appropriate boundary conditions. However, not all these solutions can be used in the expression for the propagator. Some trajectories, called non contributing trajectories, give incorrect contributions to the propagator and should be excluded. In this work the issue of non-contributing trajectories, which is one of the most serious problems in the systematic application of semiclassical expression involving complex orbits, is studied. We explore a class of nonlinear one-dimensional problems for which classical and quantum solutions can be analytically obtained. For these problems, the semiclassical propagator can be written explicitty allowing a detailed analisys of the contribution of each trajectory. In this work we will focus on the ''squared harmonic oscillator'', it can be solved analytically and it is present in problems of nonlinear optics
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
Martins, Rafael Franco. « Uma proposta de modelagem por agentes para o problema da herança e desigualdade econômica ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100132/tde-12042017-111602/.
Texte intégralIn recent years a concern for a possible rise in social inequality has increased considerably, especially on account of Piketty\'s work entitled \"Capital in the 21st Century.\" For a small reduction in the birth rate among the rich, it will be one of the crucial points for this increase. As predictions contained in the book are overwhelming, there is nothing for an inequality will increase a threatening point to democracy and existing political and social systems. However, some economists, such as Matthew Rognlie, do not agree with this article and point out supposed errors and failures committed by the French economist. The purpose of this paper is to try a different path from Piketty, using other means and techniques, this work is useful for an analysis of the issue of inequality caused by the inheritance of goods. A model of family network for the distribution of wealth in societies \"to a model of family network for the distribution of wealth in societies. The result obtained is in line with the results obtained by Piketty
Soares, Leonardo Ferreira. « NÃmeros complexos : uma abordagem voltada para professores do ensino mÃdio ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16893.
Texte intégralEste trabalho apresenta os nÃmeros complexos com um enfoque que julgamos ser adequado para os professores do ensino mÃdio. O objetivo do trabalho à fornecer mais um texto sobre o tema e auxiliar os professores do ensino mÃdio em suas aulas. Iniciamos o trabalho com uma definiÃÃo de nÃmeros complexos que contempla o rigor matemÃtico necessÃrio e busca manter a simplicidade exigida para esse nÃvel de ensino. Utilizamos a representaÃÃo geomÃtrica de um nÃmero complexo sempre que possÃvel para motivar e simplificar as definiÃÃes e demonstraÃÃes. Abordamos as fÃrmulas trigonomÃtrica e de Moivre ressaltando a sua importÃncia. Apresentamos a deduÃÃo da fÃrmula da raiz n-Ãsima de um nÃmero complexo . No penÃltimo capÃtulo, abordamos alguns assuntos que nÃo sÃo contemplados nos livros didÃticos de matemÃtica do ensino mÃdio que sÃo a fÃrmula de Euler, a qual grande parte das aplicaÃÃes dos nÃmeros complexos existe devido a essa grande descoberta. O logaritmo complexo, cuja teoria explica como se calcular logaritmos de nÃmeros negativos ou complexos e tambÃm tratamos sobre potÃncias complexas, de tal maneira a explicar como se calcular potÃncias de nÃmero quando a base e o expoente sÃo nÃmeros complexos. Finalmente, encerramos este trabalho fazendo uma anÃlise de alguns livros didÃticos do ensino mÃdio.
This paper presents the complex numbers with an approach that we think to be appropriated for high school teachers. The aim is to provide one more text on the subject and assist high school teachers in their classes. We started working with a definition of complex numbers which includes the mathematical rigor necessary and seeks to maintain the simplicity required for this level of education. We used the geometric representation of a complex number, wherever possible, to motivate and simplify the definitions and demonstrations. We discussed the trigonometric and Moivre formulas emphasizing their importance. We presented the deduction of the formula for n-th root of a complex number. On the penultimate chapter, we discussed some issues that are not covered in mathematics textbooks from high school such as Eulerâs formula, which the majority of applications of complex numbers exists because of this great discovery. The complex logarithm,whose theory explains how to calculate logarithms of negative or complex numbers and we also worked on complex powers, in such a way to explain how to calculate power number when the base and the exponent are complex numbers. Finally, we concluded this paper by analyzing some high school textbooks.
Mello, Alan Godoy Souza. « Aplicação de redes complexas para a definição de vizinhança na otimização por enxame de partículas ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261409.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho propõe uma variante de otimização por enxame de partículas, na qual as influências entre as partículas são definidas através de uma rede complexa dinâmica. O objetivo principal é melhorar a capacidade de exploração do mecanismo de busca, particularmente junto a problemas multimodais. Com a vizinhança entre as partículas sendo definida de forma dinâmica e apresentando propriedades típicas de redes complexas, pretende-se: (i) promover uma rápida difusão de informação pela rede; (ii) viabilizar a formação de comunidades; e (iii) permitir que a influência das partículas ao longo da busca seja ajustável. Para validar o algoritmo proposto, foi feita uma análise sobre qual sua sensibilidade à variação de características da topologia. Em seguida, o seu desempenho foi comparado ao de outras propostas de otimização por enxame de partículas, presentes na literatura, utilizando para isso sete funções de teste com alta dimensionalidade e diferentes graus de dificuldade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se competitivos, indicando que topologias dinâmicas e complexas conduzem a mecanismos de busca eficazes e flexíveis, capazes de lidar com diferentes cenários de otimização
Abstract: This work proposes a variant of particle swarm optimization, in which the influences among particles are defined by a dynamic complex network. The main purpose of this work is to improve the exploration capability of the search mechanism, particularly in multimodal problems. With the neighborhood of the particles being defined in a dynamic way and presenting typical properties of complex networks, the intention is: (i) to promote a rapid diffusion of information throughout the network; (ii) to enable the formation of communities; and (iii) to allow an adjustable influence of the particles along the search. To validate the proposed algorithm, an analysis of its sensitivity to alternative characteristics of the topology was performed. Further, its performance was compared to other particle swarm optimization proposals, available in the literature, on seven high-dimensional benchmark functions presenting distinct difficulty levels. The obtained results were competitive, indicating that dynamic complex topologies guide to effective and flexible search mechanisms, capable of dealing with distinct optimization scenarios
Mestrado
Engenharia de Computação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Hauptli, Lucélia [UNESP]. « Maltodextrina e óleos como fontes de energia para leitões ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104984.
Texte intégralConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de maltodextrina em substituição a lactose para leitões dos 21 aos 51 dias de idade, foram utilizados 120 animais, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x4 (duas dietas: simples e complexa e níveis de maltodextrina substituindo a lactose: 0,0%; 33,5%; 66,5% e 100,0%). Foram avaliados o consumo diário de ração (CDR), o ganho diário de peso (GDP) e a conversão alimentar (CA) em dois períodos pósdesmame (0-15 dias e 0-30 dias). Não houve interação entre os níveis de maltodextrina e as dietas para as variáveis de desempenho. Os leitões que consumiram as dietas complexas apresentaram maior GDP (P = 0,016) no período de 0 a 15 dias e melhor CA nos períodos de 0 a 15 dias (P = 0,010) e de 0 a 30 dias (P = 0,020) pós-desmame. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de maltodextrina sobre o CDR e GDP nos dois períodos e na CA no período de 0 a 15 dias. O aumento do nível de maltodextrina na dieta dos leitões determinou efeito quadrático na CA no período de 0 a 30 dias (Ŷ = 1,530000 + 0,002287X + 0,000022X2; R2 = 0,64). As rações contendo somente maltodextrina em sua composição proporcionaram melhor resultado econômico. A maltodextrina pode substituir totalmente a lactose nas dietas pré-iniciais e iniciais, simples ou complexas, sem afetar o desempenho de leitões dos 21 aos 51 dias de idade.
