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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 26 juillet 2024

Mis à jour le 28 juillet 2024

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1

Pirogov, Andrey V., Marina V. Chernova, Dar'ya S. Nemtseva et Oleg A. Shpigun. « Sulfonated and sulfoacylated poly(styrene?divinylbenzene) copolymers as packing materials for cation chromatography ». Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 376, n^o 5 (1 juillet 2003) : 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-1953-7.

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Heyding, R. D., K. E. Russell, T. L. Varty et D. St-Cyr. « The Normal Paraffins Revisited ». Powder Diffraction 5, n^o 2 (juin 1990) : 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600015414.

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The low temperature modifications of the normal paraffins n-CnH2n+2crystallize in three groups (Broadhurst, 1962). The structure is triclinic for n even, 6 < n < 26 (Muller and Lonsdale, 1948; Nyburg and Luth, 1972); orthorhombic for n odd, 11 < n < 39 (Smith, 1953; Teare, 1959); and monoclinic for n even, 28 < n < 36 (Shearer and Vand, 1956). In all of these structures the hydrocarbon chains are linear and in trans configuration. The chains are parallel to one another, the terminal methyl groups forming the surfaces of lamella which are more or less perpendicular to the chain axis. For n < ca.36, it is apparently the interlamellar interaction between end methyl groups which dictates the symmetry. For longer chains the structure is usually orthorhombic and comparable to the structure of highly crystalline polyethylenes. Chains do not fold (as they undoubtedly do in polyethylenes) unless n is greater than 102 (Bidd and Whiting, 1985; Ungar and Keller, 1986).The several crystal forms differ in the manner in which the nearest neighbor chains are related to one another. In the triclinic lattices the packing is such that a triclinic sublattice containing one methylene group is evident. In the other modifications the sublattice is orthorhombic and contains four methylene groups. If the overall symmetry is orthorhombic the long chain axes are perpendicular to the interlamellar surface; the x and y translations, perpendicular to the long axis, are common to both cells. If the nearest neighbor chains are displaced by two or four methylene groups along the chain axis, overall monoclinic symmetry results (Sullivan and Weeks (1970)).

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Mitchell, Rory, Eibe Frank et Geoffrey Holmes. « GPUTreeShap : massively parallel exact calculation of SHAP scores for tree ensembles ». PeerJ Computer Science 8 (5 avril 2022) : e880. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.880.

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SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values (Lundberg & Lee, 2017) provide a game theoretic interpretation of the predictions of machine learning models based on Shapley values (Shapley, 1953). While exact calculation of SHAP values is computationally intractable in general, a recursive polynomial-time algorithm called TreeShap (Lundberg et al., 2020) is available for decision tree models. However, despite its polynomial time complexity, TreeShap can become a significant bottleneck in practical machine learning pipelines when applied to large decision tree ensembles. Unfortunately, the complicated TreeShap algorithm is difficult to map to hardware accelerators such as GPUs. In this work, we present GPUTreeShap, a reformulated TreeShap algorithm suitable for massively parallel computation on graphics processing units. Our approach first preprocesses each decision tree to isolate variable sized sub-problems from the original recursive algorithm, then solves a bin packing problem, and finally maps sub-problems to single-instruction, multiple-thread (SIMT) tasks for parallel execution with specialised hardware instructions. With a single NVIDIA Tesla V100-32 GPU, we achieve speedups of up to 19× for SHAP values, and speedups of up to 340× for SHAP interaction values, over a state-of-the-art multi-core CPU implementation executed on two 20-core Xeon E5-2698 v4 2.2 GHz CPUs. We also experiment with multi-GPU computing using eight V100 GPUs, demonstrating throughput of 1.2 M rows per second—equivalent CPU-based performance is estimated to require 6850 CPU cores.

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Mante-Khurpade, Jyoti, Megha Dhotay, Prerna Patil, Sanjivani Kulkarni, Shilpa Budhavale et Sharayu Ikhar. « Enhancing data privacy in wireless sensor network using homomorphic encryption ». Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography 27, n^o 2-B (2024) : 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47974/jdmsc-1959.

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From environmental monitoring to healthcare, WSN are essential. The extensive use of these networks to gather sensitive data requires strong data privacy mechanisms. Cryptographic homomorphic encryption may solve this problem. This study uses CKKS encryption and ciphertext packing to improve Wireless Sensor Network data privacy. CKKS is a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that allows complex data operations. This makes it ideal for data analytics and computations. Ciphertext packing improves computational efficiency, making this combination a good choice for data protection in WSN environments with limited resources. Performance efficiency is crucial to evaluation. This parameter evaluates CKKS encryption with ciphertext packing’s computational resource and execution time efficiency. This study examines how this approach affects WSN node and network performance, revealing its feasibility and practicality in real-world situations. The Data Security parameter highlights CKKS encryption with ciphertext packing’s data security. This comprehensive assessment determines data confidentiality and integrity in the Wireless Sensor Network. The system’s ability to withstand data breaches and unauthorized access is crucial for protecting sensitive data. Any WSN solution must consider energy consumption. This parameter evaluates data encryption and processing energy usage, taking sensor node energy constraints into account. The assessment of CKKS encryption with ciphertext packing in WSN sheds light on its potential to improve data confidentiality while addressing WSN challenges. This research strengthens WSN data protection efforts and lays the groundwork for future advances in this vital field.