One hundred and twenty piglets were used to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of maltodextrin as a replacement of lactose for weaned piglets from 21 to 51 days of age, in a randomized complete block design, according to a 2x4 factorial (two diet types: simple or complex; and levels of maltodextrin as a replacement of lactose: 0.0%, 33.5%, 66.5% and 100,0%). The daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) were measured. No interaction between maltodextrin levels and diet type was observed. The pigs fed complex diets showed higher DWG from 0 to 15 days (P = 0.016) and better FC from 0 to 15 days (P = 0.010) and from 0 to 30 days (P = 0.020) post-weaning period. No effect of maltodextrin levels on DWG or DFI was observed from 0 to 15 days or from 0 to 30 days; on FC from 0 to 15 days. Maltodextrin showed a quadratic effect on FC from 0 to 30 days (Ŷ = 1.53000 + 0.002287X + 0.000022X2; R2 = 0.64). Diets containing only maltodextrin provided the best economical results. The maltodextrin can fully replace lactose in simple or complex pre-starter or starter diets without affecting performance weanling pigs from 21 and 51 days of age.
Jorge, Fabricio Gava de Almeida. « Redes Empresariais e Sustentabilidade : modelos baseados em agentes para análise da difusão de estratégias no ambiente competitivo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100132/tde-15122014-120056/.
Texte intégralWith the disclosure of anthropogenic impacts on climate in recent years, there has been a growing debate about the incorporation of environmental issues on the corporate agenda. Although the environmental externalities of productive activity are known since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the processes of development and implementation of corporate sustainability strategies are still under development. The present work analyzes the dynamics of the diffusion of sustainability strategies on enterprise networks through models of complex social systems. Hence, we analyze three well known models: Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) and Ito and Kaneko (2002). This analysis underpins the creation of a specific model, which results are used to generate hypotheses that support the development of prospective scenarios, based on Berger (1959) and Godet (2008). Finally, these scenarios present possible future realities for the emergence of a sustainable productive sector, assisting in the planning of businesses and governments.
Batalioto, Camilla Ferradoza. « Desenvolvimento de sistemas para remoção e transformação de monóxido de carbono proveniente do gás de síntese ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3754.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Estado do Paraná (FA)
The generation of syngas, consisting mainly of hydrogen gas (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) has attracted attention because it is an energetic alternative to use of biomass, this produced gas can be used in the thermal generation of electricity, In obtaining hydrogen gas and in the chemical transformation industry to obtain basic raw materials, as the global demand for energy is increasing and social awareness measures are countered on the consequences of global warming it becomes necessary to search for alternative sources. In this sense, research involving materials that are used as adsorbents or transformers of carbon monoxide aimed at reducing intoxications for living beings, occupational health of workers and environmental contamination need to be encouraged. The present work explores the use of the aminpentacianoferrate potassium complex as a reagent in the removal of carbon monoxide. Synthesized from potassium nitroprusside, the aminpentacianoferrate complex was tested in the reaction with CO using hypodermic polypropylene syringes of 50 mL (covered with light protection material due to the instability of the solution in front of it) inserted in a thermostated Solab (± 1.0 °C). The carbon monoxide gas was collected directly from the cylinder by means of a Tedlar® bag (polyvinyl fluoride), which was used to collect the aminpentacianoferrate complex dissolved in purified water solutions, sodium hydroxide 0.1 mol L-1, 0.1 mol L-1 tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.0 and 0.1 mol L-1 potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at 15 and 30 minutes times and at temperatures of 15 and 25 °C. All assays were performed in duplicates. The collected data showed that the aminpentacianoferrato complex can be used as a complexing agent for carbon monoxide in aqueous medium and in 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH medium. The reaction presents linear correlation and other gases tested do not interfere, indicating this substance as a CO remover of the medium in different applications, as gasifier or preventively in heating systems by combustion, avoiding contaminations by incomplete burning.
A geração de gás de síntese, constituído principalmente do gás hidrogênio (H2) e do gás monóxido de carbono (CO) tem chamado a atenção por ser uma alternativa energética de aproveitamento da biomassa, este gás produzido pode ser utilizado na geração térmica de eletricidade, na obtenção de gás hidrogênio e na indústria de transformação química para a obtenção de matérias primas de base, uma vez que a demanda mundial por energia é crescente e contrapõem-se as medidas de conscientização social sobre as consequências do aquecimento global torna-se necessário a busca por fontes alternativas. Neste sentido, pesquisas que envolvam materiais que sejam utilizados como adsorventes ou transformadores de monóxido de carbono visando a diminuição de intoxicações para seres vivos, na saúde ocupacional de trabalhadores e na contaminação ambiental precisam ser incentivadas. O presente trabalho explora a utilização do complexo aminopentacianoferrato de potássio como reagente na remoção do monóxido de carbono. Sintetizado a partir do nitroprussiato de potássio, o complexo aminpentacianoferrato foi testado na reação com CO utilizando-se seringas hipodérmicas de polipropileno de 50 mL (cobertas com material para proteção da luz devido a instabilidade da solução frente a mesma) inseridas em banho termostatizado Solab (erro ± 1,0 °C). O gás monóxido de carbono foi coletado diretamente do cilindro por meio de bag de Tedlar® (fluoreto de polivinila), que foi utilizado para a coleta nas seringas contendo o complexo aminpentacianoferrato dissolvido nas soluções de água purificada, hidróxido de sódio 0,1 mol L-1, tampão tris-HCl 0,1 mol L-1 no pH 7,0 e em solução tampão fosfato de potássio 0,1 mol L-1 pH 7,0, nos tempos de 15 e 30 minutos e em temperaturas de 15 e 25 °C. Todos os ensaios foram realizados em duplicatas. Os dados coletados mostraram que o complexo aminpentacianoferrato pode ser utilizado como um agente complexante para o monóxido de carbono em meio aquoso e em meio de NaOH 0,1 mol L-1. A reação apresenta correlação linear e outros gases testados não interferem, indicando a eficiencia desta substancia como removedora de CO do meio em diferentes aplicações, como gaseificadores ou preventivamente em sistemas de aquecimento por combustão, evitando contaminações por queima incompleta.
Abade, André da Silva. « Uma abordagem de teste estrutural de uma transformações M2T baseada em hipergrafos ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8721.
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Context: MDD (Model-Driven Development) is a software development paradigm in which the main artefacts are models, from which source code or other artefacts are generated. Even though MDD allows different views of how to decompose a problem and how to design a software to solve it, this paradigm introduces new challenges related to the input models, transformations and output artefacts. Problem Statement: Thus, software testing is a fundamental activity to reveal defects and improve confidence in the software products developed in this context. Several techniques and testing criteria have been proposed and investigated. Among them, functional testing has been extensively explored primarily in the M2M (Model-to-Model) transformations, while structural testing for M2T (Model-to-Text) transformations still poses challenges and lacks appropriate approaches. Objective: This work aims to to present a proposal for the structural testing of M2T transformations through the characterisation of input models as complex data, templates and output artefacts involved in this process. Method: The proposed approach was organised in five phases. Its strategy proposes that the complex data (grammars and metamodels) are represented by directed hypergraphs, allowing that a combinatorial-based traversal algorithm creates subsets of the input models that will be used as test cases for the M2T transformations. In this perspective, we carried out two exploratory studies with the specific purpose of feasibility analysis of the proposed approach. Results and Conclusion: The evaluation of results from the exploratory studies, through the analysis of some testing coverage criteria, demonstrated the relevance and feasibility of the approach for characterizing complex data for M2T transformations testing. Moreover, structuring the testing strategy in phases enables the revision and adjustment of activities, in addition to assisting the replication of the approach within different applications that make use of the MDD paradigm.