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Neale, Nathan R. « Packing heat ». Nature Chemistry 6, n^o 5 (22 avril 2014) : 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1933.

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Dzarnoski, John, et Susie Johansson. « Embedding Active and Passive Devices in Medical Electronics ». Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (1 janvier 2014) : 000786–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tp16.

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Efforts to increase the packaging efficiency of microelectronic systems have been extensive and continuous over the past few decades. Evidence of this can be seen even before the expansion of the space program by the United States in 1961 and the race to the moon; one of the first settings where size was truly limited and miniaturization of electronics was a necessity. In the 1950's the world saw its first major size reduction of electronic component with the phase out of the vacuum tube in favor of the transistor. The transistor saw its first major commercial use in 1952 via hybrid vacuum tube transistor technology. While many industries benefitted from the shift, in 1954 the hearing aid industry specifically experienced major improvements owing to the implementation of transistors, becoming smaller, requiring less power and having better functionality. The first 4-transistor AM radio product followed shortly thereafter. Much of today's effort since 1978 has been driven by the telecommunications industry that has succeeded in reducing cell phone size while simultaneously increasing functionality. Just as in the 1950's, hearing aid technology continues to be at the forefront when it comes to miniaturization. The hearing aid business has always had the need to use extremely small electronic packaging. The first completely in the canal (CIC) hearing aids were produced in 1993 and required all electronic components to be small enough that they fit entirely inside the ear canal. The introduction of wireless systems into hearing aids has sharply increased component count. Due to the size and shape of a multitude of types of hearing aids, flexible circuits need to be folded and bent to fit inside hearing aid cases, with essentially all available space being used. More powerful processors and more memory are enabling sophisticated algorithms that are able to greatly improve sound quality. There is also a strong market desire to add more features to hearing products while at the same time making them smaller and less visible. The latest hearing aids have succeeded in the later demand, constructed so small they are not visible and consequently are called invisible in the canal (IIC). In order to continue meeting the markets want for smaller and more features, a new packaging method needed to be developed. One such option is embedded die packaging. This paper will examine the use of embedded die packaging (or chip-in-flex) to drive significant further size reduction in custom and standard hearing instruments over what can be achieved using chip-on-flex or traditional ceramic hybrid based technologies. The historical drivers, available circuit board technologies, use of integrated passive devices, performance improvement, size reduction, device reliability, changes in supply chain, impact on wafer test, impact on device test, and challenges of working with wafers instead of die will be discussed.

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Chang, Ning Jennifer. « Vertical Integration, Business Diversification, and Firm Architecture : The Case of the China Egg Produce Company in Shanghai, 1923–1950 ». Enterprise & ; Society 6, n^o 3 (septembre 2005) : 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700014610.

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This article is a case study of a Chinese indigenous firm in the refrigerated egg-packing industry during the interwar period. I argue that the China Egg Produce Company (CEPC) was quick to grasp Western management in terms of vertical integration and business diversification. In addition, this firm took advantage of embedded social relations and social networks to construct a strong “internal architecture.” As a result, CEPC not only rivaled some six to eight British and American enterprises, but also took the lead in persuading them to form an international cartel during the 1930s. The data presented in this case study shows the surprising vitality and adaptability of Chinese businesses and suggests that China was in the process of developing a modern business system prior to the chaotic events of the late 1940s.

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Cowan, Richard. « A constraint on the random packing of disks ». Journal of Applied Probability 30, n^o 1 (mars 1993) : 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214639.

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This paper addresses random packing of equal-sized disks in a manner such that no disk has a gap on its circumference large enough to accommodate an extra touching neighbour. This structure generalises the deterministic packing models discussed in classical geometry (Coxeter (1961), Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen (1952)). Relationships with the dual mosaic formed by joining the centres of touching disks are established. Constraints on the neighbourhood of disks and on the packing density are established.

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Cowan, Richard. « A constraint on the random packing of disks ». Journal of Applied Probability 30, n^o 01 (mars 1993) : 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020004417x.

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This paper addresses random packing of equal-sized disks in a manner such that no disk has a gap on its circumference large enough to accommodate an extra touching neighbour. This structure generalises the deterministic packing models discussed in classical geometry (Coxeter (1961), Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen (1952)). Relationships with the dual mosaic formed by joining the centres of touching disks are established. Constraints on the neighbourhood of disks and on the packing density are established.

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Schissler, Jakob. « Die USA und ihre Kriegskonstruktionen ». Politisches Lernen 40, n^o 3-4 (21 décembre 2022) : 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/pl.v40i3-4.07.

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Die Alliierten stützten ihre Argumentation bei den Kriegsverbrecherprozessen gegen das Deutsche Reich 1946 auf die Tatsache des Angriffskrieges durch Nazi-Deutschland. Damit schufen sie indirekte Legitimationen für andere Kriegsformen. Dies war anscheinend gewollt. Jedoch traten „nach Nürnberg“ andere Faktoren in den Vordergrund: vor allem die Tatsache der „hohen Kollateralschäden“. Die USA haben in der Folge nur bedingt völkerrechtliche Regelungen in ihre Politik aufgenommen. Seit dem Koreakrieg (1950–1953) bauten die USA ihre überdimensionale Kriegswirtschaft auf. In den Blick gerieten vor allem sogenannte „low intensity conflicts“. Diese hatten während der Entkolonialisierung Konjunktur. E. Tammy Kim nannte diese Kriegsführung der USA den „forever war“ oder auch den „permanenten Krieg“. Mit dem Übergang zum „unipolaren Moment“ in der Weltpolitik, hat „The war against terror“ diese Form der Kriegsführung ganz offen angenommen. Man bezeichnet amerikanischerseits diese Kriegsform auch als „intra war“. Seit kurzem aber wird die neue Form des allumfassenden Krieges wieder theoretisiert – der „inter war“. Diese Strategie ist gegen China gerichtet. Es ist fraglich ob man Kriege so scheinpräzise in Formeln packen kann: Sie sind ihrer Natur nach soziale Aktionen, die man durch Friedensstrategien beenden sollte. Woran es gegenwärtig mangelt.

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Pavlenko, Elena, Evgenia Semkina, Alexander Pokhilko, Ekaterina Sukhanova, Victor Fursov, Natalia Lazareva, Alexander Pyanov et Igor Baklanov. « Enhancing food packaging with nanofillers : properties, applications, and innovations ». Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 18 (19 février 2024) : 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1935.

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Food packaging is undergoing a revolutionary change because of nanotechnology. This paper examines the influence of nanofillers on improving food packaging materials. Due to their distinctive qualities, nanofillers like nanoparticles and nanocomposites change food product protection, preservation, and appearance. The advantages of nanofillers, which may be controlled in terms of mechanical, barrier, thermal, optical, and surface characteristics, are described in the article along with their definition. Systematic examination exposes the many functions of nanofillers, from maintaining food safety with antibacterial Nano silver to increasing shelf life with better barriers. They also support sustainability and clever packaging. Innovative applications for real-time food monitoring are investigated, along with case examples demonstrating their efficacy, including nanocomposite materials, nanosensors, and nanotags. The use of nanofillers is evaluated concerning safety, compliance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. Future research trends that will influence food packaging are outlined. A critical step toward developing safer, more robust, and environmentally friendly packaging solutions is represented by nanofillers. This review is a valuable tool for anyone involved in food packaging since it provides information on disruptive technology transforming food packaging into an intelligent, environmentally friendly guardian of food quality and safety.

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Polgár, Annamária, et Erzsébet Mák. « Élelmiszertörténet : az 1900-1950-es évek ». Kaleidoscope history 10, n^o 21 (2020) : 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2020.21.324-333.

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For centuries, men were self-reliant and consumed typically the food produced on one’s own territory. With advancing Industrial Revolution, development started also in the agriculture and food production set on a large scale, with cheap mass products and companies could serve larger populations. Metropolitan life has adapted to cater to the growing crowds, with smaller stores slowly becoming supermarkets where everything could be found in the same place. Innovation efforts have also brought about the freezer, vacuum packaging or microwave, all of which made available to the public. Foods changed to be enriched with vitamins and minerals for a better nutrient supply, and packaging techniques followed this evolution. This study aims to look over the history of alimentation and the change of food production from the 1900s to the 1950s324including both World Wars respectively.

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Yu, Huanan, Shihui Shen, Guoping Qian et Xiangbing Gong. « Packing Theory and Volumetrics-Based Aggregate Gradation Design Method ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 32, n^o 6 (juin 2020) : 04020110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003192.

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Holtzhausen, Anton H., et Felipe M. Guerrero. « Dolos Hydraulic-Stability Formula Update and Optimum Packing Density ». Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 143, n^o 3 (mai 2017) : 04016021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000374.

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Spekuljak, Zvonko. « Liquid entrainment in regular packings ». International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 12, n^o 6 (novembre 1985) : 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(85)90024-7.

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Jagoda, Sathindu, Hirushie Karunathilake et Janaka R. Gamage. « Life Cycle Thinking for Packaging ». Bolgoda Plains 01, n^o 01 (octobre 2021) : 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.14.