Contexto: O MDD (Model-Driven Development ou Desenvolvimento Dirigido por Modelos) e um paradigma de desenvolvimento de software em que os principais artefatos são os modelos, a partir dos quais o código ou outros artefatos são gerados. Esse paradigma, embora possibilite diferentes visões de como decompor um problema e projetar um software para soluciona-lo, introduz novos desafios, qualificados pela complexidade dos modelos de entrada, as transformações e os artefatos de saída. Definição do Problema: Dessa forma, o teste de software e uma atividade fundamental para revelar defeitos e aumentar a confiança nos produtos de software desenvolvidos nesse contexto. Diversas técnicas e critérios de teste vem sendo propostos e investigados. Entre eles, o teste funcional tem sido bastante explorado primordialmente nas transformações M2M (Model-to-Model ou Modelo para Modelo), enquanto que o teste estrutural em transformações M2T (Model-to-Text ou Modelo para Texto) ainda possui alguns desafios e carência de novas abordagens. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar uma proposta para o teste estrutural de transformações M2T, por meio da caracterização dos dados complexos dos modelos de entrada, templates e artefatos de saída envolvidos neste processo. Metodologia: A abordagem proposta foi organizada em cinco fases e sua estratégia propõe que os dados complexos (gramáticas e metamodelos) sejam representados por meio de hipergrafos direcionados, permitindo que um algoritmo de percurso em hipergrafos, usando combinatória, crie subconjuntos dos modelos de entrada que serão utilizados como casos de teste para as transformações M2T. Nesta perspectiva, realizou-se dois estudos exploratórios com propósito específico da analise de viabilidade quanto a abordagem proposta. Resultados: A avaliação dos estudos exploratórios proporcionou, por meio da analise dos critérios de cobertura aplicados, um conjunto de dados que demonstram a relevância e viabilidade da abordagem quanto a caracterização de dados complexos para os testes em transformações M2T. A segmentação das estratégias em fases possibilita a revisão e adequação das atividades do processo, além de auxiliar na replicabilidade da abordagem em diferentes aplicações que fazem uso do paradigma MDD.
Funo, Kelly Ayumi [UNESP]. « Fatores para gerenciamento de riscos na cadeia de fornecedores de fabricantes de aeronaves ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99312.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Existem fatores de risco que afetam a cadeia de suprimentos e podem gerar descontinuidade. Analisar e gerir tais fatores de risco é uma necessidade das empresas fabricantes de produtos complexos, como aviões e navios. Alguns autores reconhecem essa necessidade, porém identificou-se pouca literatura para o setor aeronáutico. Considerando esta necessidade, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar fatores de risco da cadeia de suprimentos de fabricantes de aeronaves, delimitado ao mercado nacional e gestão de fornecedores. Os fatores levantados foram hierarquizados com o auxílio do Método AHP, a fim de priorizar os fatores quanto a sua criticidade. Dentre os noves fatores de riscos identificados, três deles estiveram entre os cinco primeiros em criticidade (Qualidade, Produtividade e Cadeia de Suprimentos). O resultado da priorização dos fatores de risco quanto a sua criticidade, depende do momento econômico e político em que a empresa se encontra, sendo necessário a sua revisão periódica. A pesquisa foi classificada como qualitativa e foi caracterizada pelo estudo de caso único e as informações e dados analisados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com profissionais do principal fabricante de aeronaves nacional.
There are factors that affect the supply chain and contribute to risk of disruption. Mitigate such risk factors is a need for manufacturers of complex products such as aircrafts and ships. Some authors recognize this need, but there are not many researches in aerospace sector. Considering this need, this research aimed to identify risk factors in the aerospace supply chain, limited in domestic market and supplier’s management. The factors identified were prioritized by criticality using the AHP method. Among the nine risk factors identified, three of them were among the top five in criticality (Quality, Productivity and Supply Chain). The result of it depends on the economic or political environment, being necessary a periodic review. The research was classified as qualitative and single case study and the information and data analyzed were obtained by means interviews with professionals from major national aircraft manufacturer.
Hernandez, Lorena Soriano. « Resolubilidade perto do conjunto característico para uma classe de campos vetoriais complexos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-09112016-161310/.
Texte intégralThis dissertation deals with the solvability of complex vector fieldL = ∂ /∂t +(a(x) + ib(x))∂/∂x, b ≢ 0 defined on Ωε = (-ε ε) × S1, ε > 0, near the characteristic set Σ = {0} × S1, where a and b are C∞ real-valued functions in (- ε, ε). The presented results show hat solvability of L in a full neighborhood of Σ depends on the interplay between the order of vanishing of the functions and a and b at x = 0.
Viana, Matheus Palhares. « \"Metodologia das redes complexas para caracterização do sistema de Havers\" ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-15032007-135024/.
Texte intégralThis work studies in detail the channel system of the cortical bone of animals from the complex networks point of view. This system is composed by channels parallel to the main axis of the bone and by channels perpendicular to it. These channels are called Haversian and Volkmann channels, respectively. Their main function is to lead the blood vessels responsible for cell nourishment through the whole bone structure. The set of channels was mapped into a network in which we considered each node as the confluence of one or more channels and the edges among the nodes as the channels. We analysed the topological features of the Haversian network using classic concepts of complex networks, such as degree, clustering coefficient, distribution of the shortest path and communities detection. We also used hierarquical approaches for some of these measurements. We showed that the cortical bone network is highly modular and organized into communities very well defined and spatially localized. The latter feature was important in order to define the topological properties of the communities. The results indicate that the Haversian network is similar to other man-made networks, suggesting a natural process of optimization during its creation. Some dynamical aspects were also investigated through despercolation process. We showed that the Haversian communities are not equally resistent to edges removal. Moreover, the more resilient communities were found to be at the posterior portion of the bone, where are also placed the bone protrusions, responsible for support and balance of the structure. We also evaluated the flow between the marrow bone and the periosteum during the despercolation process and compared with the flow while the network was submitted to edges attacks. Our results indicate that the random removal of the edges is more harmful to the transport properties of this network.
Lucena, Mycarla M?ria Ara?jo de. « Proposta de crit?rios adicionais para defini??o de ?rea Priorit?ria para Conserva??o no Semi?rido brasileiro ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18721.
Texte intégralCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Environmental changes and their consequences on the global level have challenged the different fields of study to integrate towards effective solutions to minimize and /or equate the negative impacts of these changes in different types of environments. In this context, the Environmental Perception has been a widely used and relevant in studies that consider the relationship between the environment and human actions, by allowing analysis of perceptions, attitudes and values, key influencers of topophilia that resonates in conservation tool. Allied to Environmental Perception, Integrated Analysis of the Landscape is relevant because it allows to analyze in a systematic way the geographical space where all its elements are interrelated in a way that supports needed to understand the complex physical and human environment of a given environment. In this perspective, we have studied the Jo?o do Vale Serrano Complex, located in semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte state, which features a set of landscapes with different faces, which are being replaced by various economic activities and disordered population growth, with consequent exploitation the potential of natural resources. This thesis main goal was to combine the Environmental Perception of rural communities to the of Serrano Complex Landscape Analysis as additional criteria for the definition of Priority Areas for Conservation. The perception data were collected through direct observation, questioning, interviews and application forms to 240 people (100 % of occupied households in the mountain community) during the months of february and august 2011, with theoretical and methodological basis Environmental Perception. Integrated Landscape Analysis was performed by GTP (Geosystem - Territory - Landscape) method, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), using the technique of GIS for mapping the landscape. The results showed that respondents have a sense of topophilia by where they live, hold a vast knowledge of the natural resources in this Serrano Complex, and responded positively regarding the choice of an exclusive area for conservation. The Integrated Analysis of Landscape possible to identify the different forms of existing uses and occupations in Serrano Complex, have caused significant changes in space, especially on the plateau where vegetation was virtually replaced by human dwellings and cashew plantations. Through the maps of slope and environmental vulnerability was identified that areas with high slopes (gullies) are limiting factor for occupation by communities and therefore relevant and amenable to conservation, including by being Permanent Preservation Areas. These results, together, made possible to define a map of Priority Areas for Conservation in Serrano Complex, with three priority categories: low, medium and high. Therefore, the use of these additional criteria are relevant for the definition /designation of Priority Areas for Conservation
As transforma??es ambientais e suas consequ?ncias em n?vel global t?m desafiado os diferentes campos de estudo a se integrarem em prol de solu??es efetivas para minimizar e/ou equacionar os impactos negativos causados por essas transforma??es nos diversos tipos de ambientes. Nesse contexto, a Percep??o Ambiental tem sido um instrumento bastante utilizado e relevante em estudos que contemplam as rela??es entre meio ambiente e a??es humanas, por possibilitar an?lises das percep??es, atitudes e valores, principais formadores da topofilia, que repercute em a??es de conserva??o. Aliada ? Percep??o Ambiental, a An?lise Integrada da Paisagem ? relevante por possibilitar analisar de forma sist?mica o espa?o geogr?fico, onde todos os seus elementos est?o interrelacionados de forma que d?o suporte necess?rio para compreens?o da complexidade do meio f?sico e antr?pico de um determinado ambiente. Nessa perspectiva, foi estudado o Complexo Serrano Jo?o do Vale, situado no Semi?rido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, que apresenta um conjunto de paisagens com diferentes fisionomias, as quais v?m sendo substitu?das por diversas atividades econ?micas e crescimento populacional desordenados, com consequente explora??o das potencialidades dos recursos naturais. Esta tese teve como objetivo geral aliar a Percep??o Ambiental de comunidades rurais ? An?lise da Paisagem do Complexo Serrano como crit?rios adicionais para defini??o de ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o. Os dados de percep??o foram obtidos por meio de observa??o direta, questionamentos, entrevistas e aplica??o de formul?rios a 240 pessoas (100% dos domic?lios ocupados na comunidade serrana), durante os meses de fevereiro a agosto de 2011, com base te?rico-metodol?gica da Percep??o Ambiental. A An?lise Integrada da Paisagem foi efetuada atrav?s do m?todo GTP (Geossistema- Territ?rio- Paisagem), por meio do Sistema de Informa??o Geogr?fica (SIG), utilizando a t?cnica de geoprocessamento para o mapeamento da paisagem. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os entrevistados apresentam um sentimento de topofilia pelo local onde vivem, det?m um vasto conhecimento sobre os recursos naturais existentes nesse Complexo Serrano, e responderam positivamente quanto ? escolha de uma ?rea exclusiva para conserva??o. A An?lise Integrada da Paisagem possibilitou identificar as diversas formas de usos e ocupa??es existentes no Complexo Serrano, que t?m causado mudan?as significativas no espa?o, principalmente no plat? onde a vegeta??o foi praticamente substitu?da pelas habita??es humanas e planta??es de cajueiros. Atrav?s dos mapas de declividade e vulnerabilidade ambiental foi poss?vel identificar que as ?reas com elevadas declividades (grotas) constituem fator limitante para a ocupa??o pelas comunidades e, portanto, relevantes e pass?veis de conserva??o, inclusive por serem ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente. Esses resultados, em conjunto, possibilitaram definir um mapa de ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o nesse Complexo Serrano, com tr?s categorias de prioridade: baixa, m?dia e alta. Portanto, o uso desses crit?rios adicionais s?o relevantes para defini??o/designa??o de ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o
Carmo, Eduardo do. « Modelos estatísticos para o ordenamento nemático biaxial ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-15052012-091811/.
Texte intégralWe consider the Maier-Saupe model with the Zwanzig restriction for the orientations of the liquid-crystalline molecules. This model describes the nematic-isotropic phase transition of the thermotropic liquid-crystals. In order to study an elusive biaxial structure on a binary mixture of rods and discs, we add new disordered shape variables. For a quenched distribution of shapes, the system displays a stable biaxial nematic phase. For a thermalized distribution of shapes, however, the biaxial structure is forbidden. These results are confirmed through a connection with the Landau-de Gennes theory. To gain confidence in the use of these techniques, we also studied a model for a binary mixture of Ising magnets on a lattice. In order to go beyond the mean-field calculations, we consider the discretized Maier- Saupe (-Zwanzig) model on a Bethe lattice. The analysis of the problem is performed by the iteration of some recurrence relations. The isotropic-nematic phase transition is determined through the free energy that comes from the Gujrati method. For the problem of a binary mixture of prolate and oblate molecules, using a formalism suitable for the fluidity of the nematic molecules, we show that both thermodynamic and dynamic analyses of stability preclude the existence of a nematic biaxial phase.
BEZERRA, Janira Maria Nascimento Alves. « Avaliação de aspectos e tecnológicos para obtenção de sistemas nanoestruturados polímeros para administração oral de insulina ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17995.