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Unsustainable packaging practices are one of the leading problems in today’s world, leading to unnecessary resource consumption, increased waste generation, environmental pollution, and an overall negative impact on ecosystems. Global statistics show that 8 million metric tons of plastic ends up in the oceans every year. It has been estimated that approximately 79% of plastic produced since 1950 has been sent to landfills or otherwise released to the environment. With the current trends, the United Nations predicts that the plastic content will overweigh the fish in the ocean by 2050 [1].

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Wilson, A. J. C. « Space groups rare for organic structures. III. Symmorphism and inherent molecular symmetry ». Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, n^o 6 (1 novembre 1993) : 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767393003319.

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To a close approximation, the relative frequency of the space groups of molecular organic compounds is determined by ease of packing. When the molecules are in general Wyckoff positions, the relative frequency anticorrelates with the degree of symmorphism. Somewhat different considerations apply if the molecule possesses and uses some inherent symmetry (\overline 1, 2, m, 2/m, 222, mm, ...) [Kitaigorodskii (1955); Kitaigorodskii (1961). Organic Chemical Crystallography. New York: Consultants Bureau]. The observed frequencies are analysed in the light of the degree of symmorphism and molecular symmetry.

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Gómez-Martín, M. Esther, et Josep R. Medina. « Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units ». Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 140, n^o 1 (janvier 2014) : 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000223.

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Maganhe, Bruna Larissa, José Araújo Souto Neto, Rodrigo Eiji Kurokawa, Hugo Gallo Neto et Eduardo Gomes Sanches. « Transport conditions in the planktonic phase for seahorses Hippocampus reidi Ginsburg, 1933 (Teleostei : Syngnathidae) ». Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 51, n^o 3 (2 juillet 2023) : 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue3-fulltext-2996.

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Thousands of seahorses are traded every year as marine ornamental species. Although packing methods for live adult seahorses have already been addressed, there is no information on the transportation of juvenile seahorses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of packing and transportation for newly-birthed seahorses. Three batches of newborn long-snout seahorses Hippocampus reidi were transported in three independent events from Ubatuba, north coast of São Paulo, to the city of São Paulo, covering 248 km in each trip, with an average duration of 3.5 h. A mean of 350 offspring of one day old was distributed in 1 L containers with round borders at equal densities, provided with constant aeration by portable pumps. Aeration was kept so that large bubbles would create an ascending flow keeping juveniles in suspension throughout transportation. Values of survival achieved in this study, even after 10 days post-transportation, were surprisingly high, reaching over 70%. No significant shift in water temperature, pH, or salinity was observed for any transportation events. For oxygen levels, although portable pumps were used, a drop of around 15% in DO level was recorded. In view of the trending ornamental fish market, considering the limited swimming capacity of newly born seahorses and that a great number of marine fish undergo a planktonic phase, this study provides important directions to a better understanding on seahorse transportation and yet, directions for the design of new transport methodology for an efficient shipping protocol for other species.

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Tsahor, Dan. « Postwar Nakba : A Microhistory of the Depopulation of Zakariyya, 1950 ». Journal of Palestine Studies 49, n^o 1 (2019) : 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2019.49.1.47.

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This study follows the events that caused the depopulation of the village of Zakariyya, south of the Jaffa-Jerusalem road, during the summer of 1950. Using documents from state and military archives, the article constructs the story of the villagers’ expulsion and explores the role of the little-known Transfer Committee in initiating and promoting postwar expulsions of Palestinians from the newly established State of Israel. A close reading of the actions of individual committee members over the course of events uncovers both the Transfer Committee's modus operandi and the ostensible rationale for the postwar depopulation of the village. The article argues that by packing the committee with representatives of major Israeli power centers, Chair Yosef Weitz in effect laid the groundwork for the continuing expulsion of Palestinians from Israel after the establishment of the state.

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Miller, Anthony, et Yvonne Stokes. « Simple Analysis of Line Packing, Attenuation, and Rarefaction Phenomena in Water Hammer ». Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 143, n^o 10 (octobre 2017) : 06017017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001367.

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Thunuguntla, Chaitanya Srikrishna, et Tippabhotla Durga Gunneswara Rao. « Mix Design Procedure for Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Using Particle Packing Theory ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, n^o 6 (juin 2018) : 04018113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002296.

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Moini, Mohamadreza, Konstantin Sobolev, Ismael Flores-Vivian et Adil Amirjanov. « Modeling and Experimental Evaluation of Aggregate Packing for Effective Application in Concrete ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 31, n^o 3 (mars 2019) : 04019001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002628.

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Furlough, Ellen. « Packaging Pleasures : Club Mediterranee and French Consumer Culture, 1950-1968 ». French Historical Studies 18, n^o 1 (1993) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/286955.

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Hni, Brahim, Nada Kheira Sebbar, Tuncer Hökelek, Lhoussaine El Ghayati, Younes Bouzian, Joel T. Mague et El Mokhtar Essassi. « Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT study of (2Z)-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-[2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one ». Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, n^o 5 (9 avril 2019) : 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019004250.

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The title compound, C20H16Cl2N2O3S, is built up from a dihydrobenzothiazine moiety linked by –CH– and –C2H4– units to 2,4-dichlorophenyl and 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine substituents, where the oxazole ring and the heterocyclic portion of the dihydrobenzothiazine unit adopt envelope and flattened-boat conformations, respectively. The 2-carbon link to the oxazole ring is nearly perpendicular to the mean plane of the dihydrobenzothiazine unit. In the crystal, the molecules form stacks extending along the normal to (104) with the aromatic rings from neighbouring stacks intercalating to form an overall layer structure. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (28.4%), H...Cl/Cl...H (19.3%), H...O/O...H (17.0%), H...C/C...H (14.5%) and C...C (8.2%) interactions. Weak hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions are the dominant interactions in the crystal packing. Density functional theory (DFT) optimized structures at the B3LYP/ 6–311 G(d,p) level are compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state. The HOMO—LUMO behaviour was elucidated to determine the energy gap.

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Chen, Guoxing, Qi Wu, Kai Zhao, Zhifu Shen et Jun Yang. « A Binary Packing Material–Based Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Triggering during Earthquakes ». Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146, n^o 6 (juin 2020) : 04020040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002263.

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Borges, Paulo H. R., Lucas F. Fonseca, Vitor A. Nunes, Tulio H. Panzera et Carolina C. Martuscelli. « Andreasen Particle Packing Method on the Development of Geopolymer Concrete for Civil Engineering ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26, n^o 4 (avril 2014) : 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000838.

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Idrissi, Ahlam, Karim Chkirate, Nadeem Abad, Bahia Djerrari, Redouane Achour, El Mokhtar Essassi et Luc Van Meervelt. « Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and density functional theory study of 6-methyl-2-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazole ». Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, n^o 4 (19 mars 2021) : 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989021002723.

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In the title molecule, C13H13N3O, the isoxazole ring is inclined to the benzimidazole ring at a dihedral angle of 69.28 (14)°. In the crystal, N—H...N hydrogen bonds between neighboring benzimidazole rings form chains along the a-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (48.8%), H...C/C...H (20.9%) and H...N/N...H (19.3%) interactions. The optimized structure calculated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–311 G(d,p) level is compared with the experimentally determined structure in the solid state. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap is 4.9266 eV.

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Mohammadi, Mohsen, Ali Akbar Shirzadi Javid et Mehdi Divandari. « Introducing a Method to Determine Nonautoclaved Aerated Concrete Air content Based on Packing Theory ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, n^o 3 (mars 2018) : 04017312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002180.

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Min, Zhaohui, Lei Sun, Qichang Wang et Zhongqi Yu. « Influence of Aggregate Packing on the Performance of Uncured and Cured Epoxy Asphalt Mixtures ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 32, n^o 5 (mai 2020) : 04020103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003149.

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Jitcă, Doina. « Information packaging correlates of semantic information structure categories ». Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics 22, n^o 1 (2020) : 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/inter.11.25.1.

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In this wide-ranging article I engage in a detailed meditation on the book Representations of the Intellectual (1994) by the late, great Palestinian-American academic and cultural critic Edward W. Said (1935-2003). In the course of discussing and evaluating Representations of the Intellectual roughly thirty years after its initial publication, I historically contextualize the book in relation to key cultural and sociopolitical issues of its relative era while simultaneously positioning it in intertextual dialogue with a variety of texts that help shed light on its core strengths, key limitations, and ultimate enduring significance as work that compels readers to think and question.

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Li, Yongcheng, et Chang-Won Park. « Prediction of mass transfer rate in fibrous and granular media using packing permeability ». International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 25, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1933(97)00133-4.

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Karadumpa, Chandra Sekhar, et Rathish Kumar Pancharathi. « Influence of Particle Packing Theories on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Composite Cement–Based Mortars ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 33, n^o 10 (octobre 2021) : 04021267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003848.

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Shailendra Kumar et Sudhirkumar V. Barai. « Impact of Particle Packing Method of Design Mix on Fracture Behavior of Concrete : Critical Analysis ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 32, n^o 4 (avril 2020) : 04020045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003138.

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Ge, Junli, Hua Liao, Lijun Duan, Qiang Wei et Weiyue Zeng. « Uterine packing during cesarean section in the management of intractable hemorrhage in central placenta previa ». Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 285, n^o 2 (7 juin 2011) : 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-1935-5.

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Tománková, J., J. Bořilová, I. Steinhauserová et L. Gallas. « Volatile organic compounds as biomarkers of the freshness of poultry meat packaged in a modified atmosphere ». Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 5 (25 juillet 2012) : 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/408/2011-cjfs.