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CNPq
O desenvolvimento de sistemas de administração de fármacos utilizando biopolímeros, como a goma de cajueiro e quitosana tem-se destacado pela formação de nanoestruturas por complexação polieletrolítica, realizada pela interação das diferentes cargas dos materiais e devido as suas promissoras propriedades, dentre elas: excelente biodegradabilidade, elevada biocompatibilidade, baixa toxicidade. Usados no desenvolvimento nanotecnológico de formulações para proteção de fármacos peptídicos, como a insulina, para sua administração por via oral, no qual faz-se necessário pela sua instabilidade em variações de pH. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese de nanopartículas a partir de biopolímeros por complexação polieletrolítica para administração oral de insulina e avaliação analítica do fármaco e seu principal produto de degradação o A-21 em meio ácido. Nanopartículas de goma de cajueiro e quitosana foram sintetizadas por complexação polieletrolítica com e sem adição do tripolifosfato de sódio, como agente de reticulação. Foram caracterizadas quanto ao seu tamanho, carga superficial, índice de polidispersão e adicionalmente a Espectroscopia da Região do Infravermelho (FTIR), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Análise Termogravimétrica (TG). Para a determinação analítica da insulina e seu principal produto de degradação o A-21 foi realizado um planejamento experimental fatorial, a fim de analisar quais variantes iriam influenciar para obtenção de um menor tempo de análise das moléculas por HPLC. Vinte e sete experimentos foram realizados e destacou-se dentre os valores observados nos tempos de retenção de 5,18 min para insulina e 9,10 min para o A-21, na condição onde a temperatura da coluna foi de 35°C, fluxo do eluente de 1,0 mL/min-1 e na proporção da fase móvel de 52% KH2PO4, 31% acetonitrila e 17% metanol, uma análise final com cerca de 11 minutos. Em média os fatores que mais influenciaram no sistema foram o fluxo do eluente e a proporção da fase móvel, demonstrados através da estimativa dos efeito, análise da variância e teste F. O modelo linear obtido demonstrou ter uma boa predição para o método, com pontos reais de distribuição aleatórios condizentes aos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, a variância total explicada de 91,14% e o modelo deixa de explicar 8,86% dos resíduos. A adequabilidade cromatográfica da combinação das variáveis independentes resultaram em valores próximos ou dentro dos limites estabelecidos. Os resultados das avaliações de concentração dos biopolímeros, proporção dos agentes de reticulação, ordens de adição, pH das soluções mostraram-se bastante significativos na influência dos tamanhos das partículas, potencial zeta e índice de polidispersão. Houve uma grande distinção das preparações com e sem TPP, pois foi evidenciada uma eficaz ação reticulante entre os polieletrólitos, as ligações cruzadas realizadas foram importantes para aperfeiçoamento dos parâmetros, demonstrado a redução dos tamanhos das nanopartículas, de modo homogêneo e com baixos índices de polidispersão, potenciais zeta na faixa neutra diferindo nos valores de acordo com a concentração adicionado. Através das caracterizações realizadas por FTIR, MEV e TG houve a demonstração da interação entre os materiais estudados. As características e propriedades apresentadas pelas nanoesferas formadas pela interação GC/TPP/QT indicam um promissor sistema de liberação de fármacos e proteção para moléculas instáveis ao ambiente gastrointestinal.
The development of drug delivery systems using biopolymers such as cashew gum and chitosan it has been highlighted by the formation of nanostructures by complexation polyelectrolytic held by the interaction of the different loads of materials and due to their promising properties, among them: excellent biodegradability , high biocompatibility, low toxicity. Used in nanotechnological development of formulations for protection peptide drugs such as insulin, for administration orally, in which it is necessary for its instability at pH variations. This study aimed to the synthesis of nanoparticles from biopolymers by complexation polyelectrolytic for oral administration of insulin and analytical evaluation of the drug and its main degradation product A-21 in acid. cashew gum and chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by complexation polyelectrolytic with and without addition of sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinking agent. They were characterized as to their size, surface charge, polydispersity and additionally Spectroscopy Infrared Region index (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). For the analytical determination of insulin and its main degradation product A-21 factorial experimental design was conducted to analyze variants which would influence to obtain a shorter analysis of molecules by HPLC. Twenty-seven experiments were conducted and it was highlighted among the values observed at 5.18 min retention time of 9.10 min for insulin and A-21 in the condition where the column temperature was 35 ° C, flow of the eluent of 1.0 ml / min-1 and the rate of mobile phase of 52% KH2PO4, 31% acetonitrile and 17% methanol, with a final analysis about 11 minutes. On average the factors that most influence the system were the eluent flow and the proportion of the mobile phase, demonstrated by estimating the effect of variance analysis and test F. The resulting linear model was shown to have a good prediction for the method, with points real random distribution consistent with the results obtained experimentally, the total explained variance of 91.14% and the model fails to explain 8.86% of the waste. Chromatographic suitability of the combination of the independent variables resulted in close to or within the established limits. The results of evaluations concentration of biopolymers, the proportion of cross-linking agents, addition orders, the solutions pH were quite significant in the influence of particle size, zeta potential and molecular weight distribution index. There was distinction of preparations with and without TPP, as was evidenced effective action crosslinking of polyelectrolytes, cross-connections made were important for improvement of the parameters shown to reduce the size of the nanoparticles, homogeneous way and with low levels of polydispersity, zeta potential in the neutral range in differing values according to the concentration added. Through the characterizations made by FTIR, SEM and TG was the demonstration of the interaction between the studied materials. The characteristics and properties presented by the nanospheres formed by the interaction GC / TPP / QT indicate a promising system of drug delivery and protection for unstable molecules to the gastrointestinal environment.
Nobre, Kennedy Cabral. « Para uma concepÃÃo ampliada de cadeia de gÃneros ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4094.
Texte intégralEsta pesquisa apresenta uma revisÃo do conceito de cadeia de gÃneros desde sua genealogia em Bakhtin (2000 [1953]) atà a discussÃo dos critÃrios caracterizadores propostos por Fairclough (2001a [1992]; 2003) e por Swales (2004). Para estes autores, uma cadeia de gÃneros diz respeito a um agrupamento sistemÃtico de gÃneros em que hà uma transformaÃÃo regular, necessÃria, previsÃvel e, conseqÃentemente, cronolÃgica de um gÃnero a outro. A partir da anÃlise empÃrica de cadeias de gÃneros situadas no domÃnio institucional universitÃrio-escolar, sugerimos uma distinÃÃo entre cadeias simples e complexas. Nas primeiras, todos os gÃneros que a constituem seriam produzidos em um Ãnico Ãmbito institucional, cuja disposiÃÃo linear revelaria aspectos do funcionamento das atividades de determinada instituiÃÃo. Neste ponto, associamos Ãs cadeias simples a noÃÃo de disciplina pensada por Foucault (2008c [1975]), uma vez que o estabelecimento de uma cadeia simples tem por propÃsito regular as prÃticas institucionais. As cadeias complexas, por sua vez, sÃo desdobramentos de uma cadeia simples por meio de uma ligaÃÃo com gÃneros produzidos em domÃnios institucionais alheios. Nesse caso, por meio da anÃlise de anÃncios escolares, percebemos que cadeias simples de uma determinada instituiÃÃo na verdade sÃo complexificadas pelas prÃticas genÃricas de outra, motivadas pela contÃnua luta hegemÃnica. AlÃm disso, percebemos que a complexificaÃÃo de uma cadeia simples se restringe a domÃnios interinstitucionais que mantÃm entre si uma relaÃÃo de intercontextualidade (MEURER, 2004). Por fim, alegamos que uma cadeia de gÃneros Ã, na verdade, a parte discursiva de uma cadeia de prÃticas em cuja constituiÃÃo entram elementos discursivos e nÃo discursivos.
This research presents a review of the concept of genre chains from their origins in Bakhtin (2000 [1953]) to the discussion of the criteria proposed by Fairclough (2001a [1992], 2003) and Swales (2004) for its characterization. For these authors, genre chains is a systematic grouping of genres that are a regular transformation necessary, predictable and, consequently, chronological one genre to another. From the empirical analysis of genre chains located in the academic-educational range, we suggest a distinction between simple and complex chains. In the first, all the genres that constitute it would be produced in a single institutional framework, the linear arrangement would reveal aspects of the functioning of the activities of individual institutions. At this point, the single chains associate the concept of discipline thought by Foucault (2008c [1975]), since the establishment of a single chain aims at the regular institutional practices. The complex chains, in turn, are offshoots of a single chain through a link with genres produced in areas outside institutions. In this case, through the analysis of school advertisements, we find that single chains of a particular institution are actually complexified by generic practices of others, motivated by the ongoing hegemonic struggle. Also, we realized that the complexity of a single chain is restricted to areas that institutions shall practice mutual relationship of intercontextuality (MEURER, 2004). Finally, we claim that a genre chain is actually a discursive part of a chain practices in which discursive and non-discursive elements enter into its constitution.