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The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the packing of chicken meat in a modified atmosphere was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. The total number of 72 samples of chicken hindquarters were stored under two different modified atmospheres (70% O<sub>2</sub>, 30% CO<sub>2</sub>, and 70% argon, 30% CO<sub>2</sub>) for 20 days. Analyses were performed on Days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. VOCs in the headspace samples were detected and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) every fourth day of storage. Pentamethylheptane, dimethylsulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide, dimethyl tetrasulphide, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia were detected. Pentamethylheptane and ammonia had similar values for both modified atmospheres (MA). The other compounds were found only in argon MA from the Day 16 of storage with a subsequent increase of values. The measured values for dimethylsulphide were 10.7 and 13.8 mg/l, for dimethyl disulphide they were 1.9 and 10.7 mg/l, dimethyl trisulphide levels were 15.7 and 19.3 mg/l and dimethyl tetrasulphide levels were 93.2 and 418.3 mg/l for Day 16 and 20. The hydrogen sulphide level was detected from 80 to 370 mg/l after the 8<sup>th</sup> day of storage. We showed that the argon MA is less suitable for packaging raw chicken parts than the oxygen MA in view of the increased amount of microflora and unpleasant odour as assessed by sensory analysis. Oxygen prolonged the shelf life by about four days in comparison with argon. Sensory evaluation was similar for both atmospheres after air exhaustion. The argon MA did not extend the shelf life as compared to the oxygen MA.  

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Irrou, Ezaddine, Younesse Ait Elmachkouri, Ali Oubella, Hassan Ouchtak, Samira Dalbouha, Joel T. Mague, Tuncer Hökelek, Lhoussaine El Ghayati, Nada Kheira Sebbar et Mohamed Labd Taha. « Crystal structure determination, Hirshfeld surface, crystal void, intermolecular interaction energy analyses, as well as DFT and energy framework calculations of 2-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)acetic acid ». Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 78, n^o 9 (31 août 2022) : 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989022008489.

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In the title molecule, C7H6N4O3, the bicyclic ring system is planar with the carboxymethyl group inclined by 81.05 (5)° to this plane. In the crystal, corrugated layers parallel to (010) are generated by N—H...O, O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The layers are associated through C—H...π(ring) interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...O/O...H (34.8%), H...N/N...H (19.3%) and H...H (18.1%) interactions. The volume of the crystal voids and the percentage of free space were calculated to be 176.30 Å3 and 10.94%, showing that there is no large cavity in the crystal packing. Computational methods revealed O—H...N, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen-bonding energies of 76.3, 55.2, 32.8 and 19.1 kJ mol−1, respectively. Evaluations of the electrostatic, dispersion and total energy frameworks indicate that the stabilization is dominated via dispersion energy contributions. Moreover, the optimized molecular structure, using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–311G(d,p) level, was compared with the experimentally determined one. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap was determined and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface was calculated at the B3LYP/6–31G level to predict sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks.

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Sheinblat, Hemi. « The Importation of the American Supermarket Model to Israel, 1957-1967 ». Iyunim Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 38 (31 décembre 2022) : 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-38a144.

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This article traces the story of the importation of the American supermarket to Israel between the late 1950s to the late 1960s. The public debates over the adoption of this retail model went beyond economic and commercial aspects to include political, social, and class struggles among different groups in Israeli society, illustrative of their heterogeneous complexity at the time. The appearance of the supermarket in Israel was both symbolic and real. For many, it symbolized progress and modernization, values originating in ‘American Consumerism’ in the framework of the Cold War to demonstrate the advantages of the American way of life. The supermarket model was established through two main entities: initially by the foreign-owned private company Shufersal and through the Histadrut Corporation and its government-supported chain of food stores. The establishment of the supermarket marked a significant change in the Israeli retail food trade and consumption and management patterns. These included self-service, frozen food products, weekly specials, background music, consumer benefits, attractive packaging, advertising which offered a ‘shopping experience’ that was new to Israel at the time.

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Seth, Siddhartha, et Norman R. Morrow. « Efficiency of the Conversion of Work of Drainage to Surface Energy for Sandstone and Carbonate ». SPE Reservoir Evaluation & ; Engineering 10, n^o 04 (1 août 2007) : 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/102490-pa.