Picon, Tiago Henrique. « Estimativas locais para complexos elíticos ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5821.
Texte intégralUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
In this work, we extend some global L1 estimates proved by Bourgain-Brezis in the case of the de Rham complex on RN to the setup of local L1 estimates for elliptic complexes, namely, those associated to involutive elliptic structures spanned by a family of linearly independent smooth complex vector fields. In particular, we obtain a local version of Gagliardo-Nirenberg estimates for elliptic systems of vector fields.
Neste trabalho, estendemos algumas estimativas L1 provadas por Bourgain-Brezis no caso do complexo de de Rham em RN para o contexto local de estimativas L1 para complexos elíticos, a saber, aqueles associados a uma estrutura involutiva elítica gerada por uma família de campos vetoriais suaves e linearmente independentes. Em particular, obtemos uma versão local da desigualdade de Gagliardo-Nirenberg para um sistema de campos vetoriais elíticos.
Alonso, Ronaldo Luiz. « Dinâmica de partículas e aprendizado competitivo para detecção de comunidades em redes complexas ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-01072008-141436/.
Texte intégralStudy of complex networks has triggered tremendous interests in recent years. One of the salient features of complex networks is the presence of communities, or groups of densely connected nodes. Community detection can not only help to understand the topological structure of complex networks, but also provide new techniques for real applications, such as data mining. In this work, a new model for complex network community detection is proposed, in which several particles walk in the network and compete with each other to mark their own territory and reject particle intruders. The process reaches dynamics equilibrium when each community has only one particle. This approach not only can get good community detection results, but also presents several interesting features: 1) The particle competition process is rather similar to many natural and social processes, such as resource competition by animals, territory exploration by humans (animal), election campaigns, etc.. Thus, the model proposed in this work may be useful to simulate dynamical evolution of such processes. 2) In this model, a rule to control the level of randomness of particle walking is introduced. We found a small portion of randomness can largely improve the community detection rate. Such a finding is analogous to a remarkable phenomenon called stochastic resonance (SR) where the performance of a nonlinear deterministic system can be largely enhanced by introducing a certain level of noise. Interestingly, such a SR-type phenomenon is observed in quite a different situation from classical SR systems. 3) Our finding indicates that randomness has an important role in evolutionary systems and in machine learning. It serves to automatically escape some undesirable traps and explore new spaces, i.e., it is a novelty finder. 4) A quantitative analysis for two particle competition in two communities is provided. This is a step toward the development of fundamental theory of competitive learning
Batista, Rodrigo de Abreu. « Combinando centralidade de intermediação e demanda de tráfego para identificação de pontos centrais em redes viárias ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129878.
Texte intégralThis work consists of a study of applicability of betweenness centrality combined with traffic demands in road networks with the objective of identifying their central points. By central points we refer to those which appear with high frequency among the paths used by drivers that move along the road network. It is an exploratory study, which begins with the application of the betweenness centrality on simple networks, extending to simulations on networks based on real maps. In this study we have analyzed the behavior of the metric over the network topology - i.e. without considering demand, as well as experiments considering demands with several magnitudes. To illustrate the proposed method, the results are compared with betweenness centrality values calculated over roadways occupation rates extracted from microscopic simulation. At the end, evidence that the proposed method can explain traffic flows with better performance than the original betweenness centrality were presented. However, the proposed method was shown to be very sensitive to the cost function used in the allocation of the graph network traffic demand. The best results demonstrated by the proposed approach were obtained in experiments on nonregular networks and non-uniform traffic demands. In the case of regular networks with uniform demand, the best performance was obtained by calculating the betweenness centrality without considering the demand, but assigning the unitary cost to the edges of the network graph.
Hauptli, Lucélia 1978. « Maltodextrina e óleos como fontes de energia para leitões / ». Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104984.
Texte intégralBanca: Jacinta Diva Gomes Ferrugem
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Banca: Silvia Maria Alves Gomes
Banca: Valdomiro Shigueru Miyada
Resumo: Para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de maltodextrina em substituição a lactose para leitões dos 21 aos 51 dias de idade, foram utilizados 120 animais, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x4 (duas dietas: simples e complexa e níveis de maltodextrina substituindo a lactose: 0,0%; 33,5%; 66,5% e 100,0%). Foram avaliados o consumo diário de ração (CDR), o ganho diário de peso (GDP) e a conversão alimentar (CA) em dois períodos pósdesmame (0-15 dias e 0-30 dias). Não houve interação entre os níveis de maltodextrina e as dietas para as variáveis de desempenho. Os leitões que consumiram as dietas complexas apresentaram maior GDP (P = 0,016) no período de 0 a 15 dias e melhor CA nos períodos de 0 a 15 dias (P = 0,010) e de 0 a 30 dias (P = 0,020) pós-desmame. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de maltodextrina sobre o CDR e GDP nos dois períodos e na CA no período de 0 a 15 dias. O aumento do nível de maltodextrina na dieta dos leitões determinou efeito quadrático na CA no período de 0 a 30 dias (Ŷ = 1,530000 + 0,002287X + 0,000022X2; R2 = 0,64). As rações contendo somente maltodextrina em sua composição proporcionaram melhor resultado econômico. A maltodextrina pode substituir totalmente a lactose nas dietas pré-iniciais e iniciais, simples ou complexas, sem afetar o desempenho de leitões dos 21 aos 51 dias de idade.
Abstract: One hundred and twenty piglets were used to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of maltodextrin as a replacement of lactose for weaned piglets from 21 to 51 days of age, in a randomized complete block design, according to a 2x4 factorial (two diet types: simple or complex; and levels of maltodextrin as a replacement of lactose: 0.0%, 33.5%, 66.5% and 100,0%). The daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) were measured. No interaction between maltodextrin levels and diet type was observed. The pigs fed complex diets showed higher DWG from 0 to 15 days (P = 0.016) and better FC from 0 to 15 days (P = 0.010) and from 0 to 30 days (P = 0.020) post-weaning period. No effect of maltodextrin levels on DWG or DFI was observed from 0 to 15 days or from 0 to 30 days; on FC from 0 to 15 days. Maltodextrin showed a quadratic effect on FC from 0 to 30 days (Ŷ = 1.53000 + 0.002287X + 0.000022X2; R2 = 0.64). Diets containing only maltodextrin provided the best economical results. The maltodextrin can fully replace lactose in simple or complex pre-starter or starter diets without affecting performance weanling pigs from 21 and 51 days of age.
Doutor
Werle, Natalia Jaeger Basso. « Framework para análise de folgas em sistemas sócio-técnicos complexos : aplicação em uma maternidade ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156777.
Texte intégralThe healthcare sector currently lacks management techniques that aim to improve processes, allowing cost reduction by optimizing existing resources. The health system, classified as a complex system due to the diversity of nonlinear interactions that it presents, has been studied from the point of view of resilience engineering that emphasizes the need to regulate its functioning in the face of an adverse situation. In turn, resilience is facilitated through the use of slack, which provide reserve resources to deal with variability. While slack are important to maintaining resilience, it can also be idle resources that tend to mask variability when in excess. Therefore, a balance must be considered between the minimum necessary to maintain the resilience of the system and the maximum that doesn’t fit as a waste of resources. For this, this work develops and applies a framework that aims to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the slack in order to redesign the complex socio-technical system. The study was performed in a maternity hospital, that is a reference in private care. The processes of flow of the patient's value were mapped, allowing the identification of 17 sources of variability and 20 resources of slack. The redesign of the work system involved the classification of slack between the requisites raised, in order to prioritize the variabilities less covered by the slack. The framework proved to be effective in highlighting the priorities in the redesign of the slack and variabilities, in order to make the studied system more resilient.
Montanha, Jocimar [UNESP]. « Motivações para o ensino dos números complexos ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148836.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal apresentar uma sugestão de como introduzir e contextualizar os conceitos de números complexos, utilizando como motivações áudios, vídeos e software, além de outras atividades complementares sugeridas. Os áudios tratam dos números complexos através de uma história livremente inspirada no livro O Médico e o Monstro, do escritor escocês Robert Louis Stevenson. Os vídeos mostram uma maneira divertida e curiosa de olhar para os números complexos contando um pouco sobre sua história. O software tem a finalidade de estudar as transformações geométricas no plano (translação, rotação, dilatação e contração), utilizando os conceitos e operações de números complexos, propriedades e características geométricas. Este material faz parte da coleção M3 - Matemática Multimídia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, e serviu como base para organizarmos o nosso trabalho. Outro software utilizado é o GeoGebra que servirá de suporte para a realização das soluções das demais atividades sugeridas.
This work has as main objective to present a suggestion of how to introduce and contextualize the concepts of complex numbers, using as motivation audios, videos and software, and other complementary activities suggested. Audios deal with complex numbers through a story loosely inspired by the book The Doctor and Monster, the Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson. The videos show a fun and funny way to look at the complex numbers telling a little about their history. The software aims to study the geometric transformations in the plane (translation, rotation, expansion and contraction), using the concepts and operations of complex numbers, geometric properties and characteristics. This material is part of the M3 - Multimedia Mathematics collection of the State University of Campinas, and served as a basis for organizing our work. Another software used is GeoGebra that will be used to support the solutions of the other suggested activities.
Jácome, Samyr Silva Bezerra. « Aspectos dinâmicos e estruturais em modelos de redes para sistemas complexos ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12893.
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In this thesis we study systems where some form of disorder or non-homogeneity has a significant role at the complexity of the structural building or of the dynamics regulation of the system. First, we study the dynamics of Boolean networks, where the rules to update the state of the nodes are randomly chosen and control the global behavior of the system. At the critical threshold, and near to it, we propose that the transition to the critical regime can be characterized by the divergence of the relaxation time Tr. Based on simple scaling arguments, we show that the cumulative probability distribution of Tr decays as a power-law , with exponent iqual -1, for the annealed model at the critical region. Then, we study a novel method for network decomposition, which we apply to scale-free networks, that have the broad degree distribution as a fundamental feature. This method consists in a simultaneous and iterative remotion of groups of nodes with degree K until there are no more nodes with this degree in the network. Thus, we define new variables that characterize the process of decomposition and we obtain a set of well define exponents and parameters. From the behavior of these variables we can see, through some mathematical manipulations, that our method is self-consistent, serving as a useful tool for the study of the structural features of the network. At last, we study the backbones of the percolation cluster, where we use a network model with layers arranged in a disorderly way to represent some kind of anisotropy resistance to the percolation. Our numerical results indicate a break at the universality class on the fractal dimension and on the mass distribution of the backbones.
Nesta tese estudaremos sistemas onde alguma forma de desordem ou não-homogeneidade tem um importante papel na complexidade da formação estrutural ou da regulagem dinâmica do sistema. Primeiramente estudaremos a dinâmica das redes Booleanas, onde as regras de atualização escolhidas aleatoriamente controlam o comportamento global do sistema. Na condição crítica e próximo dela, propomos que a transição para o regime crítico pode ser caracterizado pela divergência do tempo de relaxação Tr. Baseados em simples argumentos de escalonamento, mostramos, além de outros resultados, que a probabilidade acumulativa da distribuição de Tr decai como uma lei de potência, com o expoente igual a -1, para o modelo annealed na região crítica. Em seguida estudamos um novo método de decomposição de redes aplicado às redes livres de escalas, onde a ampla distribuição de conectividade é um aspecto fundamental. O método consiste basicamente na retirada simultânea e iterativa de grupos de vértices com um determinado grau K de conectividade até que não haja mais sítios com este mesmo grau de conectividade na rede. Deste modo, definimos algumas variáveis que caractarizam o processo de decomposição e obtemos uma série de expoentes e parâmetros bem definidos. A partir do comportamento destas variáveis pudemos constatar por meio de algumas manipulações matemáticas que nosso método é auto-consistente, servindo como ótima ferramenta para estudo dos aspectos estruturais de uma rede. Por fim, estudamos os backbones, onde utilizamos um modelo de rede em que a desordem está no arranjo aleatório de camadas fáceis e difíceis à percolação. Os resultados numéricos indicam a quebra na classe de universalidade da geometria fractal e da distribuição de tamanhos de massa do backbones e também um comportamento assintótico da dimensão fractal no limite de grandes valores de massa e/ou anisotropia.
Funo, Kelly Ayumi. « Fatores para gerenciamento de riscos na cadeia de fornecedores de fabricantes de aeronaves / ». Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99312.
Texte intégralAbstract: There are factors that affect the supply chain and contribute to risk of disruption. Mitigate such risk factors is a need for manufacturers of complex products such as aircrafts and ships. Some authors recognize this need, but there are not many researches in aerospace sector. Considering this need, this research aimed to identify risk factors in the aerospace supply chain, limited in domestic market and supplier's management. The factors identified were prioritized by criticality using the AHP method. Among the nine risk factors identified, three of them were among the top five in criticality (Quality, Productivity and Supply Chain). The result of it depends on the economic or political environment, being necessary a periodic review. The research was classified as qualitative and single case study and the information and data analyzed were obtained by means interviews with professionals from major national aircraft manufacturer.
Orientador: Fernando Augusto Silva Marins
Coorientador: Jorge Muniz Junior
Banca: Valério Antonio Pamplona Salomon
Banca: Carlos Henrique Pereira Mello
Mestre
Costa, Waleska Rodrigues. « De volta para casa : do professor eterno ao complexo docente ». Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2519.
Texte intégralCampos, Ronaldo Ribeiro de. « Redes complexas e ações para compartilhamento de conhecimento : uma análise de redes sociais em um ambiente web para apoio à aprendizagem ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18157/tde-24062014-105925/.
Texte intégralKnowledge Management can be defined as a set of processes to capture, store, share and use knowledge. In the context of this work, the knowledge sharing process is accepted as a basic element to Knowledge Management because it represents the interaction among the individuals that compound a network of relationships from where knowledge emerges. The Social Network Analysis (SNA) offers metrics that make possible identify the network relationships and analyze them, but there still needs to identify actions that may reflect on a network structure that allows opportunities for knowledge sharing. The SNA techiniques were applied to anlyze the characteristics of a network compounded by students and created in a web environment which was represented by Facebook© . The methodology applied was based on a quantitative and qualitative study which was classified as a descriptive and exploratory research. Eigthteen periods of network behavior were analysed. The analyses allow us to understand better the representativeness of SNA metrics in the environment of knowledge sharing. A new metric called degree-weight was proposed. Also it was proposed a set of actions related to SNA metrics. A different set of actions was applied to two distinct networks. The results show us different network behaviors for each one of the set of actions. Also it was possible identify better conditions to the knowledge sharing process for one of the network structures.