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Summary The increase in surface energy resulting from drainage of a wetting phase from a porous medium is often equated to the work of displacement determined from the area under its capillary pressure curve. However, capillary pressure vs. saturation relationships are not reversible and do not represent quasistatic displacement. The increase in surface energy is less than the work done because of inherent capillary instabilities that are the basic cause of capillary pressure hysteresis. Nevertheless, relating the area under a capillary pressure curve to the thermodynamic work of displacement can be justified by interpreting the curve as a series of alternating isons (reversible displacements) and rheons (spontaneous redistribution at constant saturation). The efficiency of conversion of work to surface energy, Ed, depends on the increase in surface area that accompanies drainage. Surface areas of nonwetting phase/solid and nonwetting phase/wetting phase have been determined through displacement of a colored low-viscosity liquid resin that can be solidified so that thin sections reveal the distribution of phases and surfaces within the pore space of the rock. Two-dimensional images obtained from thin sections were analyzed using stereology to obtain estimates of saturations and interfacial areas in three dimensions. For drainage of Berea sandstone to 20% wetting-phase saturation, Ed was 36%, which was less than one-half of the efficiency of 85% for the same range of change in saturation determined previously for random packings of equal spheres. Values of Ed for the tested carbonate were approximately one-half of those for sandstone. The wide variation is explained in terms of a simple pore model that relates Ed to aspect ratio. Introduction Changes in fluid saturations during multiphase displacements in porous media are accompanied by changes in interfacial surface area between the phases. Interfacial areas are directly related to surface energy and are fundamental to spontaneous-imbibition phenomena, to multiphase transport properties such as relative permeability, and to processes that involve mass transfer between phases (Haines 1930; Leverett 1941; Rapoport and Leas 1951; Payne 1953; Rootare and Prenzlow 1967; Hassanizadeh and Gray 1993; Reeves and Celia 1996; Kim et al. 1997; Alpak et al. 1999; Schaefer et al. 2000a, 2000b; Beliaev and Hassanizadeh 2001; Wan and Tokunaga 2002; Jain et al. 2003; Cheng et al. 2004). The relationship between work of displacement from capillary pressure data to changes in surface energy from direct measurements of surface areas has been reported in detail for drainage, imbibition, and secondary drainage for random packings of equal spheres (Morrow 1970a). The first measurements of relationships between work and increase in surface energy for porous rocks are reported here for primary drainage of a sandstone and a limestone.

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Peng, Yiming, Kunlin Ma, Guangcheng Long, Youjun Xie, Lianshan Yu et Qingquan Xie. « Effect of Packing Density According to CPM on the Rheology of Cement–Fly Ash–Slag Paste ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 33, n^o 8 (août 2021) : 04021209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003823.

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Xiao, Yuanjie, et Erol Tutumluer. « Gradation and Packing Characteristics Affecting Stability of Granular Materials : Aggregate Imaging-Based Discrete Element Modeling Approach ». International Journal of Geomechanics 17, n^o 3 (mars 2017) : 04016064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000735.

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Baer, Brian James. « From International to Foreign : Packaging Translated Literature in Soviet Russia ». Slavic and East European Journal 60, n^o 60.1 (1 avril 2016) : 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30851/60.1.004.

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Статья исследует последствия, к которым привели изменения в понимании интернационализма и национализма в теории и практике перевода. Данные изменения, характеризующиеся отходом от радикального интернационализма и обращением к более традиционным формам романтического национализма, которые наметились в конце 1930-х годов и достигли своего пика в послевоенный период. Анализ проводится на основе исследования статей и книг, посвященных переводу, с одной стороны, и публикаций переводных литературных произведений, с другой. Особое внимание уделяется публикациям в журнале «Иностранная литература» (основан в 1955-м г.)—выбору текстов для перевода, принципам составления специальных выпусков, подбору фотографий и других иллюстраций, сопровождающих переводы. Статья показывает переводческую деятельность как своеобразный объектив, позволяющий лучше увидеть противоречия и проблемы в советской послевоенной культуре.

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Munaro, Andrea. « Triangle Packings and Transversals of Some $$K_{4}$$ K 4 -Free Graphs ». Graphs and Combinatorics 34, n^o 4 (19 mai 2018) : 647–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-018-1903-y.

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Mamirov, Miras, Jiong Hu et Yong-Rak Kim. « Effective Reduction of Cement Content in Pavement Concrete Mixtures Based on Theoretical and Experimental Particle Packing Methods ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 33, n^o 10 (octobre 2021) : 04021277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003890.

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Shen, Shihui, et Huanan Yu. « Analysis of Aggregate Gradation and Packing for Easy Estimation of Hot-Mix-Asphalt Voids in Mineral Aggregate ». Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 23, n^o 5 (mai 2011) : 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000224.

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Casasús, A., A. Gruss, D. Baun, M. Morales et D. Mazyck. « Silica-Titania–Coated Packing : Novel Solution Capable of 90% Hg Capture with Low Operation and Maintenance Costs ». Journal of Environmental Engineering 139, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000615.

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Caracelli, Ignez, Julio Zukerman-Schpector, Henrique J. Traesel, Paulo R. Olivato, Mukesh M. Jotani et Edward R. T. Tiekink. « 2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]-2-methoxy-1-phenylethan-1-one : crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis ». Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, n^o 5 (27 avril 2018) : 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018006072.

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The title compound, C15H13ClO2S, comprises (4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl, benzaldehyde and methoxy residues linked at a chiral methine-C atom (the crystal is racemic). A twist in the methine-C—C(carbonyl) bond [O—C—C—O torsion angle = 19.3 (7)°] leads to a dihedral angle of 22.2 (5)° between the benzaldehyde and methine+methoxy residues. The chlorobenzene ring is folded to lie over the O atoms, with the dihedral angle between the benzene rings being 42.9 (2)°. In the crystal, the carbonyl-O atom accepts two C—H...O interactions with methyl- and methine-C—H atoms being the donors. The result is an helical supramolecular chain aligned along the c axis; chains pack with no directional interactions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface points to the important contributions of weak H...H and C...C contacts to the molecular packing.

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Korzhenevsky, V. V., Yu V. Plugatar, Yu V. Korzhenevskaya et A. A. Abramenkov. « Regenerative niche Malva alcea L. in the Crimean mountains ». Plant Biology and Horticulture : theory, innovation, n^o 154 (21 octobre 2020) : 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-1-154-7-22.

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The issue of the presence of a regenerative niche Malva alcea, recently discovered on the Ai-Petrinskaya Yila, is being discussed. This species is typical polycarpic grass, rooted, hemicryptophytes with summer-green vegetation type, entomogamous, barohor with generative propagation. The range of Malva alcea covers almost the whole of Europe, includingGreat Britain; it is also found inNorth America. To obtain an ambiguous answer, we used the original program for calculating the packing density of community species on gradients of factor conditions and resource factors: (illumination-shading, thermal mode, ombro mode, cryo mode, continentality, moistening, variability of moisture, substrate acidity, salt regime (anionic composition), carbonate content, nitrogen content, granulometric (mechanical) composition (porosity) of the substrate). Most often, the species can be found in the syntaxons included in the class - Onopordetea acanthii subsp. acanthii Braun-Blanquet 1964 em. Julve 1993, order - Onopordetalia acanthii subsp. acanthii Braun-Blanquet & Tüxen 1943 em. Görs 1966, union - Onopordion acanthii subsp. acanthii Braun-Blanquet 1936, which summarize the thermophilic ruderal communities of tall weed species. Based on the analysis results, it can be stated that the introduced species successfully occupied its ecological niche due to the successful differentiation of its fundamental niche into the realized niche of the existing plant community, as well as due to the availability of free resources in the ecotope, as evidenced by the negative value of the excess coefficient of the packing density curve.

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Daoui, Said, Cemile Baydere, Fouad El Kalai, Rafik Saddik, Necmi Dege, Khalid Karrouchi et Noureddine Benchat. « Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one ». Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, n^o 11 (31 octobre 2019) : 1734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019014130.

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In the title compound, C13H14N2O3, the dihydropyridazine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.166 Å) has a screw-boat conformation. The dihedral angle between its mean plane and the benzene ring is 0.77 (12)°. In the crystal, intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds generate C(5) chains and N—H...O hydrogen bonds produce R 2 2(8) motifs. These types of interactions lead to the formation of layers parallel to (12\overline{1}). The three-dimensional network is achieved by C—H...O interactions, including R 2 4(8) motifs. Intermolecular interactions were additionally investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots. The most significant contributions to the crystal packing are by H...H (43.3%), H...C/C...H (19.3%), H...O/H...O (22.6%), C...N/N...C (3.0%) and H...N/N...H (5.8%) contacts. C—H...π interactions and aromatic π–π stacking interactions are not observed.

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Suychinov, Anuarbek, Dinara Akimova, Aitbek Kakimov, Yerlan Zharykbasov, Assemgul Baikadamova, Eleonora Okuskhanova, Anara Bakiyeva et Nadir Ibragimov. « Revolutionizing meat processing : a nexus of technological advancements, sustainability, and cultured meat evolution ». Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 18 (12 mars 2024) : 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1957.

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This thorough analysis traverses the ever-changing terrain of meat processing, revealing a story intertwined with technological innovations, environmentally friendly methods, and the revolutionary rise of cultured meat production. The amalgamation of sustainable polymers, sophisticated composite coatings, and potent antioxidant agents strikingly demonstrates the sector's dedication to novelty and ecological accountability. Diagrammatic depictions outline tactical approaches to lowering carbon emissions, highlighting the circular economy in terms of material recycling and the creative recycling of agricultural and food waste into environmentally acceptable packaging. Modern meat processing techniques, automation, and smart technology are all explored, emphasising waste minimization, energy efficiency, and sustainable practices.In terms of the future, the assessment offers a peek at how biotechnological developments and uses of nanotechnology will combine to transform how meat is produced. The integration of precision biotechnology, ethical concerns, and sustainability ushers a new era of responsible and creative food production, positioning the meat processing sector as a pathfinder in addressing consumer needs

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