Milanez, Jose Francisco Bernardes. « Noção complexa de saúde : contribuição para a construção à luz da teoria da complexidade ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153376.
Texte intégralThis theoretical work seeks a new way of understanding the wider and interdependent health in relation to the environment in order to overcome the Cartesian and anthropocentric current way of seeing the health and the difficulties it faces. He does this by using the Complexity Theory, inspired by Morin, and by studying its characteristics and comparing them with those of health, proposes the construction of a Complex Notion of Health, demonstrates aspects of its importance and gives examples of its scope, suggesting That is applied in education, in a joint learning of the Complex Notion of Health with the Complexity Theory, in a process of mutual assistance that we are calling recursive pedagogy.
Torres, Alemar Pereira, et 92981056447. « Compósitos com biochar e carvão vegetal para camadas de pavimentos asfálticos ». Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2018. https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6667.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Biochar is a charcoal derived from the carbonization of biomass under a low oxygen atmosphere. Its origin is due to the study developed in the so-called "Indian black earth", which considerably improves the agricultural properties of a soil. In the work under study the influence of biochar as a participant of composites with soil and asphalt mixtures is analyzed by means of the four point bending test. We also compare these results regarding the responses of the formulations with the presence of native charcoal from the Amazon region. For this, prismatic formations of natural clay soil (SN), soil-charcoal (SCV), soil-biochar (SBC), asphalt concrete (CA), asphalt-charcoal concrete (CACV) and concrete asphalt-biochar (CABC). The results showed that the biomass, which participates in composites with the clay soil, improved the stiffness properties, with the purpose of its use in base and sub-base of pavements, culminating in higher values for complex module regarding the mixtures with charcoal . Allus asphaltic composites with biochar and charcoal were verified for both values of stiffness inferior to the standard asphalt concrete, considering average temperature of 25oC. However, for the 40oC temperature, representative of the surface of the pavements of the city of Manaus, these formulations proved to be more advantageous in comparison to the concrete reference, conceiving an alternative for the achievement of road systems with better performance in the Amazon region.
O biochar é um carvão vegetal oriundo da carbonização de biomassa sob baixa atmosfera de oxigênio. Sua origem deve-se ao estudo desenvolvido na chamada “terra preta de índio”, a qual melhora consideravelmente as propriedades agrícolas de um solo. No trabalho em pauta analisa-se a influência do biochar como partícipe de compósitos com solo e misturas asfálticas, por meio do ensaio de flexão a quatro pontos. Também se comparam tais resultados relativos as respostas das formulações com a presença do carvão vegetal nativo da região amazônica. Para tal moldaram-se os corpos de prova de formato prismático do solo argiloso natural (SN), solo-carvão vegetal (SCV), solo-biochar (SBC), concreto asfáltico (CA), concreto asfáltico-carvão vegetal (CACV) e concreto asfáltico-biochar (CABC). Os resultados registraram que o biocarvão, participante em compósitos com o solo argiloso, melhorou as propriedades de rigidez, com a finalidade de seu emprego em base e sub-base de pavimentos, culminando em maiores valores para módulo complexo respeitante as misturas com o carvão vegetal. Alusivo aos compósitos asfálticos com biochar e carvão vegetal, verificou-se para ambos valores de rigidez inferior ao concreto asfáltico padrão, considerando temperatura média de 25oC. No entanto, para a temperatura de 40oC, representativa da superfície dos pavimentos da cidade de Manaus, tais formulações se mostraram mais vantajosos frente ao concreto referência, concebendo uma alternativa para a consecução de sistemas viários com melhor desempenho na região Amazônica.
Gomes, Márcio Roberto. « Explorando o tratamento matricial para uma introdução aos números complexos ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5883.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this work is to give a more geometric approach in the introduction of complex numbers in order to make them more compreenssíveis and eliminating the idea of strange numbers and difficult to understand. To achieve this far will be a study of the properties of matrices 2x2 operative type [ a −b b a ] ,with a, b ϵR, reaching the result that these matrices form one body. Then associated with such matrices to points on the plane R2. From the result of this association gets to multiply a vector by a matrix of this type corresponds to a spin efeturar and multiply it by a scalar. From then makes two-way matching between the matrices and complex numbers so that all properties studied in the previous section remain true. As a result of this correspondence we obtain that multiplying by i2 corresponds to a spin 180o , I.e., keep the direction and reverse direction which corresponds to multiplying by (−1), I.e., i2 = −1 . Thus one arrives at a result which is usually presented to students in the introduction of complex numbers but with a meaning that once lacked. Then did a study of compliance and deformation of transformations of variables through functions complexas.Com this approach is facilitated understanding by students of their same concepts and the same function, to conclude we present a practical situation in which it uses the complexs numbers.
O objetivo deste trabalho é dar um enfoque mais geométrico na introdução dos números complexos, de forma a torná-los mais compreensíveis e eliminando a ideia de números estranhos e de difícil compreensão.Para alcançar tal objetivo far-se-á um estudo das propriedades operatórias das matrizes 2x2 do tipo [ a −b b a ] , com a, b ϵR, chegando ao resultado de que tais matrizes formam um corpo. Em seguida associa-se tais matrizes a pontos do plano R2. A partir desta associação obtém o resultado que multiplicar um vetor por uma matriz deste tipo corresponde a efeturar um giro e multiplicá-lo por um escalar. A partir daí faz a correspondência biunívoca entre as matrizes e os números complexos de forma que todas as propriedades estudadas no item anterior permanecem verdadeiras. Como resultado desta correspondência obtemos que multiplicar por i2 corresponde a um giro de 180o , isto é, manter a direção e inverter o sentido o que corresponde a multiplicar por (−1), ou seja que i2 = −1. Desta forma chega-se ao resultado que normalmente é apresentado aos alunos na introdução dos números complexos porém com um significado que outrora não possuía. A seguir fez um estudo da conformidade e deformação das transformações através de funçõeoes de variáveis complexas.Com esta abordagem fica facilitada a compreensão por parte dos alunos dos seus conceitos e mesmo a função dos mesmos, para concluir apresentamos uma situação prática em que se utiliza os números complexos.
Pineda, Jhonathan Solarte. « Método de fronteira virtual para escoamentos invíscidos compressíveis ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18148/tde-26072016-103525/.
Texte intégralThis work presents a fluid-structure interaction method, known as virtual boundary method, developed for flow modeling, over complex geometries. The main characteristic of the method is that, the internal boundary condition at the surface are created using a function, that compute the body force from the momentum equations. This method is known as direct method. The virtual boundary method main advantage is the easy and quick mesh generation. Due the use two different grids, a Cartesian grid for the fluid and a curvilinear grid for the body that interact with the fluid. As these two grids are independent one of other, the grid generation algorithms are easier compared with other methods on CFD as the body fitted. Where the grid has to be adapted to the body of interest. The body fitted methods are implemented with complex algorithms, and high computational cost, especially when complex geometries are analyzed. In this work, the virtual boundary method are developed in order to work with in viscid compressible flow in two dimensions over complex geometries, tested over a cylinder and several NACA series 4 and critical airfoils. The regime of interest is the transonic, below the speed of sound, nevertheless results for several flow regimens (incompressible subsonic, compressible subsonic, transonic and supersonic) are also presented.